US3783625A - Lining system for tunnels and like passages - Google Patents

Lining system for tunnels and like passages Download PDF

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Publication number
US3783625A
US3783625A US00228855A US3783625DA US3783625A US 3783625 A US3783625 A US 3783625A US 00228855 A US00228855 A US 00228855A US 3783625D A US3783625D A US 3783625DA US 3783625 A US3783625 A US 3783625A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
segments
passage
flanges
lining system
bead
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00228855A
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English (en)
Inventor
F Gantke
W Zywietz
R Seiz
H Eickhoff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fried Krupp AG Hoesch Krupp
EISENHUTTE HEINTZMANN AND CO
Original Assignee
Hoesch AG
EISENHUTTE HEINTZMANN AND CO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19712109354 external-priority patent/DE2109354C/de
Application filed by Hoesch AG, EISENHUTTE HEINTZMANN AND CO filed Critical Hoesch AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3783625A publication Critical patent/US3783625A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
    • E21D11/20—Special cross- sections, e.g. corrugated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members

Definitions

  • the flanges has one face which is directed outwardly of the passage and provided with a recess extending longitudinally thereof and the other flange has another face directed inwardly of the passageand provided with a bead which also'extends in longitudinal direc- -'tion of the passage, with the bead of one segment a being received in the recess of a circumferentially adjacent segment so that the flanges of the two segments overlap one another.
  • These flanges are connected and sealing means may be provided at the joints between the flanges.
  • the present invention relates generally to a lining system for tunnels and like passages, and more particularly to a lining system for watertight lining of underground passages such as tunnels, shafts and the like.
  • these lining units are composed of a plurality of arcuate segments which are identical in configuration and which are rolled or formed of sheet steel in a profiled configuration.
  • the prior art proposes, in its various suggestions, to construct the two flanges on each of the segments differently from' one another, hooking one flange of one segment to a flange of an adjacent segment, and providing sealing means between the flanges.
  • the segments which follow oneanother in longitudinal direction of the passage are to be coupled, at least in the region of junction of circumferentially adjacent segments, by means of fishplates or the like, and the connection is to be such that sufficient play is permitted the individual segments so that the possiblity of angularly inclining consecutive ones of the lining units with reference to one another in curved portions of the passage remains, but without danger of the entry of water from the exterior.
  • Another proposal suggests that wherever consecutive ones of the lining units are so inclined with reference to one another that a wedge-shaped gap exists due to a curvature of the passage which they line, they are not to be directly connected with one another but instead a frame or insert or wedgeshaped cross-section is to be inserted into the gap, with suitable sealing means being interposed.
  • An alternative to this proposal is to construct the insert of U-shaped channel-like configuration and to have the arms of the U overlap and be connected to flanges of consecutive ones of the lining units, thus bridging a gap between them.
  • Still a further object of the invention is to provide such a lining system which may be used in passages which are curved in their entirety or partially, and where even significant gaps between consecutive arcuate lining units canbe properly bridged, while maintaining the lining system tight against theentry of water.
  • a lining system'for tunnels and like passages which, briefly stated, comprises a plurality of arcuate lining units adapted to be arrayed in longitudinal direction of the passage, each of these units being composed of at least two arcuate segments of profiled outwardly opened cross-section and having a pair of flanges which extend substantially parallel in the longitudinal direction.
  • One of these flanges has a face directed outwardly of the passage and provided with a recess extending in longitudinal direction of the latter and the other flange has another face directed inwardly of the passage and provided with a bead which also extends longitudinally of the passage, with the bead of onesegment being received in the recessof a circumferentially adjacent'segment.
  • Connecting means connect circumferentially and longitudinally adjacent ones of the segments together.
  • the configuration of the flanges is also such that sufficient overlap exists and that they are guided with reference to one another, but yet permits sufficient play to enable accommodation of the segments to given circumstances.
  • FIG. 1 is an axial view into a passage provided with a lining system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary longitudinal section through FIG. 1, on an enlarged scale
  • FIG. 3 is a section taken on line IIIIII of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating end portions of the segments of the lining system.
  • FIG. 5 is a horizontal section on an enlarged scale through the junction between two lining units which are arrayed longitudinally of the passage.
