US3924103A - Electrically heated alignment pad - Google Patents

Electrically heated alignment pad Download PDF

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Publication number
US3924103A
US3924103A US511471A US51147174A US3924103A US 3924103 A US3924103 A US 3924103A US 511471 A US511471 A US 511471A US 51147174 A US51147174 A US 51147174A US 3924103 A US3924103 A US 3924103A
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Prior art keywords
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pad
block copolymer
plate member
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US511471A
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English (en)
Inventor
Haruhisa Furuishi
Yoshihiro Murata
Hidenori Suzaki
Misao Sumoto
Hiroshi Imanaka
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16M—FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M7/00—Details of attaching or adjusting engine beds, frames, or supporting-legs on foundation or base; Attaching non-moving engine parts, e.g. cylinder blocks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
    • E01B9/685—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by their shape
    • E01B9/688—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by their shape with internal cavities
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D35/00—Straightening, lifting, or lowering of foundation structures or of constructions erected on foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/36—Bearings or like supports allowing movement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
    • E01B9/681—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by the material

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A pad utilizable in padding, levelling or aligning girders, rails or any other constructional or structural elements.
  • the pad comprises at least one thermoplastic plate member and an electric heater for heating the thermoplastic plate member to soften or melt to cause the overall thickness of the padding material to be reduced to a value sufficient to bring an article or machine to a predetermined level.
  • the plate member is made of a thermoplastic polyester material of a composition which substantially comprises a crystalline polyester segment having a high melting point or a softening point and a non-crystalline polymer segment having a low melting point.
  • the present invention relates to a padding material utilizable in padding, levelling or aligning girders, rails or any other constructional or structural elements and, more particularly, to a constructional device comprising a body of thermoplastic material having embedded therein an electric heater, which electric heater is, while the constructional device is placed in between a load exerting member and a load receiving member, energized to electrothermally deform the body of thermoplastic material so as to permit the load exerting member to assume a definite position relative to the load receiving member.
  • the track structure is laid on the roadbed of a railroad which may include either a pavement of ballast or a pavement of slabs of reinforced or prestressed concrete.
  • the slab-paved roadbed may not require the use of crossties or sleepers for the support of the rails in a predetermined track gauge.
  • the roadbed Prior to placement of the railway track structure on the railroad, the roadbed should be prepared to assume a predetermined level as exactly as possible over the-entire length thereof.
  • anchor bolts are utilized. These anchor bolts are embedded in portion of the concrete floor where the architectural frame or the heavy-duty machine is to be installed. If at least that portion of the concrete floor fails to be levelled, the usual procedure to bring the architectural frame or the machine to a predetermined level has heretofore been carried out by reforming that portion of the concrete floor so as to achieve a predetermined level while the individual anchor bolts are accurately positioned so as to align with the architectural frame or the machine.
  • a padding material which includes an electric heater of a substantially plate-like or planar shape fitted to one surface of a thermoplastic plate member or preferably sandwiched between a pair of thermoplastic plate members.
  • the padding material of the construction referred to above is utilized in practice in the following manner.
  • the padding material is placed in position between a foundation, for example, each of tie plates on the roadbed, and the bottom or root of a rail forming a part of the railway track structure.
  • the electric heater is subsequently energized to heat the thermoplastic plate members.
  • the thermoplastic material which constitutes the individual plate members being heated becomes softened and, therefore, deforms as it receives an external pushing force, that is, the weight of the rail acting on the plate members in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the plate members, that is, in a direction of the thickness of the plate members. In this way, bringing the rail to a desired or predetermined level can be carried out by the thickness deformation of the plate members.
  • the padding material of the type heretofore proposed can also be utilized not only in levelling, but in padding or aligning any other constructional or structural elements in a substantiallysimilar way as the padding material of the present invention would be practised.
  • the padding material heretofore proposed is successful in substantially eliminating the disadvantages and inconveniences inherent in the conventional levelling technique.
  • the use of the padding material in fact facilitates levelling, but in order for the padding material to exhibit highly reliable performance, it has been recognized that material for the plate member or plate members should satisfy the following requirements.
  • thermoplastic resin nowcommercially available is apt to ex- 3 hibit such a characteristic that the melt viscosity reduces rapidly when it is heated to a temperature above the softening point. If this commercially available thermoplastic resin is used as the material for the plate members of the padding'material, a sufficient levelling or padding cannot be appreciated because the resin tends to readily fluidize before the levelling or padding is complete.
  • a certain synthetic resin having a sufficient hardness is also commercially available.
  • this synthetic resin does not exhibit a sufficient elasticity and has no property of absorbing vibrations and/or impact applied thereto and, therefore, if it is used as material for the plate members of the padding material, the latter will readily be fractured under the influence of vibration and/or impact and cannot accordingly be used where vibrations and/or impact is present.
  • ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer, styrenebutadiene block copolymer and polyurethane elastomer are'known.
  • the above two copolymers have common drawbacks in that, when subjected to a predetermined load, any of these copolymers is greatly deformed and in that considerable change in physical property occurs when any of these copolymers is handled under conditions in which the temperature varies from 40C. to +80C.
  • the elastomer lacks a stability in terms of water, weather and heat resistance.
  • an essential object of the present invention is to provide an improved padding material which is effective to facilitate levelling, padding or aligning work accurately and reliably, thereby substantially eliminating the disadvantages and inconveniences heretofore encountered in similar work.
