US3799767A - Process and alloy for making ductile iron - Google Patents

Process and alloy for making ductile iron Download PDF

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Publication number
US3799767A
US3799767A US00189670A US18967071A US3799767A US 3799767 A US3799767 A US 3799767A US 00189670 A US00189670 A US 00189670A US 18967071 A US18967071 A US 18967071A US 3799767 A US3799767 A US 3799767A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
percent
magnesium
nodularizing
alloy
bath
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00189670A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Malizio
M Rice
H Brooks
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WALTER INDUSTRIES Inc
United States Pipe and Foundry Co LLC
Original Assignee
United States Pipe and Foundry Co LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE790044D priority Critical patent/BE790044A/xx
Application filed by United States Pipe and Foundry Co LLC filed Critical United States Pipe and Foundry Co LLC
Priority to US00189670A priority patent/US3799767A/en
Priority to AU47298/72A priority patent/AU465895B2/en
Priority to CA153,111A priority patent/CA976762A/en
Priority to ZA727069A priority patent/ZA727069B/xx
Priority to GB2425275A priority patent/GB1415697A/en
Priority to GB4590572A priority patent/GB1415696A/en
Priority to SE7213165A priority patent/SE436761B/xx
Priority to NO3691/72A priority patent/NO135098C/no
Priority to FI2846/72A priority patent/FI56980C/fi
Priority to IT70239/72A priority patent/IT975256B/it
Priority to TR17878A priority patent/TR17878A/xx
Priority to DE2265330A priority patent/DE2265330C3/de
Priority to DK508672A priority patent/DK151103C/da
Priority to FR7236415A priority patent/FR2156367B1/fr
Priority to DE2250165A priority patent/DE2250165C3/de
Priority to BR007195/72A priority patent/BR7207195D0/pt
Priority to ES407636A priority patent/ES407636A1/es
Priority to JP10279072A priority patent/JPS5625492B2/ja
Priority to ES416875A priority patent/ES416875A1/es
Priority to US434403 priority patent/US3905809B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3799767A publication Critical patent/US3799767A/en
Priority to DK022278AA priority patent/DK153686B/da
Priority to FI800074A priority patent/FI61720C/fi
Priority to JP1146081A priority patent/JPS5723015A/ja
Assigned to WALTER INDUSTRIES, INC. reassignment WALTER INDUSTRIES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: UNITED STATES PIPE AND FOUNDRY COMPANY
Assigned to UNITED STATES PIPE AND FOUNDRY COMPANY, A DELAWARE CORPORATION reassignment UNITED STATES PIPE AND FOUNDRY COMPANY, A DELAWARE CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: WALTER INDUSTRIES, INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel

