US3719068A - Method of manufacturing an article having a cylindrical peripheral wall and integral thin-walled portions inwardly thereof - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing an article having a cylindrical peripheral wall and integral thin-walled portions inwardly thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US3719068A
US3719068A US00131893A US3719068DA US3719068A US 3719068 A US3719068 A US 3719068A US 00131893 A US00131893 A US 00131893A US 3719068D A US3719068D A US 3719068DA US 3719068 A US3719068 A US 3719068A
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United States
Prior art keywords
punch
peripheral wall
thin
article
pressing operation
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00131893A
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English (en)
Inventor
S Hashimoto
K Imai
S Takahashi
Y Hattori
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K23/00—Making other articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/08—Making wire, rods or tubes
    • B21C23/10—Making finned tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/20—Making uncoated products by backward extrusion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/165—Manufacturing processes or apparatus therefore

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method of manufacturing at once an article having a cylindrical peripheral wall and integral thin-walled portions inwardly thereof from a circular blank of a sheet material with a single stroke of pressing operation.
  • the blank In the first part of the stroke, the blank is subjected to a rearward extrusion to form the blank into a semi-finished article having the peripheral wall and the thin-walled portions with a thin bottom wall being left with the semi-finished article.
  • the bottom wall is punched out of the semi-finished article to thereby provide a finished article.
  • the present invention relates generally to a method of manufacturing an article having a peripheral wall and integral thin-walled portions inwardly thereof and, particularly, to a method of manufacturing an article having a cylindrical peripheral wall and a plurality of partitions integral with the peripheral wall and extending radially inwardly from the inner surface of the peripheral wall toward the axis thereof, such as, for example, an anode of split anode magnetron.
  • an anode of split anode magnetron has a cylindrical peripheral wall and a plurality of partitions or vanes extending radially inwardly from the inner surface of the peripheral wall toward the axis thereof, each vane having a smaller ratio of lateral width relative to height.
  • the vanes define a plurality of resonance cavities between respective adjacent pairs of the vanes.
  • the inner ends of the vanes define a circular central opening for receiving a cathode.
  • the anode is usually made of oxygen free copper.
  • the oscillation frequency of a magnetron is directly influenced by the dimensional accuracy of the resonance cavities of the anode. In the manufacture of the anode of a magnetron, therefore, it is required that the vanes are worked 'with great preciseness with respect to the dimension and mutual positioning of the vanes.
  • the method of the present invention causes a punch to be forced into a blank of a sheet material in a first part of the stroke of pressing operation to subject the blank to a rearward extrusion which forms a semi-finished article having a peripheral wall and thin-walled portions with a thin bottom wall being left with the semi-finished article.
  • the bottom wall is subjected to a shearing by which the bottom wall is punched out or removed away from the semi-finished article to thereby provide a completed or finished article.
  • FIG. 1A is a top plan view of a magnetron anode manufactured by an embodiment of the method according to the present invention
  • FIG. 1B is an axial section taken along line II in FIG. 1A;
  • FIGS. 2A to 2C illustrate in axial sections a work piece in respective steps of the method of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2A to 2C are top plan views of the work piece in the respective steps of method shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C, respectively;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary axial sectional view of an apparatus employed in carrying out the method of the present invention.
  • FIGS 4A to 4C are fragmentary axial sectional views of the apparatus in different positions corresponding to the steps of the method shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C, respectively;
  • FIG. 5A is a side elevational view of the upper punch of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3 with a part of the punch being shown in longitudinal section;
  • FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along line V-V in FIG. 5A;
  • FIG. 6A is a side elevational view of the lower punch of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3 with a part of the punch being shown in longitudinal section;
  • FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along line Vl-VI in FIG. 6A;
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are top plan and axial sectional views, respectively, of the extruding die of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 8A is a top plan view of the punching die of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 8B is an axial sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII in FIG. 8A.
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate in top plan and side elevational views, respectively, the shape of the material punched out of the workpiece by a shearing step.
  • FIGS. 2A to 2C illustrate respective steps of the production of the magneton anode 1, shown in FIG. 1, according to the method of the present invention, FIGS. 2A and 2A showing a circular workpiece or blank 4 of copper, FIGS. 28 and 28 showing a semiprocessed or semi-finished article b obtained after a rearwardly extruding step, and FIGS. 2C and 2C showing a finished product c obtained after a shearing step.
  • the method of the present invention comprises a steps of subjecting the blank a to a rearward extrusion to obtain the semi-finished article b having a cylindrical wall 1, a plurality of vanes 2 and a thin-walled bottom 5 (FIGS.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an essential part of the apparatus employed in carrying out the afore-described method of the present invention with the apparatus being shown as being loaded with a piece ofa copper blank a.
  • the apparatus includes an upper punch 11, lower punch 12, a die 13 for use in extrusion step (hereinunder termed extrusion die") and another die 14 for use in punching operation (hereinunder termed punching die).
  • the apparatus also includes a support 15 for axially supporting the dies 13 and 14, and a frame member 16 for radially holding the dies 13 and 14.
  • the blank a is placed within the die 13 and on the upper face of the die 14.
