US3800417A - Cutter for a dry-shaver driven by a motor - Google Patents

Cutter for a dry-shaver driven by a motor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3800417A
US3800417A US00259914A US3800417DA US3800417A US 3800417 A US3800417 A US 3800417A US 00259914 A US00259914 A US 00259914A US 3800417D A US3800417D A US 3800417DA US 3800417 A US3800417 A US 3800417A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cutter
shear plate
shear
cutting edge
cutters
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00259914A
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English (en)
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E Tietjens
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B19/00—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers
    • B26B19/14—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers of the rotary-cutter type; Cutting heads therefor; Cutters therefor
    • B26B19/143—Details of outer cutters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B19/00—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers
    • B26B19/14—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers of the rotary-cutter type; Cutting heads therefor; Cutters therefor
    • B26B19/141—Details of inner cutters having their axes of rotation perpendicular to the cutting surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B19/00—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers
    • B26B19/14—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers of the rotary-cutter type; Cutting heads therefor; Cutters therefor
    • B26B19/145—Cutters being movable in the cutting head

Definitions

  • Cutters of this type are known in which the centre of the radius of curvature of the curved outline of the antidamage portion lies on the cutter side remote from the shear plate, so that the outline has the form of a curve which initially forms a continuation of the cutting edge and gradually curves away from the shear plate.
  • This gradualness of the curvature of the outline of the antidamage portion is of crucial importance for appropriate functioning, for the intention of the gradual curvature is to prevent a slight tilting movement of the cutter from causing a pointed end of the cutter to enter a hair entry opening, with consequent damage to the shear plate and the cutter and possibly even injury of the skin of the person using the dry-shaver, producing a burning feeling.
  • shear plates have a thickness and rigidly such that serious damage, such as fracture of the shear plate, is precluded.
  • a shaver cannot give a smooth shave, because this requires a shear plate having a thickness of at most 0.06 mm.
  • shear foils are highly vulnerable.
  • the invention is characterized in that the curved outline of the anti-damage portion extends in the same plane in which the cutting edge is mainly movable, and curves away from the adjoining cutting edge into a direction substantially opposed to the direction of movement of the cutting edge relative to the shear plate.
  • This shaping of the anti-damage portions ensures that when as a result of a cutter tilting its end enters a hair entry opening no excessively large forces are exerted on the shear plate, because the anti-damage portion which, viewed in the direction of movement of the cutter, is rearwardly curved enables the cutter to gradually leave the opening. Wear of the cutter does not influence this procedure.
  • the shape of the cutter does not become appreciably more complicated, so that the use of the invention hardly raises the cost of the shaving head.
  • the anti-damage portions shaped in accordance with the invention there must be an appropriate relationship between their dimensions and the dimensions of the hair entry openings provided in the shear plate.
  • the dimensions of the antidamage portions may be regarded as optimal if in comparison to the hair entry openings in the shear plates these portions have a size which is so large that damage of the aforementioned kind is excluded, but at the same time is as small as possible, because they contribute only in a limited degree to the cutting action of the cutters. Since the shape of the hair entry openings in the shear plates also influences these optimum dimensions, no dimensioning rules of general validity can be given.
  • An embodiment of the invention which is advantageous from the point of view of manufacturing technology is characterized in that the cutter is an integral piece of sheat material and the anti-damage portions are bent parts thereof.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is characterized that the anti-damage portions have the form of strips.
