US3909144A - Plastic sheet materials and structures containing the same - Google Patents

Plastic sheet materials and structures containing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3909144A
US3909144A US314539A US31453972A US3909144A US 3909144 A US3909144 A US 3909144A US 314539 A US314539 A US 314539A US 31453972 A US31453972 A US 31453972A US 3909144 A US3909144 A US 3909144A
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Prior art keywords
layer
reinforcing layer
plastic film
surface coating
glass fiber
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US314539A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ole Garn
Arne Corlin
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Jens Villadsens Fabriker AS
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Jens Villadsens Fabriker AS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B13/12—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B11/00—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances
    • B32B11/10—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/06—Methods or arrangements for protecting foundations from destructive influences of moisture, frost or vibration
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/08—Damp-proof or other insulating layers; Drainage arrangements or devices ; Bridge deck surfacings
    • E01D19/083—Waterproofing of bridge decks; Other insulations for bridges, e.g. thermal ; Bridge deck surfacings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
    • E04D5/10—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form by making use of compounded or laminated materials, e.g. metal foils or plastic films coated with bitumen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/08—Reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/10—Fibres of continuous length
    • B32B2305/20—Fibres of continuous length in the form of a non-woven mat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
    • B32B2315/06—Concrete
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
    • B32B2315/08—Glass
    • B32B2315/085—Glass fiber cloth or fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
    • B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
    • B32B2323/10—Polypropylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2331/00—Polyvinylesters
    • B32B2331/04—Polymers of vinyl acetate, e.g. PVA
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2395/00—Bituminous material, e.g. tar, asphalt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • B32B2419/06—Roofs, roof membranes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249967—Inorganic matrix in void-containing component
    • Y10T428/249968—Of hydraulic-setting material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/24999—Inorganic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/249991—Synthetic resin or natural rubbers
    • Y10T428/249992—Linear or thermoplastic
    • Y10T428/249993—Hydrocarbon polymer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31641—Next to natural rubber, gum, oil, rosin, wax, bituminous or tarry residue
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31815—Of bituminous or tarry residue
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/674—Nonwoven fabric with a preformed polymeric film or sheet

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a plastic sheet material for use as a reinforcing layer in such bituminous sandwich structures as rollable sheet material especially for roof covering purposes and bituminous coatings on concrete bases especially traffic-carrying concrete surfaces.
  • roofing felt for roof covering purposes normally comprises a basic felt, e.g., a rag or paper felt impregnated with asphalt or tar, and covered on both sides with layers of a bituminous composition, such as asphalt or tar.
  • a basic felt e.g., a rag or paper felt impregnated with asphalt or tar
  • layers of a bituminous composition such as asphalt or tar.
  • roof coverings are often made up from several layers, for example five layers of roofing felt.
  • their outer sides are covered with protective layers of a material which preferably is in the form of more or less flat particles or lamellae of crushed slate or other natural stone or of a ceramic or other suitable material.
  • the plastic film is preferably made from a polyolefin and more preferably from polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate or copolymers of styrene and butadiene.
  • a roll roofing material comprising a glass fiber reinforced polyethylene film possesses strength properties clearly superior to those of a roll roofing material comprising a rag felt.
  • the tensile strength and the tear strength is about three times as high as those of rag felt based products.
  • the elongation at rupture is only about 3%.
  • the plastic film thickness normally is between 0.2 and 5 mm. It is particularly preferred to use .films of a thickness of 0.8-0.9 mm for roofing materials.
  • the glass fiber mats are preferably water-laid nonwoven fabrics of the thickness of about 0.25 mm. Wa-
  • ter-laid fabrics are preferred because they have a more uniform thickness than air-laid fabrics.
  • the glass fiber mat is attached to the plastic film in such a way that it only partially penetrates into the plastic film. This results in a very strong adherence of the bituminous layers to be applied on each side of the glass fiber mat, which is in sharp contrast to the weak adherence of the bituminous layers to the plastic film.
