US5152628A - Ball-and-socket joint - Google Patents

Ball-and-socket joint Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US5152628A
US5152628A US07/770,856 US77085691A US5152628A US 5152628 A US5152628 A US 5152628A US 77085691 A US77085691 A US 77085691A US 5152628 A US5152628 A US 5152628A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
ball
joint housing
socket joint
bearing shell
joint
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US07/770,856
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lothar Broszat
Hans-Joachim Schutt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TRW Fahrwerksysteme GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
TRW Fahrwerksysteme GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TRW Fahrwerksysteme GmbH and Co KG filed Critical TRW Fahrwerksysteme GmbH and Co KG
Assigned to TRW EHRENREICH GMBH & CO. KG reassignment TRW EHRENREICH GMBH & CO. KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BROSZAT, LOTHAR, SCHUTT, HANS-JOACHIM
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US5152628A publication Critical patent/US5152628A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0628—Construction or details of the socket member with linings
    • F16C11/0633—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics
    • F16C11/0638—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics characterised by geometrical details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0657—Construction or details of the socket member the socket member being mainly made of plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0666—Sealing means between the socket and the inner member shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0685—Manufacture of ball-joints and parts thereof, e.g. assembly of ball-joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/20—Thermoplastic resins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2226/00—Joining parts; Fastening; Assembling or mounting parts
    • F16C2226/30—Material joints
    • F16C2226/36—Material joints by welding
    • F16C2226/38—Material joints by welding with ultrasonic welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
    • F16C2300/02—General use or purpose, i.e. no use, purpose, special adaptation or modification indicated or a wide variety of uses mentioned
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C7/00—Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends; Construction of connecting-rod heads
    • F16C7/02—Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32737—Universal ball and socket including liner, shim, or discrete seat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32737—Universal ball and socket including liner, shim, or discrete seat
    • Y10T403/32778—Completely spacing the members

