US3890977A - Kinetic memory electrodes, catheters and cannulae - Google Patents

Kinetic memory electrodes, catheters and cannulae Download PDF

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Publication number
US3890977A
US3890977A US447340A US44734074A US3890977A US 3890977 A US3890977 A US 3890977A US 447340 A US447340 A US 447340A US 44734074 A US44734074 A US 44734074A US 3890977 A US3890977 A US 3890977A
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catheter
shape
recited
mechanical memory
memory material
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Bruce C Wilson
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Priority to US447340A priority Critical patent/US3890977A/en
Priority to GB8091/75A priority patent/GB1499520A/en
Priority to JP50024097A priority patent/JPS50141187A/ja
Priority to FR7506310A priority patent/FR2262536B1/fr
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/0105Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
    • A61M25/0133Tip steering devices
    • A61M25/0158Tip steering devices with magnetic or electrical means, e.g. by using piezo materials, electroactive polymers, magnetic materials or by heating of shape memory materials
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/01Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/279Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/28Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A61B5/283Invasive
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/279Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/28Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A61B5/283Invasive
    • A61B5/29Invasive for permanent or long-term implantation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6847Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
    • A61B5/6852Catheters
    • A61B5/6855Catheters with a distal curved tip
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/02Holding devices, e.g. on the body
    • A61M25/04Holding devices, e.g. on the body in the body, e.g. expansible
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02Details
    • A61N1/04Electrodes
    • A61N1/05Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/056Transvascular endocardial electrode systems
    • A61N1/057Anchoring means; Means for fixing the head inside the heart
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0014Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
    • A61F2210/0019Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at only one temperature whilst inside or touching the human body, e.g. constrained in a non-operative shape during surgery, another temperature only occurring before the operation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0014Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
    • A61F2210/0023Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at different temperatures whilst inside or touching the human body, heated or cooled by external energy source or cold supply
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0014Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
    • A61F2210/0023Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at different temperatures whilst inside or touching the human body, heated or cooled by external energy source or cold supply
    • A61F2210/0033Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at different temperatures whilst inside or touching the human body, heated or cooled by external energy source or cold supply electrically, e.g. heated by resistor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0014Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
    • A61F2210/0023Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at different temperatures whilst inside or touching the human body, heated or cooled by external energy source or cold supply
    • A61F2210/0047Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at different temperatures whilst inside or touching the human body, heated or cooled by external energy source or cold supply heated by light
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/0105Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
    • A61M25/0133Tip steering devices
    • A61M2025/0163Looped catheters