Definitions

  • a process for producing ductile iron comprising adding to a bath of low-sulfur cast iron, a material containing at least two graphite-nodularizng elements.
  • the additive material contains each nodularizng element in relatively low concentrations so that after dissolution in the bath the concentration of nodularizng elements remaining is sucient to produce the desired structure, -bu-t the concentration of any one element is, of itself, insufiicient to produce nodular (spheroidal) graphite.
  • the invention is in the field of metallurgy, more specifically, cast iron metallurgy, wherein the end products are ductile iron castings produced by either the permanent mold or sand casting procesees.
  • the loss of magnesium is generally referred to in the art as fading
  • Certain of the aforementioned disadvantages can be partially overcome depending on the manner of adding the magnesium or magnesium-alloy to the molten metal bath. For example, flash and are can be shielded from the eye by a protective cover. Also, somewhat greater eiciencies can be realized when the magnesium is added to the bath under pressure as opposed to pouring the molten metal on top of the magnesium-alloy.
  • 'Ihese methods are generally undesirable from an economic and process viewpoint in that they require additional equipment to either enclose the arca where the magnesium additions are being made or to pressurize the vessel in which the additions are made. Such methods, particularly the pressurizing method, also add additional time and expense to the process.
  • cerium is also a nodularizng element and is less reactive upon addition to molten cast iron thus overcoming the flare and smoke problem and also giving increased recoveries.
  • cerium Despite the higher recoveries and lack of reactivity, cerium will still exhibit an undesirably high rate of fade. In addition, cerium is generally only eiiective in hypereutectic cast irons, it is a strong carbide former and, in our experience, has produced graphite particles that are not as perfectly shaped as those produced by the magnesium proess.
  • Another object of our invention is to reduce the fume and flare accompanying the addition of the nodularizng material.
  • a further object of our invention is to decrease the rate of fade of the nodularizng effect in the treated bath.
  • Yet another object of our invention is to provide ⁇ a process for minimizing the dross content of ductile iron.
  • an object of our invention is to provide a process allowing a selection of a number of individual nodularizers and quantities of individual nodularizers.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the basic steps in the usual process of making ductile iron castings, and is not part of our invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graphical representation showing the amount of effective nodularizng elements remaining in a bath of molten iron vs. holding time and comparing additions of one nodularizng element (as known in the prior art) t0 additions of more than one nodularizng element in accordace with our invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph of the graphite structure of a pipe cast after prolonged holding of a melt to which 5 nodularizng elements were added pursuant to our invention.
  • PIG. 4 is a graphical representation comparing the percentages of the original additions remaining in a bath of cast iron vs. holding time and comparing additions of one nodularizng element (as known in the prior art) to additions of more than one nodularizng element in accordance with our ivention.
  • FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of the amount of 2 nodularizng elements remaining in pipe made under production condition vs. time after addition according to our invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is schematically represented the usual process for producing ductile iron castings.
  • Our invention relates to the nodularizng step, those preceding steps being well known to one skilled in the art.
  • the relationship between nodularizing agents used, the manner of use and the nodularizing effect forms the basis of our invention.
  • Our invention lies in the discovery that the total amount of nodularizing agents needed to produce ductile iron can be reduced if more than one nodularizing element is added in proper amounts. This allows a reduction in the concentration of the nodularizing elements in the bath which in turn improves eiiiciency, gives longer eiective life, i.e., reduce fading, minimizes flare and smoke and minimizes the tendency for the iron to form dross.
  • Norm-Numbers in parentheses represent amount of individual elements.
  • the molten bath of low sulfur cast iron prior to the nodularizing step, was comprised of the following ele- In Test A the mangnesium addition of 0.05 percent by weight of iron was in the form of a commercial, ceriumfree, magnesium ferrosilicon having a magnesium content of 6.17 percent.
  • Test B 0.05 percent by weight of pure cerium metal chips was added to the bath.
  • Test C the magnesium and cerium additions were made in the form of an alloy containing 3.0 percent magnesium plus 3.0 percent cerium, 45 percent silicon, balance iron.
  • the total nodularizing addition of .05 percent by weight consisted of 0.025 percent magnesium plus 0.025 percent cerium.
  • Test D again the total nodularizing addition amounted to 0.05 percent by weight.
  • the nodularizing addition consisted of 0.01 percent each of the following ve elements: magnesium, cerium, lanthanum, neodymium and yttrium.
  • Magnesium and cerium were added in the form of a ferrosilicon alloy containing 3% magnesium and 3% cerium.
  • Lanthanum and neodymium were added in the metallic form; the neodymium contained 74 percent neodymium and 14 percent praseodymium.
  • the yttrium was added in the form of a ferro silicon containing percent yttrium.
  • Table I shows the residual concentration of five nodularizing elements in a melt of cast iron at times up to 15 minutes after the addition of .01% of each element was made.
  • a 6 inch diameter pipe was cast from this melt (Test D) at 18 minutes after the ve elements were added.
  • This pipe had an acceptable nodular graphite structure as shown in FIG. 3. Since the residual amounts of the individual nodularizing elements in this melt are so minute, as shown in Table I, the structure in FIG. 3 could only have resulted from the combined nodularizing power of all the elements present.
  • the cu-rves shown in FIG. 2 were established by adding only one of the nodularizing elements or combinations of the elements to baths of molten cast iron containing the following range of indicated elements in the nal composition.
  • the additions consisted of magnesium ferrosilicon (containing 5 percent magnesium) plus an addition of cerium ferrosilicon (containing 10 percent cerium). The amounts added were .025 percent magnesium +0.25 percent cerium for a total nodularizing addition of .05 percent.
  • the tests showed that pipe having good spheroidal graphite structures could be cast at times as long as 34 minutes after the additions were made.
  • the data illustrated in Table III is shown graphically in FIG. 5.
  • the curves in FIG. 5 show that pipe cast 34 minutes after addition of magnesium-i-cerium were found to contain .013 percent magnesium H-.OlO percent cerium.
  • a process for making ductile iron castings characterized by reduced fuming and flaring and decreased rate of fade of .the nodularizing elfect in the treated bath, and in which free graphite exists mainly in the form of spheroids comprising the following steps:
  • a process for making ductile iron castings comprising the following steps:
  • one of said at least two nodularizing elements is magnesium in an amount of up to 3 percent by IWeight and the remaining nodularizing elements of said at least two nodularizing elements include up to 3 percent iby weight of each of said remaining nodularizing elements.
  • said at least two nodularizing elements consist of magnesium and cerium, said magnesium and cerium each being present in amounts up to '3 percent by Weight of said alloy.
  • a process for making ductile iron castings comprising the following steps:
  • each alloy of said mixture comprising at least one nodularizing element selected from a group consisting of magnesium, cerium, yttrium, lanthanum, neodymium and praseodymium, the total weight of nodularizing elements in said mixture being from 0.03 to 0.12 percent of the weight of said bath, each nodularizing element being different from any other nodularizing 8 element in said mixture, and the amount of each nodularizing element alone being less than required to produce ductile iron in which approximately 90% of the graphite exists as well-formed spheroids, magnesium, if used, being present in the alloy in an amount of from 1 to 3% by weight of said alloy,
  • nodularizing elements in said mixture of alloys comprise up to 6% by weight of said mixture of alloys.
  • said mixture consists of a iirst alloy and a second alloy, said first alloy comprising only one nodularizer, said second alloy comprising at least onenodularizer, said rst alloy comprising magnesium in an amount up to 3 percent by Iweight and said second alloy comprising up to 3 percent by weight of each of the remaining nodularizing elements.
  • said mixture of alloys consists of a rst alloy comprising only one nodularizer and a second alloy comprising only one nodularizer and said first alloy comprises up to 3 percent magnesium by weight of said rst alloy and said second alloy 'comprises up to 3 percent cerium by weight of said second alloy.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
US00189670A 1971-10-15 1971-10-15 Process and alloy for making ductile iron Expired - Lifetime US3799767A (en)