  • Another important object of the present invention is to provide an improved padding material of the type referred to above, which exhibits a sufficient durability under severe conditions in which it is used.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved padding material of the type referred to above, in which a synthetic resin satisfying the foregoing requirements is utilized to improve the overall performance and durability thereof.
  • an improved padding material which comprises at least one plate member, made of thennoplastic material, and at least one electric heater fitted to one surface of the plate member.
  • the padding material of the above construction may include a covering enclosing the plate member and the heater together, said covering being made of a sheet of thermal insulating material, for example, non-woven sheet of polyester.
  • the respective numbers of the plate member and the heater may not be limited to one.
  • Two heaters for one plate member can be employed, in which case the individual heaters are fitted to both surfaces of the plate member.
  • one heater for two plate members may be employed, in which case the heater is sandwiched or held in position between the individual plate members.
  • the heater is preferably employed in a corresponding number.
  • the number of the plate members employed is three, at least two heaters can be employed which are respectively held in position between one plate memher and the next adjacent plate member, or four heaters can be employed at maximum, two of which are re- 4 spectively held in position between one plate member and the next adjacent plate member while the other two are respectively fitted to the outer surfaces of the assembled plate members.
  • two or more electric heaters may electrically be series-connected, or otherwise connected to a common source of electric power through a suitable connection, for example, by the use of a power distributing coupler.
  • the electric heater is preferably of a planar type similar to that employed in an electric blanket. Although any other type of electric heater may be employed, the use of the planar heater is preferred for the reason which will become apparent from the later description.
  • Material for the plate member may be a thermoplastic block-copolymerized polyester of a particular composition herein disclosed, which has a melt'viscosity of less temperature dependence; a minimum fluidizing temperature of above C., preferably, within the range of to 220C. and, more preferably, above the range of to 220C.; a brittle point temperature of not higher than 40C., preferably, not higher than 50C.
  • a compressive stress within the range of 5 to 350 kglcm preferably, 10 to 200 kg/cm and, more preferably, 30 to 150 kglcm at the time 5% deformation thereof takes place; a compressive modulus of 300 to 7,000 kglcm preferably, 300 to 5,000 kg/cm and, more preferably, 400 to 4,000 kglcm an impact strength of not less than 10 kg.cm/cm, preferably, above 30 kg.cm/cm and, more preferably, above 50 kg.cm/cm; and a hardness of not less than 20, preferably, above 25, as measured by the use of a D-type Shore durometer.
  • the material for the plate member comprises a block copolymer of a crystalline polyester segment with an amorphous polymer segment.
  • the crystalline polyester segment is of a kind having a high melting point, for example, not less than l50C., when a high molecular weight polymer is produced from the component thereof alone in the form of polyester selected from the group consisting of polylactone, aromatic polyesterether and polyester, said polyester containing an acidic component in the form of aromatic dicarboxylic acid residue and a glycol component which contain one or more compounds selected from the group of an aliphatic diol residue having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic diol residue and alicyclic diol residue.
  • This crystalline polyester segment is employed in an amount within the range of 99 to 15 wt% relative to the total weight of the block copolymer.
  • the non-crystalline polymer segment is of a kind having a melting point lower than that of the crystalline polyester segment and is employed in an amount within the range of l to 85 wt% relative to the total weight of the block copolymer.
  • One or more parameters such as amount and composition of the crystalline polyester segment to be used and amount and composition of the non-crystalline polymer segment to be used, should be determined in consideration of the purpose for which the resultant padding material is utilized and also of desired characteristics the resultant padding material may have.
  • the block copolymer as material for the plate member preferably contains the non-crystalline polymer segment in a relatively great amount within the specific range.
  • the block copolymer preferably contains the non-crystalline polymer segment in a relatively small amount while the crystalline polyester segmentis of either the terephthalic acid type or naphthalene dicarboxylic acid type.
  • the block copolymer which contains, as the crystallinepolyester segment, a polyester prepared from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, such as terephthalic acid, naphthalene dicarboxylic acid or l,2-bis( 4,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) ethane, and an aliphatic diol having 3 to carbon atoms, is preferably employed.
  • the block copolymer which contains one of polylactones as the crystalline polyester segment or which contains an aliphatic polyester as the amorphous polymer segment is preferably employed.
  • the block copolymer which contains a polytetramethylene glycol as the noncrystalline polymer segment is preferably employed.
  • the padding material according to the present invention has many fields of application.
  • the padding material herein disclosed can be utilized to bring a precision machine to a predetermined level irrespective of the surface condition of a foundation or floor on which the machine is to be installed.
  • the padding material herein disclosed is also suited for use in levelling practised not only during machine installation, but during railway construction or building construction, and under any circumstance even where the padding'material might be exposed to a rapid variation in ambient temperature for a substantially long period of time.
  • the levelling pad herein disclosed can also be used as a padding device or an aligning device.
  • An example of the use as a padding device would be filling a gap or clearance between a certain structural member, for example, stationarily held in position, and a subsequently adjacently installed structural member, the final size of which gap or clearance could have been neither predicated nor measured at the time of installation of the adjacent structural member relative to the certain structural member.
