US5502868A - Process and device for cleaning of surfaces - Google Patents

Process and device for cleaning of surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US5502868A
US5502868A US08/262,155 US26215594A US5502868A US 5502868 A US5502868 A US 5502868A US 26215594 A US26215594 A US 26215594A US 5502868 A US5502868 A US 5502868A
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United States
Prior art keywords
suction
cleaning
working area
gas
enclosure
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Expired - Fee Related
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US08/262,155
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English (en)
Inventor
Ruedi Braendle
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Braendle Metallbau AG
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Braendle Metallbau AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
    • B24C3/02—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other
    • B24C3/06—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other movable; portable
    • B24C3/062—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other movable; portable for vertical surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C9/00—Appurtenances of abrasive blasting machines or devices, e.g. working chambers, arrangements for handling used abrasive material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C9/00—Appurtenances of abrasive blasting machines or devices, e.g. working chambers, arrangements for handling used abrasive material
    • B24C9/003—Removing abrasive powder out of the blasting machine

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a process for cleaning surfaces by means of at least one particle-removing work implement and to a device for carrying out the process.
  • Facades which are soiled by environmental influences such as deposited soot particles or which are covered with unwanted layers of paint are cleaned by methods of mechanical abrasion, preferably by dry blasting.
  • the blasting material is preferably composed of minute round flexible beads of glass which are sprayed onto the surface to be cleaned with a slight spin so as to eradicate the layer of dirt.
  • the blasting material and dirt particles are sucked out by a vacuum system and fed to a dust extracting system which separates the blasting material from the dirt.
  • blasting and suction are effected in an outwardly closed space whose unique open side tightly contacts the surface to be cleaned.
  • the cleaning personnel must monitor the blasting action so as to direct the blast onto the soiled regions until the desired degree of cleanliness is achieved.
  • the first solution consists in providing a closed space which is sufficiently large to accommodate the cleaning personnel.
  • the selected dimensions of the closed space are small enough to be held in the hand of the cleaning personnel and guided along the surface.
  • the first solution has the disadvantage that the work space for receiving the cleaning personnel which contacts the facade at its open side and is displaced from one area of the facade to another is very large and accordingly also extremely heavy.
  • a crane truck is used to move along the facade, the work space being suspended from its boom. Because of technical factors relating to insurance, this type of suspended attachment for a manned work space is only permissible in conjunction with a special, very expensive crane truck.
  • the high concentrations of dirt and blasting material in the work space constitute a danger to the eyes and breathing passages of the cleaning personnel.
  • the health hazard can be reduced to a tolerable level only by wearing safety glasses, masks and protective suits. The safety measures do not provide complete protection and also impede work.
  • the disadvantage of the second solution consists in that the closed space or working box containing the blasting nozzle or jet nozzle and suction connection must be held by hand and guided along the surface manually.
  • the required freedom of movement along the surface prevents an adequate sealing at the open side against the surface so that dirt particles and blasting material escape, resulting in a threat to the environment and especially to the health of the personnel carrying out the cleaning.
  • the impact of the blasting jet on the surface cannot be observed in the closed space so that it is not possible to control cleaning of soiled locations in a satisfactory manner.
  • the work box must first be shifted before the cleaning action can be inspected so that the cleaning process is very cumbersome.
  • the primary object of the present invention is directed to a process and a device which enable efficient cleaning by providing the cleaning personnel with the required visual contact with the blasting jet and allowing them to manipulate the jet without at the same time exposing the environment or the cleaning personnel to increased concentrations of dirt and blasting material.
  • the inventive solution makes use of a treatment area or working area which has at least one exhaust opening and is at least partially open on one side contacting the surface to be cleaned to allow blast-cleaning and on a front enclosure surface opposite the surface to be cleaned so as to allow for manipulation and visibility.
  • the working area is defined laterally by at least three, preferably four, lateral enclosure surfaces which are arranged transversely to the surface and to the front enclosure surface.
  • a sealing device enclosing the opening on the contacting side and tightly adjoining the surface.