  • the glass fiber mat serves not only as a reinforcement for the plastic film, but also as an anchorage improving means.
  • the glass fiber mats are preferably impregnated with a binder so as to impart to the glass fiber mat the required strength.
  • suitable binders are phenol formaldehyde and ureaformaldehyde resins.
  • a layer of a bituminous composition to both sides of the reinforced plastic film, when used for roofing materials.
  • the layer at the underside of the sheet material principally serves as a binder, it is not necessary to apply said layer to the sheet material until the time at which the sheet material is to be applied to the underlying structure.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the sheet material disclosed above.
  • This method comprises the steps of extruding a plastic film in an ordinary extruder and applying impregnated glass fiber mats to both surfaces of said film while the latter is still hot.
  • the composite product is preferably compressed by passage through the nip of a set of rollers.
  • one or two layers of a bituminous composition are applied to the outer surfaces of the reinforced film.
  • the application of the bituminous material can be carried out in an ordinary roofing felt machine.
  • the invention further relates to a backing of the above mentioned type and particularly to a backing consisting of a polyethylene film coated on both sides with impregnated glass fiber mats.
  • the invention relatesto a roof covering consisting of superimposed layers of the sheet material described above.
  • roof coverings normally consist of several layers of superimposed sheet materials. Due to the excellent strengthproperties of the sheet material of the invention it has now been possible to reduce the number of layers from for example five to two or three.
  • the outer bituminous layer preferably is covered with a protective layer of a material in the form of crushed slate or other natural stone material or of a ceramic or other suitable material.
  • the above described rollable sheet material is said to be especially useful. for roof covering purposes and comprises, as the backing, a plastic film of special character which is coated on both sides with a glass fibre material.
  • a backing offers several advantages.
  • the backing has high mechanical strength and is water-proof in itself.
  • Fur thermore the backing is so stiff that the laying thereof in hot weather does not present any problems, and that the finished product, i.e., the covering rolls, can be stored in upright position without necessitating the use of a roll core.
  • Further advantages are that'the backing at low temperatures has excellent strength and sufficient stiffness to prevent crack formation in its asphalt surface when subjected to bending loads.
  • the backing can be hot-formed with a gas burner and will retain its new form after cooling, thereby facilitating the covering of e.g., edges and corners.
  • the backing is readily nailed and in the naileddown 'state has a high elongation at break and shear strength, there is little risk that the backing will break within the nailed portions and slip out of position on steeply sloping roofs.
  • the glass fibercoated plastic film backing besides has low heat transmission characteris tics, which is an advantage because a surface covering manufactured from the backing and having its surface coated with an aggregate of crushed stone thereby can be glued to the base with extremely hot asphalt, and there is no risk that workmen walking on the newly laid surface covering will press the aggregate down into the asphalt coating on the upper side of the backing. Further advantages of the backing are that it cannot be.
  • a moisture insulating membrane is first applied to the concrete base, and upon this membrane a protective layer is placed which is then covered with a road surfacing material, usually asphalt concrete.
  • the moisture insulating membrane usually is based upon asphalt or bitumen and serves to prevent moisture from exerting a decomposing effect on the concrete of the bridge deck, floor slab, etc.
  • the protective layer is formed by a layer of reinforced concrete having a thickness of 5-8 cm and serving to distribute over the moisture insulating membrane the pressure exerted by the road covering and the traffic and to protect the moisture insulating membrane against mechanical damage during laying of the bituminous road covering material.
  • the reinforced concrete layer besides serves to prevent the road covering material from coming into direct contact with the moisture insulating membrane. As already mentioned, the road covering materials are finally placed upon the protective layer of reinforced concrete.
  • the glass fibre-coated plastic film When used as protective layer, it must in the same way as, when it constitutes the backing of a roof covering be in the form of a plastic film coated with superficially lying glass fibres and having an elasticity modulus of not more than 5,000 kgf/cm and a Vicat softening point of at least 60C.