  • the padding device in the form of the padding material herein disclosed may be executed in such a manner as to place it in the gap or clearance prior to final fixing of the size of such gap or clearance, subsequently to energize the built-in heater to heat the plate member forming a part of the padding material, and finally to move the subsesired'orpredetermined size can be achieved in the gap I or clearanceSupply of electric power to the built-in heater may be interrupted, at the time or shortly before the gap or clearance achieves the final size, to allow the 6 softened plate member to solidify with its thickness deformed to a value corresponding to the final size of the gap or clearance.
  • the padding material herein disclosed can, if placed between one or both of the structural members and the floor or foundation and operated in a similar manner as hereinbefore described, act as the aligning device.
  • reinforcing agent, modifier, ultraviolet ray absorbent, fire proofing agent and any other additives are added to the block copolymer during the preparation thereof, additional and/or cumulative properties attributable from the addition of one or more of these additives can be imparted to the resultant padding material in addition to those attributable from the selection of material for the crystalline polyester segment and non-crystalline polymer segment.
  • the crystalline polyester segment selected from the group consisting of polyester, polylactone and aromatic polyesterether forming a component of the block copolymer which is used as the material for the plate member generally represents a crystalline structure, when formed into the block copolymer with the noncrystalline polymer segment, has a melting point of not less than C. when formed into a high polymer, and contains an acidic component, which is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid residue, and a glycol component selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic diol residue having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic diol residue and an alicyclic diol residue.
  • Typical examples of this crystalline polyester segment are a homopolyester containing a diol residue selected from the group consisting of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid residue, such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 1,5-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,6- naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,7-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 4,4-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid, bis(4-carboxyphenyl) methane or 4,4-sulfonyldibenzoic acid, an aliphatic diol residue having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as propylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, pentamethylene glycol, 2,2-dimethyl trimethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, decamethylene glycol, pylylene glycol or 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol, an aromatic diol residue and an alicyclic diol residue; a copo
  • the crystalline polyester segment is a polyester comprising the aromatic dicarboxylic acid residue and the diol residue selected from the group consisting of the aliphatic diol residue having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, the aromatic diol residue and the alicyclic diol residue and, more preferably, a copolyester or polyester containing the terephthalic acid residue and the aliphatic glycol residue having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, which polyester contains tetramethylene terephthalate units in 'an amount of 60 mol% or more.
  • the amount of the crystalline polyester segment contained in the resultant block copolymer is within the range of 99 to 15 wt%, preferably within the range of 95 to 40 wt%, more preferably within the range of 90 to 60 wt%, relative to the total weight of the resultant block copolymer.
  • the non-crystalline polymer segment forming the other component of the block copolymer represents a substantially non-crystalline structure, when formed into the block copolymer with the crystalline polyester segment, and has a melting point or a softening point not more than 80C. and a molecular weight within the range of 400 to 8,000, preferably within the range of 600 to 6,000.
  • a polyether glycol such as represented by the following formula is an example of this non-crystalline polymer segment, which may be utilized in the present invention.
  • HO(RO),,H wherein R represents either an alkylene group or a polymethylene group and n is a number selected such as to give the polyether glycol a molecular weight within the range of 400 to 8,000.
  • the non-crystalline polymer segment may be a polyether glycol such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polytetramethylene glycol, a mixture of the polyether glycol components or a copolymerized polyether glycol prepared from the polyether glycol components.
  • a polyether glycol such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polytetramethylene glycol, a mixture of the polyether glycol components or a copolymerized polyether glycol prepared from the polyether glycol components.
  • a condensed aliphatic polyester comprising an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residue such as one having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an aliphatic glycol residue such as one having 2 to 10 carbon atoms
  • an aliphatic polyester for example, polyethylene adipate, polytetramethylene adipate, polyethylene sebacate, polyneopentyl sebacate, polytetramethylene azelate, polytetramethylene dodecanate and polyhexamethylene azelate, which comprises a polylactone such as poly-e-caprolactone or polyvalerolactone; an aliphatic copolyester prepared from two or more of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids or glycols; or a polyester-polyether block copolymer comprising the aliphatic polyester and a polyether can, so far as having the foregoing properties, be employed as the non-crystalline polymer segment.
  • the amount of the non-crystalline polymer segment contained in the resultant block copolymer thereof with the crystalline polyester segment is within the range of 1 to 85 wt%, preferably within the range of to 60 wt% and more preferably within the range of to 40 wt%, relative to the total weight of the resultant block copolymer.
  • Examples of the resultant block copolymer useable in the present invention are a polytetramethylene terephthalate-polyethylene glycol block copolymer; a polytetramethylene terephthalate-polytetramethylene glycol block copolymer; a polytetramethylene terephthalatepolytetramethylene adipate block copolymer; a polytetramethylene terephthalate-polyethylene sebacate block copolymer; a polytetramethylene terephthalatepolyethylene dodecanate block copolymer; a polytetramethylene terephthalate-poly-e-caprolactone block copolymer; a polypivalolactone-poly-e-caprolactone block copolymer; a polytetramethylene terephthalate/isophthalate-polytetramethylene glycol block copolymer; a polytetramethylene terephthalate
  • the most practical block copolymer as the material for the plate member in view of achievement of the various objects of the present invention may be the one which comprises the polyester in an amount within the range of to 60 wt% relative to the total weight of the block copolymer, said polyester containing the tetramethylene terephthalate. units in an amount of 60 mol% or more of the recurring units, and the polytetramethylene glycol in an amount within the range of 10 to 40 wt% relative to the total weight of the block copolymer, said polytetramethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 600 to 6,000.
