US3766932A - Collapsible reticular structures - Google Patents

Collapsible reticular structures Download PDF

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Publication number
US3766932A
US3766932A US00120913A US3766932DA US3766932A US 3766932 A US3766932 A US 3766932A US 00120913 A US00120913 A US 00120913A US 3766932D A US3766932D A US 3766932DA US 3766932 A US3766932 A US 3766932A
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United States
Prior art keywords
bar
elements
structures
slots
notches
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00120913A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Sidis
H Schneider
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PERET A CO OF IDEAS FOR IND B M IL
PERET CO
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PERET CO
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/344—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport with hinged parts
    • E04B1/3441—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport with hinged parts with articulated bar-shaped elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B1/1903—Connecting nodes specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/005—Girders or columns that are rollable, collapsible or otherwise adjustable in length or height
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/32—Parts, components, construction details, accessories, interior equipment, specially adapted for tents, e.g. guy-line equipment, skirts, thresholds
    • E04H15/34—Supporting means, e.g. frames
    • E04H15/44—Supporting means, e.g. frames collapsible, e.g. breakdown type
    • E04H15/48—Supporting means, e.g. frames collapsible, e.g. breakdown type foldable, i.e. having pivoted or hinged means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/32—Parts, components, construction details, accessories, interior equipment, specially adapted for tents, e.g. guy-line equipment, skirts, thresholds
    • E04H15/34—Supporting means, e.g. frames
    • E04H15/44—Supporting means, e.g. frames collapsible, e.g. breakdown type
    • E04H15/48—Supporting means, e.g. frames collapsible, e.g. breakdown type foldable, i.e. having pivoted or hinged means
    • E04H15/50—Supporting means, e.g. frames collapsible, e.g. breakdown type foldable, i.e. having pivoted or hinged means lazy-tongs type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1927—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1957—Details of connections between nodes and struts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1957—Details of connections between nodes and struts
    • E04B2001/1966—Formlocking connections other than screw connections
    • E04B2001/1969—Ball and socket type connection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1981—Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S52/00—Static structures, e.g. buildings
    • Y10S52/10—Polyhedron

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Disclosed herein is a three-dimensional collapsible structure formed by an array of bar-like elements each pivotally connected at its ends to one or more other such elements.
  • the elements and their pivotal connections are arranged to permit the collapse of the threedimensional structure into a configuration wherein the elements are grouped closely together and disposed-in parallel, whereby the collapsed configuration has an overall length which is substantially the same as the length of a single one of the elements.
  • the present invention relates to three-dimensional structures, the geometries of which are specified hereinafter, and which are distinguished by their collapsibility and by the fact that, in the collapsed state, said structures, constituted by a plurality of bar-like elements, form compact arrays the lengths of which arrays do not substantially exceed the length of a single barlike element.
  • a collapsible reticular structure comprising a plurality of groups of rods each of which consists of n rods jointed together at points intermediate their ends for relative articulation, each end of each rod of a group being jointed for relative articulation to the end of (n-l) rods of (n-l) further groups, the resultant three articulation axes of each rod being parallel and disposed transversely of the latter and lying in a common plane which also contains the longitudinal axis of the rod, at least some of the various joints interconnect ing ends of the rods being themselves directly interconnected by means of flexible and unextendable means such as cables or ropes which act in direct tension to limit unfolding of the assembly of rods to provide a predetermined structure.
  • said structures must thus be regarded as three-layer grids.
  • Re(iii) The structures according to the present invention can be erected and collapsed within minutes and, as indicated in the preceding paragraph, the possible application of additional stiffening means does not substantially add to this time.
  • the :sum of erection and collapsing times thus constitutes only a fraction of the likely period of use of these structures, a precondition for the useful application of collapsible structures to such purposes as envisaged by the present invention.
  • the parallel struts of light weight magnesium alloy consist of sets of three fastened together with a ball joint in tripods. Each set is like a camera tripod with three tubular magnesium legs. It has ball joints at the tripod head. Then all the tripods feet are fastened together with ball joints in clusters of 5 and 6 tubular-tripod feet per ball joint.
  • the pushed-out masts each have three tension members leading to their respective tripods feet. As the masts are pushed out by the 200 pound'pressure the tension members pull the legs of the tripods outwardly from one another.