  • This provides the advantage that the mass of the cutter need only slightly be increased. This is of particular importance for shaving heads of the type described in U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 841,237, filed July 14, 1969, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,636,628 in which the cutters are spring loaded in a very slight degree only and must have small masses to enable then to follow the irregularities of the shear plate and its deformations during shaving.
  • the strip-shaped parts must have a dimension at right angles to the shear plate such that even after prolonged use they will not be worn away entirely.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation and part sectional view of a shaving head which has cutters according to the invention and is mounted on the housing of a dry-shaver,
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the shaving head shown in FIG. 1, part of the shear plate being broken away to show the cutter support which is disposed beneath the shear plate and the cutters mounted in it,
  • FIG. 3 shows, on an enlarged scale, the lower part of a cutter which is not provided with anti-damage portions and is slightly tilted with respect to a shear plate so that one end of the cutting edge has entered a circular hair entry opening,
  • FIG. 4 shows the same situation as FIG. 3 in respect of a cutter which at both sides is provided with antidamage portions according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows, on an enlarged scale, a cutter of the type shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 which cooperates a shear foil provided with hexagonal hair entry openings,
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of a single round hair entry opening and part of a straight cutting edge of a cutter which cooperates with the edge of the opening, whilst furthermore lines, angles and points are shown which are of importance for illustrating the theoretical background of the invention
  • FIG. 7 is a side elevation and part sectional view of the situation shown in FIG. 6,
  • FIG. 8 shows, likewise to illustrate the theoretical background of the invention, a perspective view of part of a shear plate and part of a circular hair entry opening, and furthermore lines, angles and points,
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view similar to that of FIG. 8, in which, however, the forces are shown which act on the cutter at the point at which the cutter engages the boundary of a hair entry opening,
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view similar to that shown in FIG. 6, with the inclusion of a boundary line to the left of which the straight part of a cutting edge may cause damage,
  • FIG. 11 again shows the situation shown in FIG. 8 for the case in which the cutting edge of a cutter is at an obtuse angle 6 to the Y axis
  • FIG. 12 again shows the plan view of FIG. 10, in which to the left of the said boundary line the optimally dimensioned curved outline of an anti-damage portion is shown in a form constructed according to a simplifled dimensioning rule, and
  • FIG. 13 illustrates how the cutting edges of 12 cutters according to the invention which still are interconnected by parts of the silver steel strip from which they have been punched, after hardening may simply be provided by grinding.
  • FIG. 1 shows the upper part of a dry-shaver 1 which comprises a shaving head 2 mounted on a housing part 3 which accommodates the motor.
  • the shaving head 2 comprises a cylindrical wall 4 in the upper end of which a substantially flat shear foil 5 is mounted by means of a clamping piece 6 pressed into the cylinder.
  • the cylinder 4 is screwed on an insertion piece 7 which is embedded in an envelope 8 made of synthetic material of the motor housing part 3.
  • a cutter support in the form of a disc 10 is arranged beneath the shear foil 5 which is provided with a large number of hair entry openings 9.
  • the disc 10 is drivably secured by means of a screw 11 to the shaft 12 of an electric driving motor which is accommodated in the motor housing part 3 but is not shown in the drawings.
  • the motor shaft 12 is mounted in a sleeve bearing 13 pressed into the insertion piece 7.
  • the disc 10 carries 12 cutters 14 which are slightly tiltable with respect to the shear foil 5 with which their cutting edges 15 cooperate.
  • the cutting edges 15 of the cutters 14 are straight and extend in a direction substantially at right angles to the direction in which they are moved. Obviously the direction of movement of each cutter 14 mounted in the disc 10 is equal to the direction of rotation of this disc 10, which direction is indicated by an arrow P in FIG. 2.
  • Each cutter 14 at either end of its cutting edge 15 has an anti-damage portion 16 which has a curved outline 1 7 which merges into the cutting edge 15; each cutter is mounted in a slit 18 in the disc 10.
  • Each cutter 14 has a convex lateral edge 19 which presses against that wall of the slit 18 which is nearer the disc circumference, the cutter 14 otherwise having sufficient room in the slit 18 to enable it to be slightly tiltable with respect to the shear foil 5.
