US3795113A - Method and apparatus for consolidating soils and improving the base bearing for foundation structures - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for consolidating soils and improving the base bearing for foundation structures Download PDF

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Publication number
US3795113A
US3795113A US00245568A US3795113DA US3795113A US 3795113 A US3795113 A US 3795113A US 00245568 A US00245568 A US 00245568A US 3795113D A US3795113D A US 3795113DA US 3795113 A US3795113 A US 3795113A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cell
soil
injection
binder mixture
foundation
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00245568A
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English (en)
Inventor
W Chitis
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority claimed from IT4044171A external-priority patent/IT942332B/it
Priority claimed from IT4044571A external-priority patent/IT1005038B/it
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
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Publication of US3795113A publication Critical patent/US3795113A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/62—Compacting the soil at the footing or in or along a casing by forcing cement or like material through tubes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil

Definitions

  • a hollow impermeable rigid wall pressure cell or chamber is inserted, this cell communicating with the outside by means of an injection conduit and a vent conduit, then over said chamber or cell erecting the foundation structures (piles, walls, etc.), next injecting through the injection conduit a pressure binder mixture within the chamber previously introduced into the soil, then closing the vent conduit and continuing to inject pressure binder mixture until destroying the impermeability of said chamber and enabling a tamping or stuffing up of the neighbouring soil, then closing also the injection conduit and maintaining it at closed condition until the binder mixter injected into the soil has set, and finally washing or scavenging in site the pressure cell, whereupon the injection operation of the pressure binder mixture into the cell can be repeated also for many times by following the same method and through the same device above described.
  • the device according to the present invention aims to provide at the base of a pile or similar structure, as site cast, a distributed pressure and pile base soil tamping and, subordinately, a soil grouting, such that a strain is exerted both against the pile base (or similar structure) and neighbouring soil.
  • the device eseentially comprises a hollow impermeable resistant shell (pressure cell) which is introduced into the soil prior to casting and arranged at the pile base.
  • the shell wall is made watertight and impermeable to prevent the internal cavity from being filled with cement liquid as the pile or similar structure is cast.
  • said shell Upon cast completion, said shell is pressurized by injecting therein a binding mixture (either ofa cement or chemical type), that is capable of setting and hardening after some time.
  • a binding mixture either ofa cement or chemical type
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that the impermeable shell wall, or even the shell alone, will break up as a result of the expansion caused by the binding mixture pres sure, thus allowing the pressure liquid to diffuse within the soil and impregnate the same.
  • the soil grouting effect will add to the mechanical tamping effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical section of the device
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the device.
  • the inventive device comprises two plates and 10' facing each other so as to provide an inner space lll which is maintained by spacing means 12.
  • An injection conduit 13 terminates in said cavity 11 and a vent conduit 14 branches therefrom.
  • the device walls or plates 10, 10 are provided with a set of through holes 15 and the whole device body is enclosed by an impermeable shell 16.
  • this shell can comprise one or more layers ofjute cloth or the like, externally coated with an impermeable plastic sheet. This serves the purpose of facilitating through the cloth thickness the ejection of water forming the injection binder mixture, whereby the latter may exhibit a higher density and strength.
  • the device is placed on the soil at the cast base or foot (pile, wall, etc.) whereupon the casting for said overhanging structure (pile, wall, etc.) is effected.
  • the overhanging cement casting has set and consolidated, the device cavity (which has remained free of contamination owing to the impermeable shell 16) is filled with binding mixtures through the injection hole 13. Air exits from the vent tube 14. Then, by closing said vent tube 14 and pressurizing the injected liquid, the latter will cause the whole assembly to expand,
  • the impermeable shell 16 will be filled with pressure liquid and break up at a plurality of locations, particularly towards the soil, and the liquid binding mixture will exit, thus impregnating and tamping the soil.
  • the injection of binding mixture is shut off,'the injection tube 13 is tightly sealed and maintained at a constant pressure, such as by means of a gate or other system, until said pressure liquid has set. whereupon, washing or scavenging can be effected for the whole assembly comprising the cell and the two injection and vent tubes, so that a second injection operation at a higher pressure can be repeated.
  • the device pressurization can be repeated also for many times at indefinite intervals. For example and particularly in loose soils, such a repetition would enable to recover or balance any sinkings a pile might undergo in time.
  • the soil strength values for base load bearing can be obtained, and in the case the limit load still for base load bearing, beyond which the soil would collapse.
  • the sinking of a pile which has been previously pressurized through the base cell M), 10' according to the present invention will be at any rate lower than that of an ordinary pile, and this due to both soil tamping and soil chamber laterally of the pile trunk.
  • a further application of the pressure cell 10, is to be found in the injection field.
  • a method for consolidating soil and improving the bearing base for a foundation structure comprising the steps of (a) introducing beneath the soil surface a ho]- low enclosed cell member having an injection conduit member and a vent conduit member establishing communication between the interior of said cell member and the atmosphere above the soil surface and said cell having an impermeable, rupturable cover surrounding it, (b) erecting a foundation member in a position above said cell member, (c) injecting into said cell member through the injection conduit member a binder mixture under increased pressure sufficient to rupture said impermeable covering and to cause said binder mixture to penetrate the soil neighboring said cell member, (d) while maintaining said increased pressure, causing said binder mixture injected into the soil to set, (e) injecting into said cell member through the injection member a washing liquid thereby washing all unset binder mixture from the interior of said cell member and from said injection conduit and vent conduit members, and (f) repeating at least once the steps (c), (d) and (e) set forth above.
  • a device suitable for introduction into the soil to effect consolidation thereof and improve the bearing support for foundation structures comprising a hollow enclosed cell member comprised of two opposing apertured plates separated from one another and mutually supported by a plurality of spacing means, an injection conduit member communicating with the interior chamber of said cell, a vent conduit member communicating with the interior chamber of said cell, and a covering layer surrounding said cell, said cover being impermeable but capable of being ruptured by means of a binder mixture forced under pressure into the hollow interior of said cell through said injection conduit member.
  • said cell comprises two opposing apertured convex-concave plates separated from one another and mutually supported by a plurality of spacing means.
  • said covering comprises at least one layer of jute linen and a second exterior layer of impermeable plastic material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
US00245568A 1971-11-08 1972-04-19 Method and apparatus for consolidating soils and improving the base bearing for foundation structures Expired - Lifetime US3795113A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT4044171A IT942332B (it) 1971-11-08 1971-11-08 Dispositivo per migliorare l appog gio di base di pali di fondazione in calcestruzzo gettato in sito ov vero di strutture similari
IT4044571A IT1005038B (it) 1971-12-03 1971-12-03 Ralo di fondazione a cella inferio re di precarica