  • the tripods all open wide with their ball joint feet fastened together in hexagons and pentagons, There is a triangular net of aircraft cable in a regular geodesic star spherical grid, like the pneumatic balls tension net, that restrains the tripod legs from moving any further outwardly from one another than is necessary to form a dome or sphere.
  • tubular FSP structure which can indeed be claimed to show a formal'similarity to one particular embodiment of the present invention, it comprises further elements essential to its very stability, namely, the masts as well as the two cable systems referred to in the above explanation.
  • the masts are essential to its very stability, namely, the masts as well as the two cable systems referred to in the above explanation.
  • each tripod which, with their corresponding three cables, constitute in themselves a pyramidal system, can be regarded as one layer, and the triangulated, spherical cable grid as a second layer of a double-layer structure the stability properties of which are determined by the distance between these two layers.
  • the locking disks (9) (FIG. 4) mentioned hereinafter are detached by turning them about a quarter turn.
  • the uppermost (central) joint 2A (FIGS. 1 and 2) is pulled down, inverting the top vertex of the structure.
  • the slight strain induced by the inversion of the inward-folding vertices produces enough friction to permit these inversions, i.e., in effeet, the collapsing, to be accomplished in a controlled, as opposed to a catastrophic manner.
  • the now spider-like, essentially collapsed structure is turned into an array of practically parallel bars by pushing all five spider legs toward the center.
  • the need for frequent reerection, i.e., for simple and rapid collapsing is also implied in the utilities envisaged for the present invention, which includes such uses as tents and bungalows for outings, picnics and on the beach and similar short-time uses precluding any complicated and time-consuming erection and collapsing proce' dures.
  • the structure according to the present invention is strictly a single-layer structure and, therefore, both structurally and morphologically speaking, essentially different from the double-layer structure represented by the said FSP structure.
  • the structures of the present invention are distinguished from the afore-mentioned prior art in several important and material aspects having a direct bearing on the design and utilities of the respective structures, one of the principal features of the structures of the invention being the particular design of the joints offering different and carefully determined degrees of freedom to the respective terminals of the bar-like elements and presenting indent, guide and stop features fully defining the angular position of their associated bar-like elements both with respect to each other and with respect to the central axis of symmetry of each vertex so as to define and delimit the unique angular position of each bar-like element within the whole structure as dictated by the geometries of the whole.
  • the structure claimed by the above reference derives its rigidity and stability from the fact that it is completely triangulated, i.e., the polygons constituting its spatial configuration are triangles, the horizontal bases of which are formed, on the one hand, by the eave struts and, on the other hand, by the means interjoining the groundengaging ends of the support struts or, in absence of such means, by the ground itself to which the structure must be firmly anchored.
  • the structure, prior to collapsing must be turned from a triangulated one (a triangle having 2n1 sides) into a quadrangulated one.
  • the present invention is distinguished from, and constitutes an improvement of, the invention of said U.S. Pat. No.3,059,658 by the fact that, its constituent polygons, having 2n sides, it can be completely collapsed without prior removal of some of its structural elements. Most important, however, whereas said known structure would immediately collapse without said means holding its ground-engaging ends in a stable position, the present invention is inherently selfsupporting by virtue of its geometry and, in particular, the design of its joints, as explained in the comment on the above-mentioned B. Fuller disclosure. The present invention can therefore in no way be said to be derived from the invention of U.S. Pat. No. 3,059,658.
  • a reticular, three-dimensional, jointed structure constituted by a plurality of joints and a plurality of rectilinear, sub stantially rigid, bar-like elements mutually jointed and articulated by said joints, said structure conforming to geometries based on polyhedra constituted by plane or spatial polygons having 2n sides, said structure being collapsible, wherein said joints include integral indent and/or guide and stop means which fully define and delimit the unique angular position of their associated bar-like elements both with respect to each other and with respect to the central axis of symmetry of said joints, which indent and/or guide and stop means enable said structure to be intrinsically self-supporting once completely erected, and wherein said joints are designed so that at least some of said bar-like elements may move with more than one degree of freedom at least to some extent relative to their associated joints, while the other bar-like elements are constrained relative to their associated joints so as to be restricted to movement in one plane only and that in the
  • the basic shapes underlying said structures are either spherical (dome-like) or cylindrical, in which latter case the axis of symmetry of the cylindrical envelope, being also the axis of the structure, can be either parallel or perpendicular to the ground.