  • the curved outlines 17 of the anti-damage portions 16 extend in the same plane in which the cutting edge 15 is mainly movable. Obviously this plane, neglecting slight movements of the cutter 14 in a direction at right angles to the shear foil 5 and slight tilting movements of the cutters 14 relative to the shear foil 5 during shaving, is the plane containing the lower surface of the shear foil 5.
  • the curved outline 17 bends away from the adjoining cutting edge 15 into a direction which is substantially opposite to the direction of movement P of the cutting edge 15 relative to the shear foil 5.
  • the ends of the cutting edge 15 of the cutter 14 are designated by 22.
  • FIG. 3 shows, on a greatly enlarged scale, the lower part of a cutter 14 which is not provided with antidamage portions.
  • the cutter is shown in a slightly tilted position relative to a shear foil 5 with which it cooperates and which is provided with circular hair entry openings 9. Owing to the tilted position of the cutter an end 22 of the cutting edge 15 may enter a hair entry opening. It will be seen from this Figure that, when the cutter 14 is driven in the direction of movement P, inevitably large forces will be exerted on the shear plate 5 and the cutter, because the end 22 which has entered a hair entry opening 9 will strike the wall of this openmg.
  • FIG. 4 again shows the situation of FIG. 3, but with the difference that the cutter 14 at both ends 22 of the cutting edge is provided with anti-damage portions 16 according to the invention.
  • the anti-damage portions 16 have the form of strips and hence have small masses. They are integral with the cutter 14 which is made of sheet material. Owing to the curved outline 17 of the anti-damage portion 16 the cutter 14, when it has assumed ,a slightly tilted position and continues to be driven inthe direction of movement P, may gradually move in a direction at right angles to the shear foil, so that the anti-damage portion 16 is enabled to move out of the hair entry opening 9 without exerting large forces on the surrounding parts of the shear foil 5.
  • FIG. 5 again shows on an enlarged scale a cutter 14 of the type shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 which cooperates with a shear foil 5 which is provided with hexagonal hair entry openings 9. Except for the anti-damage portions 16 cutters 14 of the type shown in FIG. 5 are described in U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 841,237, filed July 14, 1969, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,636,628 and U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 1 17,502 filed Feb. 22, 1971, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,740,843.
  • the largest dimension of the hair entry openings 9 in the shear foil 5 is about 0.5 to 0.6 mm.
  • the thickness of the sheet material of which the cutter 14 is made is only about 0.2 mm.
  • the radius of curvature of the curved outline 17 of the anti-damage portion 16 should be suitably dimensioned, for it has been found that this radius of curvature must have a given minimum value to ensure satisfactory functioning of the anti-damage portion 16.
  • the radius of curvature 17 may be used which are smaller than the minimum value necessary for satisfactory functioning of the anti-damage portion.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of a circular hair entry opening 9 formed in a flat shear foil 5.
  • the Figure also shows part of a cutting edge 15 of a cutter which is not provided with an anti-damage portion.
  • XOY coordinate axes the origin of which is in the centre of the hair entry opening 9 are shown in the plane in which the shear foil 5 and the cutting edge 15 cooperate. It is assumed that the cutting edge 15 moves parallel to the Y axis.
  • the cutting edge 15 is in contact with the wall 22 of the hair entry opening 9 at a point A, and a line I, is the tangent to the circle 22 at the point A.
  • the normal 1 through the origin to the tangent l, is at an angle a to the positive X axis.
  • FIG. 7 is a part side elevation, part sectional view of the situation shown in FIG. 6, the sectional plane containing the X axis and being at right angles to the XOY plane.
  • FIG. 7 shows the tilted position of the cutter 14 the end 22 of the cutting edge 15 of which has just entered the hair entry opening 9.
  • the angle at which the cutting edge 15 is tilted with respect to the XOY plane shown in FIG. 6 is indicated by an angle B between a line 1 which is the imaginary continuation of the cutting edge, and the upper surface of the shear foil.
  • FIG. 7 shows a third coordinate axis which extends at right angles to the XOY plane and is referred to as the Z axis.
  • the cutter 14 must move not only in the Y direction but also in the Z direction, that is away from the shear foil.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the situation shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. Instead of the cutting edge 15 of the cutter 14 only the line 1 is shown.