  • a special advantage in connection with bituminous coating is that the plastic film as well as the membrane constituting the actual moisture insulation can be produced in the factory and merely have to be rolled out and glued in conventional manner on the site.
  • films having an elasticity modulus higher than 5,000 kgf/cm since such films are not easy to roll, whereby the transport and laying thereof is rendered difficult.
  • Films having a softening point below 60C are unable to withstand the action of the aggregate in a hot road covering material which when laid may have a temperature of about C, and in such films the aggregate included in the road covering will leave impression marks in or may even penetrate into the covering material so that the stones may damage also the underlying moisture insulation.
  • the plastic films utilised for bituminous coatings should preferably have a thickness of 0.2-5 mm. Thinner films are vulnerable and easily damaged during laying, and thicker films present rolling difficulties with ensuing transport and laying problems.
  • the film in addition should have a shearing strength of at least 1.0 kgf/cm It has been found best to use a thermoplastic film where the glass fibre material has been fused into both surfaces.
  • the glass fibre material may be in the form of fleece, felt, mat or fabric. Because the protective layer has a surface of glass fibres, especially glass fibre fleece or felt, there will be obtained on one hand an excellent adhesion both to the underlying moisture insulation and to the overlying road covering and, on the other hand, an extremely high resistance to puncture by the stone aggregate of the road covering during laying and rolling with heavy road-making machines.
  • Examples 1-4 concern the use of glass fibre-coated plastic film in a covering material
  • Examples 5-7 concern the use of the plastic film as a protective layer in the production of bituminous coatings on a concrete base.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A covering material for use as the top layer in a roof covering has prepared in the following manner.
  • a 0.8 mm polypropylene film was coated on both sides with a wet-processed glass fibre felt with a weight of 25 g/m Coating was carried out in such manner that the propylene plastic penetrated to only about half the thickness of the glass fibre felt.
  • the polypropylene film employed had a density of 0.89 g/cm, a Vicat softening point of l C, and a melting index of 2.
  • the glass fibre-coated plastic film was then coated on both sides with a 1 mm layer of oxidised asphalt having a softening point of 85C (determined by the ball and ring method) and a Fraas breaking point of C, and contained of fine-grained inorganic filler.
  • the asphalt coated covering material was coated on the underside with fine-grained talc and on the upper side with crushed slate.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A covering material for use as a membrane insulation (insulation against water pressure) was produced in the following manner.
  • a 1.0 mm plastic film of a copolymer of ethylene and 15% vinyl acetate was coated on both sides with a wet-processed glass fibre felt of 50 g/m". Coating was carried out in such manner that the copolymer penetrated to only about half the thickness of the fibre felt.
  • the plastic film employed had a density of 0.93 g/cm, a Vicat softening point of 65C (ball and ring method), and a melting index of 3.
  • the glass fibre-coated plastic film was then coated on both sides with a 1.5 mm thick layer of oxidised asphalt having a softening point of l 10C (ball and ring method) and a Fraas breaking point of 30C, and con- Tensile strength Elongation at break Tear strength (Sean P 1 1:64)
  • a roof covering material for use as the surface layer in a roof covering was produced in the following manner.
  • a 0.8 mm polyethylene film was coated on both sides with a wet-processed glass fibre felt of 50 g/m .'Coating was carried out in such manner that the plastic penetrated to only about half the thickness of the glass fibre felt.
  • the plastic film employed had a density of 0.92 g/cm a Vicat softening index of 20.
  • the glass fibre-coated plastic film was then coated on both sides with a 1 mm layer of oxidised asphalt having a softening point of C (ball and ring method) and a Fraas breaking point of -25C, and contained 30% of fine-grained inorganic filler.
  • the asphalt-coated covering material was coated on the underside with fine-grained talc and on the upper side with crushed slate.
  • Tensile strength Elongation at break EXAMPLE 4 A covering material for use as a membrane insulation (insulation against water) was produced in the following manner.