Definitions

  • the electrode, catheter. or the like incorporates a material. such as a known titanium-nickel alloy. having heat-activated mechanical memory.
  • the device is formed and annealed at high temperature into a shape for effective anchoring or proper location in an organ or other structure of the body. Then at a temperature below its transitional temperature it is reformed into a shape for ease of insertion, and when located in the desired organ or structure is heated above its transitional temperature, thereby returning to its original annealed anchoring or proper locating shape.
  • This invention relates to conductive electrodecatheters. biological catheters. cannulae and the like. These devices are usually passed into and through a body orifice. incision. peripheral artery. vein. urogential or respiratory passage. etc.. of an animal or human body and advanced until they reach a desired organ. structure. or cavity within the body. It has a long been a problem to provide such an electrode. cannula. or catheter that is readily insertable into the body and easily advanced.
  • Effective anchoring is desirable in the case of a cardiac electrode to insure positive electrode contact with the endocardium (inner wall of the heart) whether a pacemaker an EKG recorder. or the like is connected to the electrode.
  • proper location and anchoring is desirable whether the catheter is used for drainage, pressure recording. gas administration. or for injection of medication. dye. etc.. into the cardiovascular. urogenital. respiratory. lymph. or digestive systems. or into other body parts.
  • the present invention provides an electrode. catheter. or the like which is readily inscrtable while being effectively anchorable or properly local-ablev
  • These properties are provided by forming the device of the present imention. either wholly or in part. of a material exhibiting mechanical memory that is triggered by heat. Examples of such a material are the titanium nickel alloy disclosed in US. Pat. Nos. 3.I74.85I and 3.672.879. and the titanium-nickel-cobalt alloy disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3.558.369.
  • This first-mentioned alloy consists essentially of from 52-56% nickel by weight and correspondingly from about 429447: titanium by weight.
  • said alloy having the structure ofa sub stantially TiNi phase from about 500C. to about 75/:(.
  • This material is originally formed with restraint and by heat annealing (typically 95()-I.I(IUF.) into the shape desired once it is inserted into the body (such as a curve. angle. or any other of an infinite variety of single or multiple configurations]. Then the material is deformed at a temperature (typically room temperature] below its transitional temperature (from 32-33lF depending upon relative composition. but typically from 9Kl25F) into a shape facilitating easy insertion into the body (such as a straight rod). and the material is incorporated into the electrode. catheter. or
  • the material is heated to its transitional temperature thereby returning the material to its original shape.
  • the titanium-nickel-cobalt alloy disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3.558.369 has the formula TiNi -Co wherein Ti denotes titanium and constitutes approximately 5() atomic 7r ofthe composition. and the term Ni ,(o denotes nickel and cobalt respectively and make up the remaining approximately 50 atomic percent of the composition. .v is a factor which varies from greater than (I to less than I whereby the relative percentage of nickel and cobalt varies inversely from less than I00 percent to more than 0 percent.
  • the transitional temperature of this alloy can be varied depending upon relative composition from 396 to +33 lF. Otherwise. it is essentially the same as the abovementioned titaniumnickel alloy.
  • the electrode. catheter. or the like of the present invention is thus easy to operate. and can be readily designed to fit a wide variety of applications.
  • FIGS. Ia and lb are side elevational views partly in section of the tip and part of the shaft portions of a catheter according to the present invention shown in its transition and reformed shapes respectively while FIG. [1* is a side view of the tip and part of the shaft of a modification ofthe catheter shown in FIGS. la and II);
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b are side views of a ventricular pacing electrode according to the present invention showing in phantom the location of the transitional temperature activated mechanical memory material in the shaft in both the transition and reformed shapes;
  • FIGS. 31: and 3b are side views of an atrialventricular pacing electrode according to the present invention showing in phantom the location of transitional temperature activated mechanical memory material in both the shaft and tip portions in both the transition and reformed shapes;
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b are cross-sectional views taken along lines 4-4 of FIG. 2a showing alternative embodiments ofthe location ofthe transitional temperature activated mechanical memory material within the body of the electrode.
  • a catheter formed according to the teachings of the present invention shown generally at It) and having a shaft portion II and a tip portion I2. is disclosed in FIGS. Ia and 1h.
  • the catheter has a tubular body 13. preferably formed of plastic. silastic. rubber. or similar material. and a lumen 14. Fluid contained in lutnen I4 can be injected through holes I5 into a body part. or fluid can be drained from a body cavity or structure through holes and lumen 14. Liquid coupled pres sure recordings can also be made by attaching transducers or similar diagnostic equipment to lluid filled lumen 14.
  • a rod 16 of transitional temperature activated mechanical memory material is incorporated into the tip portion of the catheter.
  • the rod l6 can either be di rectly incorporated into a portion of the body 13. or it can be affixed thereto.
  • FIG. la shows the rod in a typical shape for properly locating the catheter within a particular body part. The rod is originally annealed into this shape before incorporation into the catheter. and then assumes this shape again after cooling and subse quent heating to its transitional temperature (typically 98-l 25F].
  • FIG. II shows the rod in a shape for easy insertion and advancement into the desired body eavity. This is the reformed shape of the rod.
  • the rod 16 is formed into its properly locating shape-such as shown in FIG. luand is cooled down below its transitional temperature.
  • the composition of the rod is preferably selected so that this transitional temperature is 98- l 25F. and the rod is cooled down to room temperature. Then the rod is reformed into a shape for ease of insertion into the body such as shown in FIG. lb-and is incorporated into the catheter body 13. Then the catheter is inserted into the body and advanced to the desired location. whereupon the rod 16 is heated above its transitional temperature.
  • the heating can be done by any suitable means, one form of applying heat being the body heat itself.
  • the composition of the transitional temperature activated mechanical memory material must be selected so that it has a transitional temperature at or just below body temperature. Heating causes the rod 16 to assume its original shape- FIGS. la thereby properly locating the catheter 10.
  • FIGS. 2-4 show electrodes formed according to the teachings ofthe present invention.
  • a ventricular pacing electrode shown generally at 20 is disclosed.
