US3924402A - Combustion chamber for gas turbines and the like having a fluidized burner bed - Google Patents

Combustion chamber for gas turbines and the like having a fluidized burner bed Download PDF

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Publication number
US3924402A
US3924402A US375781A US37578173A US3924402A US 3924402 A US3924402 A US 3924402A US 375781 A US375781 A US 375781A US 37578173 A US37578173 A US 37578173A US 3924402 A US3924402 A US 3924402A
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combustion
air
cooling medium
cooling
combustion chamber
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Expired - Lifetime
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US375781A
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English (en)
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Henrik Harboe
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/205—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products in a fluidised-bed combustor

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A combustion chamber with a fluidised burner bed, preferably for gas turbines, comprising means for controlling the supply of fuel, combustion air and a cooling medium for the fluidised bed to maintain a predetermined proportional relationship therebetween constant under varying load conditions.
  • combustion temperature in burners heretofore used is so high that the ashes melt and thus acquire a glazed character and a consequently high grinding capacity. Therefore, it has been proposed recently to use combustion chambers with a fluidised bed burner combined with a cooling system.
  • Combustion chambers with a fluidised bed burner in which the combustion takes place in a bed of solid cominute or granulated material, which is fluidised in air, produce an advantageously efficient combustion at a moderate temperature and with a moderate amount of excess air. Consequently the ash is not melted down but retains a substantially soft consistency.
  • this combustion chamber is capable of burning gaseous and liquid full as well as particulate, solid fuel.
  • a disadvantage results from the difficulty of controlling the combustion under varying load conditions.
  • One possibility of controlling the combustion is to divide the chamber into sections which can be selectively connected and disconnected as shown, for example, in US. Pat. No. 2,842,102. However, this arrangement results in a discontinuous control.
  • Another possibility is to vary the depth of the fluidised bed so that the bed material is either discharged or recharged with consequent complications.
  • amorphous powder with a low erosion capacity and a low tendency to become sticky and to form deposits.
  • the cooling air and the combustion gases can be mixed after their passage through the combustion whereupon the cooling system must be recharged.
  • the present invention eliminates these disadvantages and makes it possible to operate a fluidisationcombustion chamber having a fluidized burner bed of constant temperature and bed depth, while still achieving a high degree of control of the combustion within wide limits and permitting intermittent operation.
  • the important feature of the combustion chamber according to the invention resides in the fact that its cooling system works with air or some other gaseous medium that a predetermined relation is constantly maintained between the amounts of combustion air and cooling air. THe amount of fuel is thus adjusted to the amount of combustion air under varying load conditions.
  • the invention contemplates the maintenance of a predetermined proportion between combustion air and chamber and be supplied, for example, to a gas turbine as a single stream. Another possibility is to keep the two air streams separated and conduct each of them separately to its respective gas turbine, and in this manner the stream of cooling air with its turbine can then be maintained as a purged system.
  • the combustion gases must be separated from ashes and fluidized particles from the burner bed in a dust separator, for example a cyclone, but as mentioned above the combustion gases constitute a minor part of the total air current.
  • the combustion air is passed through adjustable dampers or valves 5 into the bottom of the proper combustion chamber 6.
  • the air passes up through a perforated bottom 8 and into the fluidised bed 9 consisting of a particulate, solid material which is whirled up in the form of a suspended fluidised bed by the combustion air flowing therethrough.
  • a fuel pipe 7 with a fuel dispenser head at the upper end supplies said fluidised bed, with the fuel and possibly also with new bed material.
  • the fuel may be gaseous or liquid, but also solid, crushed fuel is feasible.
  • the fluidised bed has the advantage of being capable of burning a somewhat more coarse-grained fuel than that used in burners for pulverized coal such as boilers.
  • bed material By a suitable choice of bed material, it is also possible to obtain a considerable absorption of adventitious substances in the fuel.
  • bed material containing limestone is capable of absorbing sulphurous compounds in the fuel, and in this case the sulphur-saturated bed material must be discharged from the upper part of the bed and new material be added to the lower part.
  • the flue-gas passes up through the dust separator, suitably cyclone separators 10 with exhaust pipes 18 in the bottom, through which ash and whirled-up bed material are separated. From the separators the purified gas is passed out into the space 11 between the inner combustion chamber 6 and the intermediate casing 19, from where the flue-gas passes through the pipe 12 to the gas turbine 20.
  • the cooling air rises from the bottom of the outer casing 4 through the space 13 between the outer casing 4 and the intermediate casing 15 which is provided at the top with a control damper 14. From here the cooling air passes through the space 16 between the intermediate casings 15 and 19 and downwards to cooling pipes 17 which conduct the air through the fluidised bed 9 and opens out into the space 11 between the combustion chamber 6 and the intermediate casing 19. Here the cooling air is mixed with the flue-gas which emanates from the separators l and the entire amount of air passes through the pipe 12 to the turbine 20.
  • the supply of fuel to the fluidised bed through the pipe 7 must be carefully regulated to follow the regulation of the air, which has been indicated purely symbolically in the FIGURE by connecting the fuel valve 21 in the pipe 7 to the air valve 2 in the pipe 1.
  • a by-pass tube 25 having a valve 26 which connects the outer casing 4 with the outlet pipe 12.
  • a valve 26 which connects the outer casing 4 with the outlet pipe 12.
  • an additional intermediate casing 22 (dashed line) surrounding the outlets from the tubes 17 and from where the purged, hot cooling air is passed through a pipe 23 to a turbine (not shown) which will thus operate with purged, hot air.
  • the cooling air may be taken from a separate air source through an intake 24 (dashed line), in which case the outer casing 4 becomes substantially unnecessary.
  • the cooling system is capable of working at another, preferably higher, pressure than the combustion chamber, but still the proportional relationship between the two volumes of air is maintained.
  • this arrangement makes the control somewhat more complicated.
  • a combustion chamber for operating gas turbines and the like comprising:
  • a cooling chamber for receiving a cooling medium surrounding the purged combustion gas chamber
  • k means for maintaining a predetermined proportional relationship between combustion air and said cooling medium constant regardless of varying power out-put demands and to maintain the fluidized bed temperature within a predetermined range.
  • a combustion chamber according to claim I having second control means for simultaneous regulation of the volumes of combustion air and cooling medium on the one hand and the amount of fuel on the other.
  • a combustion chamber according to claim 1 in which the volume of combustion air and cooling medium are controlled to maintain a combustion temperature ranging between 700950C.
  • a combustion chamber according to claim 1 in which the volumes of combustion air and cooling medium are controlled to maintain a proportional relationship on the order of 1:2.
  • a combustion chamber in which a portion of the air emanating from the same sources is introduced into the cooling chamber as cooling medium and another portion thereof is introduced into the fluidized bed as combustion air; the cooling air upon having passed through the fluidized bed being received in said purged combustion gas chamber and housing for short-circuiting the fluidized bed and passing the air in the outer housing directly to the power out-put station for rapid reduction of the power out-put thereof.
  • a combustion chamber according to claim 1 in which a separate casing is provided surrounding said burner housing for confining the heated cooling medium and having means for passing it separately to a different power out-put station.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
US375781A 1972-07-07 1973-07-02 Combustion chamber for gas turbines and the like having a fluidized burner bed Expired - Lifetime US3924402A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE08983/72A SE364756B (de) 1972-07-07 1972-07-07