  • a 1.0 mm polyethylene film was coated on both sides with a wet-processed glass fibre felt of 25 g/m Coating was carried out in such manner that the plastic penetrated to only about half the thickness of the glass fibre felt.
  • the plastic film employed had a density of 0.92 kgf/cm", a Vicat softening point of 86C, and a melting index of 2.
  • the glass fibre-coated plastic film was then coated on both sides with a 1.5 mm thick layer of oxidised asphalt having a softening point of C (ball and ring point of 76C, and a melting method) and a Fraas breaking point of -30C, and contained 30% of fine-grained inorganic filler.
  • the asphalt-coated covering material was coated on the underside with a thin polyethylene film and on the upper side with fine-grained sand.
  • the layer was fully glued.
  • One layer of 1.5 mm plastic film consisting of a copolymer of 85% ethylene and vinyl acetate and coated on both sides with a glass fibre fleece.
  • the plastic film had a density of 0.93 g/cm, a melting index of 3, an elasticity modulus of 490 kgf/cm and a Vicat softening point of 65C.
  • the layer was fully glued.
  • the layer was fully glued.
  • One layer of 1.5 mm plastic film consisting of a block copolymer of styrene and butadiene and having a density of 1.02 g/cm, a melting index of 3, an elasticity modulus of 75 kgf/cm and a Vicat softening point of 78C. Both sides of the plastic film were coated with fused-in glass fibre cloths. The layer was fully glued.
  • EXAMPLE 7 Cleaned concrete on a motorway bridge was coated with an asphalt primer solution containing an adhesionimproving agent. Hot gluing asphalt having a softening I point of 85C (ball, and ring method) was then used for gluing two layers of asphalt panels with a reinforcement of 180 g/m glass fibre fabric coated on both sides with asphalt having a softening point of l 10C (ball and ring method) and a Fraas breaking point of -24C. The panels of the two layers were offset relative to one another.
  • the same hot gluing asphalt was then used for gluing on the asphalt panels a layer of 1.5 mm glass fibre-coated plastic film of polyethylene having a melting index of 20, a density of 0.916 g/cm anda Vicat softening point of 76C, and coated on both sides with a glass fibre fleece of g/m the plastic having penetrated to about half the thickness of the glass fibre fleece.
  • the plastic film was then coated with an asphalt primer solution containing an adhesion-improving agent, whereupon there was applied a 1.5 mm asphalt concrete layer which during laying had a temperature of about 130C and consisted of an aggregate having a particle size of 0-4 mm and of bitumen in an amount of 6%, based upon the asphalt concrete. After roller.
  • Examples 5-7 gave a road covering in which the protective layer of glass fibre-coated plastic film was satisfactorily anchored both to the base and to the road covering material proper and besides proved capable of withstanding the considerable stresses exerted by heavy road-making machines, without being punctured by the aggregate in the road covering material.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view and section of a cut open piece of a plastic sheet according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view and section of a cut open piece of a roofing felt according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section of part of a bituminous sandwich structure according to the invention placedon a concrete base.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a plastic sheet according to the invention, which consists of a plastic film 20 which is coated on both sides with a non-woven glass fibre fabric 21, said fabric being partially fused into the plastic film.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a roofing felt having a backing with a non-woven glass fibre fabric 21, said fabric being partially fused into the surface of the plastic film.
  • An asphalt layer 22 is applied to each glass fibre fabric 21 and the surface of one asphalt layer 22 is provided with a layer 23 of crushed slate partially rolled into said asphalt layer 22.
  • the roofing felt shown in FIG. 2 corresponds to that described in the above Example 3.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates part of a bituminous sandwich structure which serves as the surface layer of a pavement structure.
  • Anchored to a concrete base 30 which may be a bridge deck or other traffic-carrying concrete 1 surface, is an asphalt mineral wool felt 31 with expanded plastic balls 32 at the underside.