  • the upper punch 11 has a stem 11f of a diameter substantially the same as the outer diameter of the cylindrical peripheral wall 1 of a magnetron anode to be produced, a lower portion lle of a diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of the peripheral wall 1 of the magnetron anode, and a shoulder portion 11d defined between the stem 11f and the lower portion lle.
  • the latter is formed with a plurality of radially and axially extending slits or grooves 111; for forming the vanes 2 of the magnetron anode.
  • the grooves 11b are complementary in shape and size to the vanes 2, respectively.
  • a tooth which also is complementary in shape and size to a resonance cavity 3 in a magnetron anode.
  • a boss 11a is defined by the radially inner ends of the grooves 11b, the boss being integral with the teeth 11c and being complementary in shape and size to the circular central opening 4 in the magnetron anode.
  • the lower portion He has its height or axial dimension which is equal to or slightly larger than the height or axial thickness of the peripheral wall 1 of the magnetron anode.
  • the lower punch 12 has its outer diameter which is substantially the same as the inner diameter of the peripheral wall 1.
  • the lower punch is also formed in the upper part thereof with a plurality of radially inwardly and axially extending slits or grooves 12b at the positions corresponding to the vanes 2 of the magnetron anode.
  • the grooves 12b are complementary in shape and size to the vanes 2, rexpectively, and define a plurality of teeth 12c, each being complementary in shape and size to a resonance cavity 4 in the magnetron anode, and a central boss which is also complementary in shape and size to the circular central opening 4 in the magnetron anode, as is in the case of the upper punch 1 1.
  • the extrusion die 13 comprises an annular ring of a relatively larger wall thickness defining a circular axial central hole 13a of a diameter which is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the peripheral wall 1 of the magnetron anode.
  • the punching die 14 comprises a cylindrical peripheral wall 14d of a relatively larger thickness having an inner diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of the peripheral wall 1 of the magnetron anode, and a plu rality of cutting or shearing teeth 14b extending radially inwardly from the upper end portion of the peripheral wall 14d.
  • the shearing teeth 14b are substantially identical in shape and size to the vanes 2 of the magnetron anode, respectively, and cooperate together to define a plurality of fan-shaped spaces 14c and a circular central opening 14a, each space and the central opening 140 being substantially identical in shape and size in plan view with a resonance cavity 3 and thecentral opening 4 of the magnetron anode, respectively.
  • the lowerupunch 12 and the punching die 14 are shaped and dimensioned relative to one another such that, when the punch 12 is moved upwardly into the die 14, the shearing teeth 14b of the latter are snugly received in the grooves 12 of the punch 12 and the spaces 14a and 140 of the die 14 are completely filled with the central boss 12a and the teeth 12c of the punch 12, respectively, with the top faces of the boss 12a and the teeth 12c of the punch 12 and the shearing teeth 14b of the die 14 forming a continuous plane, as will be seen in FIG. 3.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4C illustrate the operation of the abovedescribed apparatus. Namely, FIG. 4A illustrates the apparatus in a position in which a blank a has just been placed in position.
  • FIG. 48 illustrates the next position of the apparatus in which the upper punch 11 has been forced to mode downwardly to perform a required extrusion so that a semi-finished article b has been formed.
  • FIG. 4C illustrates a further position of the apparatus in which the upper punch 11 has been further moved downwardly and the lower punch 12 has been retracted downwardly to perform a shearing of the bottom wall 5 of the semi-finished article b with a result that a finished product c has been obtained.
  • a circular workpiece or blank is provided.
  • the blank a is coated at the peripheral surface with an appropriate lubricant such as, for example, molybdenum disulfide in pastelike form.
  • an appropriate lubricant such as, for example, molybdenum disulfide in pastelike form.
  • the blank a is placed within the die 13 and on the geral surface provided by the lower punch 12 and the die 14, as shown in FIG. 4A.
  • the upper punch 11 is then forced to move downwardly with the lower punch 12 being restrained from being moved downwardly for thereby subjecting the blank to a rearward extrusion.
  • the downward movement of the upper punch 11 into the blank causes a generally rearward plastic flow of the material of the blank into a generally annular space defined between the lower portion lle of the upper punch 11 and the die 13 and into the grooves 11b in the punch 11 so that a semi-finished article b having a cylindrical peripheral wall 1 and vanes 2 is formed (FIG. 4B).
  • This rearward extrusion is completed while there is left with the semifinished article b a bottom wall 5 of a thickness substantially the same as the lateral width or circumpherential dimension of each vane 2.
  • the lower punch 12 is then released from the restraint so that the continued downward movement of the upper punch 11 punches the bottom wall 5 to provide a finished product 0.
  • any conventional locking mechanism may be employed to lock the lower punch 12 in the position shown in FIGS. 4A and 48 during the extrusion step.
  • the punch 12 may be unlocked when the process is reached by the transition to the next punching or shearing step.
  • the timing of the transition of the process to the shearing step may be determined by detecting the pressure for moving down the upper punch 11 arriving at the maximum pressure value Pm.
  • the timing of the transition may be determined by detecting the distance, over which the upper punch 11 is to be moved down, arriving at a predeterfinished article b has a shape as shown in FIGS.
  • 9A and 1 9B and comprises a central portion 5a which has left a central circular opening 4 with the finished product c or magnetron anode, and a plurality of fan-shaped portions 5c which have left resonance cavities 3 with the product c.
  • the fan-shaped portions define together slits 5b which have left vanes 2 with the product 0.
  • the finished product c is confined within a closed space defined by the upper punch 11 and the dies 13 and 14.
  • the finished product 0 may be press-shaped.
  • the lower punch 12 should be restrained from being moved or retracted downwardly during the extruding step. Then, the punch 12 should be released from the restraint at the transition to the shearing step so that the punch 12 may be retracted during the shearing step.
  • a strong spring may be employed to upwardly bias the lower punch 12 so that, when a predetermined extrusion is completed (that is, when the pressure on the upper punch 11 required for the downward movement thereof arrives at the maximum pressure value Pm for the extrusion), the downward force exerted on the lower punch 12 first overcomes the upward biasing force from the spring to force the lower punch 12 to be moved downwardly.