  • Cylindrical structures with a vertical axis of symmetry can be closed off at the top by adding a pyramid having an n-gonal symmetry identical with the symmetry of the cylindrical grid.
  • the totality of said bar-like elements, interconnected by an appropriate number of joints thus constitutes a spatial grid substantially outlining said underlying basic shapes and, as described above, consisting of a number of spatial polygons having 2n sides.
  • a further feature of the structures of the present invention is the fact that, with the aid of joining elements, one such structure can be joined to, and combined with, one or several identical or similar or even dissimilar structures in such a way as to create a new structure, more complex than said basic structure.
  • the proposed structures do not require supporting members within or without the space enclosed by them and can be anchored to the ground with or without the aid of guy ropes.
  • the structures of the present invention may be covered by at least one pliable covering skin which can be attached to either the inner or the outer skin of the structure, or with a plurality of skins some of which can be attached to the inner side and some to the outer side of the structure.
  • Said structure can be collapsed and/or erected with said skin or skins in situ or, alternatively, said skin or skins may be attached to said structure after erection and removed from said structures prior to collapse.
  • These skins can be made from any pliable material, such as fabrics from natural or synthetic or mixed fibers, and also from rigid or semi-rigid sheet material (metallic, plastic, paper, mineral, etc.).
  • these sheets can be joined to each other and to the structure by such known processes as lacing, ce- 'menting, welding, riveting, etc., and/or by a plurality of properly located and shaped connectors such as hooks, rings, clamps, links, etc.
  • the structures of the invention can be used as tents and bungalows for outings, picnics and on the beach, as self-contained stands for exhibitions and fairs, as first-aid stations and emergency hospitals, as temporary storage facilitiates and movable packing sheds, temporary work camps and the like.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a dome-like structure according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the structure of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 represents in perspective view a specific embodiment of a bar-like element
  • FIG. 4 shows in perspective view a particular embodiment of a ball-and-socket type of joint
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a ball-and-socket type of joints
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a lu'g-and-fork type of joint
  • FIG. 7 represents a compound structure obtained by joining together two structures such as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 8 shows the coherent array of bar-like elements as represented by a completely collapsed structure such as described, e.g. in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 illustrate a further embodiment of the structure of the invention, based on a different geometry, in plan view and elevational view respectively.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 also indicate the precise location of all bar and joint elements.
  • numerals 1 denote the bar elements and 2, the joint elements.
  • the different types of these elements are indicated by letters. Accordingly,
  • 2C ball-and-socket type joint, accommodating 5 barlike elements (see FIG. 4);
  • 2D ground-touching joints. According to their geometry, these are essentially of the 2C type, except that they accommodate only three bars each, the central one of which, lying in a meridional plane of the spherical configuration, does not require the freedoms of motion afforded by the ball joint and, therefore, can be of the lug-type.
  • An entrance opening marked in FIG. 2 by an arrow, is delimited by joints and bars 2D -1A -2Bd-1B -2C 1B -2B -1A -2D Joints 2D,, and 2C, each accommodate one bar-like element less than their non-subscripted namesakes.
  • the bar-like element itself which may be either hollow or solid and consist of any suitable material such as ferrous or nonferrous metals, plastics, wood, or any combination of such materials, is shown in greater detail in FIG. 3, which is a preferred embodiment and in which body 3 thereof is shown as attached at one of its ends to a spherical terminal 4, constituting the ball of a ball-and-socket type joint, the other end being attached to a flat tongue 5 constituting the male element of a lug-and-fork type joint. Fixed to tongue 5 is a pivot 6. I
  • FIG. 4 shows two halves 7 and 8 forming the body of said joint, an attached locking disk 9, a T-shaped nut 10 holding down the locking disk 9, a bolt 11, a head 12, which has a hook-like shape serving for attachment of the covering skin, and U-shaped indents comprising stop means 13 and guide 9 means 13a, which serve to define the position of the bar-like elements relative to said joint, once the structure is completely erected.
  • One end 14 of such an element is ghosted-in.
  • the bar-like elements and the body of the joint are able to perform the complex relative movements required for convergence of the joints and juxtaposition of the -bar-like elements to form the compact array shown in FIG. 8.
