US3733884A - Forging presses with ejector means - Google Patents

Forging presses with ejector means Download PDF

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Publication number
US3733884A
US3733884A US00051536A US3733884DA US3733884A US 3733884 A US3733884 A US 3733884A US 00051536 A US00051536 A US 00051536A US 3733884D A US3733884D A US 3733884DA US 3733884 A US3733884 A US 3733884A
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United States
Prior art keywords
die
ram
upsetting
workpiece receiving
workpiece
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00051536A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Foster
G Wilson
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B & S Massey Ltd gb
B&S Massey Ltd
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B&S Massey Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
    • B21J13/14—Ejecting devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/02—Special design or construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J9/025—Special design or construction with rolling or wobbling dies

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An upsetting or forging machine having at least one pair of relatively movable dies, one of which is arranged to carry out a circular rocking motion about a point related to the center of one of the dies of the die set, the other die including at least one linearly movable element in order that the die can be moved towards or away from the rockable die, there being a ram means associated with the linearly movable die in order that a workpiece after upsetting or forging can be ejected from the die set.
  • the invention refers particularly though not exclusively to upsetting or forging machines for upsetting or forging, forming or rolling circular or other shaped objects of regular or irregular form.
  • upsetting or forging machines of the generally known kinds the total surface of the article or object is operated upon simultaneously with the result that very high peak loads are produced necessitating extremely strong, heavy and consequently expensive machines.
  • the generally accepted length to diameter ratio between which it is possible to produce forgings without fault lines is 3:1 and above this it is accepted that the possibility of efficient operation does not exist due to the risk of bending or otherwise deforming the stock.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide an upsetting or forging machine in which the above mentioned disadvantages are overcome or at least substantially reduced.
  • an upsetting or forging machine including a pair of relatively movable dies between which a workpiece or a part thereof may be located there being a workpiece receiving die formed from one or more linearly movable elements adapted to be controlled individually, collectively or in groups before or during upsetting or forging, a means for ejecting a finished workpiece from the die, and a co-operating die adapted to carry out a circular rocking motion about a point at or near the center of one of the dies whereby a complete upsetting or forging operation may be carried out by the one pair of dies.
  • the machine includes a workpiece receiving die formed of a plurality of die elements in which the elements are each controllable as to their sequence and rate of movement, the direction of movement and their distance moved.
  • the workpiece receiving die is composed of a series of concentric elements.
  • the workpiece receiving die is of unitary construction and is mounted upon a linearly movable contral element, the die and the control element being provided with a through bore adapted to receive a bar or tube stock workpiece, means being provided for advancing the workpiece as upsetting or forging takes place.
  • the workpiece receiving die is of unitary form and is mounted upon a control element there being a co-operating die adapted to carry out a circular rocking motion and simultaneously be advanced towards the workpiece receiving die, the latter and the control element being bored to receive a bar or tube stock workpiece and means being provided to advance the workpiece as upsetting or forging takes place.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation of part ofone form of die and operating mechanism
  • FIG. 3 is a more detailed view of part of the apparatus of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of a further modification
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a further modification.
  • FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 are schematic views showing a means of operating a machine having a die and operating mechanism similar to any one of those illustrated in FIG. 1 to 5.
  • a die set comprising a die 10 adapted to perform a circular rocking motion about a point at or near the center of that die.
  • a second die 11 is provided and this consists of an outer portion, in the case being described having a recess 12 and a centrally disposed through hole 13.
  • This die is either formed integrally upon the upper surface ofa ram 14 or is attached to that ram. In either case the die stands proud of a flange 15 of the ram 14.