  • an appropriate hydraulic mechanism may be employed to exert an upward force P2 to the lower punch 12 and may be so controlled that the upward force P2 be in such a relationship as being shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C with respect to the downward force P1.
  • an appropriate hydraulic mechanism may be employed to exert an upward force P2 to the lower punch 12 and may be so controlled that the upward force P2 be in such a relationship as being shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C with respect to the downward force P1.
  • it will be most convenient to predetermine the relationship between upward and downward pressures such that P1 is equal to P2 during extrusion step and P is equal to zero (0) when the pressure Pl required for the extrusion exceeds a predetermined maximum value Pm.
  • the pressure P2 may be maintained equal to Pm during the extrusion step may be made equal to zero (0) when the pressure P1 exceeds the pressure Pm.
  • peripheral wall 1 Outer diameter of peripheral wall 1 46.0 mm Inner diameter of peripheral wall I 40.0 mm Height of peripheral wall I 10.0 mm Lateral width of vane 2 1.6 mm Diameter of central opening 4 l0.0 mm,
  • the upper punch 11 has a downward movement of about 3.4 mm with downward pressure of I50 tons with a result that a semi-finished article b has a peripheral wall 1 of 10.0 mm in height or axial dimension and a bottom wall 5 of 2.1 mm in thickness. It has been found that any further increase in the downward pressure on the upper punch 11 is hardly be able to further proceed with the extrusion. Stated in other words, the extruding operation alone is insufficient to punch the bottom wall 5.
  • the upward pressure force is removed from the lower punch 12 so that the same is allowed to be moved or retracted downwardly to bring the process into a transition to a next step of subjecting the bottom wall to shearing.
  • the upper punch ll is immediately moved downwardly until the bottom face of the upper punch 11 is reached by the top face of the punching die 14 so that the above-mentioned bottom wall 5 of 2.1 mm thickness is punched out of the semi-finished article b.
  • the punching operation does not decrease the accuracy in the dimension of the vanes 2.
  • the upper end faces of the peripheral wall 1 and the vanes 2 formed by the rearward extrusion are subjected to a shaping or flattening by the flat surface of the shoulder 11d of the upper punch to thereby provide a finished product or magnetron anode.
  • the bottom wall to be punched can have a reduced thickness, solving the problem of the ratio of lateral width relative to height, and minimizing loss of material;
  • the present invention provides greater industrial advantages when applied to the manufacture of an article having a peripheral wall and a plurality of integral thin-walled portions extending inwardly therefrom, such as a magnetron anode, for example.
  • a method of manufacturing by a pressing operation an article having a cylindrical peripheral wall and integral thin-walled portions inwardly thereof comprising the steps of, in a first portion of a single stroke of the pressing operation, rearward-extruding a blank of a circular sheet material by means of a both opened ended female die and a male die comprising one punch formed with a plurality of radially extending grooves and the other punch formed with the same grooves as said one punch, to form a semifinished article having a cylindrical peripheral wall with a plurality of thin-walled portions on its inner surface corresponding to the grooves of said male punch and a thin bottom wall connected with one end of said peripheral wall and integrally with said thin-walled portions, and, in a second portion of the single stroke of the pressing operation, subjecting said bottom wall to a precise shearing to cause the same to be punched out of said semifinished article in succession to said rearward-extruding step in the single stroke of the pressing operation.
  • a method of manufacturing by a pressing operation a magnetron anode comprising the steps of, in a first portion of a single stroke of the pressing operation, rearward-extruding a blank of a circular sheet of copper by means of a both opened ended female die and a male die comprising one punch formed with a plurality of radially and axially extending grooves and the other punch formed with the same grooves as said one punch, to form a semifinished article having a cylindrical peripheral wall with a plurality of thin-walled portions on its inner surface corresponding to the grooves of said male punch and a thin bottom wall connected with one end of said peripheral wall and integrally with said thin-walled portions, and, in a second portion of the single stroke of the pressing operation, subjecting said bottom wall to a precise shearing to cause the same to be punched out of said semifinished article whereby said semifinished article is punched out, being sandwiched between said one punch and said other punch in succession to said rearward-extruding step in the single stroke of the
  • a method of manufacturing by a pressing operation an article having a cylindrical peripheral wall and integral thin-walled portions inwardly thereof comprising the steps of initially driving a punch means in a first direction against a blank of circular sheet material arranged in die means to rearwardly extrude the blank and form a semifinished article having a cylindrical peripheral wall with a plurality of thinwalled portions on its inner surface and a thin bottom wall integrally connected with the peripheral wall and the thin-walled portions, and then driving the punch means in the first direction against the semifinished article for subjecting the bottom wall to shearing and punching the bottom wall from the semifinished article such that a finished article having a peripheral wall and integral thin-walled portions inwardly thereofis formed in a single stroke of the pressing operation.
  • the punch means includes a first punch formed with a plurality of radially and axially extending grooves and another punch formed with the same grooves as the first punch, further including the steps of positioning the first and second punches in facing relation for cooperation with the dies, driving the first punch toward the second punch while maintaining the second punch in a first position with respect to the dies for rearwardly extruding the blank to form the semifinished article, then driving the first punch means towards the second punch and permitting the second punch to move in the same direction as the first punch to subject the semifinished article to shearing to punch the bottom wall which is sandwiched between the first and second punches from the semifinished article to operation.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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US00131893A 1970-04-10 1971-04-07 Method of manufacturing an article having a cylindrical peripheral wall and integral thin-walled portions inwardly thereof Expired - Lifetime US3719068A (en)