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to a ball-and-socket joint with a ball-ended spindle encompassing a spherical head and a link pin, which is movably mounted in a joint housing of pot-like interior configuration, while the spherical head is movably mounted in a one-piece, plastic bearing shell contained within the joint housing, and the bearing shell has, on the pin side, an annular shoulder extending radially outward, which rests against the face of the joint housing on the aperture side.
  • German Pat. (OLS) No. 3,905,474 is a ball-and-socket joint with a plastic ball-bearing seat for the spherical section of a ball-ended spindle.
  • this ball-bearing seat On its closed side, this ball-bearing seat has an inner, annular recess and is made of a hard plastic, which imparts adequate installation elasticity to the annular recess.
  • the ball-bearing seat is also designed with an upper and a lower tapered section
  • German Pat. (OLS) No. 3,843,331 is a ball-and-socket joint with a ball-ended spindle encompassing a spherical head and a link pin, while the spherical head of the ball-ended spindle is contained within a plastic ball-bearing seat of the ball-and-socket joint.
  • the plastic bearing seat is provided with engagement sections, at least one of which is bent over the adjoining end of the housing by the application of heat.
  • the objective of the invention is to specify an easily producible and dependably functioning connection between the bearing-seat shoulder and the face of the housing.
  • This ball-and-socket joint of the invention consists of only three individual parts and is easily produced and assembled, while the bearing shell is securely joined with the joint housing in such a way that an air- and dust-tight seal results.
  • the bearing shell can be simply united with the joint housing, for instance, by gluing the shoulder of the bearing shell to the face of the joint housing. Such union is possible even when the joint housing is made of metal and the bearing shell is made of plastic.
  • the union of the shoulder with the joint housing is established by way of either ultrasonic or frictional welding.
  • the bearing shell and shoulder, as well as the joint housing be made of an identical plastic matrix.
  • simplification of the assembly of the components and improvement of the union between the shoulder and the joint housing are achieved by means of a land encircling the shoulder, which engages in a groove in the face of the joint housing.
  • a land encircling the joint housing engages in an annular groove in the shoulder.
  • a ball-and-socket joint in keeping with this second embodiment form of the invention has the same advantages as described above.
  • the spherical head is mounted in the bearing shell under pretension, so that the ball-and-socket joint retains adequate torque even after a longer period of use. Furthermore, this pretension tends to compensate wear of the bearing shell and any production tolerances.
  • assembly is facilitated due to the fact that the inner rim of the bearing shell has slits running in the meridional direction. Ideally, the bearing shell has four slits offset by 90° in each case.
  • An advantage of another design of the ball-and-socket joint lies in the fact that the shoulder has a band projecting radially outward, which, in conjunction with the face of the joint housing, forms an annular groove for a sealing diaphragm. This diaphragm is preferably secured in the groove by a tension ring.
  • yet another design of the ball-and-socket joint is advantageously characterized by the fact that the radius of the bearing shell in the area of its inner rim is smaller than the radius of the spherical head. Consequently, the inner contour of the bearing shell differs from the outer contour of the spherical head prior to the assembly of the ball-and-socket joint. By virtue of this difference, pretension is established between the spherical head and the bearing shell when the spherical head is inserted and before the shell is installed in the joint housing.
  • FIG. 1 in longitudinal cross section, a first embodiment form of an assembled ball-and-socket joint.
  • FIG. 2 the same ball-and-socket joint sectioned into an exploded view.
  • FIG. 3 in longitudinal cross section, a second embodiment form of an assembled ball-and-socket joint.
  • FIG. 4 the same ball-and-socket joint sectioned into an exploded view.
  • the ball-and-socket joint has a ball-ended spindle (3) encompassing a spherical head (1) and a link pin (2).
  • the end (4) of the link pin (2) has a screw thread (5).
  • the spherical head (1) is movably retained in a bearing shell (6), which is contained within a joint housing (7).
  • the bearing shell (6) has four slits (9), which run in the meridional direction and are offset by 90° in each case.
  • the radius (r) of the bearing shell (6) in front of the juncture of the bearing shell (6) and the spherical head (1) is smaller than the radius (R) of the spherical head (1).
  • the shoulder (11) has an encircling land (13), which engages in an annular groove (14) in the face (12) of the joint housing (7).
  • the ball-and-socket joint illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 differs from the embodiment form described above, in that the joint housing (7) has a land (13) encircling its face (12), which engages in an annular groove (14) in the shoulder (11).
  • the spherical head (1) of the ball-ended spindle (3) is first forced through the aperture at the rim (8) of the bearing shell (6). Then the bearing shell (6), together with the ball-ended spindle (3), is inserted into the joint housing (7) in such a way that the land (13) engages in the annular groove (14). The plastic bearing shell (6) and the plastic joint housing (7) are then joined together by an ultrasonic weld (30), so that even wen the tolerances of the components differ, there is a play-free fit of the spherical head (1) in the bearing shell (6) and of the bearing shell (6) in the joint housing (7). Finally, the sealing diaphragm (17) is secured by the tension rings (18, 20) to the shoulder (11) of the bearing shell (6) and the link pin (2) of the ball-ended spindle (3).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
US07/770,856 1990-10-13 1991-10-03 Ball-and-socket joint Expired - Lifetime US5152628A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4032541 1990-10-13
DE4032541A DE4032541A1 (de) 1990-10-13 1990-10-13 Kugelgelenk

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5152628A true US5152628A (en) 1992-10-06

Family

ID=6416224

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US07/770,856 Expired - Lifetime US5152628A (en) 1990-10-13 1991-10-03 Ball-and-socket joint

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5152628A (fr)
EP (1) EP0481212B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2603014B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9104327A (fr)
DE (2) DE4032541A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX9101548A (fr)

