US3923410A - Perforated interlocking slab - Google Patents

Perforated interlocking slab Download PDF

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Publication number
US3923410A
US3923410A US516146A US51614674A US3923410A US 3923410 A US3923410 A US 3923410A US 516146 A US516146 A US 516146A US 51614674 A US51614674 A US 51614674A US 3923410 A US3923410 A US 3923410A
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Prior art keywords
slab
rows
perforations
outline
portions
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Expired - Lifetime
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US516146A
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English (en)
Inventor
Reinhard Jordan
Langsdorff Fritz Von
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F von Langsdorff Licensing Ltd
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F von Langsdorff Bauverfahren GmbH
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Assigned to F. VON LANGSDORFF LICENSING LIMITED reassignment F. VON LANGSDORFF LICENSING LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BARTH GUNTER, F. VON LANGSDORFF BAUVERFAHREN GMBH, VON LANGSDORFF, FRITZ
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • E01C9/004—Pavings specially adapted for allowing vegetation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways

Definitions

  • the perforations passing from the face to the back of the slab and being disposed in first rows that extend parallel to each other and in second rows that extend at right angles to the first rows and parallel to each other, the first and second rows extending obliquely with respect to the rectangular base line
  • the first rows of perforations can extend in the same direction as the diagonal of the rectangular base line (one of the first rows being situated on that diagorial).
  • Recesses at the corners and midway of the longitudinal sides, combine in an array of such slabs to form perforations of like shape and area as the perforations of the slab.
  • This invention relates to perforated interlocking slabs (which term is used herein to include structural elements and cladding and paving elements in the nature of blocks, bricks, stones, flags and the like) made for example of cement and is applicable particularly though not exclusively to slabs intended for consolidation of turfed areas or sloping banks, e.g. fire engine access ways, garage drives, parking plots etc.
  • a perforated interlocking slab is also known which is twice as long as it is wide.
  • the slab also has such an outline that it can be laid in a herringbone formation.
  • the perforations are also arranged in first rows and second rows which are parallel to one another; these rows cross at right angles and extend parallel to the longitudinal sides and transverse ends of the slab.
  • the slabs with which the invention is concerned are often laid on areas which have straight boundary edges, for example garage drives, parking places, fire engine ramps and the like. Consequently the slabs are usually laid with their longitudinal sides or transverse ends parallel to those straight edges. Consequently if the rows of perforations extend parallel to the longitudinal sides and/or parallel to the transverse ends of the slabs, numerous disadvantages result when wheeled vehicles are driven over or parked on a covered area, parallel to or at right angles to its straight boundary edge.
  • the invention provides a perforated interlocking slab comprising in combination a face and a back bounded by an outline, said outline having portions that project and portions that are withdrawn with respect to a notional base line that forms a rectangle with opposite sides twice as long as its opposite ends are wide; said projections and withdrawn portions forming a matching pattern on said opposite ends and a matching pattern on each half length (regarded as extending from a comer) of said opposite sides of the slab whereby another like slab selectively oriented with its end abutting said half length and oriented with half the length of its side abutting said half length as may be desired interengages with said half length to prevent relative displacement longitudinally with respect to said half length; said perforations passing from said face to said back of the slab and being disposed in first rows that extend parallel to each other and in second rows that extend at right angles to said first rows and parallel to each other, said first and second rows extending obliquely with respect to said rectangular base line.
  • rows of course refer
  • the outline of the slab includes straight line portions extending in zig-zag fashion relatively to the base line. These straight line portions preferably form right angles with one another at the corners of the slabs. Between the corners the straight line portions preferably intersect at obtuse angles. Preferably the angle of intersection of the straight line portions with the base line is the same throughout. In another preferred form the sides and ends of the slab are corrugated. Preferably all the projections and withdrawn portions project or are set back from the base line by the same distances (and also preferably the recesses mentioned below are recessed by constant distances when present).
  • the first rows extend in the same direction as the diagonal of the rectangular base line, one of the first rows preferably being situated on the diagonal.
  • the perforations can be distributed in a particularly advantageous manner over the slab surface.
  • first rows extend parallel to first straight portions of the slab outline.