Priority Applications (24)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE790044D BE790044A (fr) 1971-10-15 Procede de realisation de pieces en fonte ductile
US00189670A US3799767A (en) 1971-10-15 1971-10-15 Process and alloy for making ductile iron
AU47298/72A AU465895B2 (en) 1971-10-15 1972-10-03 Process and alloy for making ductile iron
CA153,111A CA976762A (en) 1971-10-15 1972-10-03 Process and alloy for making ductile iron
ZA727069A ZA727069B (en) 1971-10-15 1972-10-03 Process and alloy for making ductile iron
GB2425275A GB1415697A (en) 1971-10-15 1972-10-05 Nodularizing composition for making ductile iron
GB4590572A GB1415696A (en) 1971-10-15 1972-10-05 Process for making ductile iron
SE7213165A SE436761B (sv) 1971-10-15 1972-10-12 Forfarande for framstellning av gjutjern med sferoidal grafit
DE2265330A DE2265330C3 (de) 1971-10-15 1972-10-13 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit
FI2846/72A FI56980C (fi) 1971-10-15 1972-10-13 Noduliseringskomposition foer anvaendning vid framstaellning av segjaern
IT70239/72A IT975256B (it) 1971-10-15 1972-10-13 Procedimento e composizione per la produzione di getti di ferro duttile
TR17878A TR17878A (tr) 1971-10-15 1972-10-13 Hadde demir imalatina mahsus usul ve alasim
NO3691/72A NO135098C (no) 1971-10-15 1972-10-13
DK508672A DK151103C (da) 1971-10-15 1972-10-13 Fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af sejt jernstoebegods
FR7236415A FR2156367B1 (no) 1971-10-15 1972-10-13
DE2250165A DE2250165C3 (de) 1971-10-15 1972-10-13 Nodularisierungszusammensetzung zur Verwendung bei der Herstellung von Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit
BR007195/72A BR7207195D0 (pt) 1971-10-15 1972-10-13 Processo para formacao de moldados de ferro-dutil uma composicao de modularizacao e ligas para a execucao do mesmo
ES407636A ES407636A1 (es) 1971-10-15 1972-10-14 Un procedimiento para fabricar piezas coladas de hierro ductil.
JP10279072A JPS5625492B2 (no) 1971-10-15 1972-10-16
ES416875A ES416875A1 (es) 1971-10-15 1973-07-13 Perfeccionamientos introducidos en aleaciones.
US434403 US3905809B2 (en) 1971-10-15 1974-01-18 Alloy for making ductile iron
DK022278AA DK153686B (da) 1971-10-15 1978-01-17 Nodulariseringssammensaetning til anvendelse ved fremstilling af sejt jernstoebegods
FI800074A FI61720C (fi) 1971-10-15 1980-01-10 Foerfarande foer framstaellning av segjaern
JP1146081A JPS5723015A (en) 1971-10-15 1981-01-28 Cast iron tissue graphite composition used in making high ductile iron cast having spherical graphite texture