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US5352059A (en) * 1991-02-14 1994-10-04 Musashi Seimitsu Kogyo Company Ltd. Synthetic resin ball joint with reinforcing rib
US5409320A (en) * 1992-08-26 1995-04-25 Stabilus Gmbh Ball-and-socket joint and method for the assembly thereof
US5489161A (en) * 1993-02-22 1996-02-06 Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. Ball joint equipped with a dust cover
US5492428A (en) * 1991-11-08 1996-02-20 Maclean-Fogg Company Ball joint assembly
GB2299368A (en) * 1995-03-30 1996-10-02 Ivor John Jauncey Socket arrangement for a ball and socket joint
US5609433A (en) * 1995-08-01 1997-03-11 Maclean-Fogg Company Ball joint link and method of producing same
US5611635A (en) * 1994-09-22 1997-03-18 Trw Fahrwerksysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg Ball joint
US5615967A (en) * 1994-06-03 1997-04-01 Maclean-Fogg Company Ball joint link
US5630672A (en) * 1995-10-30 1997-05-20 General Motors Corporation Ball and socket joint
US5676485A (en) * 1996-03-28 1997-10-14 Central Corporation Ball joint used for steering arrangement or joint of suspension system of automobile
US5678947A (en) * 1995-09-26 1997-10-21 Trw Inc. Joint assembly
US5713689A (en) * 1996-04-12 1998-02-03 Maclean-Fogg Company Ball joint link
US5772352A (en) * 1995-06-02 1998-06-30 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Ball joint having extended service life
US5782573A (en) * 1994-06-18 1998-07-21 Trw Fahrwerksysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg Ball-and-socket joint with ball retention device
US5855447A (en) * 1994-06-20 1999-01-05 Musashi Seimitsu Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ball joint assembly
EP0918168A1 (fr) 1997-11-24 1999-05-26 Mac Lean-Fogg Company Articulation à rotule
US6089950A (en) * 1998-06-01 2000-07-18 C. J. Associates, Ltd. Toy figure with articulating joints
WO2000046092A1 (fr) 1999-02-04 2000-08-10 Societe Mecanique De Villeurbanne Rotule, notamment rotule de direction ou de suspension pour vehicules automobiles, et procede de fabrication d'un coussinet pour une telle rotule
US6109816A (en) * 1996-09-30 2000-08-29 Bridgestone Corporation Stabilizer link rod, and method of manufacturing same
US6152826A (en) * 1998-04-29 2000-11-28 Hand Tool Design Corporation Impact universal joint
US6398446B1 (en) 1997-11-24 2002-06-04 Mac Lean-Fogg Company Ball joint components and methods for making same
EP1233196A2 (fr) * 2001-02-15 2002-08-21 MacLEAN-FOGG COMPANY Articulation sphérique
WO2003014585A1 (fr) * 2001-08-10 2003-02-20 Audi Ag Articulation a rotule
US6537130B1 (en) 2000-09-07 2003-03-25 C.J. Associates, Ltd. Jointed support system and method of constructing same
US6607684B1 (en) 2000-09-19 2003-08-19 C. J. Associates, Ltd. Method of making a jointed linkage support system
US20040037620A1 (en) * 2002-08-12 2004-02-26 Peter Bernhardt Ball joint
US20040092203A1 (en) * 1998-06-01 2004-05-13 C.J. Associates, Ltd. Toy figure with articulating joints
US6739789B2 (en) * 2000-10-27 2004-05-25 Dana Industrial Flanged ball pin and method for manufacturing thereof
US6802275B2 (en) 2002-09-10 2004-10-12 Tibor Schmidt Ball-and-socket assembly
WO2005010380A1 (fr) * 2003-07-22 2005-02-03 Zf Lemförder Mettalwaren Ag Articulation a rotule et son procede de production
WO2005012740A1 (fr) * 2003-07-28 2005-02-10 Trw Automotive Gmbh Articulation spherique et composant pourvu d'une telle articulation
US20050051974A1 (en) * 2003-09-09 2005-03-10 Dobson Kenneth S. Ball socket ring seal
US20070297850A1 (en) * 2006-06-13 2007-12-27 Industria Auxiliar Alavesa, S.A. (Inauxa, S.A.) Ball joint device, manufacturing process and apparatus
US20090074504A1 (en) * 2004-11-25 2009-03-19 Industria Auxilliar Alavesa, S.A. (Inauxa, S.A.) Ball joint device
US20090194946A1 (en) * 2008-01-31 2009-08-06 Zamora Gomez Ignacio Sealing for ball-and-socket joints and use thereof
US20110150562A1 (en) * 2009-12-18 2011-06-23 Kamax-Werke Rudolf Kellermann Gmbh & Co. Kg Ball Stud Fastener
US8601659B2 (en) 2011-02-10 2013-12-10 Surface Technology Holdings, Ltd. Burnishing tool and method for burnishing
US8851785B1 (en) 2009-11-17 2014-10-07 Trw Automotive U.S. Llc Ball joint
US20140339785A1 (en) * 2013-05-17 2014-11-20 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Ball joint and control arm for a motor vehicle
US20160238063A1 (en) * 2012-11-28 2016-08-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Somic Ishikawa Ball joint
US9476447B2 (en) 2008-05-21 2016-10-25 Federal-Mogul Powertrain, Inc. Ball joint assembly and method of making
US20170129040A1 (en) * 2014-06-23 2017-05-11 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Method for producing a chassis component
DE102017219515A1 (de) 2017-11-02 2019-05-02 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Geklebter, kohlefaserverstärkter Querlenker mit Kugelgelenk sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen desselben
US11608854B2 (en) 2017-08-16 2023-03-21 Multimatic Inc. Ball joint with injection molded bearing