Publications (1)

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US3924402A true US3924402A (en) 1975-12-09

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US375781A Expired - Lifetime US3924402A (en) 1972-07-07 1973-07-02 Combustion chamber for gas turbines and the like having a fluidized burner bed

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US (1) US3924402A (de)
DE (1) DE2333087C2 (de)
GB (1) GB1427184A (de)
SE (1) SE364756B (de)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4072130A (en) * 1976-12-01 1978-02-07 The Ducon Company, Inc. Apparatus and method for generating steam
US4136642A (en) * 1976-10-13 1979-01-30 Ckd Dukla, Narodni Podnik Method of and apparatus for regulating steam and hot water boilers employing fluidized fuel
US4161917A (en) * 1976-03-26 1979-07-24 Rolls-Royce Limited Fluidized bed combustion apparatus
US4335683A (en) * 1981-04-09 1982-06-22 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed heat exchanger with control to respond to changes in demand
US4387667A (en) * 1981-12-14 1983-06-14 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Fluidized bed distributor plate assembly
US4506631A (en) * 1982-06-22 1985-03-26 Lawrence Waldemar Ihnativ Process to produce hydrogen and oxygen utilizing the energy content of waste materials
US4671251A (en) * 1984-09-24 1987-06-09 Ohio State University Fluidized bed combustor
US4676733A (en) * 1984-09-24 1987-06-30 Ohio State University Method for producing a clean heated fluid
US5491967A (en) * 1994-02-23 1996-02-20 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Pressurized fluidized bed reactor and a method of operating the same
EP0721062A2 (de) * 1995-01-10 1996-07-10 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ventilanordnung für eine Gasturbine mit externer Brennkammer
US5544479A (en) * 1994-02-10 1996-08-13 Longmark Power International, Inc. Dual brayton-cycle gas turbine power plant utilizing a circulating pressurized fluidized bed combustor
CN104407560A (zh) * 2014-11-21 2015-03-11 江苏大学 一种旋风分离器自动控制系统及方法