  • the block copolymer utilizable in the present invention can be prepared by the use of any of known polycondensation methods.
  • one of the methods which may be employed to prepare the block copolymer utilizable in the present invention as the material for the plate member is such that the aromatic dicarboxylic acid or its dimethyl ester, a diol component forming the non-crystalline polymer segment and a diol having a relatively small molecular weight are heated to about to 260C.
  • Another method which may similarly be employed is such that a previously prepared prepolymer forming the crystalline polyester segment and a previously prepared prepolymer forming the non-crystalline polymer segment are mixed and reacted with a difunctional chain-extending agent of a type capable of reacting with the terminal group of any of these prepolymers and, thereafter, the resultant volatile component is removed while the system is held in a substantially high vacuum atmosphere, thereby giving the block copoly mer.
  • a further method which may similarly be employed is such that a crystalline polyester of a high polymerization degree having a relatively high melting point and lactones are mixed while heated and subse-.
  • the block copolymer has a number of favorable properties suitable for the material for the plate member.
  • a thermal-oxidation preventing agent, an ultraviolet ray absorbent and a hydrolysis preventing agent may be added to the block copolymer during the preparation thereof to stabilize the block copolymer against thermal oxidation, ultraviolet rays and/or hydrolysis, respectively.
  • the thermal oxidation preventing agent which may be employed are phenols and their derivatives, aromatic amines, thiopropionic acid esters, and so on.
  • examples of the ultraviolet ray absorbent which may be employed are substituted benzophenones, substituted benzotriazoles and so on while examples of the hydrolysis preventing agent which may be employed are polycarbodiimides and others.
  • any suitable powdered or fibrous filler material such as carbon black, silica, calcium carbonate, glass fiber, carbon fiber or asbestos may be added to the block copolymer. Addition of the filler material is advantageous in that the elastic modulus of material can be improved and the melt viscosity of a component forming the block copolymer,-at the time said component is heated to an elevated temperature substantially above the softening point thereof, can also be improved. This means that the resultant levelling pad can advantageously used to facilitate the levelling or padding work in an accurate manner.
  • block copolymer may contain one or both of pigment and proofing agent if desired.
  • the block copolymer of the composition can, because of its being thermoplastic, be molded into a desired shape of the plate member by any known method, for example, by means of an injection molding technique, an extrusion molding technique or a compression molding technique.
  • the shape and size of the plate member may be selected in consideration of the gap or clearance where the padding material is to be installed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of 'a padding material according to the present invention, with a portion thereof broken away to show the construction thereof,
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a thermoplastic plate member employed in the padding material of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of an electric heater employed in the padding material of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view taken along the line IV--IV in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view taken along the line VV in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of a portion of FIG. 5,
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view of a portion of a railway track structure as viewed in a direction parallel to the lengthwise direction of a rail,
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic side sectional view of the railway track structure as viewed in a direction perpendicular to the lengthwise direction of the rail,
  • FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating variation of the viscosity of the thermoplastic plate member in relation to variation of the temperature
  • FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating the amount of displacement of the thickness of the padding material before operated, in relation to variation of the load applied thereto, and
  • FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating the amount of displacement of the thickness of the padding material after having been operated, in relation to variation of the load applied thereto.
  • the padding material according to the present invention will now be described as having a substantially rectangular configuration and as used in bringing a rail to a predetermined or required level.
  • a padding material comprises a pair of plate members 1 of the same size and made of the block copolymer of the composition as hereinbefore fully described, and a planar electric heater 5 sandwiched or held in position between these plate members 1.
  • each of the plate members 1 for the padding material used for this purpose may, for example, be 5 mm. in thickness, mm. in width and mm. in length.
  • Each of the plate members 1 is formed with a plurality of holes 2 each being, for example, circular in crosssection and extending completely through the thickness of the plate member 1. If reduction of the sum of the thicknesses of the plate members 1 in an amount of approximately 4 mm. is desired (which is achieved by heating the plate members 1 so as to deform under loaded condition in such a manner as will be described later), the sum of the total cross-sectional areas or volumes of the holes 2 in both of the plate members 1 preferably occupies about 40% of the sum of the total surface areas or volumes of both of the plate members 1.
  • each of the holes 2 may, for example, have a diameter of 10
  • the holes 2 in both of the plate members 1 act as means for accommodating portion of the thermoplastic resin forming the individual plate members 1 to permit the latter to be reduced in thickness by the load imposed upon the padding material, at the time said plate members 1 are heated to soften or melt.
  • the heater 5 when the heater 5 is energized to heat the plate members I while the load is imposed on the padding material so as to act in a substantial direction of thickness of the padding material, the individual plate members 1 begins to fluidize permitting the thickness of each of the plate members 1 to be reduced while the fluidized portion of the individual plate members 1 substantially fills up the holes 2.
  • each of the holes 2 may have a cross-sectional shape other than the circular shape, but also a plurality of grooves or a plurality of projections may be employed in place of the illustrated holes 2, in which case the grooves or projection should be formed on one of the surfaces of each of the place members 1 which faces the planar heater 5.
  • the block copolymer for the individual plate members 1 may be in the form of a sintered thermoplastic resin prepared by sintering a thermoplastic resin powder to provide porosity in each of the plate members 1.
