US2471101A

US2471101A - Secondary combustion air distribution control for bridge wall furnaces

Info

Publication number: US2471101A
Application number: US585974A
Authority: US
Inventors: Charles E Feinberg
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1945-03-31
Filing date: 1945-03-31
Publication date: 1949-05-24
Anticipated expiration: 1966-05-24

Description

May 24, 1949.

Filed March 31, 19

C. E. FEINBERG SECONDARY COMBUSTION AIR DISTRIBUTION CONTROL FOR BRIDGE WALL FURNACES 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 R. I awn/r465 a. Fe/mama May 24, 1949. c. E. FEINBERG ,1

.SECONDARY COMBUSTION AIR DISTRIBUTION CONTROL FOR BRIDGE WALL FURNACES Filed March 51, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VEN TOR.

firm/valet (l/mac's 6. FE/IYBERG. v

Patented May 24, 1949 UNITED STATES SECONDARY COMBUSTION AIR DISTRIBU- TION CONTROL FOR BRIDGE WALL FUR- NACES 11 Claims. 1

This invention relates to a novel furnace construction with the provision of a secondary air duct for conducting additional air to or in approximation with the points of combustion adjacent or near the furnace bridge-wall. This is accomplished by the provision of first stage air ports in the furnace deck, second stage air ports at the base of said bridge-wall, and third stage air ports in the bridge-wall, all in communication with said secondary air duct under the furnace deck.

The description following will be limited to the operation of an oil burner, with its flame directed toward the furnace bridge-wall; however, it will be understood that the invention hereinafter described is equally applicable to other types of fuel, such as gas or coal, etc.

The invention also relates to a plurality of air control means for regulating and governing said additional air supply.

After the combustibles have passed the initial source of air supply, additional air is provided where required to produce complete combustion throughout higher firing ranges. By this method it is unnecessary to admit large quantities of excess air at any one point to provide against a lack of oxygen at any remote point in the process of combustion. This excess air results in a decrease in carbon-dioxide percentage or a decrease in the thermal efficiency of the furnace.

Heretofore with a provision of a primary air inlet at the burner opening, and with secondary air inlets in the furnace deck, the burning efficiency has been improved. However, large carbon deposits have been frequently found upon the bridge-wall. By the provision of the secondary air duct and second and third stage air ports in the bridge-wall this carbon deposit has been entirely eliminated.

It is the object of this invention to thereby oba tain a maximum efficiency at various firing ratings by supplying additional air at various points in the furnace in proximity to the points of combustion.

It is the further object of this invention to provide angularly inclined air inlet openings in the furnace deck for directing air towards the points of combustion.

The invention therefore relates to the various Fig. 2 is a plan sectional view of the same on lines 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an elevational section on line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an elevational View of the multi-blade air-gate to be located in the secondary air duct.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary side-elevational View thereof.

It will be understood that the above drawings are not by way of limitation but are merely preferably embodiments of the invention, for a better understanding of which reference should now be had to the detailed specification hereunder.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 shows a furnace having I a front refractory wall H, a bridge-wall l2, and

a furnace deck l3, having therein a plurality of anguiarly inclined first stage air inlet ports or openings it within the refractory.

Additional second stage air ports l5 are disposed at the base of bridge-wall l2. It will be understood that air ports [5 may be angularly disposed within deck is for tangentially directing the air stream towards the points of combustion. Also a plurality of angularl disposed third stage air ports it are provisioned at the upper portion of the bridge-Wall within the refractory tile illustrated in Figs. 1-3 to provide additional air in approximation with the points of combustion within the furnace. These ports are inclined so that the flame cannot enter the same under normal conditions.

The furnace has a sub-base beneath the deck I3 providing therebetween a secondary air duct H for conducting and pre-heating air to the deck openings l4 and also to the openings 15 at the base of the bridge-wall. The bridge-wall air ducts i8 are provided adjacent bridge-wall l2 in communication with air duct l'l providing air communication to the bridge-wall air outlets I6.

Said bridge-wall air ducts l8 are bounded by the refractory wall 18, with an insulating wall IS on the exterior thereof, consisting preferably of 85% magnesia block.