  • second rows are also situated parallel to second straight portions of the slab outline, an advantageous distribution of perforations is obtained which is adapted to the slab outline.
  • the slab outline includes one or more recesses of which the area as seen in plan is equivalent to part of the area of a perforation.
  • the location of the recess or recesses is in the perforation rows.
  • the area of the or each recess is equivalent to one half or one quarter of the area of a perforation.
  • the individual recesses can be of different sizes.
  • the or each recess is so disposed that when the slab is laid in abutment with one or more other like slabs, adjacent recesses of neighbouring slabs combine to form a gap akin to a perforation. It is particularly advantageous if all the recesses are supplemented by adjacent recesses of adjacent slabs to fonn perforations. As a result, when a structure or formation is completed using such slabs, the recesses are substantially no longer recognisable as such.
  • the perforations form a pattern. preferably if the pattern is continued from slab to slab in the formation. It is particularly advantageous to arrange the slab so that the first and/or second rows are continued in the formation from slab to slab.
  • the webs between the perforations have the same width in the row direction.
  • the webs between the perforations nearest the outline and the recess-free outline at this region have half the width of the webs between perforations in the row direction. In this way a formation is obtained which is particularly pleasing in appearance and has good load-bearing properties, since the width of the webs between perforations is constant over the entire formation.
  • perforation shapes it is preferred to use perforations which are round, circular, polygonal or square in their basic plan. these being also particularly easy to produce. Naturally, on the other hand, substantially any basic shapes can be used for the perforations.
  • the perforations in the direction from the face to the back of the slab, it is preferable to use prismatic perforations. that is to say perforations of constant cross-section over the height of the slab, or perforations which widen towards the face of the block.
  • prismatic perforations that is to say perforations of constant cross-section over the height of the slab, or perforations which widen towards the face of the block.
  • the anchorage of the slab to the foundation or subsoil is improved when grass grows and a greater concentration of material is obtained in the lower region of the slab, which can be advantageous for obtaining a secure position.
  • the perforations all to be of the same shape.
  • An area laid with such slabs is better able to take wheeled vehicles if the slab has a flat face and a flat back. But if it is desired to have a relatively small total web surface visible at the top parts of the slab in the region of its face can be sunken. It is particularly advantageous to provide channel-shaped depressions between the first and/or second rows. These channel-shaped depressions preferably have in cross-section a bottom portion which corresponds to the form of an isosceles triangle with the apex directed upwards.
  • Particularly preferred fields of use for such slabs include the covering of areas of turf which after sowing have a substantially green effect and yet can be traversed by wheeled vehicles, and the covering of banks, more particularly river and lake banks and the like. Owing to the perforations in the slabs they are secured to the subsoil in a particularly secure manner. Of course it is possible to use the slabs to lay garage drives, Courtyards etc., and the perforations can be filled with gravel, asphalt, coloured ashes or the like.
  • Such slabs have many advantages resulting particu larly from the disposition of the rows of perforations obliquely to the sides of the base line of the slab.
  • the wheels mounted on a common axle will not simultaneously bear on perforations of a single row; this lessens the risk of heavy loading of areas of weak cross-section. Also the wheels will not then drive over consecutive perforations of a row and this lessens the risk of setting up powerful vibrations at certain speeds which might prove harmful to a vehicle suspension system.
  • FIG. 1 shows in plan view a slab with round perforations which comprises at its outside recesses which occupy half or a quarter of the area of a perforation;
  • FIG. 2 shows in plan view a slab with square perforations and straight-sided recesses at the outline
  • FIG. 3 shows in plan view a composite representation of slabs with round perforations and outline recesses, illustrative of a slab having a corrugated outline and of a slab having a zigzag outline;
  • FIG. 4 shows in plan view a slab similar to that shown in FIG. 2, but having in the top regions channel-like depressions between the first rows;
  • FIG. 5 shows a section taken on the line IX-IX of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 shows a section on the line X-X of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 1 The outline of an interlocking slab l embodying the invention and shown in FIG. 1 can be regarded as having a notional base line that forms a rectangle covering two squares i.e. having sides twice as long as its ends are wide, with four corner points 6.
  • the sides and ends of the slab l are formed of straight outline portions following a zigzag course, these portions being partly interrupted or cut into by recesses which will be described below. Beginning with the corner 6 at the lower left-hand portion of FIG.