  • Glass fibre reinforced asphalt panels 33 are anchored to this felt 31 and on top of them there isanchored a plastic film layer 34 which corresponds to the plastic film layer 10, 11 in FIG. 1.
  • a thick asphalt concrete layer 35 is applied on top of the layer 34.
  • the bituminous sandwich structure shown in FIG. 3 corresponds to that described in the above Example 6.
  • the surface coating comprises a reinforcing layer consisting of a plastic film having a modulus of elasticity of not more than 5000 kgf/cm and a Vicat softening point of at least 60C and a glass fiber layer attached to each side of the plastic film and only partially penetrating thereinto, the thickness of the plastic film being between 0.2 and mm; a bituminous binder attaching said reinforcing layer to the concrete surface and partially penetrating into the glass fiber layer on one side of said reinforcing layer; and a bituminous layer attached to the other side of said reinforcing layer and partially penetrating into the glass fiber layer on that side of said reinforcing layer.
  • thermoplastic resin is a member of the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate and copolymers of styrene and butadiene.
  • the reinforcing layer is a layer of L5 mm of polyethylene of melting index 20, density 0.916 g/cm Vicat softening point 76C, coated with glass fibers of 50 glcm the polyethylene having penetrated to about one-half the thickness of the glass fibers.
US314539A 1972-07-26 1972-12-13 Plastic sheet materials and structures containing the same Expired - Lifetime US3909144A (en)

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AR (1) AR198495A1 (fi)
AT (1) AT323550B (fi)
AU (1) AU465569B2 (fi)
BE (1) BE793133A (fi)
BR (1) BR7209080D0 (fi)
CA (1) CA993339A (fi)
CH (1) CH556730A (fi)
DE (1) DE2262102C2 (fi)
ES (1) ES409964A1 (fi)
FI (1) FI59638C (fi)
FR (1) FR2193711B1 (fi)
IE (1) IE37001B1 (fi)
IT (1) IT972810B (fi)
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Cited By (20)

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US4122230A (en) * 1977-04-22 1978-10-24 Lowell Ben T Flashing article comprising a chlorinated polyethylene layer adhered to an asphalt-saturated felt layer produced by joining the two layers under pressure at elevated temperature
US4157415A (en) * 1976-11-05 1979-06-05 Hugo Lindenberg Laminated panel construction and method of making same
US4168924A (en) * 1977-07-28 1979-09-25 Phillips Petroleum Company Plastic reinforcement of concrete
US4699834A (en) * 1986-10-20 1987-10-13 Henry Schiffer An intermediate floor
US4909662A (en) * 1989-01-13 1990-03-20 Baker Robert L Roadway and method of construction
US5034270A (en) * 1986-08-07 1991-07-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Raser Base for coating material made of synthetic resin
US5123778A (en) * 1990-09-26 1992-06-23 Bohnhoff William W Method of paving
US5406759A (en) * 1993-08-04 1995-04-18 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Method for protecting subgrade vertical wall from stone impacts in backfill operation and laminate for accomplishing the same
US20020037405A1 (en) * 2000-09-26 2002-03-28 Building Materials Investment Corporation Aluminum faced self adhering membrane
US20040025858A1 (en) * 2002-07-30 2004-02-12 Barenberg Ernest J. Crack/joint inducers for portland cement concrete pavement and slabs
US20040185231A1 (en) * 2003-02-28 2004-09-23 Dimmick William Joseph Polymer coated surfaces having inlaid decorative sheets
US20080066420A1 (en) * 2006-09-14 2008-03-20 David May Protective Sheet Made From a Blend of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and Polyethylene (PE)
