US6902345B2 - Ball joint - Google Patents

Ball joint Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US6902345B2
US6902345B2 US10/483,970 US48397004A US6902345B2 US 6902345 B2 US6902345 B2 US 6902345B2 US 48397004 A US48397004 A US 48397004A US 6902345 B2 US6902345 B2 US 6902345B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
housing
joint
ball joint
ball
bearing seat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US10/483,970
Other versions
US20040202507A1 (en
Inventor
Jaromir Kur
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
Original Assignee
Audi AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi AG filed Critical Audi AG
Assigned to AUDI AG reassignment AUDI AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KUR, JAROMIR
Publication of US20040202507A1 publication Critical patent/US20040202507A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US6902345B2 publication Critical patent/US6902345B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32737—Universal ball and socket including liner, shim, or discrete seat

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ball joint, in particular for parts of the chassis of motor vehicles, as specified in the claims.
  • a ball joint such as this is described in DE 40 32 541 A1; in this ball joint the pivot pin with joint ball is made of steel and the housing of the joint of a material possessing a significantly lower modulus of elasticity, specifically, a plastic.
  • ball joints have also been disclosed in which the joint housing consists of a light metal alloy, as for example in the case of joints integrated into vehicle chassis parts such as suspension arms and the like.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a generic ball joint of more rugged design at small additional cost.
  • the reinforcing elements may be in the form of pins which may be inserted, poured, injected, etc., into the joint housing, depending on the material.
  • the reinforcing elements are oriented so that they are positioned in the direction of application of the primary load to the joint opposite the joint ball and accordingly represent an excellent housing reinforcement and overload safety factor.
  • the ball joint may be configured to particularly great advantage in such a way that the reinforcing elements additionally perform an emergency operation function even in the event of advanced wear of the joint such that they come into direct contact with the joint ball, for example, when steel slides on steel.
  • the drawing illustrates a longitudinal section along the central axis of a ball joint having a housing of an aluminum alloy and reinforcing elements of steel mounted in the housing.
  • the ball joint 10 shown in the drawing consists essentially of a housing 12 , a bearing seat 14 , a joint ball 16 with a pivot pin 18 molded on it, a retaining ring 20 rigidly connected to the housing 12 , and a flexible-rubber sealing cup 22 . Except as otherwise described, the ball joint 10 is of conventional design.
  • the ball joint 10 and accordingly the interior of the joint are sealed off by the sealing cup 22 , which is pressed tightly by means of clamping rings 24 against the annular sealing lip 22 a on the side of the housing and against the also annular sealing lip 22 b for the pivot pin 18 .
  • a spacer ring 26 is mounted by conventional means in the area between the joint ball 16 and the pivot pin 18 .
  • the joint ball 16 is mounted pivotably and rotatably in the dome-shaped bearing seat 14 ; the bearing seat 14 may also be made up of several elements (in accordance with disclosed ball joint configurations).
  • a flexible rubber sealing ring 28 (a so-called O-ring) is mounted in an annular groove 30 in the retaining ring 20 as a second sealing element of the ball joint 10 ; this sealing ring 28 is an element which seals the area below the sealing ring 28 between joint ball 16 , bearing seat 14 , and housing 12 .
  • a suitable lubricant or joint grease is, of course, introduced into the area situated below the sealing cup 22 .
  • the joint ball 16 with pivot pin 18 is made of steel with a high modulus of elasticity and is mounted in the bearing seat 14 .
  • the bearing seat 14 is, of course, made of a suitable plastic bearing material.
  • the housing 12 of the ball joint 10 is made of an aluminum alloy.
  • Reinforcing elements 32 , 34 also made of steel having a higher modulus of elasticity are introduced into the more or less cupshaped housing 12 of the ball joint 10 .
  • the pins 32 pressed more or less vertically to the pivot pin central axis 18 a into corresponding holes in the housing 12 are mounted so that they are situated opposite each other in the direction of application of the primary load (arrow 36 ) on the joint ball 16 and are positioned relatively near the dome-shaped recess 12 a in the housing.
  • the pin 34 also of steel, is introduced as a reinforcing element into a corresponding hole in the housing 12 , the central axis of which pin is oriented more or less along the extended pivot pin central axis 18 a and more or less vertically relative to the center of the joint ball 16 .
  • a head 34 a of greater diameter the frontal surface of which facing the bearing seat 14 is shaped so as to be of a concavity corresponding to the radius of the joint ball 16 .
  • the reinforcing elements 32 , 34 can also ensure performance of an emergency operating function of the ball joint 10 in the event of extreme wear of this joint.
  • additional pins 32 may also be provided which may be oriented either vertically relative to the plane of the drawing (as illustrated) or, for example, at an angle to such plane.
  • the pin 34 may be provided in addition or as an alternative, but a plurality of pins 34 may also be mounted around the center of the ball joint.
  • Other reinforcing elements such as ones of sintered materials, ceramic materials, and so forth may also be used in place of steel reinforcing elements.
  • the housing 12 may also be produced by conventional means of plastic, if necessary with fiber reinforcement.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a ball joint (10), particularly for chassis parts of motor vehicles, comprising a joint housing (12), at least one bearing seat (14) and one pivot pin (18) with a joint ball (16), which is mounted inside the bearing seat, and comprising a sealing cup (22) between the pivot pin and the housing, whereby the pivot pin is made of steel and the housing is made of a material having a low modulus of elasticity. Reinforcements (32, 34) made of a higher strength material, particularly also of steel, are placed inside the housing in order to provide the ball joint with a stronger construction.

