US5399344A - Synergistic fly attractant composition - Google Patents

Synergistic fly attractant composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US5399344A
US5399344A US07/870,440 US87044092A US5399344A US 5399344 A US5399344 A US 5399344A US 87044092 A US87044092 A US 87044092A US 5399344 A US5399344 A US 5399344A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
attractant
fly
pheromone
composition
aqueous solution
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US07/870,440
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English (en)
Inventor
Kim W. Yang
David R. Kinzer
Ronald B. Winslow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Novartis AG
Original Assignee
Sandoz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sandoz AG filed Critical Sandoz AG
Priority to US07/870,440 priority Critical patent/US5399344A/en
Assigned to SANDOZ LTD. reassignment SANDOZ LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: WINSLOW, RONALD B., KINZER, DAVID R., YANG, KIM W.
Priority to HU9300969A priority patent/HU216432B/hu
Priority to DE69303317T priority patent/DE69303317T2/de
Priority to EP93810256A priority patent/EP0566538B1/de
Priority to ES93810256T priority patent/ES2090935T3/es
Priority to DK93810256.3T priority patent/DK0566538T3/da
Priority to AT93810256T priority patent/ATE139668T1/de
Priority to TR93/0291A priority patent/TR26495A/xx
Priority to IL105371A priority patent/IL105371A/xx
Priority to CZ93643A priority patent/CZ283585B6/cs
Priority to KR1019930006184A priority patent/KR100281620B1/ko
Priority to CA002093977A priority patent/CA2093977C/en
Priority to SK345-93A priority patent/SK281952B6/sk
Priority to PL93298498A priority patent/PL172633B1/pl
Priority to RU93004673A priority patent/RU2129369C1/ru
Priority to JP08853493A priority patent/JP3612340B2/ja
Priority to EG23193A priority patent/EG20147A/xx
Priority to BR9301550A priority patent/BR9301550A/pt
Priority to HR07/870,440A priority patent/HRP930816B1/xx
Priority to MX9302188A priority patent/MX9302188A/es
Priority to ZA932699A priority patent/ZA932699B/xx
Priority to TW082102956A priority patent/TW235227B/zh
Priority to US08/346,048 priority patent/US5679363A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US5399344A publication Critical patent/US5399344A/en
Priority to GR960401911T priority patent/GR3020543T3/el
Assigned to NOVARTIS AG reassignment NOVARTIS AG CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SANDOZ LTD.
Assigned to JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT reassignment JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: T.F.H. PUBLICATIONS, INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to T.F.H. PUBLICATIONS, INC. reassignment T.F.H. PUBLICATIONS, INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/02Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • This invention concerns the preparation of a composition comprising a trialkylamine salt and a carboxylic acid alkali salt which when dissolved in an appropriate aqueous solution produces a fly attractant composition.
  • the attractancy activity of the binary mixture of a trialkylamine salt and a carboxylic acid alkali salt can be increased by the addition of an appropriate pheromone which may result in a synergistic attractant composition.
  • Methods of using the subject compositions include delivery of the separate components, either as solids or formulated in an appropriate solvent, to an appropriate aqueous solution or formulation of the separate components into binary or trinary mixtures and sealing in for example ampoules, water soluble packages or pouches, tablets, pellets, incorporation into soluble polymers or other general methods of encapsulation.
  • SFA synthetic fly attractant
  • the SFA composition proved to be more effective as a fly attractant than the individual components tested separately or than sugar-bait formulations of the fly pheromone cis-9-tricosene, here after referred to as muscalure. While addition of various carboxylic acids enhanced the general fly attractancy activity of the SFA, the observed activity enhancement with n-butyric acid was not significant compared to SFA formulations without the acid.
  • a fly attractant composition composed of indole or skatole, t-he pheromone muscalure and trimethylamine hydrochloride incorporated in a suitable carrier.
  • the pheromone was included in the synthetic fly attractant composed of trimethylamine hydrochloride and indole or skatole to serve as a sex attractant in order to act to remove a proportionally greater number of females than males so as to significantly impact succeeding fly generations.
  • the present invention provides a method for the preparation of a composition for the attraction of insects which utilizes various components known to possess fly attractant properties but as the result of changes in the physical properties of some of the components as well as a synergistic effect between others results in a greater attractive effect than the individual components alone.
  • the present invention also provides a means for producing a stable, non-odorous formulation of the components, either individually or in combination, which upon mixing with an aqueous solution produces the insect attractancy effect.
  • Aqueous solutions are solutions made from, with or by water.