WO2008097206A1 (en) * 2007-02-08 2008-08-14 Izomaks Yalitim Ve Endustri Sanayi Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Isolation material
US20100119795A1 (en) * 2003-02-11 2010-05-13 Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics Europe Complex comprising a drylaid veil of glass fibres, and a nonwoven fabric of organic fibres
US20110250012A1 (en) * 2008-11-27 2011-10-13 Sika Technology Ag Roadway sealing and method for its production
CN102472024A (zh) * 2009-07-07 2012-05-23 Sika技术股份公司 具有增强的粘结特性的路面结构
WO2015106041A1 (en) * 2014-01-09 2015-07-16 White David J Three-dimensional aggregate reinforcement systems and methods
US20150197896A1 (en) * 2012-07-11 2015-07-16 Sika Technology Ag Road structure and method for the production thereof
NL2020196B1 (nl) * 2017-12-29 2019-07-08 Bolidt Mij Tot Exploitatie Van Kunststoffen En Bouwwerken B V Afwerkingsvloer met een geluiddempend oppervlak
US20190226157A1 (en) * 2016-09-28 2019-07-25 Novonovon Zrt. Concrete Based Reinforced Road Structure Covered by Asphalt

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FR2321013A1 (fr) * 1975-08-14 1977-03-11 Ceintrey M Revetement pour ouvrage d'art et son procede de preparation
GB2052378B (en) * 1979-06-06 1983-01-06 Grace Ltd W Preformed sheet-like structures
FR2464333A1 (fr) * 1979-08-30 1981-03-06 Smac Acieroid Chape composite et revetement etanche en comportant application
FR2522347B1 (fr) * 1982-02-26 1985-10-25 Gerland Etancheite Sa Panneau isolant pour la realisation de revetements d'etancheite
AT396264B (de) * 1988-05-25 1993-07-26 Polyfelt Gmbh Selbstklebende kombinationsbahn zur vorbeugung und sanierung von rissen insbesondere in asphalt- und betonflaechen

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US3466222A (en) * 1967-07-26 1969-09-09 Lexsuco Inc Fire retardant insulative structure and roof deck construction comprising the same
US3475260A (en) * 1965-05-18 1969-10-28 William S Stokes Laminated joint structure defining a fluid leakage barrier
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US2523759A (en) * 1947-11-26 1950-09-26 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Bitumen-glass fiber composite manufactures
US3236015A (en) * 1961-07-11 1966-02-22 Rubenstein David System of fabrication of porous structural elements
US3402095A (en) * 1963-08-12 1968-09-17 Svenska Icopalfabriken Ab Rollable multi-ply roofing material
US3475260A (en) * 1965-05-18 1969-10-28 William S Stokes Laminated joint structure defining a fluid leakage barrier
US3466222A (en) * 1967-07-26 1969-09-09 Lexsuco Inc Fire retardant insulative structure and roof deck construction comprising the same
US3725185A (en) * 1970-07-16 1973-04-03 Lexsuco Inc Protected structural and construction materials

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4157415A (en) * 1976-11-05 1979-06-05 Hugo Lindenberg Laminated panel construction and method of making same
US4122230A (en) * 1977-04-22 1978-10-24 Lowell Ben T Flashing article comprising a chlorinated polyethylene layer adhered to an asphalt-saturated felt layer produced by joining the two layers under pressure at elevated temperature
US4168924A (en) * 1977-07-28 1979-09-25 Phillips Petroleum Company Plastic reinforcement of concrete
US5034270A (en) * 1986-08-07 1991-07-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Raser Base for coating material made of synthetic resin
US4699834A (en) * 1986-10-20 1987-10-13 Henry Schiffer An intermediate floor
WO1988002701A1 (en) * 1986-10-20 1988-04-21 Henry Schiffer An intermediate floor
US4909662A (en) * 1989-01-13 1990-03-20 Baker Robert L Roadway and method of construction