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH625868A5 (de) * 1977-12-23 1981-10-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
SE410341B (sv) * 1978-02-13 1979-10-08 Stal Laval Turbin Ab Virvelbeddsbrennkammare
SE410641B (sv) * 1978-03-01 1979-10-22 Stal Laval Turbin Ab Ventilanordning for gasturbin
US4284401A (en) * 1978-08-03 1981-08-18 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method and means for feeding fuel into fluidized-bed combustion apparatus
SE421945B (sv) * 1978-09-12 1982-02-08 Stal Laval Turbin Ab Gasturbinanleggning
FR2456847B1 (fr) * 1979-05-18 1987-06-19 Curtiss Wright Corp Systeme de commande pour une centrale d'energie a turbine a gaz comportant une chambre de combustion a lit fluidise sous pression a refroidissement par air
GB2057060B (en) * 1979-08-27 1983-07-06 Gen Electric Integrated coal fired gas turbine power plant
DE3024478A1 (de) * 1980-06-28 1982-01-21 Steag Ag, 4300 Essen Verfahren und anlage zur energiegewinnung aus festen, fossilen und ballastreichen stoffen
DE3108413A1 (de) * 1981-03-06 1982-09-23 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8000 München Kohlekraftwerkseinrichtung mit druckbetriebener wirbelschichtfeuerung
DE3244769A1 (de) * 1982-12-03 1984-06-07 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Vorrichtung zur feinstaubabscheidung bei einem wirbelschichtreaktor
DE4231151C2 (de) * 1992-08-28 1994-12-15 Steag Ag Gasturbinenanlage und Verfahren zu ihrem Betreiben
DE4335136C2 (de) * 1992-10-22 1999-12-16 Alstom Energy Syst Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zur Erzeugung von Gasen zum Betreiben einer Gasturbine in einem kombinierten Gas- und Dampfkraftwerk

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2482791A (en) * 1945-04-20 1949-09-27 Nettel Frederick Naval power plant
US2842102A (en) * 1954-11-18 1958-07-08 Combustion Eng Steam generation
US3446012A (en) * 1966-11-15 1969-05-27 Struthers Energy Systems Inc Gasifier and gas turbine system
US3687115A (en) * 1969-12-12 1972-08-29 Foster Wheeler Corp Steam boilers

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE966644C (de) * 1956-07-02 1957-08-29 Basf Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb von Heissgasturbinen
GB1204177A (en) * 1967-10-10 1970-09-03 Coal Industry Patents Ltd Process for the combustion of carbonaceous material

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2482791A (en) * 1945-04-20 1949-09-27 Nettel Frederick Naval power plant
US2842102A (en) * 1954-11-18 1958-07-08 Combustion Eng Steam generation
US3446012A (en) * 1966-11-15 1969-05-27 Struthers Energy Systems Inc Gasifier and gas turbine system
US3687115A (en) * 1969-12-12 1972-08-29 Foster Wheeler Corp Steam boilers

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4161917A (en) * 1976-03-26 1979-07-24 Rolls-Royce Limited Fluidized bed combustion apparatus
US4136642A (en) * 1976-10-13 1979-01-30 Ckd Dukla, Narodni Podnik Method of and apparatus for regulating steam and hot water boilers employing fluidized fuel
US4072130A (en) * 1976-12-01 1978-02-07 The Ducon Company, Inc. Apparatus and method for generating steam
US4335683A (en) * 1981-04-09 1982-06-22 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed heat exchanger with control to respond to changes in demand
US4387667A (en) * 1981-12-14 1983-06-14 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Fluidized bed distributor plate assembly
US4506631A (en) * 1982-06-22 1985-03-26 Lawrence Waldemar Ihnativ Process to produce hydrogen and oxygen utilizing the energy content of waste materials
US4671251A (en) * 1984-09-24 1987-06-09 Ohio State University Fluidized bed combustor
US4676733A (en) * 1984-09-24 1987-06-30 Ohio State University Method for producing a clean heated fluid
US5544479A (en) * 1994-02-10 1996-08-13 Longmark Power International, Inc. Dual brayton-cycle gas turbine power plant utilizing a circulating pressurized fluidized bed combustor
US5491967A (en) * 1994-02-23 1996-02-20 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Pressurized fluidized bed reactor and a method of operating the same
US5499498A (en) * 1994-02-23 1996-03-19 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Pressurized fluidized bed reactor
EP0721062A2 (de) * 1995-01-10 1996-07-10 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ventilanordnung für eine Gasturbine mit externer Brennkammer
EP0721062A3 (de) * 1995-01-10 1999-01-20 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ventilanordnung für eine Gasturbine mit externer Brennkammer
CN104407560A (zh) * 2014-11-21 2015-03-11 江苏大学 一种旋风分离器自动控制系统及方法
CN104407560B (zh) * 2014-11-21 2017-07-18 江苏大学 一种旋风分离器自动控制系统及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2333087A1 (de) 1974-01-24
SE364756B (de) 1974-03-04
GB1427184A (en) 1976-03-10
DE2333087C2 (de) 1983-10-06

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