  • the ball necks can freely follow the complex, not necessarily symmetrical pulling forces, until they make contact with the guide surfaces 13a which eventually ease them into the U-shaped indent, wheretheir motion is finally brought to an end by the stop surfaces 13.
  • FIG. 5 Another embodiment of a ball-and-socket type joint is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the locking device is an integral part of the joint and consists of a cup 15, rotatably mounted on one of the joint halves and provided with a number of peripheral slots 16 which, in the open state of the lock, permit the ball necks to be introduced and seated in the U-shaped positioning indents 16a. Rotation. of the locking cup 15, facilitated by gripping tabs 17, causes the indent exists 16b to be blocked, thus preventing the ball necks from leaving their respective indents.
  • FIG. 6 A preferred embodiment of a lug-and-fork type joint is illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • This joint permits its members to move in one plane only, as the guide slots 19a are, substantially, of the same width as the lug 22.
  • the two halves 18 and 19 are held together by a bolt 20 having a hook-shaped head 21.
  • the ghosted-in lug-type end 22 of the bar-like element 23 is provided with a pivot 24 rotatably seated in one of the joint halves.
  • the bottom 18a of the upper-half guide slot serves as a stop.
  • FIG. 7 two dome-like structures of the kind seen in FIG. 1 are joined together to form a larger, more complex structure.
  • the basic structures are denoted by 25 and 26, and the joining accessories by 27 and 28.
  • the coherent array of bar-like elements as represented by a completely collapsed structure of the kind seen in FIG. 1, is shown in FIG. 8.
  • the closely folded bar-like elements are in the collapsed state substantially parallel, some of the joints coming to rest on top of the array and some at the bottom.
  • the covering skin has been removed prior to collapsing of the structure, although this is not necessary in practice.
  • FIG. 9 Another embodiment of the proposed structures is depicted in FIG. 9 and in FIG. 10.
  • This is a basically cylindrical structure with a vertical axis of symmetry, closed off at the top by a pyramid.
  • the bundle of parallel bar-like elements (schematically represented in FIG. 8) is put on the ground, with the bar-like elements in a substantially vertical position and with the ball-and-socket type joints touching the ground.
  • the second erector now lifts up the central joint 2A, holding it high, while the first erector pulls out the peripheral five-member joints [including the fourmember joint 2C (FIGJ) of the: entrance opening] v.
  • the five ground-contacting joints 2D (FIG. 1 and 2) are manually tilted outwardly as far as they will go and the locking disks 9 (FIG. 4) are now applied to each of the five ball-type joints 2C by first pulling these joints outwards until all the ball necks are properly seated against the stops 13 (FIG. 4) of their respective indents, then the locking disks are put on, with their slots 9a (FIG. 4) parallel with the T-nut 10 (FIG. 4) and, finally, turning said disks about a quarter of a turn.
  • the structure is now erected and may be anchored to the ground, if conditions so require.
  • the collapsing procedure has already been described on pages 10 and 11 of this specification and is, in effect, more or less a reverse procedure to that described in respect of the aforementioned erection procedure.
  • a collapsible, reticular, three-dimensional, jointed I structure self-supporting by virtue of its geometry and the design of its joints, said structure conforming to geometries based on polyhedra constituted by plane or spatial polygons having 2n sides and comprising a plurality of joining means and a plurality'of rectilinear, substantially rigid, bar-like elements mutually connected together and articulated by said joining means, said joining means including integral guide and stop means which fully define and delimit the unique angular positions of their associated bar-like elements both with respect to each other and with respect to a central axis of symmetry of said joining means, and which guide and stop means enable said structure to be intrinsically self-supporting once completely erected, said joining means also including means for permitting a first portion of said plurality of banlike elements to ,move with more than one degree of freedom relative to their associated joints, and for constraining a second portion of said plurality of bar-like elements to movement in one plane only, wherein, in the collapsed state of said structure
  • a structure according to claim 1, wherein the actual number of bar-like elements provided therefor is either equal to the theoretical number of bar-like, elements as prescribed by the configuration of said structure, or different from said theoretical number, in which case one or more elements are either removed or added to provide for access to the structure, or connecting apertures or passage ways between a plurality of said structures, or any combination thereof.