  • a gas flow is produced substantially parallel to the surface in at least a portion of the working area.
  • the gas flow preferably comprises at least one gas curtain or air curtain proceeding from an inlet device and extending in the region of the exhaust opening, at least one such exhaust opening being provided.
  • the inlet device is arranged at least along one lateral enclosure surface, has at least one strip nozzle and/or a plurality of point nozzles and is fed by compressed gas, preferably compressed air.
  • the arrangement of the inlet device and the exhaust opening, of which there is at least one, is selected in particular in such a way that the air curtain extends along the front enclosure surface and closes the work opening to prevent the escape of air located between the curtain and contact surface.
  • a blasting material suction flow is preferably produced between the air curtain and the surface to be cleaned or contacting side.
  • This flow is already at least partially present due to the entering cleaning jet and the suction, but is preferably intensified or homogenized by the influx of additional air or secondary air and, when appropriate, also by injected gas, in particular compressed air.
  • the ideal flow pattern presents a unique main direction of flow substantially parallel to the surface, substantially throughout the entire working area. Large-volume whirling with appreciable backflow must be avoided.
  • the flow velocity is at a maximum in the center of the air curtain and decreases toward the surface in the intervening space.
  • the flow in the outlet or jet region of the cleaning jet is aligned substantially only in the blasting direction.
  • the cleaning jet is directed against the surface. The jet flow is destroyed already after bouncing off the surface and the remaining local flow components and turbulence directed transversely to the throughflow of the working area are carried away by the general flow.
  • the air curtain and the parallel suction flow are formed by the interplay between the influx of compressed air and secondary air, if any, and the suction power and arrangement of the exhaust opening, of which there is at least one.
  • the air, compressed air and/or secondary air flows into the working area in the region of a first lateral enclosure surface and is sucked out through at least one exhaust opening in the region of a second lateral enclosure surface, the first and second enclosure surfaces being arranged opposite one another.
  • the suction volume throughput is so adjusted or so regulated, for example, by a regulating device, that it substantially always corresponds at least to the sum of the uncompressed volume input through the inlet device and the jet nozzle. But it is preferably at least occasionally greater so that it carries off secondary air. Secondary or false air can also enter between the sealing device enclosing the opening on the contacting side and the surface in the working area.
  • At least one physical magnitude, such as pressure, or a quantity depending on the concentration of blasting material is advisably detected by means of at least one sensor.
  • Effective visibility can be detected, e.g., by an optical sensor.
  • Information concerning the flow situation is acquired by pressure measurements. The suction power and/or influx of secondary and/or compressed air can be regulated corresponding to the measured values.
  • the cleaning personnel can guide the jet nozzle through the work opening into the working area without hindrance and can observe the effect of the cleaning jet at the same time. In so doing, neither personnel nor environment are harmed by the blasting material and/or dirt particles.
  • the required device for carrying out the process is light and can be fastened to a conventional lifting platform, e.g. a work scaffold which can be positioned within a broad area by means of a swivelable telescope arm for the purpose of cleaning facades.
  • a conventional lifting platform e.g. a work scaffold which can be positioned within a broad area by means of a swivelable telescope arm for the purpose of cleaning facades.
  • the air inlet device is preferably arranged at an upper lateral enclosure surface and the exhaust opening, of which there is at least one, is arranged at a lower lateral enclosure surface. In this way, the blasting material moves toward the exhaust opening, of which there is at least one, as a result of the flow in the working area as well as by the force of gravity.
  • the cleaning jet nozzle is supplied via a blasting-material line by a compressor located on ground level.
  • a control line which leads from an actuating handle at the jet nozzle to the compressor is preferably provided for controlling the cleaning jet and compressor.
  • the compressed air required for the air curtain and, as the case may be, for the blasting material suction flow is guided via a compressed-air line to the inlet device by the same compressor or by another compressor.
  • Another line preferably a flexible tube having a metal spiral and a plastic jacket, is provided for connecting the exhaust opening, of which there is at least one, with a suction unit arranged on the ground.