  • the electrode has a shaft portion 21 and a tip portion 22.
  • Conductive portions 23. 24 are connected to a source of current or to monitoring devices.
  • the body portion 26 is formed of a flexible non conductive material such as plastic. silastic. or a high medical grade durameter rubber.
  • a rod of transitional ternperature activated mechanical memory material incorporated into shaft portion 21 is shown in phantom in FIGS. Zn and 2h.
  • FIG 2a shows the rod in a typical shape for ease of insertion and advancement of the electrode into the proper body location.
  • ⁇ vhile FIG. 2b shows the rod in a shape for effective anchoring of the electrode into a body organ. Effective anchoring is de sirable in the case ofa cardiac electrode to insure positive electrode contact with the endocardium.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3! show an example of an atrialvcn tricular pacing electrode having transitional temperature activated mechanical memory material rods 25 and 25' incorporated in both the shaft portion 2
  • the electrode has two sets of conductive portion. 23. 2-4 and 23'. 24'.
  • FIG. 3! shows the electrode in a typical proper anchon ing configuration.
  • ⁇ hile FIG. 3a show the rods in typical reformed shapes for ease of insertion of the electrode into a desired portion of a body.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4h shoyv alternative embodiments ofthe location of the rod 25 in the electrode body 26.
  • Conductors 27. 28 are leads from electrodes 23. 24 to a source of current such as an implantable or external cardiac stimulus generator (pacemaker). or to monitoring diagnostic or sensing devices such as EKG. HIS bundle recorders. oscilliscopes. etc.
  • pacemaker implantable or external cardiac stimulus generator
  • diagnostic or sensing devices such as EKG. HIS bundle recorders. oscilliscopes. etc.
  • the rod 25 is incorporated in electrode body 26 spaced from the conductors 27. 28.
  • the conductors 27. 28 are hollow, and the rod (or rods] is incorporated within the hollow of one of the conductors (or both of 5 them).
  • the transitional temperature activated mechanical memory material may be constructed in forms other than a rod.
  • the transitional temperature activated mechanical memory ma terial may be formed into a braid l6 which could overlay the catheter body. or be incorporated into the wall or solid cross-section by melting or extruding the body (see FIG. Ic) material around the braid.
  • it could be in the form of a tube surrounding the outside diameter of the catheter. or a tube incorporated within the catheter body. or a helical wrap around the outside diameter or incorporated within the catheter body.
  • the transitional material may also comprise a whole portion of the catheter or like device. or may extend throughout the whole length or any portion thereof. The conductors themselves. or some part thereof. could be formed from the transitional material.
  • the possible methods utilizable to heat the transitional temperature activated mechanical memory material to its transitional temperature after proper insertion and advancement are numerous.
  • heating could be accomplished by electrical induction heating or liquid immerson or injection.
  • an electrical current from a specially designed current generator is fed to the transitional material.
  • Injection into the catheter or immersion of the transitional material in a heated or cryogenically cooled liquid to either heat up the material above its transitional temperature. or to cool the material below its transitional tempera ture and after proper location discontinue cooling thereby allovving body heat to heat it above its transitional temperature. are also contemplated.
  • transitional temperature activated mechanical memory materials could be utilized besides the above mentioned titanium-nickel and titanium-nickel-cobalt alloys.
  • the above-mentioned alloys are especially advantageous. hovvever. since the anneal. reform. and re vision state cycle may be repeated indefinitely as long as the original annealed temperature is not exceeded. and since in returning to its original shape it is capable of exerting considerable force [recovery stresses of l ltLtltltl psi have been measured on an (1.020 inch diameter wire as it attempted to return to its remembered state I.
  • a catheter comprising a. an elongated generally cylindrical body member having a proximate and a distal end. said distal end for insertion into a body. h. a distal portion of said body member capable ofassuming a shape for ready insertion into a body, and a different shape for proper location in a body. and
  • c. means for shifting said distal portion from said readily insertable shape to said different properly locating shape upon bringing said portion to a specified temperature.
  • said means comprising at least a portion of transitional temperature activated n1echanical memory material formed into said distal portion.
  • a catheter as recited in claim I wherein said body member is formed of flexible non-conductive material having at least one section of conductive material formed on the exterior of a distal portion thereof and an interior section of conductive material leading from said exterior conductive material section to the proximate end ol said body member. whereby the catheter functions as an electrodecatheter.
  • a catheter as recited in claim 2 wherein said interior of conductive material is hollow. and wherein said portion of transitional temperature activated mechanical memory material comprises a rod encompassed by said section of hollow conductive material.
  • a catheter as recited in claim I wherein said shape for ready insertion is a straight shape. and wherein said shape for proper location is a curved shape.
  • transitional temperature activated mechanical memory material is an alloy consisting essentially of from 52-56% nickel by weight and correspondingly from about 6 48-44% titanium by weight.
  • a catheter as recited in claim 1 wherein said transitional temperatureactivated mechanical memory material is an alloy having the formula TiNi Co wherein Ti denotes titanium and constitutes approximately 50 atomic percent of the composition and the term Ni Co denotes nickel and cobalt respectively and make up the remaining approximately 50 atomic percent of the composition. and .r is a factor which varies from greater than 0 to less than I whereby the relative percentage of nickel and cobalt varies inversely from less than IOU percent to more than 0 percent with respect to each other on an atom for atom exchange basis.
  • the method of properly locating a catheter in a body structure within a body comprising the steps of a. forming a member oftransitional temperature activated mechanical memory material into a first shape.
  • said specified temperature is body temperature or slightly less than body temperature. and wherein the body accomplishes said heating.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)
  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
US447340A 1974-03-01 1974-03-01 Kinetic memory electrodes, catheters and cannulae Expired - Lifetime US3890977A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US447340A US3890977A (en) 1974-03-01 1974-03-01 Kinetic memory electrodes, catheters and cannulae
GB8091/75A GB1499520A (en) 1974-03-01 1975-02-26 Kinetic memory electrodes catheters and cannulae
JP50024097A JPS50141187A (zh) 1974-03-01 1975-02-28
FR7506310A FR2262536B1 (zh) 1974-03-01 1975-02-28