  • the ram 14 extends through a bore 16 in the bolster 17 of the machine and the flange 15 is provided with a pair of jack rams 18 located at diametrically opposed positions on the flange 15.
  • the jack rams are mounted in cylinders 19 in the bolster and are provided with fluid supply lines (not shown) by means of which operating fluid can be pumped to the cylinders to move the jack rams, and thus the die 11 rapidly towards the die 10.
  • the ram 14 is in this specification referred to as the main ram.
  • a cylinder 20 At the end of the main ram 14 is a cylinder 20 to which fluid lines 20a 20b are provided so that fluid can be pumped to either side of the ram piston 21 located therein so that the main ram can be moved under operating pressure towards the die during upsetting or forging of a workpiece 22 located in the die 11. In the drawing the workpiece 22 is shown finished and ready for ejection.
  • the main ram is provided with a through bore located axially thereof and within this is located a second ram 23 the piston 24 of which is located in a cylinder 25 located at a position more remote from the die 10 than the cylinder of the main ram 14.
  • Fluid lines a and 25b are provided to the cylinder 25 of the second ram both above and below the piston 24 to enable the second ram to be moved into and out of the die 11.
  • the top of the second ram, or a replaceable head piece attached thereto forms effectively a second die part and in the case in point is located in the base region of the through bore 13 of the die 11.
  • the second ram 23 is provided with a through bore, as is the cylinder 25 and through this passes an ejector ram 26 having a piston 27 located in a cylinder 28.
  • This cylinder is provided with fluid lines 28a and 28b in order that fluid can be pumped to either side of the piston 27.
  • the piston 27 is provided with a stem extending from the face opposite to the ram and this passes through the cylinder 28 into a hole 29 in the bolster 17 when the piston is retracted relative to the die 11. Adjacent this hole 29 is a stop member 30 connected to the ram of a piston 31.
  • the vertical position of the stop member 30 may be adjustable, for example by providing, within the bolster 17, a vertically adjustable and lockable column indicated generally by the member 30a.
  • All of the fluid lines are provided with valves so that a control system can be programmed to ensure that the corrected valves open and close in sequence to ensure that the correct operational steps are carried out during forging.
  • the rams would all be retracted relative to the die 10 at the commencement of an operating cycle.
  • a billet would be inserted in the central bore 13 of the die 11.
  • the jack rams are now moved by pressure fluid to bring the die 11 into close proximity with the die 10 during which movement the valve to line 20a would be open to drain and the valve to line 20b would be connected to pre-fill supply.
  • the main ram 14 is then advanced towards the die 10 by fluid entering the cylinder through line 20b at the same time ram 23 is advanced by fluid pumped to the cylinder 25 via line 25b; line 25a being open to drain.
  • the ejector ram 26 is advanced to enter into the workpiece to produce a blind hole in the central portion of the billet, retraction of this ram being prevented by the stop member 30 being located over the hole 29.
  • the ejector ram 26 is thus effectively solid with the bolster 17.
  • the jack ram fluid supply lines are opened to drain.
  • the main ram cylinder is opened to pump via line 20a and to drain via line 20b and the second ram cylinder 25 is also opened to pump via line 25a and drain via line 25b.
  • the jack rams 18 Whilst it is very convenient for the jack rams 18 to be located as shown in FIG. 1 and various other figures of the drawing since they then perform the function of providing resistance to rotation of the die 11 they can be replaced by a single jack ram inside the main ram and surrounding the second ram but in this case other means for preventing rotation of the die 11 must be provided.
  • FIG. 2 it can be seen that a second ram 123 is located in a cylinder 124 located wholly within the main ram 14.
  • the ejector ram 26 and its cylinder 28 is constructed and arranged as in FIG. 1 and the operating cycle is the same as that of the arrangement of FIG. 1 for producing the forging 22.
  • the fluid supply lines to cylinder 124, that is lines 124a and 124b pass, in this case through the flange 15 to their respective pumps.
  • FIG. 3 shows, on a larger scale a more detailed view of part of the arrangement of FIG. 2 it will be seen that the die 11 is secured to the flanged end 15 of the main ram 14.
  • the second ram 123 is provided at its end remote from the piston 24 with a frusto conical bore 124 into which seats a correspondingly shaped spigot 125 formed at one side of a flange 126 adapted to seat on the end of the ram 123 and extending from this flange 126 is a head 127.
  • the main ram 14 is provided with a stepped bore 128 at the end remote from the flange l5 and the piston 24 seats in this bore which is closed by an end plate 129 having a bore therethrough to accommodate the ejector ram 26 which latter is also provided with a head piece 130 removably secured thereto.