  • a working area according to the invention proven advantageous, novel and inventive in combination with a cleaning jet, but a working area according to the invention with an air curtain and a suction device is also advisable for mechanical treatment of a surface in which particles are released, e.g., when the surface is sanded with belt sanders or disk sanders. In this way, dust is prevented from loading the environment and the personnel is protected.
  • the use of the process according to the invention is not limited to the cleaning of facades, but can also be used, for example, in workshops for cleaning the surfaces of workpieces while preventing the release of particles of dirt and/or blasting material into the workshop.
  • the surface to be cleaned can be arranged on a contact surface or inside the working area. If it is arranged on the inside, a closed wall is provided instead of the contact opening.
  • the working area is formed by a processing chamber with only one work opening. Known processing chambers are substantially completely closed toward the outside and only provide gloves which are fastened to hand openings and lead into the working area for handling the working implement. The freedom of movement of the cleaning personnel is severely restricted in these prior art devices.
  • a working area according to the invention has the great advantage that manipulation through the work opening is restricted only very negligibly without substantial quantities of dust escaping from the processing space.
  • FIG. 1 shows a view of an arrangement with a vertically adjustable work platform including a facade connection part and with a compressor and a processing installation for blasting material used in dry blasting;
  • FIG. 2 shows a vertical section through the work platform and the working area
  • FIG. 3 shows a vertical section through the upper end region of the facade connection part
  • FIG. 4 shows a working area with closing wall and separate air circulation for the air curtain and the suction
  • FIG. 5 shows a side view and a front view of a sealing device with projecting resilient connection projections.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the use of the process according to the invention for cleaning facades.
  • a working area 2 in the shape of a parallelepiped adjoining a facade 1 is at least partially delimited by a housing 3.
  • the housing 3 substantially comprises a frame 4 and lateral enclosure surfaces 5 which are attached thereto and aligned transversely to the facade, and at least one sealing element 6 which adjoins lateral enclosure surfaces and tightly contacts the facade.
  • a work opening is provided in a front enclosure surface 7 of the housing 3 opposite the facade 1.
  • the housing 3 is fastened at a movable work platform 8 from which the cleaning personnel 9 can purposefully direct a jet nozzle 10 or some other work implement through the work opening within the sealing element 6, of which there is at least one, onto the locations of the facade 1 to be cleaned.
  • the work platform 8 is preferably fastened at the free end of a telescopic arm 12 of a lifting device 13, the telescopic arm 12 being swivelable about a horizontal axis 11.
  • the cleaning personnel 9 can adjust the position of the work platform 8 and accordingly the position of the working area 2 along the facade 1 via a control panel 14 and can clean the entire facade 1 by sections.
  • the blasting material required for producing the cleaning jet is fed to the jet nozzle 10 via a blasting-material line 16 by compressed air by means of a compressor and blasting device 15 located in the vicinity of the lifting device 13.
  • a control line 17 is arranged parallel to the line 16 and is connected with the compressor of the device 15 via a control unit 22 and compressor cable 23. The control line 17 enables the cleaning personnel 9 to regulate the compressor of the device 15 and accordingly the jet by means of an actuating element connected to the control line 17.
  • the blasting material is sucked out of the working area 2 into a recycling unit 19 through at least one exhaust opening arranged at the lower lateral enclosure surface 5 and through a flexible tube connected thereto.
  • the recycling unit 19 substantially has a suction unit and a dust extracting device which separates the blasting material from the dust carried along with it.
  • the blasting material passes through a line 20 from the recycling unit 19 to the device 15 for reuse in the cleaning jet.
  • a compressed-air line 21 leads from the compressor of the device 15 or, as the case may be, from a second compressor to the housing 3.
  • the compressed air guided therein is used to form an air curtain and possibly to reinforce a blasting material suction flow in the working area 2.
  • the control unit 22 is also connected with the recycling unit 19 via a connection cable 24 so that the suction power can always be adapted if necessary to the amount of supplied air.
