US3815074A - Thermistor for temperature measurement - Google Patents

Thermistor for temperature measurement Download PDF

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Publication number
US3815074A
US3815074A US00325655A US32565573A US3815074A US 3815074 A US3815074 A US 3815074A US 00325655 A US00325655 A US 00325655A US 32565573 A US32565573 A US 32565573A US 3815074 A US3815074 A US 3815074A
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United States
Prior art keywords
thermistor
thermistors
glass
temperature measurement
electrodes
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00325655A
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English (en)
Inventor
Y Nagata
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Shibaura Electronics Co Ltd
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Shibaura Electronics Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
    • H01C1/1413—Terminals or electrodes formed on resistive elements having negative temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
    • H01C17/28—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for applying terminals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y10T29/49085—Thermally variable
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y10T29/49087—Resistor making with envelope or housing

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Thermistors for temperature measurement and method of making the same, wherein the yield in the manufacture is very high and the choice of the products can be made in the midway of the manufacture so that small-sized thermistors having little change in the resistance for the long use can be obtained inexpensibly, said thermistors being usable at a high temperature.
  • a thermistor for temperature measurement which is superior in mass productivity, and capable of being manufactured inexpensively and with high yield and stably used up to a high temperature.
  • Thermistors for temperature measurement are usually manufactured by sintering powdery metal oxide such as manganeseoxide, nickel oxide and cobalt oxide, and can be classified into two types, namely bead type and disc type.
  • the bead type thermistor comprises two parallel thin platinum wires and a body formed by applying a slurried mass obtained by mixing the above mentioned powdery metal oxide with water, between the two parallel thin platinum wires, oscillating the mass to render it into a spherical form, drying it and sintering it at a temperature of one thousand and several hundred degrees.
  • the resistance value is selected by cutting one of the two parallel platinum wires.
  • the other wire ends are welded to lead lines such as Dumet wires, and the resultant system is sealed. with fused glass.
  • the disc type thermistor comprises electrodes formed by applying a conductive coating material directly to the opposite sides of a disc-shaped body which is made by pressure-molding metal oxide powder and sintering it, suitable lead wires being attached to the above electrode with solder and covered thereon with an insulating coating material such as lacquer or enamel.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a thermistor for temperature measurement, which eliminates the above mentioned drawbacks while retaining only the merits of the prior-art thermistors, the thennistor of which being reduced in size.
  • the resistance R (ohms) of the thermistor at temperature T is given as R R, exp 8.
  • R is the thermistor resistance at temperature T and B is a constant depending upon the material of the thermistor. It is very important to the individual thermistors that the changes of the resistance R and constant B are made small and the thermistor is provided with a stable property. Also, it is important that the deviations of the design values of resistance R and factor B are small. in case of manufacture of small-size thermistors for temperature measurement the labor expense is extremely high compared to the-material'cost. Therefore, in order to obtain thermistors inexpensively it is necessary to reduce the number ofmanufacturing steps and increase the output.
  • the electrodes can be formed by applying a heat-resistant conducting coating material to the opposite sides of 'the plate-like body before cuttingthe plate-like body into pellets, it is possible to obtain more uniform coating of the electrode material and extremely increased production efiiciency. Further. it is readily possibleto produce extremely small disc-like thermistor bodies with a diameter of about 0.5 mm,- which has heretofore been impossible. By way of example, accordingto the invention it is possible to cut 331 pellets with a diameter of 1mm "from a large disc body with a diameter of 30 mm within 1 minute.
  • the prior-art disc type thermistors in which the lead wires are soldered to the electrodes, are not stable for use in concealment with glass at high temperature.
  • the lead wires are connected to the electrodes by firing with a heat-resisting conductive coating material. This connection is so sound that even if, forexample, a platinum wire having a diameter of 8/ 100 mm is connected to the thermistor electrode and pulled, only the wire will be broken, but no damage will be caused in the connecting part.
  • a metallic wire such as platinum wire or Dumet wire which is capable of sealing air-tightly in the glass is used as the lead wire so that complicated processes for further connecting other lead wires may be eliminated.
  • the thermistor body can 'be airtightlysealed in fused glass. Thus, it is possible to obtain an extremely stablethermistor capable of being used up to a very high temperature.
  • the lead wires such as Dumet wires are connected to the electrode with the conductive coating material and then fired in an atmosphere containing oxygen, for example, in air