Description

The invention relates to a ball joint, in particular for parts of the chassis of motor vehicles, as specified in the claims.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A ball joint such as this is described in DE 40 32 541 A1; in this ball joint the pivot pin with joint ball is made of steel and the housing of the joint of a material possessing a significantly lower modulus of elasticity, specifically, a plastic. However, ball joints have also been disclosed in which the joint housing consists of a light metal alloy, as for example in the case of joints integrated into vehicle chassis parts such as suspension arms and the like.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is to propose a generic ball joint of more rugged design at small additional cost.
It is claimed for the invention that this object is attained by the features specified in the independent claim. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the additional claims.
It is claimed for the invention that use is made in the housing of reinforcing elements of a material of higher strength, in particular also of steel, one which ensures increased strength and durability for the ball joint, in a motor vehicle, for example, when the vehicle rolls over a curb.
The reinforcing elements may be in the form of pins which may be inserted, poured, injected, etc., into the joint housing, depending on the material.
By preference the reinforcing elements are oriented so that they are positioned in the direction of application of the primary load to the joint opposite the joint ball and accordingly represent an excellent housing reinforcement and overload safety factor.
The ball joint may be configured to particularly great advantage in such a way that the reinforcing elements additionally perform an emergency operation function even in the event of advanced wear of the joint such that they come into direct contact with the joint ball, for example, when steel slides on steel.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
An exemplary embodiment of the invention is described in detail in what follows. The drawing illustrates a longitudinal section along the central axis of a ball joint having a housing of an aluminum alloy and reinforcing elements of steel mounted in the housing.
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The ball joint 10 shown in the drawing consists essentially of a housing 12, a bearing seat 14, a joint ball 16 with a pivot pin 18 molded on it, a retaining ring 20 rigidly connected to the housing 12, and a flexible-rubber sealing cup 22. Except as otherwise described, the ball joint 10 is of conventional design.
The ball joint 10 and accordingly the interior of the joint are sealed off by the sealing cup 22, which is pressed tightly by means of clamping rings 24 against the annular sealing lip 22 a on the side of the housing and against the also annular sealing lip 22 b for the pivot pin 18. A spacer ring 26 is mounted by conventional means in the area between the joint ball 16 and the pivot pin 18.
The joint ball 16 is mounted pivotably and rotatably in the dome-shaped bearing seat 14; the bearing seat 14 may also be made up of several elements (in accordance with disclosed ball joint configurations).
A flexible rubber sealing ring 28 (a so-called O-ring) is mounted in an annular groove 30 in the retaining ring 20 as a second sealing element of the ball joint 10; this sealing ring 28 is an element which seals the area below the sealing ring 28 between joint ball 16, bearing seat 14, and housing 12. A suitable lubricant or joint grease is, of course, introduced into the area situated below the sealing cup 22.
The joint ball 16 with pivot pin 18 is made of steel with a high modulus of elasticity and is mounted in the bearing seat 14. The bearing seat 14 is, of course, made of a suitable plastic bearing material.
The housing 12 of the ball joint 10, with a lower modulus of elasticity, is made of an aluminum alloy.
Reinforcing elements 32, 34 also made of steel having a higher modulus of elasticity are introduced into the more or less cupshaped housing 12 of the ball joint 10.
The pins 32 pressed more or less vertically to the pivot pin central axis 18 a into corresponding holes in the housing 12 are mounted so that they are situated opposite each other in the direction of application of the primary load (arrow 36) on the joint ball 16 and are positioned relatively near the dome-shaped recess 12 a in the housing.
In addition or as an alternative, the pin 34, also of steel, is introduced as a reinforcing element into a corresponding hole in the housing 12, the central axis of which pin is oriented more or less along the extended pivot pin central axis 18 a and more or less vertically relative to the center of the joint ball 16. There is mounted on the pin 34 a head 34 a of greater diameter the frontal surface of which facing the bearing seat 14 is shaped so as to be of a concavity corresponding to the radius of the joint ball 16.
In addition to the pins 32, 34 as elements reinforcing and stiffening the housing 12, the reinforcing elements 32, 34 can also ensure performance of an emergency operating function of the ball joint 10 in the event of extreme wear of this joint.
The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment illustrated. In place of the two pins 32 additional pins 32 may also be provided which may be oriented either vertically relative to the plane of the drawing (as illustrated) or, for example, at an angle to such plane. The pin 34 may be provided in addition or as an alternative, but a plurality of pins 34 may also be mounted around the center of the ball joint. Other reinforcing elements such as ones of sintered materials, ceramic materials, and so forth may also be used in place of steel reinforcing elements.
The housing 12 may also be produced by conventional means of plastic, if necessary with fiber reinforcement.