  • the holes 2 or any other substitutes therefor are not always necessary depending upon the use of the padding material of the present invention. However, the provision of the holes 2 or their substitutes is recommended in view of the fact that reduction in thickness of the padding material can readily be achieved and, in addition a handsome finish can be achieved.
  • each of the plate members 1 has both sides 3 inclined at an acute angle relative to the plane of the planar heater 5 so that, when both of the plate members 1 are secured, in such a manner as will be described later, with the heater 5 held in position between these plate members 1, substantially inwardly extending V -shaped grooves are respectively formed as at 4 on both sides of the resultant padding material. These grooves 4 function in a substantially similar manner as the holes 2.
  • the planar heater 5 is, as best shown in FIG. 3, is in the from of a substantially flat, woven heating mat 6 of a size having a length substantially equal to the length of each of the plate members and a width greater than the width of each of the plate members by a few millimeters, which woven heating mat 6, has filaments of glass fiber forming the warp and a continuous, thin heating wire 7 forming the woof. Said filaments of glass I fiber and said heating wire 7 are woven together as if to provide a woven cloth. It will therefore be seen that the heating wire 7 extends in a substantially zig-zag manner in the direction of the warp, transversing the filaments of glass fiber.
  • the heating wire 7 for this purpose may be employed in the form of a copper wire of 0.18 mm. in diameter and the number of substantially equally spaced runs of the continuous heating wire 7 extending in the zigzag manner, is preferably within the range of to per inch.
  • the planar heater 5 is held in position between the plate members 1 in such a manner as will now be described.
  • the width of the heater 5, more particularly, the width of the woven heating mat 6, is greater than the width of any of the plate members 1. Therefore, both side portions of the woven heating mat 6, after having been secured with respective lengths of electrically insulating, adhesive tape (not shown), are turned up to provide corresponding loops 8, which loops 8 are, when the woven heating mat 6 is held in position between the plate members 1, accommodated within the respective V-shaped grooves 4 each defined by the side faces 3 of the associated plate members 1.
  • a bonding agent may be used.
  • fusion-bonding is employed. This can be achieved in such a manner that, while the heater 5 is held in position between the plate members in the predetermined arrangement. the heater 5 is first temporarily energized for a period of time sufficient to cause the individual surfaces of the plate members 1, which contact the woven heating mat 6, to melt and the plate members with the heater 5 therebetween are subsequently allowed to stand until the melted surfaces of the plate members 1 solidify. It will readily be seen that at the time of completion of the fusion bonding, both surfaces of the woven heating mat 6 have been interlocked with the respective surfaces of the plate members 1.
  • one of the opposite end faces of any one of the plate members 1 is provided with a pair of terminal members 10, which may, for example, be embedded into the end face of the plate member 1 with respective portions externally projected.
  • These terminal members 10 are respectively connected with opposite ends of the heating wire 7, naked portions adjacent the opposite ends of the heating wire 7 being inserted through individual electrically insulating sheathings ll.
  • Extending from the terminal members 10 is a pair of lead wires 12 having one ends connected to said terminal members 10 and the other ends connected to a coupler 13, for example, a plug-in jack, for connection with a source of electric power.
  • the padding material of the above construction may be enclosed, or otherwise packed, within a covering 9 made of a non-woven polyester sheet of 0.1 to 0.2 mm. in thickness.
  • the use of the covering 9 is advantageous in that a loss of thermal energy originating from the energized heating wire 7 can be substantially reduced.
  • heating wire 7 has been described as extending in the substantially zig-zag manner, it may be arranged in a substantially spiral or coiled configuration which is recommended in case where the padding material is desired to be circular in shape.
  • planar heater employed in this specification and appended claims is intended to mean a heater, such as designated by 5 of the above construction, of a type capable of emitting heat energy uniformly from at least one surface thereof in a direction substantially perpendicular to said surface.
  • the employment of this type of heater as practised in the present invention is particularly advantageous in respect that the whole surface of each of the plate members 1 which contacts the heater should be softened or melted uniformly to facilitate simultaneous displacement of local points in each plate member 1 in the direction of thickness of said plate member in accordance with distribution of the load applied thereon.
  • the padding material of the aforesaid construction is practically used in such a manner as will now be described with particular reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • the roadbed in the illustrated embodiment is shown in the form of a concrete roadbed 21 and includes slabs 22, for example, 5 meters in length and made of reinforced or prestressed concrete, which slabs are paved end-to-end on the upper surface of the concrete roadbed 22.
  • slabs 22 Secured on the upper surface of the pavement of the slabs 22 and equally spaced, for example, 0.6 meter from each other in a straight line are tie plates 23 of a shape substantially as shown in FIG. 7.
  • a length of rail 26 is to be supported on the tie plates 23.
  • a required number of padding materials are placed one for each tie plate and held in position within the recesses 23a of the respective tie plates 23, and the rail 26 is subsequently lowered to rest on the padding materials 24.
  • rubber pads 25 corresponding in number to the padding materials 24 employed may be placed in between the padding materials 24 and the bottom face of the rail 26, if desired, for substantially absorbing shocks which may be created as a train runs on the track.