  • appropriate aqueous solutions include water or an organic solvent which can be mixed with water so that the weight percent of water in the solution is equal to or greater than five percent.
  • Organic solvents include, but are not limited to, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol or propanol. While in its preferred embodiment the organic solvent forms a homogenous solution with water, the aqueous solution may also be heterogenous where the organic solvent and water are not directly miscible.
  • the present invention pertains to an attractant composition produced when a trialkylamine salt is combined with an alkali salt of a carboxylic acid in the presence of water. Addition of a pheromone to this attractant composition results in a further composition whose attractancy activity is greater than found for the original attractant composition or the pheromone separately. Where the pheromone added to the attractant composition of a trialkylamine salt and a carboxylic acid alkali salt is muscalure, the attractant composition is a highly efficacious agent for the attraction of synanthropic flies to a specific location, such as a trap or toxic bait.
  • the first ingredient is a trialkylamine salt where the alkyl groups are selected from methyl or ethyl.
  • trialkylamines known to serve as fly attractants, trimethylamine is preferred, but due to its gaseous nature, an inorganic salt of trimethylamine is used. While numerous salts of trialkylamines are known, including hydrohalides and hydrosulfates, the trialkylamine salt most commonly employed is trimethylamine hydrochloride. Upon contact with water, the trimethylamine salt readily dissociates and releases trimethylamine which in turn stimulates a favorable olfactory response in flies.
  • trimethylamine hydrochloride as the constituent to provide the trimethylamine gas is an attractive composition as it has a considerably less noxious odor to humans until the dissociation in the presence of water takes place.
  • concentration of this component is determined by the unit of measure and the volume of appropriate aqueous solution into which the unit is to be added.
  • the second ingredient is an alkali salt of a C 2 to C 18 linear or branched and saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid. While various free carboxylic acids are known to be attractive to flies (Mulla, 1984), those of lower molecular weight are not readily utilized as components of attractant compositions due to their strong, unpleasant odor to humans (Mulla, 1977). However, the use of alkali salts of carboxylic acids offers an advantage over the corresponding free carboxylic acids in that the corresponding alkali salts are 1) non-volatile thus eliminating unpleasant odors which are characteristic of the lower molecular weight acids (e.g. C 3 to C 8 ) until activated by water; 2) less corrosive than the corresponding free acid and thus 3) easier and safer to handle.
  • the corresponding alkali salts are 1) non-volatile thus eliminating unpleasant odors which are characteristic of the lower molecular weight acids (e.g. C 3 to C 8 ) until activated by water; 2) less corrosive than the corresponding
  • the preferable carboxylic acid alkali salt is sodium n-butyrate.
  • concentration of this component is determined by the unit of measure and the volume of appropriate aqueous solution into which the unit is to be added.
  • the use of the binary mixture of a trialkylamine salt and an alkali salt of a carboxylic acid allows for the slow release of insect attractant when combined in the presence of water.
  • the trialkylamine salt and the alkali salt of the carboxylic acid form a stable intermediate salt which then slowly dissociates releasing the attractant substances, trimethylamine and the carboxylic acid.
  • a possible third constituent is a pheromone, selected for its ability to attract a desired species of insect.
  • Pheromones are chemical substances produced by animals which serve as a stimulus to other individuals of the same species for one or more behavioral responses including but not limited to sex, food, aggregation or oviposition lures.
  • a sex pheromone is broadly defined as a substance released by one member of a species to attract the opposite member for the purpose of mating.
  • a large number of pheromones have been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,046,280, the contents of which in this respect are incorporated herein by reference. Where in the present invention it is desired to attract flies, the pheromone of choice is muscalure. Muscalure is produced by the female fly and can serve both as an aggregative and sex attractant.
  • the fly attractant compositions according to the present invention may be used in mechanical as well as non-mechanical traps including sticky traps. They may also be used with a toxicant or toxic bait to which the fly is lured by the fly attractant.
  • the components can be delivered in pure solid form or incorporated in an appropriate carrier; formulated with appropriate organic solvents and delivered as a solution; sealed in ampoules or water soluble packets or pouches; formulated into tablets, pellets or gels; incorporated into soluble polymers; encapsulated or other appropriate forms of delivery.