It has been found that in the case of an improperly adjusted burner when the air gates 22 are closed in duct I! that higher temperature areas develop in the vicinity of the bridge-wall air ports IE on the outside of the furnace casing. To prevent this possibility adequate refractory H3 is disposed on the outside of ducts IS, with an insulating wall l8" on the outside thereof between said refractory l8 and the exterior furnace casing.

This proves that with a poor adjustment, the flame in seeking additional air enters the open- 3 ings I6 leading to the bridge-wall ducts l8. It is therefore the purpose herein to provide for the actual air requirements at the higher firing ratings by means of these ducts l8 and angularly disposed air ports I6.

It is to be understood that openings I6 would actually be a detriment at low firing range, by permitting excess'air lower than the furnace temperature to-be admitted on the fire, consequently reducing the furnace temperature in that area and retarding combustion to the point that soot and carbon are formed.

Therefore the air gates 22-, hereinafter described, are provided within the secondary air duct :7 for controlling the air supply and distribution in accordance with the firing rate, so thatat low firing both air openings and L6 are closed; and at intermediate firing air ducts [8 are closed.

Air gates as hereinafter described are provided within duct I! for regulating communication between duct i? and ducts l8 and between duct I'l and air inlets l5.

An oil burner is indicated at l9 disposed through opening. 26 within the front wall ll whereby a flame is thrown or directed toward bridge-wall l2, whence heat is conducted up to a suitable boiler generally indicated fragmentarily at 2|.

Fig. 1 illustrates the refractory tile employed within the bridge-wall I 2 at the points where the a-ngul'arly disposed openings it are required as shown in the drawings. It is possible that such ports be vertically disposed. at right angles to the flame and placed in the corbelling provided in the bridge-wall near or atthe top thereof.

The air gate 22 abovementioned in. connection with Fig. l is shown in elevation in Fig. 4,. consisting of an upper gate or blade 23 and a lower gate 24', both pivoted: along their inner adjacent. edges, ire. fixedly mounted upon the

pivotal shafts

25 and 26 respectively to rotate therewith, but.

terior to the furnace at point 33, and its

ends

34 and 35 are respectively joined to the

ends

36 and 3! of. levers 30 and 3f through the intermediate reach-

rods

38 and 39.

Upper gate 23 is so mounted within its housin 29 as to open when released, by the force of gravity. On the other hand lower gate 24 is mounted so as to close, when released, by the force of gravity.

Beam-lever 32 is pivotally mounted at- 33 to the rotatable lever 46 which is itself securely mounted at its end to the exteriorly power actuated rotatable shaft M. Thus it is seen on rotation of shaft 4! and lever 40 that a displacement is given to beam-lever 32' as shown in the dotted line position 32 or to any other intermediate position.

In the intermediate position of beam-lever 32, the latter is angularly inclined and through the reach-rod 38 releases gate 23, permitting the same to open by the force of gravity. As beam lever 32 begins to assume the vertical position 32', the lower gate 24 is gradually forced open by the intercomiecting reach-rod 39. By the above mechanism it is seen that upon regulating the angular position of lever 40, the upper gate 23 is first opened, progressively as the firing rate is increased from the low stage, until such point at which upper gate 23 comes to rest at the full open position, permitting air'in duct IT to enter the fire chamber through the openings l5. Thereafter on further movement of lever 40 the lower gate 24 is opened permitting air from duct IT to communicate with ducts l8 and bridgewall air opening it.

The positioning of lever GB is automatically determined according to the particular firing rate required at the moment. Shaft 4| powering lever 40 remains at rest until such times as the air required for combustion exceeds the available supply through air ports M, at the existing furnace pressure.

After. that point had been reached lever 40 is angularly positioned progressively rotating toward air gate. as additional air is required for the higher firing rates to: meet higher firing conditions.

Since lower gate 24. remains at rest through the forces of gravity; and since upper air gate 23- has a tendency to open through the same forces, beam-lever 32 rotates around point 33 in.

a counter-clockwise direction as in Fig. 4, releasing lever 30 through reach-rod 38- permitting air gate 23' toopen progressively providing additional through furnace intake openings l5. Inasmuch as a: greater force is required toopen gate 2 3 through reach rod 39, beam-lever 32: rotates counter-clockwise until the firing. rate has reached. the point where theair supply through the deck air ports I4= and the air ports 15 at the base of the bridge-wall are inadequate to supply combustion air gate 25- remains closed through the forces of gravity, and in accordance withv the position of beam-lever 4-0. For firing. rates beyond that point lever 4!! assumes a more angular positionby its rotation with shaft 4|. externally powered and controlled; and since theupper air gate 23 has cometo rest, beam-lever 3-2 begins to rotate: in the opposite direction i. e. clockwise in Fig. 5,. thereby exerting force onlever 3| which inturn progressively opens the lower air gate 24 according tothe combustion requirements.