  • FIG. 1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Discussing the drawing in detail and firstly the embodiment in FIG. 1, it will be seen that this illustrates the utilization of a lining system according to the present invention in an underground tunnel, for instance, a tunnel for mining purposes, for a subway or the like.
  • an underground tunnel for instance, a tunnel for mining purposes, for a subway or the like.
  • this is only exemplary.
  • the lining system is composed of a plurality of arcuate lining units 1 which are arrayed longitudinally of the passage and which are each composed of four circumferentially adjacent profiled segments 3 which are connected with one another at their longitudinal joints 2.
  • the floor of the passage is provided by a concrete casting 4 which is cast into the lower portion of the lining system.
  • Reference numeral 5 designates the rock or soil matrix surrounding the lining system and reference numeral 6 identifies concrete which is cast into the space between the lining system and the rock or soil 5.
  • the profile is also thickened by being reinforced, and this arrangement has static advantages as well as the advantage that the concrete 10 which fills the outwardly open hollow recess of the segment 3 that is, outwardly towards the matrix material 5 will adhere better without requiring special anchoring instrumentalities.
  • the juncture between the side walls and the transverse wall 9 is'also reinforced by provision of a flatter internal radius than elswhere so that it is possible to bend the profiles with smaller radii without causing kinks or other deformations in the wall 9.
  • the flanges 7 and 8 of each segment 3 are constructed differently.
  • the flange 7 has an end portion 7a which extends approximately over half the length of the flange as seen in longitudinal direction thereof, and the flange 8 is similarly provided with a recess 8a which also extends over approximately half its length.
  • the depth of the recess corresponds approximately to the thickness of the portion or bead 7a, and segments 3 which are consecutive in the direction of elongation of the passage, identified with reference character xin FIG. 2, overlap with their flanges 7 and 8, that is the bead 7a of one flange is received in the recess 8a, of the flange of an adjacent segment, so that they overlap one another to a significant extent.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates that segments 3 which are adjacent one another in the direction x can bridge even wedgeshaped gaps which result from the fact that the passage is not entirely straight but may be curved.
  • gaps identified in FIG. 5 with reference numeral 1]
  • the adjacent segments 3 When, during the installation of the lining system according to the present invention, the adjacent segments 3 have assumed their final position with reference to one another after the cast concrete 6 has hardened, the overlapping end portions having the bead 7a and the recess 8a of the flanges 7 and 8, are additionally and finally connected with one another by means of a weld which, at the same time provides a fluid-tight seal.
  • the welding seam forming the weld 13 is located at the side which faces inwardly of the passage, between the edge of the recess 8a and the inner surface of the bead 7a of the adjacent flange 7 with the bead 7a overlapping the cooperating flange 8 and is received in the recess 8a thereof at a side which is the outer side with respect to the surrounding matrix material 5.
  • this welding together could be carried out before the concrete is finally hardened, but it is advantageous to wait until the hardening has taken place to prevent later shifting of the segments relative to one another.
  • the sealing strands l2 serve only a temporary sealing purpose until the welding is carried through but it is conceivable that welding might not be carried out in which case the sealing strands 12 would be relied upon to perform a permanent sealing function.
  • FIG. 5 it is shown that two adjacent segments 3 are connected by welding along the welding seam 13 in the region of the gap 11, forming of them a single installation unit so that they define with one another an angle alfa before they are even installed.
  • This facilitates handling and installation, and means that the precise orientation of the segments 3 relative to one another and their connection by weldingat the desired angle, can be carried out before they are installed and need not be carried out in situ.
  • FIG. 4 shows particularly clearly that the segments 3 which are adjacent in circumferential direction are provided at their ends with welded-on portions of profiled material, for instance steel, by means of which they are supported by abutment in the region of their longitudinal junctures 2, and a non-illustrated sealing member may be interposed between these portions 14 which can subsequently be welded with one another.
  • the portions 14 in the illustrated embodiment are of fourcornered cross section with the length of each side corresponding to approximately half the depth of the profile of the segments 3 so that they overlie at least the flange sided half of the profiled depth. The other half closer to the wall 9 of the respective segment 3 is covered at the circumferential ends of the segments 3 by a welded on steel plate 15.
  • The'portions 14 which follow one another in the direction x are tapered at 16 and 16a approximately in correspondence with the different configuration of the flanges, and are also welded to one another.