  • An arrow P indicates the instantaneous direction of movement of the line 1 and is at an angle 7 to the arrow P, which latter arrow lies in the XOY plane and is the projection of the arrow P,,,.
  • the direction of movement of the cutting edge 15 and hence the line 1 lie in a plane which is defined by the line 1 and the tangent l, to the circle 22.
  • FIG. 8 As will be seen from FIG. 8:
  • the point B is the point in which the tangent 1 to the circle 22 intersects the Y axis
  • point C is the point in which the projection 1 of the line 1 on the XOY plane intersects the Y axis
  • point D is the point in which the line 1 cuts the ZOY plane.
  • the cutter would have to move perpendicularly, i.e., in the direction of the Z axis, to get out of the hair entry opening 9, while the direction of movement P of the cutter support 10 lies in the XOY plane. To prevent the shear foil 5 from being damaged ways must be found to prevent the occurrence of this situation.
  • FIG. 9 a frictional force W acting on the cutter in the point A and the associated normal force N are shown which are produced under the influence of a driving force K which acts on the cutter in the direction of the arrow P.
  • a driving force K which acts on the cutter in the direction of the arrow P.
  • R is the radius of the hair entry opening 9. This means that the part of the cutting edge 15 which may become located to the left of the boundary line 1,, must have a shape such as to preclude damage.
  • FIG. II a line I is at an angle 8 to the Y axis. This angle is frequently referred to as the cutting angle.
  • FIG. 11 also shows a point E on the Y axis, which is the foot of a perpendicular l drawn from A to the Y axis. From FIG. 11 follows:
  • tan 180 6) tan 8 AE/EC and tan a AE/BE.
  • I/tan (b tan ,8 tan a/sin 8 tan a cos 8 which may be rearranged to:
  • angles and B are known quantities, for every 8 an associated a can be calculated, permitting the theoretically correct form ofa cutter in the unsafe area", i.e., the area to the left of the boundary line 1,, in FIG. 10, to be determined.
  • the curved outline 17 need not extend as far as is shown in FIG. 12, but may be made shorter without impairing satisfactory functioning of the anti-damage portion. It has been found to be sufiicient for the curve 17 to be extended until the angle 8 which corresponds to an angle a I I540.
  • cutters may be designed for hair entry openings of different shapes also, for it has been found that the most important factor is to ensure that the cutting angle 8 always satisfies the aforementioned requirements.
  • the cutting edge 15 and the curved outlines l7 lie in a flat plane. This enables the cutters to be provided with cutting edges by means ofa simple grinding operation.
  • FIG. 13 shows twelve cutters 14 which are still interconnected via connections 26 by a part 25 of the silver steel strip from which they have been punched.
  • the assembly is clamped in a carriage 27 which is partly shown in section and is movable along a bed 29 of a grinding machine 30 in the direction indicated by an arrow 28.
  • the machine further comprises a grinding wheel 32 adapted to rotate about a fixed axle 31 and driven by a motor, not shown. By moving the carriage 27 underneath the grinding wheel 32 the cutting edges 15 and the curved outlines 17 may rapidly and simply be provided.
  • a dry-shaver including a housing, a rotary motor with a central axis, a cutter-support rotated by said motor, a shear plate with hair-openings therethrough carried by said housing and situated generally normal to said axis, the support including a plurality of slots, each extending axially therethrough and extending generally radially from said axis and defining a planar space, a plurality of cutters, one secured in each of said slots and moved in a circular path by rotation of said cutter support and having a top edge extending axially toward and contacting said shear plate, means urging each cutter toward said shear plate and permitting said cutter to tip about an axis generally normal to the plane of said slot, each cutters top edge defining a line, generally transverse to the cutters path of movement with ends of the edge bent about a smooth curve to a direction generally normal to said straight line to form antidamage portions extending generally along said path.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said means urging each cutter toward the shear plate comprises a spring wire having one part secured in said cutter support and another part flexed and contacting g UNITED STATES PATENT OFFItE CERTIFICATE 0F QURRECTION Patent No. 3800417 Dated April 2, 1974 l egg EDUARD WILLEM TIETJENS It is certified that error appears in tha above-identified patent and that said LettersPatent are hereby carrected as shown below:

