US3779691A - Apparatus for burning high viscosity liquid fuels - Google Patents

Apparatus for burning high viscosity liquid fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3779691A
US3779691A US00251872A US25187272A US3779691A US 3779691 A US3779691 A US 3779691A US 00251872 A US00251872 A US 00251872A US 25187272 A US25187272 A US 25187272A US 3779691 A US3779691 A US 3779691A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fuel
spraying
furnace
combustion
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00251872A
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English (en)
Inventor
M Sakata
Y Tomoyasu
Y Kitaoka
N Itami
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co Ltd
PETROCHEMICAL IND Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co Ltd
PETROCHEMICAL IND Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co Ltd, PETROCHEMICAL IND Ltd filed Critical Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co Ltd
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Publication of US3779691A publication Critical patent/US3779691A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/008—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for liquid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2700/00—Special arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluent fuel
    • F23C2700/02—Combustion apparatus using liquid fuel
    • F23C2700/023—Combustion apparatus using liquid fuel without pre-vaporising means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • a device for spraying secondary air in the direction for accelerating the sprayed stream of fuel to sweep the refractory wall within the furnace for effecting complete combustion of any unburned particles deposited therein.
  • the exhaust gases are discharged through a flue into a remote heat exchanger for recovering the heat of combustion prior to passage through the stack.
  • This invention relates to an apparatus for burning highly viscous combustibles such as low co-polymers which are produced on polymerization of olefins in the petrochemical industry.
  • Heavy oil or tar usually used as liquid fuel is vaporized or atomized by means of air or water vapour for burning more easily. Particularly, when burning a large quantity of such fuels, the latter process is generally employed.
  • atomizing fuel there are used various processes such as rotary system, atomization under pressure, and atomization by water vapour or air, and in each process fuel is pre-heated to reduce its viscosity down to an adequate level for atomization (generally l ettha qssiwheaqs asmi wis mba ibles such as lower co-polymer-by-products, however, viscosity adequate for the above-described burners of conventional types cannot be obtained by heating, and when heating excessively, the materials are cracked to gasify or deposit carbon before the viscosity reduces to an adequate level, thus they cannot be transferred by a normal way.
  • the fuels of this type cannot be atomized sufficiently to be completely burned by conventional burners, and accordingly, it is very hard in practice to burn such fuels only due to atomization.
  • flames are hardly maintained by a so-called flamepropagation system wherein combustion velocity balances with spraying velocity.
  • Even if flames can be maintained such as by using flame-maintaining means it takes a long time to burn fuel of large particle size completely in a furnace cavity, thus there is required a very long residence time for assuring to keep the said time, and therefore, a large combustion furnace is necessitated. It is not advantageous in practice.
  • combustion heat is taken away by some external substances from fuel particles during combustion, the combustion temperature is hardly raised up sufficiently, and it results in incomplete combustion and production of carbon residue, which deposits and accumulates on the furnace walls to inhibit continuous combustion.
  • This invention provides an apparatus which can burn large quantities of high viscosity fuels such as lower copolymer-by-products completely and continuously and recover the heat from the fuel gases with boilers and the like.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a combustion apparatus provided with a fuel spraying means which can atomize highly viscous liquid fuel sufficiently.
  • the apparatus of this invention consists of means for spraying high viscosity liquid fuel into a combustion furnace, a combustion furnace for burning the sprayed fuel, and means for recovering the heat from combustion gas in the combustion furnace.
  • the main object of the fuel spraying means is to atomize fuel as fine as possible and spread it homogeneously in a furnace.
  • the shape, number, amount and the location of the spraying means are properly selected depending on the size of the furnace and the amount of the fuel.
  • the fuel is atomized by means of highly compressed air or water vapour when sprayed from the nozzle.
  • Fuel is atomized as much as possible by the said spraying means, and sprayed fuel particles of smaller than a certain particle diameter are expected to be burned in a combustion space.
  • the inside wall of a combustion furnace is all lined with insulating and refractory materials. The temperature of the inside wall surface of the furnace is kept at higher than the ignition temperature and the combustion temperature of fuels: the fuel charged into the furnace is immediately heated up at the combustion temperature by the radiant heat of the wall, and mixed under diffusion with air which is blown into together therewith, the fuel is thus partially burned in primary combustion in a combustion space. The rest of the fuel which has not burned in the combustion space diffuses to deposit on the furnace wall and is further heated by the wall, so that the fuel burns completely in surface combustion.
  • the surface combustion velocity of fuel is determined by a surface temperature and a flow velocity of air passing over the said surface, the higher the temperature is and the larger the flow velocity of the air is, the larger the combustion velocity becomes.
  • air is divided into a primary air and secondary one.
  • the primary air is injected into the furnace from the same place as fuel at high velocity and at a moderate angle with the horizontal plane.
  • the secondary air is injected into the furnace from the opposite wall near the furnace bed in the direction in order to accelerate the gas circulation in the furnace thus combustion gas circulates in the furnace at high velocity.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of this invention:
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A:
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a fuel spraying means
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view showing another embodiment of a fuel spraying means.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 a combustion furnace 1 is completely surrounded by an insulating and refractory wall 2, and a fuel spraying device is provided on a side of the wall downward. On the opposite side of the wall, a secondary air-blowing nozzle 12 is located.
  • FIG. 3 shows the construction of the fuel spraying device 10; in a primary air-blowing tube 9, tubes 17 and 18 are provided concentrically, and fuel is introduced through the central tube 17 and supplied from a nozzle 19 into the furnace. Through the gap between the tubes 17 and 18, highly compressed water vapour or air as a fuelspraying medium is transferred and sprayed from a nozzle 20.
  • the critical pressure in the tube 18 for a highly compressed gas is selected higher than the pressure in the furnace l.
  • the fuel is atomized primarily due to the relative velocity of the fuel sprayed from the nozzle 19 and the spraying medium sprayed from the nozzle 20.
  • the highly compressed gas passing the tube 18 is of preferably highly compressed water vapour for keeping the temperature of the fuel passing through the tube 17.
  • a cold highly compressed air may be supplied for spraying fuel.
  • the highly compressed gas is sprayed from the nozzle 20 in the direction to cross the spraying direction of fuel from the nozzle 19 in order to effectively use the momentum of the highly compressed gas for atomization of fuel.
  • Such atomizers of a highly compressed gas spraying means generally employ an internal mixing method, but when using the internal mixing method for atomization of high viscosity fuel, the spraying nozzle portion is clogged with fuel, and consequently a homogeneous spraying stream cannot be obtained; thus, good atomization cannot be attained.
  • an external mixing method is employed for getting good atomization of fuel, as described above.
  • a part or all of the primary air for combustion is sprayed from a ring-shaped nozzle 16 through a tube 9.
  • the air is injected in the direction across the flow of fuel sprayed primarily from the nozzle 20 by means of the highly compressed gas so as to further atomize it most effectively.
  • the spraying velocity is selected at 70 to 200m/sec., for instance, and the fuel atomized by the highly compressed gas is atomized secondarily by the momentum of the air.
  • Ignition on starting the operation is performed by heating the furnace l by an adequate device.
  • the circulating flow of the furnace gas is accelerated by reciprocal action of the sprayed flows from the tubes 9 and 12, and fuel is completely burned in the furnace cavity and on the surface of the refractory wall.
  • Fuel particles smaller than a predetermined particle diameter are completely burned before they reach the walls 14 and 15 or in the stream 13, while the particles having the larger diameters are spread to attach on the walls 14 and 15, where they are quickly vaporized by the heat of the walls and exposed to a high speed stream to be burned with a very high combustion velosity.
  • the furnace wall is kept at a sufficiently high temperature by the combustion heat of fuel, the fuel attaching on the wall is burned without producing carbon residue. Further, as the temperature in the furnace is kept at very high level, if adequate residence time and an adequate oxygen are given in the furnace, soot and smoke are not produced.
  • the combustion gas passes through a flue 4 and is introduced to a heat exchanger 6, where heat recovering is performed, then exhausted out of a funnel 7.
  • the wall 2 of the combustion furnace 1 should be kept at temperatures at which combustion is performed quickly enough all over the surface, for instance, at l,O00-l,200 C. Therefore, the heat exchanger 6 is completely separated from the furnace 1, only connected with the flue 4 in order that fuel which is not burned completely is entirely prevented from coming in contact with a cold wall surface of the heat exchanger. It is recommended to provide a barrier 3 to prolong the residence time of combustion gas as long as possible in the furnace, so that the inside of the furnace is cooled by the heat radiation to the heat exchanger 6.
  • more than one fuel spraying device is disposed along the longitudinal direction, and in this example three devices are employed.
  • FIG. 4 shows another example of the fuel spraying device.
  • a high viscosity fuel is charged through a tube 21 and sprayed from a ring-shaped nozzle 23 through a tube 22.
  • a highly compressed gas for spraying is injected from a ring-shaped nozzle 25 through a tube 24.
  • high viscosity fuel can be sprayed as a very thin layer, and thus, a comparatively large quantity of fuel can be well atomized by one spraying device.
  • the primary air of low pressure is injected from a nozzle 28 through tubes 26 and 27, similar in the example of FIG. 3, and atomization is satisfactorily performed by reciprocal action together with the gas of high pressure sprayed from the nozzle 25.
  • An apparatus for burning high viscosity liquid fuels characterized by a horizontally-elongated furnace having a combustion space defined by an insulating refractory wall capable of being heated above the ignition and combustion temperature of the fuel, and being provided with fuel-spraying devices disposed in a wall along the longitudinal direction of the furnace, each of said devices having a fuel-spraying nozzle and a primary-air nozzle provided near the said fuelspraying nozzle and spraying a flow of primary air in the direction across the spraying direction of said fuelspraying nozzle, the fuel-spraying device being located so as to spray a stream of fuel and primary air toward the bottom of the furnace, and further provided with secondary air spraying devices disposed in a wall opposite said fuel spraying devices, and a flue at the longitudinal end of the furnace, the secondary air spraying devices spraying a flow of secondary air in the direction for accelerating the sprayed stream of the fuel and primary air, said spraying devices being arranged for circulating the stream of fuel along the refractory wall with