Claims (5)

1. A ball joint comprising:
a housing having a longitudinal centerline and a bearing seat surface provided with a center of curvature on said centerline;
a member having a modulus of elasticity greater than that of said housing, including a ball portion seated on said bearing seat surface and a stud portion; and
at least one reinforcing element having a modulus of elasticity greater than that of said housing, embedded in said housing.
2. A ball joint according to claim 1 wherein said reinforcing element is disposed on said housing centerline.
3. A ball joint according to claim 2 wherein said reinforcing element includes a surface forming a continuation of said bearing seat surface.
4. A ball joint according to claim 1 including at least two reinforcing elements disposed on opposite sides of said housing centerline.
5. A ball joint according to claim 3 including at least two reinforcing elements disposed on opposite sides of said housing centerline.
US10/483,970 2001-08-10 2002-05-10 Ball joint Expired - Fee Related US6902345B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10139564.7 2001-08-10
DE10139564A DE10139564A1 (en) 2001-08-10 2001-08-10 Ball-and-socket joint for use in car suspension systems has steel ball and shaft and socket made of material with smaller E-modulus which is reinforced with steel pins
PCT/EP2002/005133 WO2003014585A1 (en) 2001-08-10 2002-05-10 Ball joint

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040202507A1 US20040202507A1 (en) 2004-10-14
US6902345B2 true US6902345B2 (en) 2005-06-07

Family

ID=7695186

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/483,970 Expired - Fee Related US6902345B2 (en) 2001-08-10 2002-05-10 Ball joint

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6902345B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1415097B1 (en)
DE (2) DE10139564A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2252531T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2003014585A1 (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040146338A1 (en) * 2002-01-11 2004-07-29 Klaus Broker Ball-and-socket joint
US20070012839A1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2007-01-18 Garmin Ltd., A Cayman Islands Corporation Mount assembly for electronic devices
US20090205167A1 (en) * 2008-02-14 2009-08-20 Easley James B Snap Assembly Friction Hinge
US20090238637A1 (en) * 2003-09-05 2009-09-24 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Ball pivot
US20100008714A1 (en) * 2006-11-03 2010-01-14 Manfred Bohne Ball and socket joint
US8851785B1 (en) 2009-11-17 2014-10-07 Trw Automotive U.S. Llc Ball joint
US20160069506A1 (en) * 2013-04-04 2016-03-10 Ben Shelef Improved kinematic mount
US20190390706A1 (en) * 2017-03-07 2019-12-26 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Ball joint
US11549552B2 (en) * 2018-08-29 2023-01-10 Schaublin Sa Anti pull-out collar for a ball joint