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dry Shavers And Clippers (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
US00259914A 1971-06-21 1972-06-05 Cutter for a dry-shaver driven by a motor Expired - Lifetime US3800417A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7108535A NL7108535A (fr) 1971-06-21 1971-06-21

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US3800417A true US3800417A (en) 1974-04-02

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US00259914A Expired - Lifetime US3800417A (en) 1971-06-21 1972-06-05 Cutter for a dry-shaver driven by a motor

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US (1) US3800417A (fr)
AR (1) AR192949A1 (fr)
AT (1) AT310035B (fr)
BE (1) BE785108A (fr)
CA (1) CA960449A (fr)
CH (1) CH554730A (fr)
DE (1) DE2227910C3 (fr)
ES (1) ES404020A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2143170B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1392485A (fr)
IT (1) IT959171B (fr)
NL (1) NL7108535A (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4050199A (en) * 1975-04-28 1977-09-27 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of grinding a toothed cutter for hair-cutting apparatus
US4223437A (en) * 1977-11-28 1980-09-23 U.S. Philips Corporation Shaving apparatus
US4227301A (en) * 1977-11-28 1980-10-14 U.S. Philips Corporation Shaving apparatus
US5007168A (en) * 1988-12-24 1991-04-16 Braun Aktiengesellschaft Electric dry shaving apparatus with a movable shaving head arrangement
US5301425A (en) * 1992-11-04 1994-04-12 Warner-Lambert Company Rotary powered dynamic shaving system with shaving aid
US5329702A (en) * 1992-04-17 1994-07-19 Izumi Products Company Electric razor
EP1935587A1 (fr) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-25 Izumi Products Company Rasoir électrique rotatif et son unité de coupe interne
US20130152399A1 (en) * 2010-08-30 2013-06-20 Dorco Co., Ltd. Multi-blade electric rotary razor
CN103846623A (zh) * 2012-12-06 2014-06-11 株式会社泉精器制作所 旋转式电动剃须刀的外刀具的制造方法
US20150343652A1 (en) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-03 Izumi Products Company Rotary electric shaver

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7300454A (fr) * 1973-01-12 1974-07-16

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2331500A (en) * 1939-02-18 1943-10-12 Remington Rand Inc Mechanical razor
US3284894A (en) * 1965-06-21 1966-11-15 Joseph J Ryan Razor having hair trimming means

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2331500A (en) * 1939-02-18 1943-10-12 Remington Rand Inc Mechanical razor
US3284894A (en) * 1965-06-21 1966-11-15 Joseph J Ryan Razor having hair trimming means

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4050199A (en) * 1975-04-28 1977-09-27 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of grinding a toothed cutter for hair-cutting apparatus
US4223437A (en) * 1977-11-28 1980-09-23 U.S. Philips Corporation Shaving apparatus
US4227301A (en) * 1977-11-28 1980-10-14 U.S. Philips Corporation Shaving apparatus
US5007168A (en) * 1988-12-24 1991-04-16 Braun Aktiengesellschaft Electric dry shaving apparatus with a movable shaving head arrangement
US5329702A (en) * 1992-04-17 1994-07-19 Izumi Products Company Electric razor
US5301425A (en) * 1992-11-04 1994-04-12 Warner-Lambert Company Rotary powered dynamic shaving system with shaving aid
EP1935587A1 (fr) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-25 Izumi Products Company Rasoir électrique rotatif et son unité de coupe interne
US20080172881A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-24 Izumi Products Company Rotary electric shaver and inner cutter therefor
US20130152399A1 (en) * 2010-08-30 2013-06-20 Dorco Co., Ltd. Multi-blade electric rotary razor
US9174350B2 (en) * 2010-08-30 2015-11-03 Dorco Co., Ltd Multi-blade electric rotary razor
CN103846623A (zh) * 2012-12-06 2014-06-11 株式会社泉精器制作所 旋转式电动剃须刀的外刀具的制造方法
US20140157957A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2014-06-12 Izumi Products Company Method of manufacturing outer cutter of rotary electric shaver
CN103846623B (zh) * 2012-12-06 2017-06-06 株式会社泉精器制作所 旋转式电动剃须刀的外刀具的制造方法
US20150343652A1 (en) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-03 Izumi Products Company Rotary electric shaver
US9789616B2 (en) * 2014-05-30 2017-10-17 Izumi Products Company Rotary electric shaver

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Publication number Publication date
GB1392485A (en) 1975-04-30
DE2227910A1 (de) 1973-01-11
ES404020A1 (es) 1975-05-16
CA960449A (en) 1975-01-07
FR2143170B1 (fr) 1973-07-13
FR2143170A1 (fr) 1973-02-02
DE2227910B2 (de) 1979-03-29
DE2227910C3 (de) 1979-11-22
CH554730A (de) 1974-10-15
AT310035B (de) 1973-09-10
BE785108A (fr) 1972-12-19
AR192949A1 (es) 1973-03-21
NL7108535A (fr) 1972-12-27
IT959171B (it) 1973-11-10

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