US4563705A - Automatic focus controlling apparatus and method - Google Patents

Automatic focus controlling apparatus and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US4563705A
US4563705A US06/444,155 US44415582A US4563705A US 4563705 A US4563705 A US 4563705A US 44415582 A US44415582 A US 44415582A US 4563705 A US4563705 A US 4563705A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sensing device
image sensing
light receiving
receiving element
solid state
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Expired - Lifetime
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US06/444,155
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English (en)
Inventor
Kenichi Oinoue
Masahiro Aoki
Masatoshi Ida
Junichi Nakamura
Asao Hayashi
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Olympus Corp
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Olympus Optical Co Ltd
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Assigned to OLYMPUS OPTICAL COMPANY LIMITED reassignment OLYMPUS OPTICAL COMPANY LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: AOKI, MASAHIRO, HAYASHI, ASAO, IDA, MASATOSHI, NAKAMURA, JUNICHI, OINOUE, KENICHI
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B3/00—Focusing arrangements of general interest for cameras, projectors or printers
    • G03B3/10—Power-operated focusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/67—Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals
    • H04N23/673—Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals based on contrast or high frequency components of image signals, e.g. hill climbing method

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an automatic focus controlling apparatus and method for use in an image pick-up apparatus comprising a two-dimensional solid state image sensing device upon which an image of an object is focused by an imaging lens.
  • the photography lens is moved in an optical axis direction by energizing a motor in relation to the focusing error signal, and thus the image can be always formed on the light receiving surface of the image pick-up tube in an in-focused condition.
  • a still camera in which the in-focused image can be formed on the film surface by driving the photography lens in accordance with the detected focusing error signal.
  • a driving system becomes large and it is very difficult to move the photography lens at a high speed.
  • the photography lens becomes especially large in size and heavy in weight, it is not possible to perform the fast focus controlling operation.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a focus controlling apparatus including a two-dimensional solid state image sensing device, in which an in-focused image of an object can be projected upon the solid state image sensing device in a prompt manner by means of an extremely simple and small driving system.
  • an automatic focus controlling apparatus for use in an image pick-up apparatus including a two-dimensional solid state image sensing device and a photography lens for projecting an image of an object to be picked-up upon the image sensing device, comprises
  • the another object of the invention is to provide an automatic focus controlling method for use in the image pick-up apparatus.
  • a focus controlling method for use in an image pick-up apparatus including a two-dimensional solid state image sensing device onto which an image of an object to be picked-up is projected by a photography lens comprises the steps of
  • the present invention is based on the recognition that the two-dimensional image sensing device is extremely small and light and therefore, it is very advantageous to move the two-dimensional solid state image sensing device instead of the photography lens.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of the automatic focus controlling apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2A to 5 are schematic views illustrating another embodiment of the automatic focus controlling apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing a relation between the focusing condition and an amount of the high frequency component included in the output video signal.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating still another embodiment of the automatic focus controlling apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of the automatic focus controlling apparatus according to the invention.
  • An image of an object 2 to be picked-up is projected onto a two-dimensional solid state image sensing device 3 by means of a photography lens 1.
  • the solid state image sensing device 3 is arranged movably in an optical axis direction by means of a driving system 5.
  • An output video signal derived from the solid state image sensing device 3 is suitably processed so as to display the image on an electronic viewfinder 6.
  • the solid state image sensing device 3 may be moved manually by the driving system 5 so as to display an in-focused image on the viewfinder 6. In this manner, it is possible to form the in-focused image of the object 2 on the solid state image sensing device 3.
  • a part of an output video signal of the solid state image sensing device 3 is supplied to a focusing condition detecting circuit 7 to generate a focusing error signal corresponding to a defocused amount, and this focusing error signal is further supplied to the driving system 5 so as to move automatically the solid state image sensing device 3 in an in-focused position.