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4404307B2 (en) * 2004-04-27 2010-01-27 武蔵精密工業株式会社 Ball joint
DE102006023951B4 (en) * 2005-05-23 2012-02-09 Lg Electronics Inc. Dryer and drum holder device for it
CN101289885B (en) * 2008-05-23 2010-06-16 深圳贵航实业有限公司 Glass curtain wall overlapping joint
DE102016003781A1 (en) 2016-03-29 2017-10-05 Liebherr-Mining Equipment Colmar Sas Sealing device for sealing the ball joint of a kingpin
US10610005B2 (en) * 2017-03-02 2020-04-07 Aa R&D Llc Adjustable end mascara
CN114427965A (en) * 2022-03-28 2022-05-03 迈赫机器人自动化股份有限公司 Ball pin assembly design verification and durability test platform and use method thereof

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1057016A (en) 1951-03-08 1954-03-04 Ehrenreich & Cie A Spherical cup-shaped housing for ball joint
US2876029A (en) 1953-12-28 1959-03-03 Latzen Josef Ball and socket joints
US3602560A (en) 1968-11-27 1971-08-31 Skf Kugellagerfabriken Gmbh Ball and socket joint
US3650004A (en) * 1969-12-22 1972-03-21 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Bearing repair
DE3222308A1 (en) 1981-06-24 1983-01-20 General Motors Ltd., Dunstable, Bedfordshire BALL JOINT CONNECTION FOR A WIPER
US5152628A (en) 1990-10-13 1992-10-06 Trw Ehrenreich Gmbh & Co. Kg Ball-and-socket joint
DE4226986A1 (en) 1992-08-14 1994-02-17 Audi Ag Vehicle suspension or steering ball joint - has plate inserts in bearing shell in housing to maintain joint assembly
US5609433A (en) 1995-08-01 1997-03-11 Maclean-Fogg Company Ball joint link and method of producing same
US5641235A (en) 1995-06-07 1997-06-24 Dana Corporation Composite encased ball joint
US6505990B1 (en) * 2001-06-22 2003-01-14 Dana Corporation Bearing socket liner for ball joint
US20030081989A1 (en) * 2001-10-29 2003-05-01 Musashi Seimitsu Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ball Joint
US20040037621A1 (en) * 2000-11-24 2004-02-26 Yoshihiro Suzuki Ball joint

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0366913A (en) * 1989-08-03 1991-03-22 Ishikawa Tekko Kk Ball joint

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1057016A (en) 1951-03-08 1954-03-04 Ehrenreich & Cie A Spherical cup-shaped housing for ball joint
US2876029A (en) 1953-12-28 1959-03-03 Latzen Josef Ball and socket joints
US3602560A (en) 1968-11-27 1971-08-31 Skf Kugellagerfabriken Gmbh Ball and socket joint
US3650004A (en) * 1969-12-22 1972-03-21 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Bearing repair
DE3222308A1 (en) 1981-06-24 1983-01-20 General Motors Ltd., Dunstable, Bedfordshire BALL JOINT CONNECTION FOR A WIPER
US5152628A (en) 1990-10-13 1992-10-06 Trw Ehrenreich Gmbh & Co. Kg Ball-and-socket joint
DE4226986A1 (en) 1992-08-14 1994-02-17 Audi Ag Vehicle suspension or steering ball joint - has plate inserts in bearing shell in housing to maintain joint assembly
US5641235A (en) 1995-06-07 1997-06-24 Dana Corporation Composite encased ball joint
US5609433A (en) 1995-08-01 1997-03-11 Maclean-Fogg Company Ball joint link and method of producing same
US20040037621A1 (en) * 2000-11-24 2004-02-26 Yoshihiro Suzuki Ball joint
US6505990B1 (en) * 2001-06-22 2003-01-14 Dana Corporation Bearing socket liner for ball joint
US20030081989A1 (en) * 2001-10-29 2003-05-01 Musashi Seimitsu Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ball Joint