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DE4412597C2 (de) * 1994-04-13 1997-11-27 Lemfoerder Metallwaren Ag Kugelgelenk für Fahrwerksteile in einem Kraftfahrzeug
DE4428496C2 (de) * 1994-08-11 1999-08-12 Springfix Befestigungstechnik Kugelgelenk
DE19523674C2 (de) * 1995-07-03 1998-11-05 Mero Werke Kg Halterung für plattenförmige Bauteile
DE19841410C1 (de) 1998-09-10 2000-07-20 Trw Fahrwerksyst Gmbh & Co Kugelgelenk
DE10204277B4 (de) * 2002-02-02 2012-03-22 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Kugelgelenk mit einer unter Vorspannung stehenden Lagerschale
EP1852617B1 (fr) * 2006-05-02 2014-01-15 Carl Freudenberg KG Dispositif de fixation d'un soufflet d'étanchéité
DE102006052254B4 (de) 2006-11-03 2012-12-20 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Kugelgelenk
JP2015160594A (ja) * 2014-02-28 2015-09-07 アイシン精機株式会社 車両用ドア開閉装置
JP6016979B1 (ja) * 2015-05-11 2016-10-26 Thk株式会社 ボールジョイントおよびボールジョイントの製造方法
KR101815146B1 (ko) * 2016-02-19 2018-03-15 주식회사 일진 볼 조인트 및 그 제작 방법
US10371195B2 (en) * 2016-06-01 2019-08-06 Federal-Mogul Motorparts Llc Socket assembly and method of making a socket assembly
CN111237329B (zh) * 2020-01-17 2021-04-02 株洲季元科技有限责任公司 一种轨道车辆抗侧滚扭杆装置球铰关节结构

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DE4032541C2 (fr) 1992-07-16
MX9101548A (es) 1992-06-05
JPH04258520A (ja) 1992-09-14
BR9104327A (pt) 1992-06-09
JP2603014B2 (ja) 1997-04-23
DE4032541A1 (de) 1992-04-16
EP0481212B1 (fr) 1994-07-27
EP0481212A1 (fr) 1992-04-22
DE59102339D1 (de) 1994-09-01

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