  • each of the segments 3 are provided on the inner side facing the interior of the passage with three pressure members 17 which are arranged in parallelism with the longitudinal axis of the passage, with members 17 which follow one another in the direction x being abutted at their ends in order to provide for direct stress transmission. They are so arranged, as particularly shown in FIG. 1, that they are spaced equiangularly about the respective lining units 1.
  • the members 17 are provided in particular in order to afford the resistance to pressure orginating from a non-illustrated tunneling machine which tunnels into the matrix material 5 and exerts pressures on the order of approximately 300 tons.
  • the purpose of the member 17 is to provide for support against which the tunneling machine can press and to transmit the stresses orginating from the machine to a sufficiently large number of successive units 1 during such time as the cast concrete 6 has not yet sufficiently hardenened to withstand such forces.
  • the respectively leading in the direction of which the tunnel is to be driven into the matrix material 5 units 1 are provided at their members 17 with a releasable pressure shoe 18.
  • the members 17 can be very simply welded to the walls 9 of the segments 3.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show that the members 17 are of substantially quadratic steel profiles and are provided with welded connecting means in form of forked portions 19, whereas the segments 3 are provided with welded portions which are straddled by the portions 19, with the interengaging portions 19 and 20 each being provided with one opening in which a withdrawable wedging member 21 is receivable.
  • Connecting members 22 are provided which connect the members 17 at their abutting end faces in releasable relationship with one half of the members 22 being welded at one end with an enlargement 22a for better centering and guidance of the ends of the members 17 which are to be connected. After the member 22 is tightened the enlargement 22A can be filled by a member 23 in order to provide for proper centering of the adjacent ends of the members 17.
  • a lining system for tunnels and like passages comprising a plurality of arcuate lining units adapted to be arrayed in longitudinal direction of a passage, each of said units including at least two arcuate segments of profiled cross-section openingin a direction outwardly of said passage, and each of said segments having a pair of flanges which extend substantially parallel in circumferential direction of the respective unit, one of said flanges having an outwardly directed face provided with an inward recess extending in said circumferential direction and bounded in part by a substantially radial shoulder having an outer fuse, and the other of said flanges having an inwardly directed face provided with.
  • a bead also extending in said circumferential direction and having a substantially radial free edge face, the bead of one segment and the recess of a longitudinally adjacent segment overlying each other, and said free edge face of said bead and said outer face of said shoulder defining with one another an annular circumferential gap spacing said bead and said shoulder in axial direction; elastically yieldable sealing material lodged in at least some of said gaps for fluid-tightly sealing the junctions between the corresponding longitudinally adjacent segments, said sealing material being provided prior to connection of the corresponding longitudinally adjacent segments so that such segments may undergo relative movements in order to conform to the contours of said passage without loss of the fluid-tightness of said junctions; and connecting means connecting circumferentially and longitudinally adjacent ones of said segments together.
  • each of said segments also has an arcuate wall connecting said flanges, and wherein the combined mass of said flanges is greater than the mass of said arcuate wall.
  • a lining system as defined in claim 1 wherein at least two consecutive segments which are arrayed longitudinally of said passage, are welded together and form a unit prior to assembly of said lining system.
  • a lining system as defined in claim 8 said supporting portions being at least in part of four-cornered cross section having a thickness corresponding to substantially half the depth of the profile of the respective segments and extending in said longitudinal direction.
  • each of said units being composed of at least two arcuate segments of substantially hat-shaped profiled cross-section opening in a direction outwardly of said passage, and each of said segments having a pair of flanges which extend substantially parallel in circumferential direction of the respective unit, one of said flanges having an outwardly directed face provided with a recess extending in said circumferential direction, and the other of said flanges having an inwardly directed face provided with a bead extending in said circumferential direction, the head of one segment being received in the recess of a longitudinally adjacent segment and defining with one another an interior hollow of substantially wedge-shaped configuration extending longitudinally of said passage, said segments being welded together along a welded seam extending between and along said bead of said one segment and said recess of said longitudinally adjacent segment at a side facing inwardly of said passage to thereby seal the junction between longitudinally adjacent