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7357591B2 (en) * 2002-01-11 2008-04-15 ZF Lemförder Metallwaren AG Ball-and-socket joint
US20040146338A1 (en) * 2002-01-11 2004-07-29 Klaus Broker Ball-and-socket joint
US20090238637A1 (en) * 2003-09-05 2009-09-24 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Ball pivot
US7841799B2 (en) * 2003-09-05 2010-11-30 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Ball pivot
US20070012839A1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2007-01-18 Garmin Ltd., A Cayman Islands Corporation Mount assembly for electronic devices
US7219867B2 (en) * 2005-07-14 2007-05-22 Garmin Ltd. Mount assembly for electronic devices
US20070117419A1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2007-05-24 Garmin Ltd. Mount assembly for electronic devices
US20080023606A1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2008-01-31 Garmin Ltd. Separable ball and socket assembly for electronic device mounts
US7475858B2 (en) 2005-07-14 2009-01-13 Garmin Ltd. Separable ball and socket assembly for electronic device mounts
US7516928B2 (en) * 2005-07-14 2009-04-14 Garmin Ltd. Mount assembly for electronic devices
US8137021B2 (en) * 2006-11-03 2012-03-20 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Sealing element for a ball and socket joint
US20100008714A1 (en) * 2006-11-03 2010-01-14 Manfred Bohne Ball and socket joint
US20090205167A1 (en) * 2008-02-14 2009-08-20 Easley James B Snap Assembly Friction Hinge
US7958599B2 (en) 2008-02-14 2011-06-14 Easley James B Snap assembly friction hinge
US8851785B1 (en) 2009-11-17 2014-10-07 Trw Automotive U.S. Llc Ball joint
US20160069506A1 (en) * 2013-04-04 2016-03-10 Ben Shelef Improved kinematic mount
US10151423B2 (en) * 2013-04-04 2018-12-11 Ben Shelef Kinematic mount
US20190390706A1 (en) * 2017-03-07 2019-12-26 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Ball joint
US11549552B2 (en) * 2018-08-29 2023-01-10 Schaublin Sa Anti pull-out collar for a ball joint

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1415097A1 (en) 2004-05-06
DE50204794D1 (en) 2005-12-08
ES2252531T3 (en) 2006-05-16
DE10139564A1 (en) 2003-02-20
WO2003014585A1 (en) 2003-02-20
US20040202507A1 (en) 2004-10-14
EP1415097B1 (en) 2005-11-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6902345B2 (en) Ball joint
CN101228018B (en) Process for manufacturing a ball and socket joint and ball and socket joint manufactured according to that process
US4231673A (en) Ball joint and a method for manufacturing the ball joint
US4553760A (en) Flexible seal for a spherical joint
US7357591B2 (en) Ball-and-socket joint
CA2281694A1 (en) Reinforced elastomeric spring
KR20120030073A (en) Joint and/or bearing assembly having an elastic intermediate layer
JPH106721A (en) Tire safety supporting body made of flexible elastomer material
JPH02229929A (en) Elastic connection ball bearing
US6505990B1 (en) Bearing socket liner for ball joint
JPH07259842A (en) Ball joint
MXPA01009302A (en) Ball joint.
US7320548B2 (en) Bearing shell for a ball and socket joint
US7216860B2 (en) Bearing seat of a tension strut made of composite materials
US20040066994A1 (en) Bushing joint
AU7744698A (en) Structure for supporting cylinders
US4385673A (en) Spherical joint with flexible seals
GB1591466A (en) Spring shackle assembly
US20070231060A1 (en) Sealing Bellows
US6857810B2 (en) Ceramic ball-and-socket joint
US6257795B1 (en) Connection between a tie rod linkage and a steering knuckle arm
US20030155698A1 (en) Resilient joint for vehicle suspension
US7331733B2 (en) Rocker pendulum with integrated ball and socket joint
USRE31298E (en) Spring shackle assembly
US4586840A (en) Elastic joint

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: AUDI AG, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KUR, JAROMIR;REEL/FRAME:015489/0349

Effective date: 20031119

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

REMI Maintenance fee reminder mailed
LAPS Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
STCH Information on status: patent discontinuation

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362

FP Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee

Effective date: 20170607