  • the surface of the electrode will be considerably oxidized. Therefore, when such an electrode assembly with its oxidized surface is sealed in the fused glass, the thermistor body will be contaminated with the powder of the oxidation film peeled from the electrode surface, or it will be soimperfectly sealed as to impair the air-tightness.
  • the firing is effected in aninert gas or reducing gas atmosphere. In thiscase, however, the thermistor is liable to be denatured so that the change in its resistance may be increased over long use. Further, the use of the lead wire free from oxidation such as platinum wire would increase the manufacturing cost andthe removal of the oxidized film by a chemical treatment would impair the thermistor body due to attachment of a chemical liquid to the body.
  • the problem of oxidation is solved by simultaneously carrying out the step of fixing the lead wire with the conductive coating material and the step of sealing thermistor body within the fused glass.
  • the conductive coating material is com posed of a metallic or organic component and an inorganic component such as glass.
  • the organic component is mostly evaporated at the time of drying, and is almost completely expelled through evaporation and oxidation before it is treated at the firing temperature.
  • the inorganic component is not evaporated before and at the time of firing.
  • oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt, etc. are mixed in a desired mixing ratio and pulverized, and the resultant powdery material is pressure molded to obtain a disc-like molding of several millimeters in diameter and about l millimeter in thickness.
  • the molding is then sintered at a temperature of one thousand and several hundred degrees.
  • the opposite sides of the sintered molding are lapped with a parallel lapping machine into a predetermined thickness of, for instance, 0.5 mm.
  • (a material composed chiefly of gold or gold and platinum such as item No. 8115 or 7553 of Du Pont Nemours, El.
  • the disc-shaped thermistor bodies of small-size'provided on their opposite sides with theelectrodes are formed.
  • the thermistor bodies thus formed are subjected to inspection to chose ones of excellent quality.
  • the chosen thermistor body, to which the lead wires such as Dumet wires or platinum wires are connected with the above mentioned conductive coating material, is dried at a temperature of above 100C.
  • the thermistorbody is disposed in a short tube of soda glass, having a thermal expansion coefficient which exerts no bad influence on the thermistor body, and then heated through a tunnel kiln at about 800C so as to fuse the glass tube, thereby simultaneously carrying out sealing of the thermistor body and firing of the conductive coating material to which the lead wires are attached.
  • the thermistor body as above mentioned can alternatively be formed by directly pressure molding the pellets having the desired diameter and thickness, sinter-' in the glass. In this case, however, there sometimes re-v sults the above mentioned impairment to the properties of the thermistor body.
  • the body may be coated with glass powder and then heated.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a thermistor according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a lateral sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
  • Electrodes 5 and 6 are formed by firing a heatresisting conductive coating material to fix it to the both surfaces of a disc-shaped thermistor body, having a diameter of less than 1 mm.
  • Lead wires 2 and 3 such as Dumet wires or plutinum wires which are capable of air-tightly sealing with glass are connected at their base portions to the electrodes 5 and 6 by firing the heatresisting conductive coating material.
  • the thermistor body 1, electrodes 5 and 6 and base portions of the lead wires 2 and 3 thus assembled are embedded in a glass body 4.
  • the thermistor made by the invention is so high in production in the manufacturing process that the production can be improved five times as much as the connectional bead type thermistors which provided merely about 10 percent yield.
  • the conventional bead-type thermistors can not make choice of the products in the mid-way of the manufacturing process, whereas according to the present invention the thermistors can be screened in the process of forming the thermistor body. In this screened state wherein the inferior-ones were removed the yield can further be improved to be more than ten times.
  • the manufacturing efficiency can considerably be improved, and the thermistors which can be massproduced at lower cost can be obtained.
  • the thermistor since the thermistor is embedded and sealed in the glass, it is very stable and can be used up to a very high temperature.
  • a thermistor for temperature measurement comprising a disc-shaped body of sinter powdery material having a diameter of less than about 1mm, electrode coating of fired heat-resisting conductive material on both surfaces of said disc-shaped body,-and metallic wires capable of sealing with glass, the base portions of said metallic wires being connected to said electrodes with the heat-resisting conductive coating material.
  • thermoistor for temperature measurement according to claim 1, wherein said thermistor body, electrodes and base portions of lead wires are embedded in a glass casing.
  • thermoistor for temperature measurement according to claim 1, wherein said thermistor body, electrodesand base portions of lead wires are covered with glass.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
US00325655A 1972-05-02 1973-01-22 Thermistor for temperature measurement Expired - Lifetime US3815074A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP47043274A JPS527535B2 (it) 1972-05-02 1972-05-02

Publications (1)

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US3815074A true US3815074A (en) 1974-06-04

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US00325655A Expired - Lifetime US3815074A (en) 1972-05-02 1973-01-22 Thermistor for temperature measurement