  • one of said joining means comprises first and second plateshaped'members having radial slots therein, said slots in said first plate-shaped member extending through the entire axial extent thereof, means for connecting said plate-shaped members in a face-to-face relation wherein said'slots are disposed in alignment, one of said plate-shaped members having pairs of aligned notches disposed therein and projecting transversely of the walls of its said slots, one said pair of notches for each said slot, and in which each of a plurality of said barlike elements has a lug shaped end portion and a pair of rigid pivot members extending transversely of said lug portion in opposed alignment, wherein said lug portions of said bar-like members are received in said respective slots, and said pairs of pivot members are received in said pairs of notches, whereby said bar-like members are pivotable with respect to each other on said connected plate-shaped members.
  • one of said joining means comprises a plate shaped member having a plurality of radially disposed socket openings extending therethrough and positioned to define slots through the peripheral edge thereof, a circular member having a plurality of notches extending radially therethrough, means for connecting said plate-shaped and ring-shaped members together wherein said slots and notches are disposed in alignment, and in which each of a plurality of said bar-like elements has a pin, and a ball interconnected to one end of said bar-like element by said pin, said pins being received, respectively, through said openings, each said ball having a diameter larger than said openings, and each said pin having a diameter smaller than said slots and notches.
  • a structure as set forth in claim 1 l in which said circular member has a plurality or circumferential slot means in communication respectively with said notches for receiving said pins to releasably hold said bar-like elements against movement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
US00120913A 1970-03-08 1971-03-04 Collapsible reticular structures Expired - Lifetime US3766932A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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IL34025A IL34025A (en) 1970-03-08 1970-03-08 Collapsible reticular structures

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BE (1) BE763900A (da)
CA (1) CA946576A (da)
CH (1) CH545390A (da)
DE (1) DE2110157C3 (da)
DK (1) DK145724C (da)
ES (1) ES200793Y (da)
FI (1) FI49448C (da)
FR (1) FR2081777B1 (da)
GB (1) GB1319385A (da)
IL (1) IL34025A (da)
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US3968808A (en) * 1974-11-06 1976-07-13 Zeigler Theodore Richard Collapsible self-supporting structure
US4290244A (en) * 1976-07-13 1981-09-22 Zeigler Theodore Richard Collapsible self-supporting structures and panels and hub therefor
US4462191A (en) * 1982-02-25 1984-07-31 Poirier Jacques B Prefabricated dwelling of the modular type
US4558713A (en) * 1982-10-29 1985-12-17 American Canvas Company Frame system and connectors for portable shelters
US4567707A (en) * 1984-04-09 1986-02-04 Joseph Herman Geodesic structure
US4627210A (en) * 1985-10-28 1986-12-09 Beaulieu Bryan J Hub assembly for collapsible structure
US4809726A (en) * 1987-02-24 1989-03-07 Gillis Robert E Foldable polyhedral structure
US4876831A (en) * 1988-03-14 1989-10-31 Runyon John F Folding modular building structure
US4944322A (en) * 1988-10-24 1990-07-31 Gillis Robert E Foldable tent
US4998552A (en) * 1989-09-12 1991-03-12 T. A. Pelsue Company Geodetic tent structure
US5040349A (en) * 1989-03-31 1991-08-20 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Collapsible truss structures
US5069572A (en) * 1990-01-08 1991-12-03 T. A. Pelsue Company Nub assembly for tent frame struts