US5123778A (en) * 1990-09-26 1992-06-23 Bohnhoff William W Method of paving
US5406759A (en) * 1993-08-04 1995-04-18 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Method for protecting subgrade vertical wall from stone impacts in backfill operation and laminate for accomplishing the same
US20020037405A1 (en) * 2000-09-26 2002-03-28 Building Materials Investment Corporation Aluminum faced self adhering membrane
US20040076786A1 (en) * 2000-09-26 2004-04-22 Building Materials Investment Corporation Aluminum faced self adhering membrane
US20040025858A1 (en) * 2002-07-30 2004-02-12 Barenberg Ernest J. Crack/joint inducers for portland cement concrete pavement and slabs
US20100119795A1 (en) * 2003-02-11 2010-05-13 Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics Europe Complex comprising a drylaid veil of glass fibres, and a nonwoven fabric of organic fibres
US20040185231A1 (en) * 2003-02-28 2004-09-23 Dimmick William Joseph Polymer coated surfaces having inlaid decorative sheets
WO2008034085A1 (en) * 2006-09-14 2008-03-20 Trimaco, Llc Protective sheet made from a blend of ethylene vinyl acetate (eva) and polyethlylene (pe)
US20080066420A1 (en) * 2006-09-14 2008-03-20 David May Protective Sheet Made From a Blend of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and Polyethylene (PE)
US8176685B2 (en) 2006-09-14 2012-05-15 Trimaco, Llc Protective sheet made from a blend of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polyethylene (PE)
WO2008097206A1 (en) * 2007-02-08 2008-08-14 Izomaks Yalitim Ve Endustri Sanayi Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Isolation material
US20080193778A1 (en) * 2007-02-08 2008-08-14 Izomaks Yalitim Ve Endustri Sanayi Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Isolation Material
US20110250012A1 (en) * 2008-11-27 2011-10-13 Sika Technology Ag Roadway sealing and method for its production
US20120170977A1 (en) * 2009-07-07 2012-07-05 Sika Technology Ag Roadway structure having improved adhesive properties
CN102472024A (zh) * 2009-07-07 2012-05-23 Sika技术股份公司 具有增强的粘结特性的路面结构
US8534953B2 (en) * 2009-07-07 2013-09-17 Sika Technology Ag Roadway structure having improved adhesive properties
CN102472024B (zh) * 2009-07-07 2014-08-13 Sika技术股份公司 具有增强的粘结特性的路面结构
US20150197896A1 (en) * 2012-07-11 2015-07-16 Sika Technology Ag Road structure and method for the production thereof
WO2015106041A1 (en) * 2014-01-09 2015-07-16 White David J Three-dimensional aggregate reinforcement systems and methods
US20190226157A1 (en) * 2016-09-28 2019-07-25 Novonovon Zrt. Concrete Based Reinforced Road Structure Covered by Asphalt
US10563359B2 (en) * 2016-09-28 2020-02-18 Novonovon Zrt. Concrete based reinforced road structure covered by asphalt
NL2020196B1 (nl) * 2017-12-29 2019-07-08 Bolidt Mij Tot Exploitatie Van Kunststoffen En Bouwwerken B V Afwerkingsvloer met een geluiddempend oppervlak

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AR198495A1 (es) 1974-06-28
ES409964A1 (es) 1975-12-01
CH556730A (de) 1974-12-13
CA993339A (en) 1976-07-20
FI59638B (fi) 1981-05-29
BE793133A (fr) 1973-04-16
IT972810B (it) 1974-05-31
IE37001B1 (en) 1977-04-13
NO143709B (no) 1980-12-22
FR2193711A1 (fi) 1974-02-22
NL7217472A (fi) 1974-01-29
FI59638C (fi) 1981-09-10
AT323550B (de) 1975-07-10
NO143709C (no) 1981-04-01
FR2193711B1 (fi) 1976-04-23
BR7209080D0 (pt) 1974-04-25
NL162157C (nl) 1980-04-15
DE2262102A1 (de) 1974-02-21
AU5041472A (en) 1974-06-27
NL162157B (nl) 1979-11-15
AU465569B2 (en) 1974-06-27
DE2262102C2 (de) 1983-06-09
IE37001L (en) 1974-01-26

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