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3815074A (it)
JP (1) JPS527535B2 (it)
CA (1) CA962370A (it)
CH (1) CH562515A5 (it)
DE (1) DE2321715C2 (it)
FR (1) FR2183119B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1375685A (it)
IT (1) IT988177B (it)
NL (1) NL7306015A (it)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4232441A (en) * 1978-06-29 1980-11-11 Ford Motor Company Method for preparing rare earth or yttrium, transition metal oxide thermistors
US4317367A (en) * 1977-03-18 1982-03-02 Milton Schonberger Fever thermometer, or the like sensor
US4445109A (en) * 1981-02-11 1984-04-24 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Temperature sensing device
US4447799A (en) * 1981-01-30 1984-05-08 General Electric Company High temperature thermistor and method of assembling the same
US4712085A (en) * 1984-10-30 1987-12-08 Tdk Corporation Thermistor element and method of manufacturing the same
FR2822542A1 (fr) * 2001-03-23 2002-09-27 Denso Corp Capteur de temperature et procede pour sa fabrication
US20030128098A1 (en) * 2001-01-26 2003-07-10 Lavenuta Gregg J. Thermistor and method of manufacture
CN103792019A (zh) * 2014-01-28 2014-05-14 南京时恒电子科技有限公司 一种温度传感器制造方法
EP2779178A1 (en) * 2013-03-12 2014-09-17 NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Thermistor Element, Temperature Sensor, and Method for Manufacturing the Thermistor Element
US20150308903A1 (en) * 2014-04-25 2015-10-29 Lattron Co., Ltd. Temperature Sensor Element
CN105890794A (zh) * 2016-06-02 2016-08-24 句容市博远电子有限公司 一种传感器包封灌封一体化装置及其操作方法
CN106092364A (zh) * 2016-05-26 2016-11-09 句容市博远电子有限公司 Ntc温度传感器插片生产装置及方法
US20170268935A1 (en) * 2014-08-21 2017-09-21 Shenzhen Minjie Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Heat radiation-resistant ntc temperature sensors and applications thereof
US10072987B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2018-09-11 Denso Corporation Temperature sensor
US20190265108A1 (en) * 2017-03-16 2019-08-29 Shibaura Electronics Co., Ltd. Temperature sensor
US10488062B2 (en) 2016-07-22 2019-11-26 Ademco Inc. Geofence plus schedule for a building controller
US10534331B2 (en) 2013-12-11 2020-01-14 Ademco Inc. Building automation system with geo-fencing
CN111021042A (zh) * 2018-10-10 2020-04-17 江苏昆仑光源材料有限公司 一种双频程控电源一体化差动法杜美丝生产工艺系统

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5638042B2 (it) * 1974-03-07 1981-09-03
JPS5512402Y2 (it) * 1974-06-12 1980-03-18
JPS51146342U (it) * 1975-05-19 1976-11-24
FR2348550A1 (fr) * 1976-04-16 1977-11-10 Saunier Duval Procede d'isolation electrique d'une thermistance
JPS6121895Y2 (it) * 1977-06-01 1986-07-01
JPS62285401A (ja) * 1986-06-02 1987-12-11 株式会社村田製作所 サ−ミスタの製造方法
JPS6359302U (it) * 1986-10-07 1988-04-20
DE3733193C1 (de) * 1987-10-01 1988-11-24 Bosch Gmbh Robert NTC-Temperaturfuehler sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung von NTC-Temperaturfuehlerelementen
JPH02158102A (ja) * 1988-12-12 1990-06-18 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd ガラス封入形サーミスタ
JPH0582004U (ja) * 1992-04-06 1993-11-05 株式会社小松製作所 サーミスタ素子
TW463184B (en) 1999-04-09 2001-11-11 Murata Manufacturing Co Temperature sensor, method of producing same and method of mounting same to a circuit board
US10895883B2 (en) 2016-08-26 2021-01-19 Ademco Inc. HVAC controller with a temperature sensor mounted on a flex circuit

Citations (3)

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US2282944A (en) * 1940-05-23 1942-05-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Resistance composition and method of making it
US2462162A (en) * 1944-07-03 1949-02-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Metallic oxide resistor
US2547406A (en) * 1947-05-08 1951-04-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Method and means for controlling the resistance of oxidic semiconductors

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GB874882A (en) * 1959-06-05 1961-08-10 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Thermistors
BE586067A (it) * 1959-12-28 1960-01-15
AT237111B (de) * 1961-12-27 1964-11-25 Elettronica Metal Lux S P A Verfahren zur Herstellung flacher, elektrischer Schaltelemente
US3305821A (en) * 1963-10-03 1967-02-21 Corning Glass Works Glass-sealed electrical resistor
DE2031701C3 (de) * 1970-06-26 1974-01-03 Danfoss A/S, Nordborg (Daenemark) Heißleiter
US3767597A (en) * 1970-07-15 1973-10-23 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd High temperature thermistor composition

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2282944A (en) * 1940-05-23 1942-05-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Resistance composition and method of making it
US2462162A (en) * 1944-07-03 1949-02-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Metallic oxide resistor
US2547406A (en) * 1947-05-08 1951-04-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Method and means for controlling the resistance of oxidic semiconductors