WO1992008024A1 (en) * 1990-10-24 1992-05-14 Norman Stephen Mcnally Modular framed construction
US5125205A (en) * 1986-12-10 1992-06-30 William John Wichman Display frame with folding display attachment devices
WO1994019568A1 (en) * 1993-02-22 1994-09-01 T.A. Pelsue Company Stable tent
US5361794A (en) * 1992-08-10 1994-11-08 Brady Rex W Unitized foldable tent frame
US5444946A (en) * 1993-11-24 1995-08-29 World Shelters, Inc. Portable shelter assemblies
US5566701A (en) * 1992-12-11 1996-10-22 Grey; Stephen Collapsible display framework
WO1997027369A1 (en) * 1996-01-25 1997-07-31 Cambridge University Technical Services Limited Expandable/collapsible structures
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US20040232647A1 (en) * 2003-05-21 2004-11-25 Ki-Chang Kim Upper mounting structure of rear strut assembly
US20050039388A1 (en) * 2003-08-19 2005-02-24 Wehner Scott D. Collapsible greenhouse
US6892744B2 (en) 2001-03-26 2005-05-17 Thomas G. Feldpausch Collapsible shelter structure
US20050110447A1 (en) * 2002-03-21 2005-05-26 Ulrich Weber Device for manipulating the angular position of an object relative to a fixed structure
US20050123346A1 (en) * 2002-04-18 2005-06-09 Sakura Rubber Co., Ltd Coupling apparatus for structural members
US7178538B2 (en) 2004-11-12 2007-02-20 Ransom Robert M Portable, selectively-reversible enclosure
US20100139202A1 (en) * 2008-12-10 2010-06-10 Athan Stephan P Space frame hub joint
US20110167738A1 (en) * 2005-11-14 2011-07-14 Michael Schneider Connection node for a three-dimensional framework, in particular for a geodesic structure
US20120192906A1 (en) * 2011-01-27 2012-08-02 Dankenbring Jeffrey D Roof support assembly for collapsible shelter
US20130340373A1 (en) * 2010-11-19 2013-12-26 Julian B. Santiago Prowald Low Weight, Compactly Deployable Support Structure
US20140076372A1 (en) * 2012-09-19 2014-03-20 Ki Ho Jin Foldable tent
USD707473S1 (en) 2012-09-28 2014-06-24 Worldwide Creations, LLC Collapsible enclosure
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US9089211B2 (en) 2011-09-28 2015-07-28 Worldwide Creations, LLC Collapsible shelving units and collapsible enclosures
USD735885S1 (en) 2013-11-07 2015-08-04 Worldwide Creations, LLC Collapsible greenhouse
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US9784009B2 (en) 2015-03-24 2017-10-10 Campvalley (Xiamen) Co., Ltd. Integrated tent having multiple tent units
US10012007B2 (en) 2016-04-07 2018-07-03 Xiamen Innovation Metal Products Co., Ltd. Tent frame and tent with slidably coupled top poles
US10041271B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2018-08-07 Xiamen Innovation Metal Products Co., Ltd. Foldable tent
US10119298B2 (en) * 2016-11-21 2018-11-06 Campvalley (Xiamen) Co., Ltd. Convenient tent
US10227792B2 (en) 2013-05-08 2019-03-12 Campvalley (Xiamen) Co., Ltd. Tent having enhanced tent top
US10253522B2 (en) 2013-02-05 2019-04-09 Campvalley (Xiamen) Co., Ltd. Shelter frame with transverse member
US10316543B2 (en) * 2014-02-24 2019-06-11 Andrae T. D'Acquisto Pole retainer system
US10329790B2 (en) 2017-04-21 2019-06-25 Campvalley (Xiamen) Co., Ltd. Tent frame and tent with extended top
US11413553B1 (en) * 2021-02-08 2022-08-16 Marcio Sequeira De Oliveira Structural parts kit for formation of architectural and structural didactic models
US11466443B2 (en) * 2015-12-29 2022-10-11 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Articulated joint mechanism for cable-based and tensegrity structures
USD990707S1 (en) * 2021-01-08 2023-06-27 Steelcase Inc. Partition
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US3968808A (en) * 1974-11-06 1976-07-13 Zeigler Theodore Richard Collapsible self-supporting structure
US4290244A (en) * 1976-07-13 1981-09-22 Zeigler Theodore Richard Collapsible self-supporting structures and panels and hub therefor