For decreasing fire demands, the above gates. 23 and 24 therefore progressively close inthe reverse order as lever 40 is rotated towards its initial position through operation of shaft 41. Thus beam lever 32 again assumes an angular position rotating counter-clockwise and the lower gate 24 is released through reach-rod 39,. and closes by gravitational force. On further movement of lever 40 and lever 32, after gate 24 is closed, the upper gate is gradually pulled back.- into closed position through the operation. of. reach-rod 38, lever 30 and shaft 25, which lever 32 now rotating clockwise.

Operation or rotation of. shaft. M onv which is joined lever 40. is regulatedv by any suitable. con-.- trolling means, to obtain the desired combustion conditions required to meet prevailing. steam demands. For the purpose of thermostatically. controlling said gates, a thermostat 42, of ordinary construction, is illustrated generally and diagrammatically as a part of Fig. 4. Rotatable shaft M isactuated in either direction by motor 43, the latter having asuitable control switch 44 joined to said thermostat *2 by wire 45.

Having described my invention reference should now be had to the claims which follow for determining the scope thereof.

I claim:

1. In a furnace having a deck and a bridgewall defining a fire chamber, and having communicating air ducts beneath said deck and on the outside of said bridge-wall, with a plurality of air inlets in said deck adjacent said bridge- Wall, and in said bridge-wall near the top of said chamber, a pivotal upper air gate in said deck duct controlling communication to said deck inlets adapted to open by gravity on being released, a pivotal lower air gate in said deck duct controlling communication to said bridge-wall duct, operating means interconnecting said air gates for progressively releasing the upper gate and for opening the lower gate after the upper gate is opened, said operating means being joined to said upper gate normally maintaining the same closed and adapted upon movement for releasing said upper gate, whereby the air supply to said fire chamber is progressively increased.

2. In a furnace having a deck and a bridgewall defining a fire chamber, and having an air duct beneath said deck and a plurality of air ducts on the outside of said bridge-wall communicating with said deck duct, with a plurality of air inlets in said deck adjacent said bridgewall and in said bridge-wall near the top of said chamber, a pivotally mounted upper air gate transversely disposed within said deck duct controlling communication to said deck inlets, and an oppositely disposed pivotally mounted lower air gate within said deck duct controlling communication to said bridge-Wall ducts and. adapted to close by gravity on being released, and operating means interconnecting said gates for progressively releasing the lower gate permitting closing thereof, and for closing the upper gate after the lower gate is closed, said operating means being joined to said lower gate normally maintaining the same open and adapted upon movement for releasing said lower gate.

3. In a furnace having a deck and a bridge-wall defining a fire chamber, and having communicating air ducts beneath said deck and on the outside of said bridge-wall with a plurality of air inlets in said deck adjacent said bridge-wall and in said bridge-wall near the top of said chamber, a pivotal upper air gate in said deck duct controlling communication to said deck inlets, a pivotal lower air gate in said deck duct controlling communication to said bridge-wall duct, and operating means interconnecting said gates to progressively open the upper gate and then the lower gate.

4. In a furnace having a deck and a bridge-wall defining a fire chamber, and having communicating air ducts beneath said deck and on the outside of said bridge-wall, with a plurality of air inlets in said deck adjacent said bridge-Wall, and in said bridge-wall near the top of said chamber, a pivotal upper air gate in said deck duct controlling communication to said deck inlets, a pivotal lower air gate in said deck duct controlling communication to said bridge-wall duct, adapted to close by gravity on being released, and operating means interconnecting said gates for progressively releasing the lower gate permitting closing thereof, and for closing the upper gate after the lower gate is closed, said operating means being joined to said lower gate normally maintaining the same open and adapted upon movement for releasing said lower gate.