  • the small and light solid state image sensing device 3 is moved, it is possible to use not only a usual small D.C. motor but also a voice coil or a linear motor as a driving source which can perform a fast operation for the driving system 5. For example, in an embodiment using the D.C.
  • a rotation thereof corresponding to the defocusing amount is converted into a linear movement of the solid state image sensing device by a drive transferring means such as a rack and pinion mechanism and a lead screw and nut mechanism.
  • a drive transferring means such as a rack and pinion mechanism and a lead screw and nut mechanism.
  • the solid state image sensing device is directly moved by energizing the voice coil or the linear motor in one direction along the optical axis against a force of a coiled spring acting in the other direction. Therefore, the automatic focus controlling can be effected in an extremely high speed.
  • an amount of movement of the solid state image sensing device 3 is substantially the same as that of the conventional automatic focusing mechanisms in which the photography lens 1 is moved to effect the focusing control, it is possible to utilize any one of the known mechanisms for driving the photography lens.
  • any one of the known focusing condition detecting circuits may be used as the circuit 7.
  • This embodiment utilizes the fact that a high frequency component of the image becomes larger near the in-focused condition, and the output video signal of the solid state image sensing device 3 is supplied to a frequency-voltage converting circuit to generate the focusing error signal corresponding to the defocused amount, and then the focusing error signal is supplied to the driving system 5. In this case, the focusing error signal is made zero in the in-focused condition
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are schematic views showing another embodiment of the automatic focus controlling apparatus according to the invention.
  • light receiving elements for detecting the focusing condition are formed in one body with the solid state image sensing device, and thus the construction is further made much simpler. That is to say, as illustrated in FIG. 2A, the image of the object 2 is projected onto a two-dimensional solid state image sensing device 10 by the photography lens 1, and also, as shown in an elevation view of FIG. 2B, two linear arrays of light receiving elements 12, 13 for detecting the focusing condition are formed in a substrate 11 integrally with the two-dimensional solid state image sensing device 10.
  • An optical path dividing prism 14 and an optical path correcting plate 15 are arranged on the light receiving element arrays 12, 13 and the image sensing device 10 in such a manner that these light receiving elements 12 and 13 are positioned equivalently front and rear with respect to a predetermined focal plane, respectively and the image sensing device 10 is positioned on the focal plane in the in-focused condition as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the detection of the focusing condition is performed in such a manner that the output signals of the light receiving element arrays 12, 13 are processed in accordance with a given function to derive estimation values and then the focusing error signal having an amplitude and a polarity representing an amount and a direction of the detected deviation is calculated from the derived estimation values.
  • the substrate 11 on which the two-dimensional solid state image sensing device 10 and the light receiving element arrays 12, 13 are formed in one body is moved in the optical axis direction in accordance with the focusing error signal thus obtained into the in-focused condition.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the focus controlling apparatus according to the invention.
  • a part of the light flux from the object 2 transmitted through the photography lens 1 is reflected by a half mirror 20 so as to observe the image of the object 2 through a pentagonal prism 21 with the naked eye 22.
  • the light flux transmitted through the half mirror 20 is projected onto a two-dimensional solid state image sensing device 23 and a pair of light receiving element arrays 25, 26 which are formed in the same substrate 24.
  • the light receiving element arrays 25, 26 are formed in one body in the substrate 24 of the solid state image sensing device 23, and an optical path correcting plate 27 is arranged on the substrate 24.
  • the optical path correcting plate 27 is formed in such a manner that a thickness of the plate 27 on the first light receiving element array 25 is thicker than that on the solid state image sensing device 23 and no optical path correcting plate is existent on the second light receiving element array 26.
  • the first and second light receiving element arrays 25 and 26 are positioned equivalently front and rear with respect to the focal plane, respectively, when the in-focused image is formed on the solid state image sensing device 23.
  • the output signals of the first and second light receiving element arrays 25, 26 are supplied to a frequency-voltage converting circuit 30 via a switch 28 which can switchover in response to a moving direction of the solid state image sensing device 23 and a highpass filter 29.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing a relation between the focusing condition and an amount of the high frequency component included in the output video signal.