US4462191A (en) * 1982-02-25 1984-07-31 Poirier Jacques B Prefabricated dwelling of the modular type
US4558713A (en) * 1982-10-29 1985-12-17 American Canvas Company Frame system and connectors for portable shelters
US4567707A (en) * 1984-04-09 1986-02-04 Joseph Herman Geodesic structure
US4627210A (en) * 1985-10-28 1986-12-09 Beaulieu Bryan J Hub assembly for collapsible structure
US5125205A (en) * 1986-12-10 1992-06-30 William John Wichman Display frame with folding display attachment devices
US4809726A (en) * 1987-02-24 1989-03-07 Gillis Robert E Foldable polyhedral structure
US4876831A (en) * 1988-03-14 1989-10-31 Runyon John F Folding modular building structure
US4944322A (en) * 1988-10-24 1990-07-31 Gillis Robert E Foldable tent
US5040349A (en) * 1989-03-31 1991-08-20 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Collapsible truss structures
US4998552A (en) * 1989-09-12 1991-03-12 T. A. Pelsue Company Geodetic tent structure
EP0422771A1 (en) * 1989-09-12 1991-04-17 T.A. Pelsue Company Tent
US5069572A (en) * 1990-01-08 1991-12-03 T. A. Pelsue Company Nub assembly for tent frame struts
WO1992008024A1 (en) * 1990-10-24 1992-05-14 Norman Stephen Mcnally Modular framed construction
US5573028A (en) * 1992-02-22 1996-11-12 T. A. Pelsue Company Stable Tent
US5361794A (en) * 1992-08-10 1994-11-08 Brady Rex W Unitized foldable tent frame
US5423341A (en) * 1992-08-10 1995-06-13 Brady; Rex W. Unitized foldable tent frame
US5566701A (en) * 1992-12-11 1996-10-22 Grey; Stephen Collapsible display framework
WO1994019568A1 (en) * 1993-02-22 1994-09-01 T.A. Pelsue Company Stable tent
US5444946A (en) * 1993-11-24 1995-08-29 World Shelters, Inc. Portable shelter assemblies
AU695475B2 (en) * 1995-06-09 1998-08-13 Stephen Grey Collapsible display framework for indoor or outdoor use
US5688604A (en) * 1995-07-21 1997-11-18 Matan; Ofer J. Deformable and elastic tensile-integrity structure
WO1997027369A1 (en) * 1996-01-25 1997-07-31 Cambridge University Technical Services Limited Expandable/collapsible structures
US6004182A (en) * 1996-08-12 1999-12-21 Radio Flyer, Inc. Temporary structure
ES2180356A1 (es) * 1999-06-10 2003-02-01 Pallares Felix Esgrig Estructura espacial plegable para uso como soporte y/o para cerramiento de superficie.
US6892744B2 (en) 2001-03-26 2005-05-17 Thomas G. Feldpausch Collapsible shelter structure
WO2003081337A2 (de) * 2002-03-21 2003-10-02 Carl Zeiss Smt Ag Vorrichtung zur manipulation der winkellage eines gegenstands gegenüber einer festen struktur
WO2003081337A3 (de) * 2002-03-21 2004-02-05 Zeiss Carl Smt Ag Vorrichtung zur manipulation der winkellage eines gegenstands gegenüber einer festen struktur
US20050110447A1 (en) * 2002-03-21 2005-05-26 Ulrich Weber Device for manipulating the angular position of an object relative to a fixed structure
US20090087256A1 (en) * 2002-04-18 2009-04-02 Sakura Rubber Co., Ltd. Coupling Apparatus for Structural Members
US20050123346A1 (en) * 2002-04-18 2005-06-09 Sakura Rubber Co., Ltd Coupling apparatus for structural members
US7473048B2 (en) * 2002-04-18 2009-01-06 Sakura Rubber Co., Ltd. Coupling apparatus for structural members
US7674064B2 (en) 2002-04-18 2010-03-09 Sakura Rubber Co., Ltd. Coupling apparatus for structural members
US20040232647A1 (en) * 2003-05-21 2004-11-25 Ki-Chang Kim Upper mounting structure of rear strut assembly
US20050039388A1 (en) * 2003-08-19 2005-02-24 Wehner Scott D. Collapsible greenhouse
US7665478B2 (en) 2003-08-19 2010-02-23 Wehner Scott D Collapsible greenhouse
US7178538B2 (en) 2004-11-12 2007-02-20 Ransom Robert M Portable, selectively-reversible enclosure
US8096085B2 (en) * 2005-11-14 2012-01-17 Michael Schneider Connection node for a three-dimensional framework, in particular for a geodesic structure
US20110167738A1 (en) * 2005-11-14 2011-07-14 Michael Schneider Connection node for a three-dimensional framework, in particular for a geodesic structure