  • the test method utilized addition of the synergistic attractant composition to Fly Terminator Traps, sold by Farnam Companies, Inc. of Phoenix, Ariz., a non-insecticidal containing trap consisting of a wide mouth one gallon plastic jar filled with one-half gallon of water and fitted with a screw-on cover device.
  • the cover device approximately 4" high, consisted of a hanger, a domed cover, and a baffle with openings to the jar to allow the attractant to escape and the flies to enter. Upon entering the jar through the cover, the flies were unable to escape and eventually drowned in the water solution.
  • the traps were suspended in the shade at one to two feet above the base of feed bunks which provided an environment for large numbers of flies.
  • Examples of synanthropic flies attracted to the traps included house fly, lesser house fly, blow fly, flesh flies and eye gnats.
  • the attractant candidate test materials were individually measured into separate water soluble polyvinylacetate (PVA) packets and sealed. Individual packets contained 0.065 g of muscalure formulated on sugar; 3.30 g of sodium n-butyrate and 2.87 g of trimethylamine hydrochloride.
  • the synergistic fly attractant composition C As noted from the data, after two days the synergistic fly attractant composition C attracted an average of 2.1 times as many flies for all three concentrations studied (C1, C2 and C3) as were attracted with the standard Farnam Fly Attractant. After ten days, the synergistic fly attractant composition C attracted an average of 1.6 time as many flies for all three concentrations studied (C1, C2, C3) compared with the standard. After 14 days, the synergistic fly attractant composition C attracted an average of 1.5 times as many flies for all three concentrations examined (C1, C2, C3) compared to the standard.
  • composition C proved more effective at all concentrations with regards to the number of flies attracted than the commercial standard.
  • the components of the present invention may be delivered as a unit measure of each individual component as pure compound from a bulk reservoir; or a unit measure of packets soluble in aqueous solution which individually contain pure or formulated compound; or a unit measure of packets soluble in aqueous solution where each packet contains a given measure of the components formulated together; or a unit measure of formulated tablets, pellets or gels which individually contain pure compound; or a unit measure of formulated tablets, pellets or gels which contain a given measure of the components formulated together; or a unit measure of a soluble polymer containing a measure of pure compound; or a soluble polymer containing a measure of the components formulated together; or a unit measure of pure or formulated components in an ampoule; or a unit of measure of pure or combined components which have been encapsulated.
  • the synergistic fly attractant composition of the present invention may be used in conjunction with mechanical or non-mechanical traps, electrocutors, scatter bait or in conjunction with one or more insecticidal agents.
  • insecticidal agents include, but are not limited to: organophosphates such as bomyl, dimethyl 3-hydroxy glutaconate dimethyl phosphate or dichlorvos, 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate or methomyl, S-methyl-N-((methylcarbamoyl)oxy)-thioacetimidate; carbamates such as propoxur, 2-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl methylcarbamate or carbofuran, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate; nitromethylene heterocycles such as tetrahydro-2-(nitromethylene)-2H-1,3-triazine or other analogs such as disclosed in U.S.
  • insect growth regulators such as methoprene, isopropyl (2E, 4E)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2-4-dodecadienoateorhydroprene, ethyl (2E, 4E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate
  • biological insecticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki or B.t. var. israelensis.
  • the percentage of weight of insecticide added to the attractant composition for the desirable results is determined in part by the toxicity of the insecticide selected and is generally within the range of 0.05%.to 15% by weight of the final solution.
  • synergistic fly attractant composition of the present invention may be used in conjunction with non-insecticidal mechanical bait traps as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,908,977 and 5,046,280, the contents of which in this respect are incorporated herein by reference, as well as sticky traps and Fly Snippers.
  • the fly attractant composition of the present invention may be used in conjunction with scatter bait including Golden Malrin and Improved Golden Malrin (Zoecon Corp., Dallas, Tex.).
  • the components of the fly attractant composition can be brought together in an appropriate aqueous solution and poured either directly on the general area in which the scatter bait is placed or in to a container, which would allow for dispersion of the evolved attractant gases, near the area of the scattered bait.
  • dispersing agents such as xanthin gum or alcohol, preservatives, conditioners, and the like maybe variously employed in combination with the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention claimed.
US07/870,440 1992-04-16 1992-04-16 Synergistic fly attractant composition Expired - Lifetime US5399344A (en)