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4317367A (en) * 1977-03-18 1982-03-02 Milton Schonberger Fever thermometer, or the like sensor
US4232441A (en) * 1978-06-29 1980-11-11 Ford Motor Company Method for preparing rare earth or yttrium, transition metal oxide thermistors
US4447799A (en) * 1981-01-30 1984-05-08 General Electric Company High temperature thermistor and method of assembling the same
US4445109A (en) * 1981-02-11 1984-04-24 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Temperature sensing device
US4712085A (en) * 1984-10-30 1987-12-08 Tdk Corporation Thermistor element and method of manufacturing the same
US8373535B2 (en) 2001-01-26 2013-02-12 Quality Thermistor, Inc. Thermistor and method of manufacture
US20030128098A1 (en) * 2001-01-26 2003-07-10 Lavenuta Gregg J. Thermistor and method of manufacture
US6660554B2 (en) 2001-01-26 2003-12-09 Gregg J. Lavenuta Thermistor and method of manufacture
US6880969B2 (en) 2001-03-23 2005-04-19 Denso Corporation Temperature sensor and production method thereof
FR2822542A1 (fr) * 2001-03-23 2002-09-27 Denso Corp Capteur de temperature et procede pour sa fabrication
EP2779178A1 (en) * 2013-03-12 2014-09-17 NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Thermistor Element, Temperature Sensor, and Method for Manufacturing the Thermistor Element
EP2985767A1 (en) * 2013-03-12 2016-02-17 NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Thermistor element and temperature sensor comprising the thermistor element
US9312054B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2016-04-12 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Thermistor element, temperature sensor, and method for manufacturing the thermistor element
US10649418B2 (en) 2013-12-11 2020-05-12 Ademco Inc. Building automation controller with configurable audio/visual cues
US10534331B2 (en) 2013-12-11 2020-01-14 Ademco Inc. Building automation system with geo-fencing
US10591877B2 (en) 2013-12-11 2020-03-17 Ademco Inc. Building automation remote control device with an in-application tour
US10768589B2 (en) 2013-12-11 2020-09-08 Ademco Inc. Building automation system with geo-fencing
US10712718B2 (en) 2013-12-11 2020-07-14 Ademco Inc. Building automation remote control device with in-application messaging
CN103792019A (zh) * 2014-01-28 2014-05-14 南京时恒电子科技有限公司 一种温度传感器制造方法
CN103792019B (zh) * 2014-01-28 2016-06-29 南京时恒电子科技有限公司 一种温度传感器制造方法
US9829391B2 (en) * 2014-04-25 2017-11-28 Lattron Co., Ltd. Temperature sensor element
US20150308903A1 (en) * 2014-04-25 2015-10-29 Lattron Co., Ltd. Temperature Sensor Element
US10072987B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2018-09-11 Denso Corporation Temperature sensor
US10488271B2 (en) * 2014-08-21 2019-11-26 Shenzhen Minjie Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Heat radiation-resistant NTC temperature sensors and applications thereof
US20170268935A1 (en) * 2014-08-21 2017-09-21 Shenzhen Minjie Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Heat radiation-resistant ntc temperature sensors and applications thereof
US11428585B2 (en) 2014-08-21 2022-08-30 Shenzhen Minjie Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Heat radiation-resistant NTC temperature sensors and applications thereof
CN106092364B (zh) * 2016-05-26 2019-05-17 句容市博远电子有限公司 Ntc温度传感器插片生产装置及方法
CN106092364A (zh) * 2016-05-26 2016-11-09 句容市博远电子有限公司 Ntc温度传感器插片生产装置及方法
CN105890794A (zh) * 2016-06-02 2016-08-24 句容市博远电子有限公司 一种传感器包封灌封一体化装置及其操作方法
US10488062B2 (en) 2016-07-22 2019-11-26 Ademco Inc. Geofence plus schedule for a building controller
US20190265108A1 (en) * 2017-03-16 2019-08-29 Shibaura Electronics Co., Ltd. Temperature sensor
US10935434B2 (en) * 2017-03-16 2021-03-02 Shibaura Electronics Co., Ltd. Temperature sensor
CN111021042A (zh) * 2018-10-10 2020-04-17 江苏昆仑光源材料有限公司 一种双频程控电源一体化差动法杜美丝生产工艺系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2321715A1 (de) 1973-11-15
NL7306015A (it) 1973-11-06
FR2183119A1 (it) 1973-12-14
IT988177B (it) 1975-04-10
DE2321715C2 (de) 1983-01-13
CH562515A5 (it) 1975-05-30
CA962370A (en) 1975-02-04
JPS494149A (it) 1974-01-14
GB1375685A (it) 1974-11-27
JPS527535B2 (it) 1977-03-03
FR2183119B1 (it) 1978-03-10

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