US7992353B2 (en) 2008-12-10 2011-08-09 Athan Stephan P Space frame hub joint
US20100139202A1 (en) * 2008-12-10 2010-06-10 Athan Stephan P Space frame hub joint
US20130340373A1 (en) * 2010-11-19 2013-12-26 Julian B. Santiago Prowald Low Weight, Compactly Deployable Support Structure
US8839585B2 (en) * 2010-11-19 2014-09-23 European Space Agency Low weight, compactly deployable support structure
US9062448B2 (en) 2011-01-13 2015-06-23 Shift Strategy + Design Inc. Pivotally erectable structural frame system
US20120192906A1 (en) * 2011-01-27 2012-08-02 Dankenbring Jeffrey D Roof support assembly for collapsible shelter
US8578956B2 (en) * 2011-01-27 2013-11-12 Jeffrey D. Dankenbring Roof support assembly for collapsible shelter
US9089211B2 (en) 2011-09-28 2015-07-28 Worldwide Creations, LLC Collapsible shelving units and collapsible enclosures
US9241564B2 (en) 2011-09-28 2016-01-26 Worldwide Creations, LLC Collapsible shelving units and collapsible enclosures
US20140076372A1 (en) * 2012-09-19 2014-03-20 Ki Ho Jin Foldable tent
US9140030B2 (en) * 2012-09-19 2015-09-22 Ki Ho Jin Foldable tent
USD722795S1 (en) 2012-09-28 2015-02-24 Worldwide Creations, LLC Collapsible enclosure
USD707472S1 (en) 2012-09-28 2014-06-24 Worldwide Creations, LLC Collapsible enclosure
USD707473S1 (en) 2012-09-28 2014-06-24 Worldwide Creations, LLC Collapsible enclosure
US10253522B2 (en) 2013-02-05 2019-04-09 Campvalley (Xiamen) Co., Ltd. Shelter frame with transverse member
US10227792B2 (en) 2013-05-08 2019-03-12 Campvalley (Xiamen) Co., Ltd. Tent having enhanced tent top
USD735885S1 (en) 2013-11-07 2015-08-04 Worldwide Creations, LLC Collapsible greenhouse
US10316543B2 (en) * 2014-02-24 2019-06-11 Andrae T. D'Acquisto Pole retainer system
US20150284974A1 (en) * 2014-04-02 2015-10-08 Campvalley (Xiamen) Co. Ltd. Tent Frame Top Connecting Structure
US9605441B2 (en) * 2014-04-02 2017-03-28 Campvalley (Xiamen) Co. Ltd. Tent frame top connecting structure
US9784009B2 (en) 2015-03-24 2017-10-10 Campvalley (Xiamen) Co., Ltd. Integrated tent having multiple tent units
US10041271B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2018-08-07 Xiamen Innovation Metal Products Co., Ltd. Foldable tent
US11466443B2 (en) * 2015-12-29 2022-10-11 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Articulated joint mechanism for cable-based and tensegrity structures
US10012007B2 (en) 2016-04-07 2018-07-03 Xiamen Innovation Metal Products Co., Ltd. Tent frame and tent with slidably coupled top poles
US10119298B2 (en) * 2016-11-21 2018-11-06 Campvalley (Xiamen) Co., Ltd. Convenient tent
US10329790B2 (en) 2017-04-21 2019-06-25 Campvalley (Xiamen) Co., Ltd. Tent frame and tent with extended top
USD990707S1 (en) * 2021-01-08 2023-06-27 Steelcase Inc. Partition
USD1014782S1 (en) 2021-01-08 2024-02-13 Steelcase Inc. Partition
US11413553B1 (en) * 2021-02-08 2022-08-16 Marcio Sequeira De Oliveira Structural parts kit for formation of architectural and structural didactic models
USD1013211S1 (en) * 2023-07-11 2024-01-30 Yu Wang Canopy

Also Published As

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FR2081777B1 (da) 1973-12-07
FI49448B (da) 1975-02-28
BE763900A (fr) 1971-09-06
DK145724B (da) 1983-02-07
DK145724C (da) 1983-07-25
NO130545B (da) 1974-09-23
DE2110157B2 (de) 1978-05-24
DE2110157C3 (de) 1979-01-11
NO130545C (da) 1975-01-08
CH545390A (fr) 1973-12-15
IL34025A (en) 1971-04-28
CA946576A (en) 1974-05-07
ES200793Y (es) 1976-02-16
ZA71979B (en) 1971-10-27
IL34025A0 (en) 1970-05-21
FI49448C (fi) 1975-06-10
FR2081777A1 (da) 1971-12-10
ES200793U (es) 1975-11-01
NL7103048A (da) 1971-09-10
JPS5318815B1 (da) 1978-06-17
SE384239B (sv) 1976-04-26
DE2110157A1 (de) 1971-11-18
GB1319385A (en) 1973-06-06

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