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US447340A US3890977A (en) 1974-03-01 1974-03-01 Kinetic memory electrodes, catheters and cannulae

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US3890977A true US3890977A (en) 1975-06-24

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JP (1) JPS50141187A (zh)
FR (1) FR2262536B1 (zh)
GB (1) GB1499520A (zh)

Cited By (300)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4010795A (en) * 1973-08-02 1977-03-08 Gambro Ag Cooling unit
US4057067A (en) * 1976-04-06 1977-11-08 Lajos Thomas Z Atrioventricular electrode
US4094309A (en) * 1977-03-07 1978-06-13 Grzenia Robert M Medical electrode
US4154247A (en) * 1977-04-01 1979-05-15 Medtronic, Inc. Formable cardiac pacer lead and method of assembly and attachment to a body organ
EP0002068A2 (en) * 1977-11-22 1979-05-30 Carl Christian Hansen Electrode for implantation into cochlea
US4169479A (en) * 1977-02-24 1979-10-02 Rudolph Muto Elongated, tapered flexible front guide for electrical catheters and method of use
EP0009732A1 (de) * 1978-10-06 1980-04-16 Precimed S.A. Katheter für Herzschrittmacher
US4212304A (en) * 1978-04-07 1980-07-15 Medical Engineering Corp. Uretheral catheter stent
WO1980002801A1 (en) * 1979-06-14 1980-12-24 B Reenstierna Endocardial,implantable lead for pacemaker
US4307723A (en) * 1978-04-07 1981-12-29 Medical Engineering Corporation Externally grooved ureteral stent
US4357947A (en) * 1980-07-14 1982-11-09 Littleford Philip O Electrode and method for endocardial atrial pacing
US4379462A (en) * 1980-10-29 1983-04-12 Neuromed, Inc. Multi-electrode catheter assembly for spinal cord stimulation
US4381013A (en) * 1981-03-19 1983-04-26 Medtronic, Inc. "J" Stylet wire
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FR2262536A1 (zh) 1975-09-26

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