  • the amount of the high frequency component takes a maximum value in the in-focused condition, and is decreased corresponding to the defocusing amount. Therefore, an output of the frequency-voltage converting circuit 30 is supplied to a peak detection circuit 31 so as to detect a peak value, and thus it is possible to detect the focusing condition.
  • the peak detection circuit 31 comprises a peak hold circuit 32 and a comparator 33.
  • the comparator 33 generates an in-focused signal at an instant when an output of the frequency-voltage converting circuit 30 begins to decrease after reaching the peak value.
  • This in-focused signal is supplied to a driving system 34 for the two-dimensional solid state image sensing device 23 so as to stop the movement of the solid state image sensing device 23.
  • the peak detection circuit 31 generates the in-focused signal a little later after the light receiving element array has entered into the in-focused position and the driving system 34 has a slight response delay.
  • the light receiving element arrays 25, 26 are arranged on the same surface as that of the solid state image sensing device 23, the image sensing device 23 will be stopped at a position which has passed the focal plane and thus the in-focused condition could not be achieved.
  • the light receiving element arrays 25, 26 must be arranged in a front and a rear positions in the optical axis direction with respect to the solid state image sensing device, but in fact it is very difficult to manufacture such a device.
  • the manufacture of the image pick-up apparatus can be made much simpler and easier as compared with the conventional one.
  • a signal for stopping the movement of the image sensing device is produced when the first light receiving element array 25 has detected the in-focused condition. Then the image sensing device is stopped after the response delay time of the driving mechanism. Therefore, when a deviation amount ⁇ in the optical axis direction between the light receiving element arrays 25 and 26 and the image sensing device 23 is determined by taking into account the response time lag, the image sensing device can be accurately stopped at the in-focussed position.
  • the light receiving element arrays for the focus detection are arranged to receive the light flux transmitted through the photography lens.
  • an image of an object 2 is projected onto a two-dimensional solid state image sensing device 40 through a photography lens 1, and there is further provided an optical system for the focus detection including a lens 41 and a light receiving element array 43 so as to project the image of the object 42 onto the light receiving element array 43 through the lens 41.
  • An output signal from the light receiving element array 43 is processed in a focusing condition detecting circuit 44 to generate a focusing error signal corresponding to a defocused amount.
  • the focusing error signal is supplied to a driving system 45 so as to move simultaneously the image sensing device 40 in the optical axis direction of the photography lens 1 and the lens 41 and light receiving element array 43 in the optical axis direction of the focusing lens 41.
  • the driving system 45 may be made simple and small, because the solid state image sensing device 40, lens 41 and light receiving element array 43 are small and light.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments mentioned above, but various alternations and modifications are possible.
  • a half mirror is arranged between the photography lens and the solid state image sensing device and a light flux reflected by the half mirror may be made incident upon the light receiving element arrays arranged separately from the image sensing device.
  • the light receiving element arrays may be driven in the optical axis direction in conjunction with the two-dimensional solid state image sensing device.
  • the focus detection method used in the present invention is not limited to the method for detecting the high frequency component or the method for detecting the contrast, but use may be made of the known method for detecting a lateral shift of the image.
  • the focus controlling method and apparatus since use is made of the small and light two-dimensional solid state image sensing device, it is possible to make the construction of the driving system much simpler and smaller and to effect the focus controlling in a prompt manner. Especially, in the instance of performing the automatic focus controlling, the driving system can be made extremely small and thus the image sensing device can be made small in size and light in weight. Moreover, in case of arranging the light receiving element array for the focus detection in one body with the two-dimensional solid state image sensing device, it is possible to make the image pick-up apparatus much compact and simpler. In addition, it is not necessary to use any other driving system for moving the optical system for the focus detection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automatic Focus Adjustment (AREA)
  • Focusing (AREA)
US06/444,155 1981-11-27 1982-11-24 Automatic focus controlling apparatus and method Expired - Lifetime US4563705A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP56-189242 1981-11-27
JP56189242A JPS5891410A (ja) 1981-11-27 1981-11-27 撮像装置の合焦方法