Priority Applications (24)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/870,440 US5399344A (en) 1992-04-16 1992-04-16 Synergistic fly attractant composition
HU9300969A HU216432B (hu) 1992-04-16 1993-04-02 Légycsalogató kompozíció és egységadagokban kiszerelt légycsalogató készítmények
AT93810256T ATE139668T1 (de) 1992-04-16 1993-04-08 Synergistische fliegenlockmischung
EP93810256A EP0566538B1 (de) 1992-04-16 1993-04-08 Synergistische Fliegenlockmischung
ES93810256T ES2090935T3 (es) 1992-04-16 1993-04-08 Composicion sinergica atrayente de moscas.
DK93810256.3T DK0566538T3 (da) 1992-04-16 1993-04-08 Synergistisk fluetrækkende sammensætning
DE69303317T DE69303317T2 (de) 1992-04-16 1993-04-08 Synergistische Fliegenlockmischung
TR93/0291A TR26495A (tr) 1992-04-16 1993-04-12 Sinerjistik sinek cekici bilesim
IL105371A IL105371A (en) 1992-04-16 1993-04-14 Synergistic fly attractant composition comprising trialkyl amine salt and an alkali salt of a saturated or unsaturated acid
CZ93643A CZ283585B6 (cs) 1992-04-16 1993-04-14 Synergický směsný atraktant pro mouchy
KR1019930006184A KR100281620B1 (ko) 1992-04-16 1993-04-14 상승 효과가 있는 파리 유인제 조성물
CA002093977A CA2093977C (en) 1992-04-16 1993-04-14 Synergistic fly attractant composition
SK345-93A SK281952B6 (sk) 1992-04-16 1993-04-14 Zmesový atraktant na hmyz a jeho použitie
PL93298498A PL172633B1 (pl) 1992-04-16 1993-04-14 Synergiczna kompozycja do wabienia owadów PL PL PL PL
RU93004673A RU2129369C1 (ru) 1992-04-16 1993-04-15 Синергическая композиция, привлекающая мух
MX9302188A MX9302188A (es) 1992-04-16 1993-04-15 Composicion para atraer insectos y metodo para su preparacion.
JP08853493A JP3612340B2 (ja) 1992-04-16 1993-04-15 相乗性羽虫誘引性組成物
EG23193A EG20147A (en) 1992-04-16 1993-04-15 Synergistic fly attractant composition
BR9301550A BR9301550A (pt) 1992-04-16 1993-04-15 Composicao para atracao de insetos,processo para preparacao da mesma,processo para controlar uma populacao de insetos e sistema de liberacao pre-embalado
HR07/870,440A HRP930816B1 (en) 1992-04-16 1993-04-15 Synergetic fly attractant composition
ZA932699A ZA932699B (en) 1992-04-16 1993-04-16 Synergistic fly attractant composition
TW082102956A TW235227B (de) 1992-04-16 1993-04-17
US08/346,048 US5679363A (en) 1992-04-16 1994-11-29 Synergistic fly attractant composition
GR960401911T GR3020543T3 (en) 1992-04-16 1996-07-16 Synergistic fly attractant composition