  • a straight outline portion extends along a sixth of the base line longitudinal side outwards at an inclination, then this is followed by a straight outline portion 42 which extends inwards at an inclination along a sixth of the base line length, this portion at a half-way point on its length intersecting the longitudinal side constituted by the base line, then there follows a straight outline portion which extends outwards along a third of the base line length a halfway along its length intersects the base line and then there follows again an inwardly directed straight outline portion 42 extending along a sixth of the base line length, and, half-way along its length, intersecting the base line, and finally there follows a last straight outwardly directed outline portion which extends along a sixth of the base line length and ends at the left upper corner point 6 in FIG.
  • third and fifth outline portions Owing to the pattern described there are formed at the longitudinal side of the slab two non-symmetrical projecting portions 22 and two non-symmetrical withdrawn portions 24. Also the outline form of the first half of the slab length is identically repeated along the second half.
  • the upper transverse end in FIG. 1 also has an identical repetition of one half of the longitudinal slab side, the corresponding outline portion being turned through 90. If this outline portion is turned through a further 90, the resultant shape is that of the outline of the upper half of the second longitudinal side of the slab, which can then be supplemented by again adding an identical profile to form a complete longitudinal side. Further turning of the lower half of the second iongitudinal side through 90 gives the outline of the lower end of the slab l in FIG. 1.
  • recesses are provided comprising semi-circular recesses 32 at a half-way point on the longitudinal sides and quadrant-shaped recesses .34 at the four corners 6. If these recesses 32, 34 are disregarded therefore, the outlines of the longitudinal sides and the outlines of the transverse ends of the slab l are repeats of one another which would coincide upon side to side or end to end displacement.
  • One of the first rows 2 of circular perforations is situated on a diagonal between two corners 6, namely on a diagonal between the comers 6 from which the straight outline portions at the longitudinal sides of the slab extend obliquely outwards.
  • this diagonal four perforations 10 are arranged which have a constant web width a.
  • the web within between the respective outermost perforatons of this row and the recesses 34 which are situated adjacent in the row is also a.
  • Two further first rows 2 extend parallel to the first row 2 just described, and the perforations 10 of these further first rows 2 have the same size as the perforations 10 of the first row 2 situated on the diagonal.
  • These further first rows 2 include the semi-circular recesses 32 half-way along the longitudinal sides of the slab, whereby the spacing of the first rows 2 is defined.
  • These further first rows 2 thus consist in each case of two perforations 10 having an intervening web width a, followed in each case by a semi-circular recess 32 again of a web width
  • a pattern of perforations l0 and recesses 32, 34 at the outline of the slab 1 is produced which comprises three first rows 2 and four second rows 4 situated at right angles to the first rows, the second rows each consisting of two perforations 10 and a corner recess 34 or a recess 32 situated centrally of the longitudinal side.
  • the web width amounts in each case to /2 0; otherwise a web width a is also maintained in the second rows 4.
  • the first rows 2 and the second rows 4 extend at an inclina' tion to the notional rectangular base line.
  • the perfora tions designated as 10 inches in FIG. 1 are also situated in a straight line. But this line does not constitute a row in the sense of the present invention, since the web width along this line is greater than a.
  • the amount by which the projections and withdrawn portions 22 and 24 deviate from the base line can be so selected, with the outline described for the slab 1, that first straight outline portions 42, which are the portions described above as the second and fourth in the series,
  • second straight outline portions 44 which represent the central outline portions of the transverse ends of the slabs I, extend parallel to the second rows 4 of perforations 10.
  • the perforations may also be conical.
  • the perforations 10 can widen upwards or downwards.
  • the slab 1 shown in FIG. 2 represents a modification of the slab 1 described in connection with FIG. I.
  • the perforations 10 have a square basic shape, the webs being situated between sides parallel to one another of adjacent square perforations 10.
  • the corner recesses 34 are produced by cutting off at straight lines the corners 6 of the slab I devoid of outline recesses, the outline form of the slab disregarding the recesses having been fully described in connection with FIG. 1, whereas the recesses 32 at the half-way point of the longitudinal sides of the slab are in the form of a square divided along its diagonal.
  • FIG. 3 shows in a single illustration two slabs I embodying the invention.
  • the right-hand lower half is so arranged that, starting from the right-hand upper corner there is first of all situated at one longitudinal side a curved projecting portion 22 and then a congruent curved withdrawn portion 24, then again a congruent curved projecting portion 22 and finally a congruent corved withdrawn portion 24.