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3795113A true US3795113A (en) 1974-03-05

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US00245568A Expired - Lifetime US3795113A (en) 1971-11-08 1972-04-19 Method and apparatus for consolidating soils and improving the base bearing for foundation structures

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3795113A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT354362B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE791060A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2229383B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES408317A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2170382A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1408446A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4060994A (en) * 1975-11-11 1977-12-06 Fondedile S.P.A. Process for providing a foundation pile for alternating compressive and tractive stresses and a pile thus provided
DE3300971A1 (de) * 1983-01-13 1984-07-19 Stump Bohr Gmbh, 8045 Ismaning Verfahren zum herstellen von verfestigten oder verdichteten zonen bzw. loechern im erdreich, sowie vorrichtung zur ausfuehrung des verfahrens
DE3348301C2 (de) * 1983-01-13 1994-11-17 Stump Bohr Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Injektionsstranges von der Erdoberfläche aus zum Verfestigen von Zonen des Erdreiches
US6416250B1 (en) * 1999-10-28 2002-07-09 Battelle Memorial Institute Methods and apparatuses for reagent delivery, reactive barrier formation, and pest control
US6726406B2 (en) 1999-10-28 2004-04-27 Battelle Memorial Institute In situ formation of reactive barriers for pollution control
CN114960615A (zh) * 2022-05-17 2022-08-30 河海大学 一种饱和砂土场地浅层喷射加固装置及施工方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3108492C2 (de) * 1980-03-24 1986-05-28 Výskumný ústav inžinierských stavieb, Preßburg/Bratislava Verfahren und Anordnung zur Probebelastung von geschütteten Bohrpfählen
DE3543059A1 (de) * 1984-12-07 1986-08-07 Gkn Keller Gmbh, 6050 Offenbach Verfahren zum verfestigen von bodenabschnitten
EP0257382B1 (de) * 1986-08-20 1991-05-22 Hermann Claus Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von Bodenmaterial

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3099911A (en) * 1958-10-08 1963-08-06 Lee A Turzillo Means of grouting or concreting
US3269126A (en) * 1963-10-07 1966-08-30 Jr Thomas R Freeman Methods for stabilizing and raising foundation structures
US3345824A (en) * 1964-05-06 1967-10-10 Lee A Turzillo Method and means for bracing or bolstering subaqueous structures

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3099911A (en) * 1958-10-08 1963-08-06 Lee A Turzillo Means of grouting or concreting
US3269126A (en) * 1963-10-07 1966-08-30 Jr Thomas R Freeman Methods for stabilizing and raising foundation structures
US3345824A (en) * 1964-05-06 1967-10-10 Lee A Turzillo Method and means for bracing or bolstering subaqueous structures

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4060994A (en) * 1975-11-11 1977-12-06 Fondedile S.P.A. Process for providing a foundation pile for alternating compressive and tractive stresses and a pile thus provided
DE3300971A1 (de) * 1983-01-13 1984-07-19 Stump Bohr Gmbh, 8045 Ismaning Verfahren zum herstellen von verfestigten oder verdichteten zonen bzw. loechern im erdreich, sowie vorrichtung zur ausfuehrung des verfahrens
DE3348301C2 (de) * 1983-01-13 1994-11-17 Stump Bohr Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Injektionsstranges von der Erdoberfläche aus zum Verfestigen von Zonen des Erdreiches
US6416250B1 (en) * 1999-10-28 2002-07-09 Battelle Memorial Institute Methods and apparatuses for reagent delivery, reactive barrier formation, and pest control
US6726406B2 (en) 1999-10-28 2004-04-27 Battelle Memorial Institute In situ formation of reactive barriers for pollution control
CN114960615A (zh) * 2022-05-17 2022-08-30 河海大学 一种饱和砂土场地浅层喷射加固装置及施工方法
CN114960615B (zh) * 2022-05-17 2023-01-31 河海大学 一种饱和砂土场地浅层喷射加固装置及施工方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1408446A (en) 1975-10-01
AT354362B (de) 1979-12-27
DE2229383B2 (de) 1978-11-16
DE2229383A1 (de) 1973-05-17
FR2170382A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-14
BE791060A (fr) 1973-03-01
DE2229383C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-07-12
ATA921972A (de) 1979-05-15
ES408317A1 (es) 1975-11-01

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