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US4563705A true US4563705A (en) 1986-01-07

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JP (1) JPS5891410A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3243920A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4734777A (en) * 1982-12-07 1988-03-29 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image pick-up apparatus having an exposure control device
US4742401A (en) * 1985-10-24 1988-05-03 Dr. Ing. Rudolf Hell Gmbh Opto-electronic scan head which has a housing portion and a housing member that are coupled together by first and second guide rods so as to allow relative motion therebetween
US4843413A (en) * 1988-03-28 1989-06-27 Eastman Kodak Company System which uses threshold counts to achieve automatic focus
US4945379A (en) * 1985-12-28 1990-07-31 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Camera shutter and viewfinder control apparatus
US5245172A (en) * 1992-05-12 1993-09-14 United Parcel Service Of America, Inc. Voice coil focusing system having an image receptor mounted on a pivotally-rotatable frame
US5365053A (en) * 1991-02-19 1994-11-15 Linotype-Hell Ag Method and apparatus for setting the sharpness of an optical imaging system
US5442167A (en) * 1993-04-16 1995-08-15 Intermec Corporation Method and apparatus for automatic image focusing
US5506912A (en) * 1990-01-26 1996-04-09 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Imaging device capable of tracking an object
US5926218A (en) * 1996-06-04 1999-07-20 Eastman Kodak Company Electronic camera with dual resolution sensors
US6085039A (en) * 1996-06-11 2000-07-04 Minolta Co., Ltd. Apparatus having a driven member and a drive controller therefor
US6829008B1 (en) * 1998-08-20 2004-12-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Solid-state image sensing apparatus, control method therefor, image sensing apparatus, basic layout of photoelectric conversion cell, and storage medium

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5978324A (ja) * 1982-10-27 1984-05-07 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 固体撮像素子を用いた電子カメラのストロボ発光制御装置
JPS6012525A (ja) * 1983-07-01 1985-01-22 Victor Co Of Japan Ltd 光電変換装置
JPS60145764A (ja) * 1984-01-10 1985-08-01 Dainippon Screen Mfg Co Ltd 画像走査記録方法
JPS62115409A (ja) * 1985-11-15 1987-05-27 Tamuron:Kk 固体撮像素子を有するカメラの合焦検出装置用光学系
DE4105003A1 (de) * 1991-02-19 1992-08-20 Hell Ag Linotype Verfahren und einrichtung zur scharfeinstellung eines optischen abbildungs-systems
DE4214283A1 (de) * 1992-04-30 1993-11-04 Schneider Co Optische Werke Messkamera
DE4436032C2 (de) * 1994-10-08 1997-04-30 Holger Dr Ing Wente Verfahren zum dreidimensionalen Vermessen und Erfassen des Fahrweges eines ein begrenztes Gelände befahrenden Fahrzeuges sowie Peileinheit und Autotheodoliten hierfür
DE4437900A1 (de) * 1994-10-22 1996-04-25 Microbox Dr Welp Gmbh & Co Scanner zur Erzeugung von digitalen Bildsignalen
ATE265695T1 (de) * 1996-01-18 2004-05-15 Datalogic Spa Fokussierungsvorrichtung
US6068189A (en) * 1996-01-18 2000-05-30 Datalogic S.P.A. Focusing device including capacitive transducer position sensor
DE19639854A1 (de) * 1996-09-27 1998-06-10 Vitronic Dr Ing Stein Bildvera Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erfassung von auf potentiell großflächigen Gegenständen aufgebrachten, optisch erfaßbaren Informationen