  • each of the plate members 1 of any of the padding materials 24 begins to melt from the surface adjacent the corresponding heater 5 to the opposite surface and, as melting of the plate members 1 in all the padding materials 24 progresses, the rail 26 is lowered by its own gravity while the thickness of each of the padding materials 24 decreases.
  • the volume of a space where any one of the padding materials 24 is accommodated and which is substantially defined by wall portions, defining the recess 23a in each tie plate 23, and the bottom face of the rail 26 decreases as the rail 26 is lowered, and the melted resin forming each of the plate members 1 tends to extemallyooze from the above mentioned space.
  • this oozing action can be advantageously avoided. In other words, some or all of the holes 2 in the plate members 1 of each of the levelling pads 24 become filled up with the melted resin in a substantially proportional relation to reduction of the volume of said space.
  • the rail 26 becomes supported temporarily on a plurality of adjustment pieces (not shown) that have previously been installed below the rail 26 one for each interval between one tie plate and the next adjacent tie plate.
  • the adjustment pieces may have different height, but should have the top surfaces lying on the same plate in conformity of the horizonal level to which the rail 26 is brought.
  • the planar heaters 5 of all the padding materials 24 are deenergized to interrupt the heating operation and, thereafter, the individual materials 24 are allowed to stand until the melted portions of the plate members of each material .24 solidify completely while the rail 26 is still supported on the adjustment pieces.
  • the padding material 24 vary in overall thickness in compensation for variation of the space between the foundation and the predetermined level to which the rail 26 is brought, thereby holding the rail 26 to the predetermined level. Comparison of two of the padding materials, such as indicated by 24' and 24", for example, illustrates this fact. The same notion can apply to the other padding materials. Therefore, no gap or clearance will be created between the bottoom face of the rail 26 and the upper surface of any of the rubber pads 25, if the latter are employed, or of any of the padding materials 24 if said rubber pads 25 are not employed.
  • each padding material 24 may, instead of being placed in between the rail 26 and the tie plate 23, be placed in between the tie plate 23 and the foundation, i.e., the slab 22.
  • tie plates 23 have been described as rigidly secured to the foundation, they may be rigidly secured to crossties or sleepers which are in turn secured to the slabs 22 or to the concrete roadbed 21, or otherwise supported on the known ballast, spaced several ten centimeters from each other.
  • the block copolymer for the material of the individual plate members was prepared in the following varieties of different composition.
  • the polytetramethylene glycol is contained therein as the noncrystalline polymer segment in an amount of 48 wt% relative to the total weight of the block copolymer.
  • the poly-e-caprolactone was contained therein as the noncrystalline polymer segment in an amount of wt% relative to the total weight of the block copolymer.
  • the solution viscosity of the polytetramethylene terephthalate was measured at a temperature of C. and by the use of a solvent composed of a mixture of 6 moles of phenol and 4 moles of tetrachloroethane.
  • a block coplymer which comprises 1,075 parts of polytetramethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1,075 on an average, 1,164 parts of dimethyl terephthalate and 810 parts of tetramethylene glycol.
  • the polytetramethylene glycol was contained as the noncrystalline polymer segment in an amount of 46 wt% relative to the total weight of the block copolymer.
  • a block copolymer which comprises 1,100 parts of polytetramethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1,100 on an average, 1,670 parts of dimethyl terephthalate, 470 parts of dimethyl isophthalate and 1,490 parts of tetramethylene glycol.
  • the polytetramethylene glycol was contained as the non-crystalline polymer segment in an amount of 32 wt% relative to the total weight of the block copolymer.
  • a poly-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzoate-polytetramethylene glycol block copolymer which comprises 1,075 parts of polytetramethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1,075 on an average, and 2,520 parts of methyl-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzoate.
  • the polytetramethylene glycol was contained as the non-crystalline polymer segment in an amount of 30 wt% relative to the total weight of the block copolymer.
  • the poly-ecaprolactone was contained as the non-crystalline polymer segment in an amount of 40 wt% relative to the total weight of the block copolymer.
  • a block copolymer which comprises 2,150 parts of polytetramethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1,075 on an average, 5,800 parts of dimethyl terephthalate and 8,800 parts of tetramethylene glycol, all being racted by the known polycondensation method.
  • the non-crystalline polymer segment was contained in an amount of 25.5 wt% relative to the total weight of the block copolymer.
  • a block copolymer which comprises 2,150 parts of polytetramethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1,075 on an average, 2,900 parts of dimethyl-2,7-naphthalene dicarboxylate and 2,700 parts of tetramethylene glycol, all being reacted by the known polycondensation method.
  • the non-crystalline polymer segment was contained in an amount of 30 wt% relative to the total weight of the block copolymer.
  • Comparision A block copolymer which comprises 2,000 parts of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 2,000 on an average, 380 parts of dimethyl terephthalate and 300 parts of tetramethylene glycol, all being reacted ,by the known polycondensation method.
  • the non-crystalline polymer segment was contained in an amount of 85.5 wt% relative to the total weight of the block copolymer.
  • injection molded test pieces were each prepared from a dryblended mixture of parts of the block copolymer under the individual Varieties l to IX and Comparision, 0.3 part of 4,4'-thio-bis(6-tert.-butyl-3-methylphenol), 0.3 part of distearyl dithiopropionate and 0.5 part of carbon black (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd. under a tradename Fanes Black HAF). The test results are tabulated in the subsequent entry.