  • the other longitudinal side is identical in form and can be produced by parallel transposition of the first side.
  • the transverse ends each have an outline shape which corresponds to half a longitudinal side, starting from one corner. In this way the outline is always given a right angle at each corner.
  • quadrant-shaped recesses are provided at the corners as shown in FIG. I and semi-circular recesses at the half-way point of the longitudinal slab sides as shown in FIG. I.
  • the perforations are cylindrical, all of the same diameter, and arranged like the perforations in the embodiment shown in FIG. I.
  • the outline is formed from straight outline portions arranged along a zigzag course. There are two short portions of identical length next the corners of the longitudinal side of the slab and three straight portions situated between them, and also of identical length. The inclination of all the outline portions relatively to the base line length is identical. Therefore, here again the longitudinal outline side constitutes a repetition of the profile portion; the outline of the transverse end is brought about by turning one such portion through 90. Disregarding the recesses, opposite outline sides match on parallel transposition.
  • quadrant-shaped recesses 34 are also provided and a semi-circular recess 32 half-way along the length of the slabv
  • the illustrated arrangement of perforations I is also valid for the portion of a slab 1 shown at the left-hand upper regions in FIG. 3.
  • Cylindrical perforations are provided in the slab l in the same way as described in connection with FIG. 1, but the first rows 2 do not extend parallel to the first outline portions 42' and the second rows 4 are also not parallel to the second outline portions 44.
  • This kind of pattern can also be achieved with a slab as shown at the left and upper sides in FIG. 3, if the extent of the projecting and withdrawn portions 22 and 24 respectively is made correspondingly large.
  • the two slabs l which are shown in FIG. 3 may also be provided with square perforations 10 as shown in FIGv 2 or with any other shape of perforations l0.
  • the recesses 32, 34 at the slab outline are then made to resemble the shape of the perforations 10, or the recesses are omitted.
  • the slab shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 is a modification of the slab shown in FIG. 2, channel-shaped depressions 71 being formed between the first rows 2 of perforations 10.
  • the top of the slab 1 has sunken portions so that the actual flat top 80 of the block 1 comprises only the webs between the perforations 10 of the first rows 2, which occupy the entire height of the slab l.
  • the bottom of these channel-shaped depressions 71 comprises in cross-section the outline of an isosceles triangle with the apex situated above, so that in plan view there is an edge 72 in the middle of the channel-shaped depressions 71.
  • the slab 1 shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 thus has a considerably larger grassable surface.
  • the groove shape for the depressions 71 described here afi'ords particularly good drainage for rainwater.
  • the outline of slabs embodying the invention can also be provided with a larger number of projecting and withdrawn portions than shown in the illustrations and can be made to a correspondingly larger size, so that one such slab can have a plurality of slabs as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 laid abutting it.
  • the slabs embodying the invention can be made to any desired size. A size of about cm wide and 60 cm long is particularly useful; the thickness can be of the order of I2 cm for example.
  • the slabs can conveniently be made by a normal cement casting or moulding process.
  • the outline of the slabs is preferably made centrally symmetrical, either disregarding the recesses or even taking them into account.
  • the opposite outline sides and ends of the slab reproduce one another by parallel transposition.
  • Perforated interlocking slab comprising in combination a face and a back bounded by an outline, said outline having portions that project and portions that are withdrawn with respect to a notional base line that forms a rectangle with opposite sides twice as long as its opposite ends are wide; said projections and withdrawn portions forming a matching pattern on said opposite ends and a matching pattern on each half length (regarded as extending from a corner) of said opposite sides of the slab whereby another like slab selectively oriented with its end abutting said half length and oriented with half the length of its side abutting said half length as may be desired interengages with said half length to prevent relative displacement longitudinally with respect to said half length; said perforations passing from said face to said back of the slab and being dis posed in first rows that extend parallel to each other and in second rows that extend at right angles to said first rows and parallel to each other, said first and second rows extending obliquely with respect to said rectangular base line.
  • each said recess is equivalent to at least one and not exceeding two quarters of the area of a said perforation.
  • each said recess is so disposed in said pattern that when said slab is laid in abutment with other like slabs, adjacent recesses of neighbouring slabs combine to form a gap akin to a perforation.
US516146A 1973-10-31 1974-10-21 Perforated interlocking slab Expired - Lifetime US3923410A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2354600A DE2354600C3 (de) 1973-10-31 1973-10-31 Mit Durchbrechungen versehener Verbundstein und Verband aus Verbundsteinen