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DE2241279A1 (de) * 1972-08-22 1974-03-14 Anger Kunststoff Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von fittings, vorzugsweise druckrohrsteckfittings aus kunststoffen
US3967056A (en) * 1973-02-26 1976-06-29 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Automatic focusing apparatus
US4200892A (en) * 1978-03-27 1980-04-29 Rca Corporation Solid state image sensor
JPS55149575A (en) * 1979-05-11 1980-11-20 Hitachi Ltd Television camera unit
US4301478A (en) * 1978-11-30 1981-11-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha TV Camera with focus detecting means
US4320417A (en) * 1979-10-03 1982-03-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Automatic focusing system for video camera
US4333716A (en) * 1978-12-04 1982-06-08 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Focus detection system
US4383274A (en) * 1980-03-19 1983-05-10 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Automatic focus controlling device
US4392726A (en) * 1980-06-13 1983-07-12 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Automatic focus control system for video camera with improved position detecting apparatus
US4414575A (en) * 1980-11-21 1983-11-08 Hitachi Denshi Kabushiki Kaisha Autofocus system
US4415924A (en) * 1980-03-22 1983-11-15 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Photoelectric transducer device
US4422097A (en) * 1980-03-19 1983-12-20 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Automatic focus controlling method
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DE2241279A1 (de) * 1972-08-22 1974-03-14 Anger Kunststoff Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von fittings, vorzugsweise druckrohrsteckfittings aus kunststoffen
US3967056A (en) * 1973-02-26 1976-06-29 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Automatic focusing apparatus
US4200892A (en) * 1978-03-27 1980-04-29 Rca Corporation Solid state image sensor
US4470676A (en) * 1978-07-28 1984-09-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Focus detecting device
US4301478A (en) * 1978-11-30 1981-11-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha TV Camera with focus detecting means
US4333716A (en) * 1978-12-04 1982-06-08 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Focus detection system
JPS55149575A (en) * 1979-05-11 1980-11-20 Hitachi Ltd Television camera unit
US4320417A (en) * 1979-10-03 1982-03-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Automatic focusing system for video camera
US4383274A (en) * 1980-03-19 1983-05-10 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Automatic focus controlling device
US4422097A (en) * 1980-03-19 1983-12-20 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Automatic focus controlling method
US4415924A (en) * 1980-03-22 1983-11-15 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Photoelectric transducer device
US4392726A (en) * 1980-06-13 1983-07-12 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Automatic focus control system for video camera with improved position detecting apparatus
US4414575A (en) * 1980-11-21 1983-11-08 Hitachi Denshi Kabushiki Kaisha Autofocus system

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4734777A (en) * 1982-12-07 1988-03-29 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image pick-up apparatus having an exposure control device
US4742401A (en) * 1985-10-24 1988-05-03 Dr. Ing. Rudolf Hell Gmbh Opto-electronic scan head which has a housing portion and a housing member that are coupled together by first and second guide rods so as to allow relative motion therebetween
US4945379A (en) * 1985-12-28 1990-07-31 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Camera shutter and viewfinder control apparatus
US4843413A (en) * 1988-03-28 1989-06-27 Eastman Kodak Company System which uses threshold counts to achieve automatic focus
US5506912A (en) * 1990-01-26 1996-04-09 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Imaging device capable of tracking an object
US5365053A (en) * 1991-02-19 1994-11-15 Linotype-Hell Ag Method and apparatus for setting the sharpness of an optical imaging system
US5245172A (en) * 1992-05-12 1993-09-14 United Parcel Service Of America, Inc. Voice coil focusing system having an image receptor mounted on a pivotally-rotatable frame
US5442167A (en) * 1993-04-16 1995-08-15 Intermec Corporation Method and apparatus for automatic image focusing
US5926218A (en) * 1996-06-04 1999-07-20 Eastman Kodak Company Electronic camera with dual resolution sensors
US6085039A (en) * 1996-06-11 2000-07-04 Minolta Co., Ltd. Apparatus having a driven member and a drive controller therefor
US6226459B1 (en) 1996-06-11 2001-05-01 Minolta Co., Ltd. Apparatus having a driven member and a drive controller therefor
US6829008B1 (en) * 1998-08-20 2004-12-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Solid-state image sensing apparatus, control method therefor, image sensing apparatus, basic layout of photoelectric conversion cell, and storage medium

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5891410A (ja) 1983-05-31
DE3243920C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1987-06-11
DE3243920A1 (de) 1983-06-09

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