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/870,440 US5399344A (en) 1992-04-16 1992-04-16 Synergistic fly attractant composition

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US08/346,048 Continuation US5679363A (en) 1992-04-16 1994-11-29 Synergistic fly attractant composition

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US5399344A true US5399344A (en) 1995-03-21

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US07/870,440 Expired - Lifetime US5399344A (en) 1992-04-16 1992-04-16 Synergistic fly attractant composition
US08/346,048 Expired - Lifetime US5679363A (en) 1992-04-16 1994-11-29 Synergistic fly attractant composition

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US08/346,048 Expired - Lifetime US5679363A (en) 1992-04-16 1994-11-29 Synergistic fly attractant composition

Country Status (23)

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US (2) US5399344A (de)
EP (1) EP0566538B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3612340B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100281620B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE139668T1 (de)
BR (1) BR9301550A (de)
CA (1) CA2093977C (de)
CZ (1) CZ283585B6 (de)
DE (1) DE69303317T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0566538T3 (de)
EG (1) EG20147A (de)
ES (1) ES2090935T3 (de)
GR (1) GR3020543T3 (de)
HR (1) HRP930816B1 (de)
HU (1) HU216432B (de)
IL (1) IL105371A (de)
MX (1) MX9302188A (de)
PL (1) PL172633B1 (de)
RU (1) RU2129369C1 (de)
SK (1) SK281952B6 (de)
TR (1) TR26495A (de)
TW (1) TW235227B (de)
ZA (1) ZA932699B (de)

Cited By (21)

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US5690950A (en) * 1994-10-25 1997-11-25 Biospherics, Inc. Insecticidal aliphatic carboxylic acid compositons
WO1998007316A1 (en) * 1996-08-23 1998-02-26 The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture A novel trapping system for mediterranean fruit flies
US5775026A (en) * 1996-03-29 1998-07-07 Novartis Ag Insect bait and control station
US6576214B2 (en) 2000-12-08 2003-06-10 Hydrocarbon Technologies, Inc. Catalytic direct production of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen feeds
US6593299B1 (en) 1999-04-21 2003-07-15 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Compositions and methods for controlling pests
US20040242699A1 (en) * 2003-05-28 2004-12-02 Bug Buster Ltd. Compounds to affect insect behavior and to enhance insecticides
US20050014635A1 (en) * 2003-07-14 2005-01-20 Bing Zhou Supported catalysts having a controlled coordination structure and methods for preparing such catalysts
US20050014636A1 (en) * 2003-07-14 2005-01-20 Bing Zhou Intermediate precursor compositions used to make supported catalysts having a controlled coordination structure and methods for preparing such compositions
US20050025697A1 (en) * 2003-07-29 2005-02-03 Michael Rueter Precesses and compositions for direct catalytic hydrogen peroxide production
US6884878B2 (en) 1999-04-21 2005-04-26 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Neuropeptides and their use for pest control
US20050142160A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-06-30 Hiscox William C. Active attractant composition for insects
US20060002847A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2006-01-05 Michael Rueter Direct hydrogen peroxide production using staged hydrogen addition
US20060102521A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2006-05-18 Bing Zhou Reforming nanocatalysts and method of making and using such catalysts
US20060116286A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2006-06-01 Bing Zhou Multicomponent nanoparticles formed using a dispersing agent
US20060189690A1 (en) * 2003-11-14 2006-08-24 Dunham Charles F Compounds to affect insect behavior and/or bird behavior
US20060243641A1 (en) * 2003-07-14 2006-11-02 Bing Zhou Reforming catalysts having a controlled coordination structure and methods for preparing such compositions
US20070049488A1 (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-01 Clementine Reyes Low temperature preparation of supported nanoparticle catalysts having increased dispersion
US20070071786A1 (en) * 2005-09-27 2007-03-29 Suterra Llc Wax emulsion compositions for attracting insects and methods of using the same
US20070219083A1 (en) * 2006-03-17 2007-09-20 Headwaters Nanokinetix, Inc. Stable concentrated metal colloids and methods of making same
US20090114568A1 (en) * 2006-05-16 2009-05-07 Horacio Trevino Reforming nanocatalysts and methods of making and using such catalysts
US7563742B2 (en) 2006-09-22 2009-07-21 Headwaters Technology Innovation, Llc Supported nickel catalysts having high nickel loading and high metal dispersion and methods of making same