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US3923410A true US3923410A (en) 1975-12-02

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US516146A Expired - Lifetime US3923410A (en) 1973-10-31 1974-10-21 Perforated interlocking slab

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US (1) US3923410A (sv)
JP (1) JPS5538442B2 (sv)
AT (1) AT351454B (sv)
CA (1) CA1015193A (sv)
CH (1) CH600063A5 (sv)
DE (1) DE2354600C3 (sv)
DK (1) DK567374A (sv)
FR (1) FR2249995B1 (sv)
GB (1) GB1451024A (sv)
SE (1) SE399920B (sv)
ZA (1) ZA746978B (sv)

Cited By (20)

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US4621942A (en) * 1984-09-27 1986-11-11 Bartron Corporation Grass paving structure
US4850739A (en) * 1988-01-26 1989-07-25 Gargollo Roberto L Method and apparatus for constructing an articulated pavement system
WO1989007172A1 (en) * 1988-01-26 1989-08-10 San Luis Oil Corporation Method and apparatus for articulated pavement system
US5035532A (en) * 1989-01-16 1991-07-30 Gargollo Roberto L Method and apparatus for constructing an articulated pavement system
US5332191A (en) * 1992-10-26 1994-07-26 Nolan Terry L Apparatus for making concrete slabs
US5400561A (en) * 1992-12-09 1995-03-28 Metten Produktions-Und-Handel Gmbh Concrete blocks having through holes for water drainage
US5428934A (en) * 1993-11-26 1995-07-04 Tomek; Debby E. Interlocking slab elements
USD426897S (en) * 1999-03-04 2000-06-20 Giuseppe Abbracati Paving brick
US20030070384A1 (en) * 2001-09-15 2003-04-17 Andreas Drost Ground covering element for making a groove
US20030108388A1 (en) * 2001-12-12 2003-06-12 Smith Peter J. Pre-fabricated warped pavement slab, forming and pavement systems, and methods for installing and making same
US20040045248A1 (en) * 2000-09-27 2004-03-11 Andreas Drost Floor covering element consisting of artificial stone material and set of floor convering elements
US6866446B2 (en) 2002-02-05 2005-03-15 Lee Masonry Products, Llc Revetment block and mat
US20050129462A1 (en) * 2002-02-07 2005-06-16 Gerhard Hagenah Paving stone kit
US20090274514A1 (en) * 2006-11-20 2009-11-05 Rolf Scheiwiller Paving stone
US20160165815A1 (en) * 2012-10-17 2016-06-16 Platipus Anchors Holding Ltd. Tree anchoring apparatus, kit and method
USD773693S1 (en) 2014-05-07 2016-12-06 Pavestone, LLC Front face of a retaining wall block
USD791346S1 (en) 2015-10-21 2017-07-04 Pavestone, LLC Interlocking paver
US9701046B2 (en) 2013-06-21 2017-07-11 Pavestone, LLC Method and apparatus for dry cast facing concrete deposition
US10494770B2 (en) 2015-11-17 2019-12-03 F. Von Langsdorff Licensing Limited Paving element having drainage channels and pavement system incorporating same
US10583588B2 (en) 2013-06-21 2020-03-10 Pavestone, LLC Manufactured retaining wall block with improved false joint