  • test piece I contains the block copolymer under Variety l
  • test piece 11 the block copolymer under Variety II
  • test piece 111 the block copolymer under Variety III
  • test piece IV the block copolymer under Variety IV, and so on
  • test piece designated by Com. contains the block copolymer under Comparision.
  • Types Of Testpieces Types of Test 1 II III IV V VI VII VIII IX COM.
  • FIG. 9 which illustrates curves each representing a relationship between the temperature of the block copolymer and the rate at which the block copolymer under pressure emerged from the nozzle of the flow tester.
  • each of the padding materials tested was first subjected to a load of 5 tons and then with a load of 10 tons and the test results of the fresh padding material and of the operated padding material are shown in FIGS. 10 and l 1, respectively. It is to be noted that each of the broken lines in FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrates how the thickness of the corresponding padding material recovered after the applied load has been removed.
  • the fresh padding material has a spring constant of approximately tons per centimeter while the operated levelling pad has a spring constant of approximately 300 tons per centimeter. It will also be understood that the molded article I has a spring constant similar to that of a rubber.
  • any of the molded articles I to IX according to the present invention clearly satisfy the requirements (I) to (5) hereinabove described.
  • the padding material according to the present invention is effectively utilized in levelling, padding or aligning girders, rails or any other constructional or structural elements merely by heating at least one thermoplastic plate members to allow the thickness thereof to reduce with the concurrent application of pressure thereto.
  • the padding material according to the present invention can be easily manufactured at a relatively low cost. No substantial change in physical properties with time occur in the padding material of the present invention and, therefore, the padding material of the present invention can be left where it has been installed without causing any levelling, padding or alignment error.
  • each of the side faces 3 of any of the plate members 1 may be at right angles to the plane of the corresponding plate members. In any event, these changes and modifications should be construed as included within the true scope of the present invention unless otherwise they depart therefrom.
  • An electrically heated alignment pad which comprises at least one flat plate member of thermoplastic resin, and at least one thin flat electric heater having one surface laying against substantially the whole flat surface of said plate member for heating said plate member to soften said plate member, the other surface of said heater adapted to be held in electrically insulated relationship to the surface supporting it, and to an article to be aligned, said plate member and heater having a structure the thickness of which is reduced when an external compressive force is applied thereto when said plate member is in the heat softened condition, whereby an object through which the compressive force is applied can be moved by the reduction of thickness of the alignment pad for adjusting the position thereof in the direction of the force being applied to the alignment pad; said plate member having a plurality of apertures therein into which portions of said plate member around said apertures flow laterally upon the softening of said plate member when said compressive force is applied thereto; said thermoplastic resin being a block copolymer which comprises a crystalline polyester segment in an amount of 99 to 15 wt% relative to the total weight of said block copo
  • polymer segment having a melting or softening point not more than 80C. in itself and a molecular weight of not less than 400, said block copolymer having a minimum fluidizing temperature of from 130 to 220C, a brittle point temperature of below 40C., a compressive stress of from 5 to 350 kglcm at 5% deformation thereof, a compressive modulus of from 300 to 7,000 kglcm an impact strength of not less than kg.cm/cm and a D-type Shore hardness of not less than 20.
  • said crystalline polyester segment is a polyester containing an aromatic dicarboxylic acid residue and one or more diol residues selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic diol residue having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alicyclic diol residue and an aromatic diol residue
  • said non-crystalline polymer segment is a polyether glycol represented by the fonnular, HO(R O),,H, wherein R is a selected one of alkylene and polymethylene groups and n is a number selected such as to render the polyether glycol to have a molecular weight within the range of 400 to 8,000.
  • said crystalline polyester segment is a polyester containing polyletramethylene terephthalate or a copolyester containing a tetramethylene terephthalate unit in an amount of not less than 60 mol% and wherein said noncrystalline polymer segment is a polytetramethylene glycol.