  • connection members 25 and 26 are preferably constructed in such a way that the housing 3 can be attached and removed with a minimum of effort. Accordingly, the work platform 8 can also be used for other tasks without being modified.
  • the housing 3 preferably has two lateral vertical frame parts 4a which adjoin the platform 8 and are connected at the upper and lower ends by frame parts 4b which are guided horizontally against the facade 1.
  • Frame parts 4c which are aligned horizontally parallel to the facade 1 are provided between the upper parts and, as the case may be, between the lower parts 4b.
  • Only one grate 27 and a funnel 28 attached thereto from below are provided between the lower parts 4b. Since the funnel 28 is connected to the flexible tube 18 and accordingly to the suction unit, the through-openings of the grate 27 form the exhaust openings 29.
  • the grate 27 keeps large objects such as tools within the working area.
  • An upper enclosure surface 5a is attached via the upper frame parts 4b and 4c. Lateral enclosure surfaces 5b are arranged laterally at the frame parts 4a and 4b so that the working area 2 is defined laterally, at the top and at the bottom by wall parts 5b, 5a and 27. At least one sealing element 6 adjoins these wall parts on the side of the facade 1 around a contact opening 30 allowing access to a section of facade from the working area.
  • the construction according to FIG. 2 comprises two round hollow profiles of resilient material such as rubber or plastic which are arranged adjacent to one another.
  • An inclined seal face 54 is provided to prevent particles from settling on the seal 6 associated with the lower enclosure surface.
  • a sealing device 6 with at least one air chamber system which is supplied by compressed air and has at least one, but preferably two, feed openings and, when appropriate, at least one pressure relief valve to prevent the sealing element from splitting.
  • sealing elements incorporating bellows and/or thin plates and/or brushes can also be used so that the seal 6 tightly contacts the facade 1 around the contact opening 30 even on sharply curved portions of the facade, in particular on columns.
  • Another advantageous construction of the sealing device 6 is described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 5.
  • At least one exhaust opening 29' can also be provided in the region of the lateral enclosure surfaces 5b.
  • at least one suction duct 52 extending substantially parallel to the surface and having a slot opening 29' is preferably attached so as to be displaceable along the lateral enclosure surface at guide members 53.
  • the front enclosure surface 31 located opposite the contact opening 30 and facing the work platform is preferably closed at a lower region by a front plate 31a.
  • the work opening 31b is so disposed that the cleaning personnel 9 can guide the cleaning jet nozzle 10 over the facade 1 so as to have eye contact substantially within the entire region of the contact opening 30.
  • a cleaning jet 32 strikes the facade and removes the unwanted layer. The blasting material and the dirt particles flow away from the facade 1 at least partially toward the exhaust openings 29 located at the bottom due to the suction and the force of gravity.
  • an air curtain 33 is provided in the working area 2 directly within the work opening 31b across the entire width of the opening.
  • This air curtain 33 is formed by the cooperation between an air inlet device arranged at the upper enclosure surface 5a and the suction exerted through the exhaust openings 29.
  • the air inlet device comprises at least one strip nozzle 34 or a number of point nozzles which are arranged in a row and aligned substantially parallel to the work opening and produce an air flow directed downward along the front enclosure surface.
  • the air nozzles 34 are supplied by the compressed-air line 21 which preferably extends along a frame part 4a in the housing 3 and may be constructed as venturi valves.
  • a blasting material suction flow which is as uniform as possible should be formed between the air curtain 33 and the contact opening 30, and not a flow structure with substantial whirling.
  • secondary air and/or compressed air must be introduced into the region behind the air curtain 33 close to the facade.
  • at least one secondary-air opening 35 can be provided in the upper enclosure surface 5a to let in secondary air.
  • the secondary-air opening 5a may be constructed as a pressure-reducing valve or can be adjusted via a secondary-air regulator.
  • the air inlet device also has at least one additional inlet nozzle 36 and a proportioning device 37 in addition to at least one air nozzle 34 for the air curtain 33.