  • the head pieces 127 and 130 are produced from hardened steel to enable them to resist wear and since they are removable they can relatively easily be replaced after a period of use.
  • both a second ram 200 and an ejector ram 201 may have their respective cylinders 202 and 203 and pistons 204 and 205 within the main ram 14.
  • the ejector ram piston 205 is again provided with a stem adapted to cooperate with a stop member 30.
  • Fluid supply lines for the cylinders 202 and 203 are in this case provided by boring the main ram 14 from its flanged end 15.
  • the rams are preferably vertically disposed with the die 11 located below, and movable upwardly towards the die 10 which performs a circular rocking motion. It is however possible to arrange these rams in the horizontal plane if desired.
  • FIG. 5 it will be seen that it is advantageous in certain cases to arrange for the machine to operate in the horizontal plane. This is the case particularly where the machine is adapted for use in upsetting and forging operations on bar or tube stock.
  • a fixed cross head 210 in which is located a die 211a adapted to perform a circular rocking motion about a horizontal axis 211.
  • This axis is extensive with a central axis of a die 212 fixed in a second cross head 213.
  • the cross head 213 is slidably mounted on guides 214 and the cross head 213 is bored to receive a wear resistant sleeve 215 of hollow form.
  • the die 212 is bored centrally to a shape corresponding to the shape of the bore of the sleeve 215.
  • the sleeve 215 is removable from the cross head to allow for changes to be made.
  • the sleeve 215 may have a circular base to receive circular cross sectioned stock or it may be bored to other shapes to receive stock of cross sections other than circular.
  • a ram cross head 216 which may be positionally adjusted relative to the cross heads 210 and 213 so that stock of various lengths may be positioned in the bore of the sleeve 215 and die 212.
  • a main ram 217 which is hollow and accommodates therein a second ram 218.
  • the main ram 217 serves in use to move the cross head 213 towards the cross head 210 to position the dies 211a and 212 in close proximity and the ram 218 is then adapted to move to push the stock forwardly towards the die 211a to enable material of the stock to be gathered or upset.
  • the main ram 217 moves the cross head 213, and thus the die 212, closer to the die 211a to enable the gathered material to be forged to the requisite shape between the dies.
  • the cross head 216 is retracted to enable the cross head 213 to be retracted for a sufficient distance from the cross head 210 to enable the stock to be removed from the sleeve 215 and die 212.
  • operation is conveniently carried out by moving the second ram forwardly to eject the stock from the sleeve.
  • FIG. 6 There are several alternatives available for increasing the rate of production from the machine and one of these is schematically illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the cross head 213 is duplicated, there being one cross head 213 on one guide 214 and a second cross head 213a on a second guide 214a.
  • each cross head is rotatable about its corresponding guide so that, for example, when the cross head 213 is positioned with the axis of its sleeve coextensive with the axis 211 of the die 211a and main and second rams 217 and 218 the cross head 213a is positioned clear of the machine and can be loaded with stock.
  • an upsetting and forging operation on the stock in cross head 213 is completed it is pivoted to the position shown in FIG.
  • cross head 213a is pivoted into its operative position from the combined loading and ejection position as shown.
  • the forged stock is ejected from cross head 213 (preferably by an ejector ram) and a new piece of stock is loaded. The cycle can now be repeated.
  • a single cross head 220 is provided, in this case there are three operating stations for the cross haed.
  • the cross head 220 of this arrangement is provided with three dies 221 and 222 and 223 at 120 spacing and these dies are adapted, by rotation of the cross head 220 to be brought successively into position in alignment with the die 211a which latter, in the drawing has located in alignment therewith the die 221.
  • the cross head 220 rotates about the axis 224 of a guide. Assuming the direction of rotation to be as shown by the arrow B the die 223 is at a loading station and the die 222 is at an ejection station. If the direction of rotation of the cross head were reversed then the die 223 would be at the ejection station and the die 222 at the loading station. In this arrangement there would be an ejector ram at the ejection station.
  • FIG. 8 The schematic layout of FIG. 8 is somewhat more complex than the preceeding arrangements in that there are four stations for a rotary cross head 250 (having four dies) which rotates about the axis 251 of a guide.
  • a rotary cross head 250 having four dies