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CN1069812C (zh) * 1997-11-13 2001-08-22 中国科学院动物研究所 一种灭蝇诱饵
CN1067448C (zh) * 1998-05-18 2001-06-20 西安交通大学 家蝇性引诱剂(z)-9-二十三碳烯的电化学合成方法
US6546667B1 (en) 2000-09-07 2003-04-15 Bayside Holdings, Inc. Fly trap and a bait therefor
JP2007254363A (ja) * 2006-03-23 2007-10-04 Earth Chem Corp Ltd 経口誘引殺虫剤組成物、誘引殺虫器および経口誘引殺虫方法
CN102740688A (zh) * 2009-11-13 2012-10-17 国立大学法人冈山大学 利用白蚁卵的挥发性召集信息素和蚁后信息素的驱除技术
CA2784983A1 (en) * 2010-01-06 2011-07-14 Sterling International Inc. Synergistic attractants for pestiferous social insects
RU2444192C2 (ru) * 2010-06-16 2012-03-10 Эдуард Петрович Зинкевич Искусственный феромонный комплекс-аттарактант для грызунов-вредителей
JP7016486B2 (ja) * 2017-02-08 2022-02-07 慈子 合田 昆虫誘引剤

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Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5690950A (en) * 1994-10-25 1997-11-25 Biospherics, Inc. Insecticidal aliphatic carboxylic acid compositons
US5775026A (en) * 1996-03-29 1998-07-07 Novartis Ag Insect bait and control station
WO1998007316A1 (en) * 1996-08-23 1998-02-26 The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture A novel trapping system for mediterranean fruit flies
US5766617A (en) * 1996-08-23 1998-06-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Trapping system for mediterranean fruit flies
US20030232004A1 (en) * 1998-08-26 2003-12-18 Bing Zhou Supported noble metal, phase-controlled catalyst and methods for making and using the catalyst
US6919065B2 (en) 1998-08-26 2005-07-19 Hydrocarbon Technologies, Inc. Supported noble metal, phase-controlled catalyst and methods for making and using the catalyst
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IL105371A (en) 1997-07-13
HRP930816A2 (en) 1996-10-31
DE69303317T2 (de) 1996-12-05
CA2093977C (en) 2004-01-20
KR930021063A (ko) 1993-11-22
BR9301550A (pt) 1993-11-16
TW235227B (de) 1994-12-01
DE69303317D1 (de) 1996-08-01
RU2129369C1 (ru) 1999-04-27
PL298498A1 (en) 1993-10-18
EP0566538A1 (de) 1993-10-20
IL105371A0 (en) 1993-08-18
CZ64393A3 (en) 1994-01-19
KR100281620B1 (ko) 2001-02-15
SK34593A3 (en) 1993-11-10
GR3020543T3 (en) 1996-10-31
ZA932699B (en) 1994-10-16
US5679363A (en) 1997-10-21
HRP930816B1 (en) 1998-08-31
DK0566538T3 (da) 1996-10-14
HU216432B (hu) 1999-06-28
PL172633B1 (pl) 1997-10-31
CA2093977A1 (en) 1993-10-17
ES2090935T3 (es) 1996-10-16
EP0566538B1 (de) 1996-06-26
CZ283585B6 (cs) 1998-05-13
TR26495A (tr) 1995-03-15
MX9302188A (es) 1994-03-31
JPH0624909A (ja) 1994-02-01
JP3612340B2 (ja) 2005-01-19
EG20147A (en) 1997-07-31
SK281952B6 (sk) 2001-09-11
HUT65078A (en) 1994-04-28
ATE139668T1 (de) 1996-07-15

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