  • the inlet nozzle 36 is arranged in the region of the upper enclosure surface 5a between the air nozzle 34 and the contact opening and, in combination with the suction, excites a uniform suction flow of blasting material.
  • the nozzle 36 can be formed by point nozzles or strip nozzles or as a surface nozzle, e.g. of porous material.
  • a desired flow structure can be excited within the entire working area 2 by a suitable construction of the nozzles 34 and 36 and by appropriate distribution of the compressed air to the nozzles 34 and 36 by means of the proportioning device 37.
  • a proportioning control can be provided for regulating the distribution depending on operation and is connected with the control unit 22 for this purpose, e.g. via the control line 17.
  • At least one sensor 38 is provided between the air curtain 33 and the contact opening 30, preferably in the region of the upper enclosure surface 5a.
  • This sensor 38 determines the pressure or preferably a magnitude depending on the particle concentration, in particular by means of optical measuring methods.
  • the sensor is connected to an evaluating and control device 39 which is preferably connected in turn with the proportioning device 37 and possibly with the control unit 22 via a line 17a and 17. In this way the air input through the air nozzles 34 and 36 as well as the suction power and, in every case, the output of the jet nozzle can be changed automatically as a function of the value measured by the sensor.
  • a surface 1' to be cleaned is arranged in the working area 2, rather than at a contact opening 30, and a closed wall 40 is connected to the lateral enclosure surfaces 5 rather than the contact opening 30 at the housing 3.
  • the surface 1' is that of a workpiece 41 which is held by a holding device 42 in the working space 2.
  • the holding device 42 preferably has an arm 44 which is fastened at one end via a guide device 43 at the housing 2 and, at the other end, carries a preferably rotatable fastening device 45 for fastening the workpiece 41.
  • the workpiece 41 must be rotated in the working area so that every part on the surface of the workpiece 41 is accessible from the work opening 31b.
  • An inlet nozzle preferably a surface nozzle 36a made of porous material, for example, is arranged above the workpiece 41 in the region of the surface 1' to be cleaned for supplying the suction flow 48.
  • the surface nozzle 36a is supplied with gas, in particular compressed air, via a feed line 46 and a proportioning device 47.
  • At least one first exhaust opening 49 is arranged preferably below a grate 50 in order to carry off the suction flow 48.
  • the air nozzle 34 is arranged at an enclosure surface 5 and at least one second exhaust opening 51 is arranged at an opposite enclosure surface 5 directly adjoining the work opening 31b in order to generate the air curtain.
  • the first circulating flow carries dirt particles and, as the case may be, blasting material out of the working area 2 and the second circulating flow forms the air curtain.
  • the air of the air curtain need not be guided through the dust extracting installation and the two flows 33 and 48 can be excited in the working area 2 in different directions, in particular in opposite directions or substantially vertically relative to one another.
  • different gases may be used for the two flows.
  • the two separate circulating flows can also be advantageously used in a construction without a closing wall 40.
  • the work opening 31b could also be provided in the upper enclosure surface 5a and the air curtain could be provided horizontally along this upper enclosure surface 5a.
  • the first circulating flow could also be aligned horizontally. Accordingly, it will be seen that a number of inventive embodiment forms can be provided to adapt to the cleaning job in question.
  • FIG. 5 shows a preferred construction of the sealing device 6 which ensures a good sealing of the working area 2 toward the outside even in facades with a plurality of elements projecting out of the plane of the facade, e.g. molding and shoulders.
  • the inventive idea underlying the solution consists in restricting the transmission of surface forces to small partial areas in the projecting contacting surface 55 of the sealing device 6.
  • a contacting layer 56 of foamed material against the contacting surface 55 must be divided into closely adjoining individual foamed-material projections 57 which can be compressed individually. No surface forces are transmitted between different projections 57 and the contacting surface 55 can accordingly adjoin the shoulders 58 of the facade in a discontinuous manner. If the contacting surface 55 were continuous, it would also maintain a continuous form over shoulders 58 projecting at right angles from the facade 1 so as to form gaps between the facade 1 and the sealing device 6 at both sides of such shoulders 58.