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
US00228855A 1971-02-27 1972-02-24 Lining system for tunnels and like passages Expired - Lifetime US3783625A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712109354 DE2109354C (de) 1971-02-27 Bogen oder Ringausbau fur die wasser dichte Auskleidung von unterirdischen Strek ken, Tunneln, Stollen, Schachten od dgl

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US3783625A true US3783625A (en) 1974-01-08

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US (1) US3783625A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS501312B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT329620B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE779649A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA952328A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH545384A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK132192C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2126369B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1375662A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7200416A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
PL (1) PL77478B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4730427A (en) * 1985-05-28 1988-03-15 Compagnie Francois D'entreprises Cfe S.A. Shuttering and shoring wall
US5470178A (en) * 1994-02-17 1995-11-28 Weholt; Raymond L. Insulating tunnel liner system
CN101725361B (zh) * 2009-11-11 2013-02-13 浙江中隧桥波形钢腹板有限公司 波形钢腹板钢筋混凝土隧道及地下结构单元
CN115142876A (zh) * 2022-06-23 2022-10-04 广西大学 基于多道防御机制的盾构隧道抗纵向变形接头

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2218436B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-02-19 1978-01-06 Pont A Mousson
GB1462711A (en) * 1973-02-19 1977-01-26 Pont A Mousson Method for constructing a lining
FR2523627A1 (fr) * 1982-03-22 1983-09-23 Campenon Bernard Procede pour conforter des arches ou des constructions analogues
GB2187225A (en) * 1986-03-01 1987-09-03 Hilton Underground roadway arch sections
JPH0360237U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1989-10-18 1991-06-13

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2001315A (en) * 1932-02-13 1935-05-14 Commercial Shearing Conduit
US2042327A (en) * 1935-01-18 1936-05-26 Anthony C Fischer Tunnel liner
DE1078069B (de) * 1953-02-28 1960-03-24 Hans Joachim Moeller Vorpfaendvorrichtung
DE1147551B (de) * 1960-03-28 1963-04-25 Heinrich Schaefer Befestigungselement fuer druck- und zugfeste Verbolzung
CH451991A (de) * 1967-05-08 1968-05-15 Rudolf Dipl Ing Stuessi Sekundärgewölbe in einem Tunnel
NL6805338A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1967-04-26 1968-10-28
US3438211A (en) * 1966-04-02 1969-04-15 Hoesch Ag Lining structure for subterranean passages

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2001315A (en) * 1932-02-13 1935-05-14 Commercial Shearing Conduit
US2042327A (en) * 1935-01-18 1936-05-26 Anthony C Fischer Tunnel liner
DE1078069B (de) * 1953-02-28 1960-03-24 Hans Joachim Moeller Vorpfaendvorrichtung
DE1147551B (de) * 1960-03-28 1963-04-25 Heinrich Schaefer Befestigungselement fuer druck- und zugfeste Verbolzung
US3438211A (en) * 1966-04-02 1969-04-15 Hoesch Ag Lining structure for subterranean passages
NL6805338A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1967-04-26 1968-10-28
CH451991A (de) * 1967-05-08 1968-05-15 Rudolf Dipl Ing Stuessi Sekundärgewölbe in einem Tunnel

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4730427A (en) * 1985-05-28 1988-03-15 Compagnie Francois D'entreprises Cfe S.A. Shuttering and shoring wall
US5470178A (en) * 1994-02-17 1995-11-28 Weholt; Raymond L. Insulating tunnel liner system
CN101725361B (zh) * 2009-11-11 2013-02-13 浙江中隧桥波形钢腹板有限公司 波形钢腹板钢筋混凝土隧道及地下结构单元
CN115142876A (zh) * 2022-06-23 2022-10-04 广西大学 基于多道防御机制的盾构隧道抗纵向变形接头

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7200416A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-08-29
DK132192C (da) 1976-04-05
FR2126369B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-02-14
CA952328A (en) 1974-08-06
FR2126369A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-10-06
DE2109354A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-09-07
AT329620B (de) 1976-05-25
JPS501312B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-17
DK132192B (da) 1975-11-03
BE779649A (fr) 1972-08-22
ATA2572A (de) 1975-08-15
GB1375662A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-11-27
PL77478B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-04-30
CH545384A (de) 1973-12-15

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