  • the die 252a is adapted to perform an upsetting action and aligned with this die is a main and second ram arrangement similar to that of FIG. 5.
  • a piece of stock is worked on to gather material for forging and when this operation is completed the cross head 250 is indexed through to bring the upset stock into alignment with the die 252 which, in conjunction with a further main and second ram assembly similar to that of FIG. 5 serves to enable forging to be carried out.
  • the cross head 250 is indexed through 90 to bring the forged stock to an ejection station 253 at which is located an ejection ram.
  • the cross head can now be indexed through a further 90 to bring the now empty die to a loading station 254.
  • the direction of rotation of the cross head is assumed to be as shown by the arrow C. If the direction of rotation is reversed then the die 252 becomes the upsetting die, the die 252a becomes the forging die and the station 253 and 254 become respectively the loading and ejection stations.
  • the loading station when the bolster or cross head is moving in one direction becomes an ejection station when the bolster or cross head is moving in the reverse direction.
  • the ejection station becomes a loading station alternatively as the bolster moves first in one direction and then the other.
  • At least one pair of relatively movable dies comprising a linearly movable workpiece receiving die and a second die adapted to carry out a circular rocking motion about a point related to the center of one of said dies, at least one linearly movable element in said workpiece receiving die, means for causing said linear movement of said workpiece receiving die at least during an upsetting or forging operation, and workpiece ejecting means cooperating with said workpiece receiving die arranged to eject a finished workpiece from said workpiece receiving die.
  • said second die being adapted to carry out a circular rocking motion about a point at the center of said second die.
  • said second die being adapted to carry out a circular rocking motion about a point at the center of said workpiece receiving die.
  • said workpiece receiving die comprising a plurality of die elements, each element being adapted to be controlled independently.
  • said workpiece receiving die comprising a plurality of concentric die elements, each element being adapted to be controlled.
  • At least one pair of relatively movable dies comprising a die adapted to carry out a circular rocking motion about a point related to the center of said pair of dies, a workpiece receiving die including a series of hydraulic rams, cylinders for said hydraulic rams located along a common axis, fluid supply means for causing said hydraulic rams to be movable linearly at least during an upsetting or forging operation, and workpiece ejecting means cooperating with said hydraulic rams arranged to eject a finished workpiece from said workpiece receiving die.
  • said workpiece ejecting means including a hydraulic ram co-operating with at least one of said rams of said workpiece receiving die and being located along an axis common to the axes of said rams of said workpiece receiving die.
  • said workpiece receiving die comprising a series of die elements, some at least of said hydraulic rams being located concentrically one within the other, one of said workpiece receiving die elements including a workpiece ejecting ram located along an axis common to the axes of said rams of said workpiece receiving die.
  • At least one pair of relatively movable dies comprising a die adapted to carry out a circular rocking motion about a point related to the center of said pair of dies, and a workpiece receiving die comprising a main ram, a peripheral flange on said main ram, at least two jack rams associated with said flange of said main ram and arranged to move said flange of said ram rapidly, and thus said main ram rapidly in a direction towards said die adapted to carry out said circular rocking motion, an outer workpiece receiving die part associated with said main ram, a second ram concentric with said main ram, a second workpiece receiving die part associated with said second ram, an ejector ram concentric with said second ram, a third workpiece receiving die part associated with said ejector ram, cylinders associated with each of said rams, pistons in said cylinders associated with each of said rams, fluid supply and return means associated with each of said cylinders adapted
  • an ejector ram stem projecting from said ejector ram piston oppositely to said ejector ram, a stop member associated with said ejector ram stem and movable into or out of a path of movement of said ejector ram stem and means for adjusting the position of said stop member relative to a cylinder containing said ejector ram piston thereby to enable the stroke of said ejector ram stern, and thus said ejector ram, to be controlled.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US00051536A 1969-07-03 1970-07-01 Forging presses with ejector means Expired - Lifetime US3733884A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB33510/69A GB1224259A (en) 1969-07-03 1969-07-03 Improvements in upsetting or forging machines