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00189670A US3799767A (en) 1971-10-15 1971-10-15 Process and alloy for making ductile iron

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3799767A true US3799767A (en) 1974-03-26

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US00189670A Expired - Lifetime US3799767A (en) 1971-10-15 1971-10-15 Process and alloy for making ductile iron

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US3799767A (no)
JP (2) JPS5625492B2 (no)
AU (1) AU465895B2 (no)
BE (1) BE790044A (no)
BR (1) BR7207195D0 (no)
CA (1) CA976762A (no)
DE (2) DE2250165C3 (no)
DK (1) DK151103C (no)
ES (2) ES407636A1 (no)
FI (1) FI56980C (no)
FR (1) FR2156367B1 (no)
GB (2) GB1415697A (no)
IT (1) IT975256B (no)
NO (1) NO135098C (no)
SE (1) SE436761B (no)
TR (1) TR17878A (no)
ZA (1) ZA727069B (no)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL8203733A (nl) * 1979-10-24 1984-04-16 Moore William H Werkwijze ter bereiding van gietijzer.
US9945003B2 (en) 2015-09-10 2018-04-17 Strato, Inc. Impact resistant ductile iron castings

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59123178U (ja) * 1983-02-04 1984-08-18 株式会社豊田自動織機製作所 無杼織機における緯糸把持装置
CN113430325A (zh) * 2021-07-01 2021-09-24 南京浦江合金材料股份有限公司 含钡、镧球化包芯线及其冷制备工艺

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB718177A (en) * 1951-01-16 1954-11-10 British Cast Iron Res Ass Improvements in the production of cast iron
FR1056979A (fr) * 1952-02-22 1954-03-04 British Cast Iron Res Ass Production de la fonte grise
US2792300A (en) * 1954-04-14 1957-05-14 John A Livingston Process for the production of nodular iron
GB829658A (en) * 1956-02-10 1960-03-02 Union Carbide Corp Treatment of ferrous metals
FR1166661A (fr) * 1956-02-10 1958-11-13 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Procédé et agent de traitement de produits ferreux
GB822789A (en) * 1956-11-30 1959-10-28 Int Harvester Co Improvements in the manufacture of spheroidal graphite cast iron
FR1187119A (fr) * 1956-11-30 1959-09-07 Int Harvester Co Moulage en fonte malléable
CH521443A (de) * 1969-12-30 1972-04-15 Sulzer Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL8203733A (nl) * 1979-10-24 1984-04-16 Moore William H Werkwijze ter bereiding van gietijzer.
US9945003B2 (en) 2015-09-10 2018-04-17 Strato, Inc. Impact resistant ductile iron castings

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE436761B (sv) 1985-01-21
AU4729872A (en) 1974-04-11
ZA727069B (en) 1973-06-27
JPS5723015A (en) 1982-02-06
DK151103C (da) 1988-03-21
GB1415697A (en) 1975-11-26
DE2250165C3 (de) 1978-05-24
AU465895B2 (en) 1975-10-09
DE2250165B2 (de) 1977-09-29
ES416875A1 (es) 1976-07-01
BE790044A (fr) 1973-04-13
ES407636A1 (es) 1975-10-16
CA976762A (en) 1975-10-28
JPS5625492B2 (no) 1981-06-12
FI56980B (fi) 1980-01-31
JPS4847432A (no) 1973-07-05
GB1415696A (en) 1975-11-26
DE2265330C3 (de) 1980-06-26
NO135098B (no) 1976-11-01
NO135098C (no) 1977-02-09
TR17878A (tr) 1976-09-01
DE2265330B2 (de) 1979-10-11
IT975256B (it) 1974-07-20
DE2250165A1 (de) 1973-04-19
BR7207195D0 (pt) 1973-07-24
DE2265330A1 (de) 1977-07-07
FR2156367A1 (no) 1973-05-25
FR2156367B1 (no) 1978-03-03
FI56980C (fi) 1980-05-12
DK151103B (da) 1987-11-02

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