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JP45030188A JPS4947625B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-04-10 1970-04-10

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US (1) US3719068A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4947625B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2116801A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1323370A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3861191A (en) * 1971-11-22 1975-01-21 Hitachi Ltd Method of manufacturing an article having a peripheral wall and integral thin-walled portions extending radially inwardly therefrom
US4341106A (en) * 1977-04-13 1982-07-27 Gleason Works Apparatus for controlling the movement of a reciprocatory hydraulically driven element of a metal forming machine
US5295390A (en) * 1990-05-25 1994-03-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Method of burring
WO1996011640A1 (en) * 1994-10-13 1996-04-25 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Obturator with internal tip protector
CN102699085A (zh) * 2012-06-01 2012-10-03 北京理工大学 双反挤压制备led散热托架

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL8302439A (nl) * 1983-07-08 1985-02-01 Philips Nv Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een golfgeleiderfilter, alsmede een golfgeleiderfilter vervaardigd volgens die werkwijze.

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1482697A (en) * 1922-02-24 1924-02-05 Henderson B Douglas Method of forming drawbar yokes
GB677779A (en) * 1949-05-20 1952-08-20 Hoover Ltd Improvements relating to the manufacture of commutators for dynamo-electric machines

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1482697A (en) * 1922-02-24 1924-02-05 Henderson B Douglas Method of forming drawbar yokes
GB677779A (en) * 1949-05-20 1952-08-20 Hoover Ltd Improvements relating to the manufacture of commutators for dynamo-electric machines

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3861191A (en) * 1971-11-22 1975-01-21 Hitachi Ltd Method of manufacturing an article having a peripheral wall and integral thin-walled portions extending radially inwardly therefrom
US4341106A (en) * 1977-04-13 1982-07-27 Gleason Works Apparatus for controlling the movement of a reciprocatory hydraulically driven element of a metal forming machine
US5295390A (en) * 1990-05-25 1994-03-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Method of burring
WO1996011640A1 (en) * 1994-10-13 1996-04-25 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Obturator with internal tip protector
EP0785756A4 (en) * 1994-10-13 1998-01-14 Applied Med Resources CLOSURE WITH AN INNER ORAL PROTECTOR
CN102699085A (zh) * 2012-06-01 2012-10-03 北京理工大学 双反挤压制备led散热托架

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DE2116801A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-10-28
GB1323370A (en) 1973-07-11
JPS4947625B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-17

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