5. In a furnace having a deck and a bridge-- wall defining a fire chamber, and having communicating air ducts beneath said deck and on the outside of said bridge-Wall, with a plurality 1 of air inlets in said deck adjacent said bridgepivotally mounted upper air gate transversely disposed within said deck duct controlling communication to said deck inlets, an oppositely disposed pivotally mounted lower air gate within said deck duct controlling communication to said bridge-wall duct, and operating means intercom necting said air gates to progressively open the upper gate and then the lower gate.

6. In a furnace having a deck and a bridge-wall defining a fire chamber, and having communicating air ducts beneath said deck and on the outside of said bridge-wall, with a plurality of air inlets in said deck and in said bridgewall, a pivotally mounted upper air gate transversely disposed Within said deck duct controlling communication to said deck inlets, and oppositely disposed pivotally mounted lower air gate within said deck duct controlling communication to said bridge-wall duct, one of said gates being adapted to open by gravity on being released, and operat-' ing means interconnecting said air gates for releasing the upper gate and for opening the other gate after said first gate is opened, said operating means being joined to said first gate normally maintaining the same closed and adapted upon movement for releasing the same.

'7. In a furnace having a deck and a bridge-wall defining a fire chamber, and having communicating air ducts beneath said deck and in the outside of said bridge-wall, with a plurality of air inlets in said deck and in said bridge-wall, a pivotally mounted upper air gate transversely disposed within said deck duct controlling communication to said deck inlets, a pivotally mounted lower air gate within said deck duct controlling communication to said bridge-wall duct and adapted to close by gravity upon being released, and operating means interconnecting said gates for releasing said lower gate and for closing the upper gate after the lower gate is closed, whereby the air supply to the furnace is progressively diminished, said operating means being joined to said lower gate normally maintaining the same open and adapted upon movement for closing the same.

8. In a furnace having a deck and a bridge-wall defining a fire chamber, and having communicating air ducts beneath said deck and on the outside of said bridge-wall, with a plurality of air inlets in said deck and in said bridge-wall, a pivotally mounted upper air gate transversely disposed within said deck duct controlling communication to said deck inlets, a pivotally mounted lower air gate within said deck duct controlling communication to said bridge-Wall duct, and operating means interconnecting said air gates to progressively close the lower gate and then the upper gate.

9. In a furnace having a deck in a bridge-wall defining a fire chamber, and having communicat ing air ducts beneath said deck and on the outside of said bridge-wall, with a plurality of air inlets in said deck and in said bridge-wall, a pivotal upper air gate in said deck duct control- 2, 271 ,IQI

ling communication to said deck inlets, adapted to open by gravity on being released, a pivotal lower air gate in said deck duct controlling communication to said bridge-wall duct, operating means interconnecting said air gates for progressively releasing the upper gate and for opening the lower gate after the upper gate is opened, said operating means being joined to said upper gate normally maintaining the same closed and adapted; upon movement for releasing said upper gate.

10. In a 'furnace having a deck and a bridgewall defining a firechamber, and having comrnunicating ai-1-- ducts beneath, said deck and on the outside of said bridgeawall, with a plurality of air inlets in said deck and: in said bridgerwall, a pivotal upper air gate in said deck duct controlling communication to said deckinlets, a pivotal lower air gate in said deck duct controlling communication tosaid bridge-wall duct, adapted to close by gravity on being released, operating means interconnecting said gates for progressi-vely releasing the lower gate permitting closing thereof, and for closing the upper gate after the lower gate is closed, said operating meansbeing J'Oined to said lower gate normally maintaining the same open and adapted upon movement for releasing said lower gate.

11. In a furnace having a deck and a bridge! wall defining a fire, chamber, and having communicating air ducts beneath said deck and on REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 580,712 Peck- Apr. 13, 1897 767,569 Kitchen Aug. 16, 1904 788,239 Boughton Apr. 25, 1905 1,260,196 Hock Mar. 19, 1918 1,490,351 Tiller Apr. 15, 1924 1,614,237 Grunert et al. Jan. 11,, 1927 1,630,977 Smoot May 31, 1927 1,887,891 Roosen Nov. 15, 1932 2,072,078 Bloomsburg et al. Mar. 2, 1937 2,160,481 Lockwood -1 May 30, 1939 2,284,652 Gustafson June 2, 1942