Publications (1)

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US3733884A true US3733884A (en) 1973-05-22

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US00051536A Expired - Lifetime US3733884A (en) 1969-07-03 1970-07-01 Forging presses with ejector means

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US (1) US3733884A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4940064B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT302771B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA924937A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (2) CH567890A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CS (1) CS153089B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2033106A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1224259A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
HU (1) HU165389B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE409298B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SU (1) SU372780A3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3911719A (en) * 1974-12-02 1975-10-14 Ragsdale Brothers Inc High speed ejector mechanism
CN109175187A (zh) * 2018-10-18 2019-01-11 无锡市星达石化配件有限公司 一种工厂用法兰盘锻造模具
CN111069500B (zh) * 2019-12-26 2021-05-25 江苏大学 一种高应变速率下微零件冷锻成形的自动化装置及方法
CN113118363A (zh) * 2021-05-10 2021-07-16 大昌汽车部件股份有限公司 一种用于制造卡钳活塞的锻造装置及其加工方法

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2510921B1 (fr) * 1981-08-04 1985-07-05 Ki Polt I Dispositif pour l'emboutissage de pieces par roulage
DE3604630A1 (de) * 1986-02-14 1987-08-27 Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh Lagerungsanordnung
US4936125A (en) * 1987-08-08 1990-06-26 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Plastic working method and apparatus
JPH02137637A (ja) * 1988-11-18 1990-05-25 Brother Ind Ltd 塑性加工方法及びその装置
US4982589A (en) * 1989-02-14 1991-01-08 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Swiveling type plastic working machine
DE4204213A1 (de) * 1992-02-13 1993-08-19 Hilgeland Gmbh & Co Geb Stauchpresse
CN107999680A (zh) * 2017-10-31 2018-05-08 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 一种大型盘类锻件的环形辅助锻造工装
CN113547023B (zh) * 2021-07-29 2023-03-28 洛阳尚奇机器人科技有限公司 一种芯棒壳体脱模装置

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3911719A (en) * 1974-12-02 1975-10-14 Ragsdale Brothers Inc High speed ejector mechanism
CN109175187A (zh) * 2018-10-18 2019-01-11 无锡市星达石化配件有限公司 一种工厂用法兰盘锻造模具
CN111069500B (zh) * 2019-12-26 2021-05-25 江苏大学 一种高应变速率下微零件冷锻成形的自动化装置及方法
CN113118363A (zh) * 2021-05-10 2021-07-16 大昌汽车部件股份有限公司 一种用于制造卡钳活塞的锻造装置及其加工方法
CN113118363B (zh) * 2021-05-10 2023-05-12 大昌汽车部件股份有限公司 一种用于制造卡钳活塞的锻造装置及其加工方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT302771B (de) 1972-10-25
DE2033106B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-10-10
CA924937A (en) 1973-04-24
CS153089B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-22
SE409298B (sv) 1979-08-13
DE2033106A1 (de) 1971-02-18
JPS4940064B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-10-30
SU372780A3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-03-01
HU165389B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-08-28
CH543321A (de) 1973-10-31
GB1224259A (en) 1971-03-10
CH567890A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-10-15

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