  • the projections 57 are arranged in at least one longitudinal strip or web 59 substantially along the sealing device 6 or around the contact opening. Since a projection 57 lying exactly in the region of a shoulder edge does not closely contact this edge, a plurality of longitudinal webs 59 are preferably arranged, as is shown in FIG. 5b, in such a way that the protruding projections 57 of different webs are offset relative to one another.
  • the projections 57 of different webs 59 could also have different lengths in the longitudinal direction of the web. Due to the offsetting and the difference in length of the projections 57, projection sides occur at close intervals so that only small gaps, if any, will be formed as a result of shoulders.
  • the contacting layer 56 can also have a tubular construction. In so doing, a low pressure is built up in the interior so that the chamber-like projections 57 maintain the desired ability to deform.
  • the contacting layer is preferably fastened to a tube member 60 associated with the sealing device 6, which tube member 60 is filled with compressed air, in particular under high pressure.
  • the tube member 60 can also be made up of different portions.
  • a Velcro-type fastening system is preferably provided so that the contacting layer 56 may be exchanged easily.
  • a Velcro fastening can also be provided for fastening the tube member 60, of which there is at least one, to the enclosure surface 5.
US08/262,155 1993-07-01 1994-06-20 Process and device for cleaning of surfaces Expired - Fee Related US5502868A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01978/93 1993-07-01
CH197893 1993-07-01

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US (1) US5502868A (de)
EP (1) EP0631849B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE170437T1 (de)
DE (1) DE59406808D1 (de)

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US6493902B2 (en) * 2001-02-22 2002-12-17 Chung-Yi Lin Automatic wall cleansing apparatus
US20030024552A1 (en) * 2000-03-29 2003-02-06 M.T. System Co., Ltd. Air conditioner cleaning device and method for cleaning an air conditioner
US20040226584A1 (en) * 2003-05-14 2004-11-18 Michael Guest Multifunctional surface cleaning machine and method of using the same
US20050111911A1 (en) * 2003-11-21 2005-05-26 Srecko Zdravkovic Self-piercing fastening system
US20050132527A1 (en) * 2003-05-14 2005-06-23 Roger Pedlar Apparatus for floor cleaning and treatment
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US20110023248A1 (en) * 2009-07-29 2011-02-03 Karcher North America, Inc. Selectively Adjustable Steering Mechanism for Use on a Floor Cleaning Machine
USD654234S1 (en) 2010-12-08 2012-02-14 Karcher North America, Inc. Vacuum bag
USD693529S1 (en) 2012-09-10 2013-11-12 Karcher North America, Inc. Floor cleaning device
US8887340B2 (en) 2003-05-14 2014-11-18 Kärcher North America, Inc. Floor cleaning apparatus
US8978190B2 (en) 2011-06-28 2015-03-17 Karcher North America, Inc. Removable pad for interconnection to a high-speed driver system
US9192955B2 (en) 2010-07-07 2015-11-24 Spuitkorf B.V. Device for carrying out surface treatment
USD907868S1 (en) 2019-01-24 2021-01-12 Karcher North America, Inc. Floor cleaner
WO2023061546A1 (en) * 2021-10-15 2023-04-20 Bros Holding Aps Scalable cabin system for spot processing of a surface, mobile cabin, and method hereto

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WO2013105001A2 (en) * 2013-05-07 2013-07-18 Wasfi Alshdaifat In-cage motorized glass cleaner apparatus
DE102014117871B3 (de) * 2014-12-04 2016-05-12 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung mit Emissionsschutz
JP6540821B2 (ja) * 2015-11-09 2019-07-10 日産自動車株式会社 表面処理装置および表面処理方法

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EP0631849A1 (de) 1995-01-04
ATE170437T1 (de) 1998-09-15
EP0631849B1 (de) 1998-09-02
DE59406808D1 (de) 1998-10-08

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