  • a pad as claimed in claim ll wherein said minimum fluidizing temperature is within the range of to 220C, said brittle point temperature is not more than 50C., said compressive stress is within the range of 10 to 200 kglcm said compressive modulus is within the range of 300 to 5,000, said impact strength is not less than 30 kg.cm/cm and said hardness is not less than 25.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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US511471A 1973-10-01 1974-10-01 Electrically heated alignment pad Expired - Lifetime US3924103A (en)

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JP (1) JPS5636241B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1016140A (fr)
DE (1) DE2446195C2 (fr)
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GB (1) GB1466769A (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4021638A (en) * 1974-09-25 1977-05-03 Kensuke Asakura Method and apparatus for the destruction of an upper portion of a structure
US4117033A (en) * 1976-12-10 1978-09-26 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polyoxymethylene/copolyether-ester blends
US4243580A (en) * 1979-01-08 1981-01-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Elastomeric copolyether-ester/polyoxymethylene
DE3835607A1 (de) * 1987-10-20 1989-05-03 Toyo Boseki Viskoelastische harzmasse insbesondere fuer verbundwerkstoffe zur schwingungsdaempfung
WO2001028291A2 (fr) * 1999-10-13 2001-04-19 Watlow Polymer Technologies Element de chauffage contenant un materiau de resistance cousu
US20120311957A1 (en) * 2009-12-03 2012-12-13 Zhishen Wu Anchoring method for external bonding and reinforcing technique with prestressed fiber cloth
US11083329B2 (en) * 2014-07-03 2021-08-10 B/E Aerospace, Inc. Multi-phase circuit flow-through heater for aerospace beverage maker

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT387249B (de) * 1985-07-02 1988-12-27 Semperit Ag Elastomere zwischenplatte
DE102008007495A1 (de) * 2008-02-05 2009-08-06 Semperit Ag Holding Unterlegplatte und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

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US2185692A (en) * 1939-06-19 1940-01-02 Benjamin E Lawrence Heating pad
US2735926A (en) * 1956-02-21 langlois
US2741692A (en) * 1952-11-26 1956-04-10 Goodrich Co B F Electrically heated protective covering for an airfoil and method of making the covering
US2938992A (en) * 1958-04-18 1960-05-31 Electrofilm Inc Heaters using conductive woven tapes
US3584198A (en) * 1968-02-29 1971-06-08 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Flexible electric surface heater
US3662951A (en) * 1970-07-28 1972-05-16 Trw Inc Adjustable rail fastener with meltable filler
US3682846A (en) * 1969-10-27 1972-08-08 Toray Industries Polyester filaments having an improved water-absorbing property
US3688984A (en) * 1970-02-16 1972-09-05 Ferroviaires Soc Elastically yieldable insulating rail fastening device
US3745302A (en) * 1971-06-24 1973-07-10 Agbabian Jacobson Ass Locking device for an adjustable support system
US3766146A (en) * 1971-03-18 1973-10-16 Du Pont Segmented thermoplastic copolyester elastomers
US3784520A (en) * 1972-01-26 1974-01-08 Du Pont Segmented thermoplastic copolyesters

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NL6704721A (fr) * 1967-04-03 1968-10-04
BE753040A (fr) * 1969-07-18 1970-12-16 Du Pont Elastomeres de copolyesters thermoplastiques segmentes
JPS502973Y2 (fr) * 1972-12-13 1975-01-27
JPS502974Y2 (fr) * 1972-12-13 1975-01-27
JPS4949528B2 (fr) * 1972-12-13 1974-12-27
JPS502972Y2 (fr) * 1972-12-13 1975-01-27
JPS502975Y2 (fr) * 1972-12-14 1975-01-27

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2735926A (en) * 1956-02-21 langlois
US2185692A (en) * 1939-06-19 1940-01-02 Benjamin E Lawrence Heating pad
US2741692A (en) * 1952-11-26 1956-04-10 Goodrich Co B F Electrically heated protective covering for an airfoil and method of making the covering
US2938992A (en) * 1958-04-18 1960-05-31 Electrofilm Inc Heaters using conductive woven tapes
US3584198A (en) * 1968-02-29 1971-06-08 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Flexible electric surface heater
US3682846A (en) * 1969-10-27 1972-08-08 Toray Industries Polyester filaments having an improved water-absorbing property
US3688984A (en) * 1970-02-16 1972-09-05 Ferroviaires Soc Elastically yieldable insulating rail fastening device
US3662951A (en) * 1970-07-28 1972-05-16 Trw Inc Adjustable rail fastener with meltable filler
US3766146A (en) * 1971-03-18 1973-10-16 Du Pont Segmented thermoplastic copolyester elastomers
US3745302A (en) * 1971-06-24 1973-07-10 Agbabian Jacobson Ass Locking device for an adjustable support system
US3784520A (en) * 1972-01-26 1974-01-08 Du Pont Segmented thermoplastic copolyesters

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4021638A (en) * 1974-09-25 1977-05-03 Kensuke Asakura Method and apparatus for the destruction of an upper portion of a structure
US4117033A (en) * 1976-12-10 1978-09-26 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polyoxymethylene/copolyether-ester blends
US4243580A (en) * 1979-01-08 1981-01-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Elastomeric copolyether-ester/polyoxymethylene
DE3835607A1 (de) * 1987-10-20 1989-05-03 Toyo Boseki Viskoelastische harzmasse insbesondere fuer verbundwerkstoffe zur schwingungsdaempfung
DE3835607C2 (de) * 1987-10-20 2003-12-18 Toyo Boseki Verbundwerkstoff zur Schwingungsdämpfung
WO2001028291A2 (fr) * 1999-10-13 2001-04-19 Watlow Polymer Technologies Element de chauffage contenant un materiau de resistance cousu
WO2001028291A3 (fr) * 1999-10-13 2008-07-17 Watlow Polymer Technologies Element de chauffage contenant un materiau de resistance cousu
US20120311957A1 (en) * 2009-12-03 2012-12-13 Zhishen Wu Anchoring method for external bonding and reinforcing technique with prestressed fiber cloth
US8776474B2 (en) * 2009-12-03 2014-07-15 Zhishen Wu & Beijing Texida Technology Co., Ltd. Anchoring method for external bonding and reinforcing technique with prestressed fiber cloth
US11083329B2 (en) * 2014-07-03 2021-08-10 B/E Aerospace, Inc. Multi-phase circuit flow-through heater for aerospace beverage maker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2246376B1 (fr) 1979-02-16
CA1016140A (en) 1977-08-23
JPS5636241B2 (fr) 1981-08-22
DE2446195C2 (de) 1981-11-19
FR2246376A1 (fr) 1975-05-02
GB1466769A (en) 1977-03-09
DE2446195A1 (de) 1975-04-03
JPS5059906A (fr) 1975-05-23

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