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JPS55132801A (en) * 1979-04-04 1980-10-16 Sugiaki Kusatake Paving method and paving block
JPS56403A (en) * 1979-06-16 1981-01-06 Sugiaki Kusatake Pavement block
DE8112270U1 (de) * 1981-04-24 1981-09-24 Dr. Barth GmbH, 7582 Bühlertal Bodenbelagelement
JPS58170538U (ja) * 1982-05-11 1983-11-14 日産自動車株式会社 クランク角センサの故障検出装置
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GB2141461B (en) * 1983-05-26 1987-03-11 Rbs Brooklyns Limited Construction panels
DE8707649U1 (sv) * 1987-05-27 1987-07-16 Kronimus & Sohn Betonsteinwerk Und Baugeschaeft Gmbh & Co Kg, 7551 Iffezheim, De
DE8915417U1 (sv) * 1989-04-04 1990-06-28 Dr. Barth Gmbh, 7582 Buehlertal, De
US5409325A (en) * 1994-02-10 1995-04-25 Wu; Ming-Hsin Vinyl walkway paver
AT406494B (de) * 1998-02-19 2000-05-25 Allerstorfer Stefan Ing Uferverbau
DE10206158B4 (de) * 2002-02-14 2015-09-10 Uni-International Bausysteme Gmbh + Co. Bodenbelagelement mit abgewinkelter Grundform und durchgehenden Öffnungen
KR101166511B1 (ko) 2009-06-12 2012-08-21 최의정 방향전환이 가능한 2인승 자전거
GB2479390A (en) * 2010-04-08 2011-10-12 John Alexander Brookes Storey System of low surface area paving blocks
DE102013009686A1 (de) * 2013-06-11 2014-12-11 Kronimus Aktiengesellschaft Rasenpflasterstein

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US2493470A (en) * 1944-05-12 1950-01-03 Freyn Engineering Co Stove checker assembly
US3301148A (en) * 1962-12-19 1967-01-31 Schraudenbach Paul Paving block

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4621942A (en) * 1984-09-27 1986-11-11 Bartron Corporation Grass paving structure
US4850739A (en) * 1988-01-26 1989-07-25 Gargollo Roberto L Method and apparatus for constructing an articulated pavement system
WO1989007172A1 (en) * 1988-01-26 1989-08-10 San Luis Oil Corporation Method and apparatus for articulated pavement system
US5035532A (en) * 1989-01-16 1991-07-30 Gargollo Roberto L Method and apparatus for constructing an articulated pavement system
US5332191A (en) * 1992-10-26 1994-07-26 Nolan Terry L Apparatus for making concrete slabs
US5400561A (en) * 1992-12-09 1995-03-28 Metten Produktions-Und-Handel Gmbh Concrete blocks having through holes for water drainage
US5428934A (en) * 1993-11-26 1995-07-04 Tomek; Debby E. Interlocking slab elements
USD426897S (en) * 1999-03-04 2000-06-20 Giuseppe Abbracati Paving brick
US6898906B2 (en) * 2000-09-27 2005-05-31 Andreas Drost Floor covering element consisting of artificial stone material and set of floor covering elements
US20040045248A1 (en) * 2000-09-27 2004-03-11 Andreas Drost Floor covering element consisting of artificial stone material and set of floor convering elements
US20030070384A1 (en) * 2001-09-15 2003-04-17 Andreas Drost Ground covering element for making a groove
US6899489B2 (en) * 2001-12-12 2005-05-31 Fort Miller Co., Inc. Pre-fabricated warped pavement slab, forming and pavement systems, and methods for installing and making same
US20050105968A1 (en) * 2001-12-12 2005-05-19 Smith Peter J. Pre-fabricated warped pavement slab, forming and pavement systems, and methods for installing and making same
US20030108388A1 (en) * 2001-12-12 2003-06-12 Smith Peter J. Pre-fabricated warped pavement slab, forming and pavement systems, and methods for installing and making same
US7004674B2 (en) * 2001-12-12 2006-02-28 Fort Miller Co., Inc., Pre-fabricated warped pavement slab, forming and pavement systems, and methods for installing and making same
US6866446B2 (en) 2002-02-05 2005-03-15 Lee Masonry Products, Llc Revetment block and mat
US20050129462A1 (en) * 2002-02-07 2005-06-16 Gerhard Hagenah Paving stone kit
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS50111840A (sv) 1975-09-02
SE7413745L (sv) 1975-05-02
AU7432774A (en) 1976-04-29
DE2354600A1 (de) 1975-05-15
ZA746978B (en) 1975-11-26
ATA735574A (de) 1978-12-15
DE2354600C3 (de) 1979-05-23
JPS5538442B2 (sv) 1980-10-04
CA1015193A (en) 1977-08-09
GB1451024A (en) 1976-09-29
FR2249995B1 (sv) 1978-07-13
DE2354600B2 (de) 1977-04-28
SE399920B (sv) 1978-03-06
FR2249995A1 (sv) 1975-05-30
DK567374A (sv) 1975-06-23
CH600063A5 (sv) 1978-06-15
AT351454B (de) 1979-07-25

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