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
US00251872A 1970-05-08 1972-05-10 Apparatus for burning high viscosity liquid fuels Expired - Lifetime US3779691A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3944970A JPS5550241B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-05-08 1970-05-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3779691A true US3779691A (en) 1973-12-18

Family

ID=12553324

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00251872A Expired - Lifetime US3779691A (en) 1970-05-08 1972-05-10 Apparatus for burning high viscosity liquid fuels

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3779691A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5550241B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH513363A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2040827C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2059054A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1322374A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
HU (1) HU167806B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL159179B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
PL (1) PL76696B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE364353B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008109482A3 (en) * 2007-03-02 2008-12-11 Air Prod & Chem Method and apparatus for oxy-fuel combustion

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2611671C2 (de) * 1976-03-19 1984-09-20 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt Verfahren zur gemeinsamen Verbrennung von Abgasen und flüssigen Rückständen
EP0042891A1 (en) * 1980-06-30 1982-01-06 Kilmaurs Engineering Company Limited Waste oil burner
DE3314675A1 (de) * 1983-04-22 1984-10-25 Deutsche Babcock Werke AG, 4200 Oberhausen Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zuenden von brennstoffen
RU2161719C2 (ru) * 1999-02-23 2001-01-10 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие Конструкторское бюро химавтоматики Соосно-струйная форсунка
EP1298389B8 (en) * 2000-07-05 2011-11-02 Open Stock Company "Chemical Automatic Design Bureau" Coaxial spray nozzle injector
CN111852710B (zh) * 2020-07-29 2021-07-23 无锡工艺职业技术学院 一种发动机燃油雾化喷嘴

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US620752A (en) * 1899-03-07 Feldt
US1739594A (en) * 1924-02-13 1929-12-17 Combustion Eng Corp Furnace protection
US2062749A (en) * 1933-07-03 1936-12-01 Railway Utility Company Burner control apparatus
US2471101A (en) * 1945-03-31 1949-05-24 Charles E Feinberg Secondary combustion air distribution control for bridge wall furnaces
US2591188A (en) * 1946-11-25 1952-04-01 Nilsson Nils Enok Apparatus for recovering the inorganic content of concentrated waste liquor
US3179150A (en) * 1962-04-30 1965-04-20 Gerald D Arnold Furnace
US3237677A (en) * 1964-03-23 1966-03-01 Alcorn Comb Co Heater and process suitable for lean gaseous fuels

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR507935A (fr) * 1919-12-29 1920-09-27 Henri Albinet Foyer industriel permettant l'emploi à volonté de combustible solide ou de combustible liquide
CH87017A (de) * 1920-02-09 1921-04-01 Schweizerische Lokomotiv Olfeuerung bei Schachtöfen zum Schmelzen von Metall.
GB199065A (en) * 1922-02-13 1923-06-13 John Jonathan Kermode Improvements relating to furnaces, specially applicable to the furnaces of steam generators
DE1038698B (de) * 1953-05-28 1958-09-11 Iaofuia Ofenbau Union Ges Mit Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Erzielung eines vertikalen Temperaturausgleichs in Tiefoefen
DE1015171B (de) * 1954-07-14 1957-09-05 Basf Ag Schweroelbrenner
DE1526105B2 (de) * 1965-05-15 1972-11-30 L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach Brennerkammer zur verbrennung von abfallfluessigkeit

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US620752A (en) * 1899-03-07 Feldt
US1739594A (en) * 1924-02-13 1929-12-17 Combustion Eng Corp Furnace protection
US2062749A (en) * 1933-07-03 1936-12-01 Railway Utility Company Burner control apparatus
US2471101A (en) * 1945-03-31 1949-05-24 Charles E Feinberg Secondary combustion air distribution control for bridge wall furnaces
US2591188A (en) * 1946-11-25 1952-04-01 Nilsson Nils Enok Apparatus for recovering the inorganic content of concentrated waste liquor
US3179150A (en) * 1962-04-30 1965-04-20 Gerald D Arnold Furnace
US3237677A (en) * 1964-03-23 1966-03-01 Alcorn Comb Co Heater and process suitable for lean gaseous fuels

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008109482A3 (en) * 2007-03-02 2008-12-11 Air Prod & Chem Method and apparatus for oxy-fuel combustion
US20100086886A1 (en) * 2007-03-02 2010-04-08 Johnson Leighta M Method and apparatus for oxy-fuel combustion
US8845323B2 (en) * 2007-03-02 2014-09-30 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method and apparatus for oxy-fuel combustion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2059054A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-05-28
DE2040827C2 (de) 1982-05-13
PL76696B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-02-28
SE364353B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-18
NL7013809A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-11-10
DE2040827A1 (de) 1971-11-25
HU167806B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-12-25
NL159179B (nl) 1979-01-15
JPS5550241B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-12-17
GB1322374A (en) 1973-07-04
CH513363A (de) 1971-09-30

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