US3718173A - Method of removing alumina scum from a continuous-casting mold - Google Patents
Method of removing alumina scum from a continuous-casting mold Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3718173A US3718173A US00175331A US3718173DA US3718173A US 3718173 A US3718173 A US 3718173A US 00175331 A US00175331 A US 00175331A US 3718173D A US3718173D A US 3718173DA US 3718173 A US3718173 A US 3718173A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- calcium
- mold
- calcium carbide
- added
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000005997 Calcium carbide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-[2-[2-[2-[bis[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-bromophenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methyl-n-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]anilino]acetate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=C(Br)C=2)N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000600 Ba alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000655 Killed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NCJRLCWABWKAGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ca].[Ba] Chemical compound [Si].[Ca].[Ba] NCJRLCWABWKAGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001996 bearing alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/076—Use of slags or fluxes as treating agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/111—Treating the molten metal by using protecting powders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- scum When aluminumkilled steel is being continuously cast, nonmetallic particles accumulate atop the molten steel in the mold. This accumulation of non-metallics on the surface of steel is termed scum.
- the scum usually consists of macroscopic alumina particles on liquid steel. Frozen steel on the top surface of molten metal, with or without entrapped nonmetallics, is known as skull. Often skimmings from the mold surface are essentially steel with only a few macroscopic particles of alumina. There are a few clusters of alumina within the metal in the skull but the original surface skull layer consists of fine alumina particles in steel and this dispersion approaches a cermet in form. Fine oxides dispersed in metal are termed cermet.
- the surface (cermet) layer As soon as the surface layer of steel in the mold becomes sufficiently saturated with M particles to form the cermet layer, the surface (cermet) layer is stabilized, the viscosity is greatly increased, and, as heat is dissipated to the water-cooled copper mold above the surface of the liquid, the thin crust of metal freezes. Once frozen, the thickness of the cnist increases because heat continues to be dissipated from the surface. It is at this stage that the scum, as well as the metal crust, may become entrapped in the skin of the slab to form a breakout or an internal defect in the steel.
- One method of casting in which the formation of mold scum is controlled is teeming with a special submerged nozzle and, while casting, covering the steel with a low-melting mixture of lime, fluorides and bora tes to combine with the alumina particles. How ever, some of this mixture usually becomes entrapped beneath the skin of the slab and, when rolled, the product usually shows seams. This condition is also intolerable.
- I prevent alumina particles from forming a stable cermet layer in the mold by continuously feeding a small amount of calcium carbide to the molten steel in the tundish.
- I add from oneeighth to 2 pounds of calcium carbide per ton of steel teemed into the tundish. The addition is preferably made at the point where the stream enters the molten metal pool in the tundish.
- the calcium carbide is pulled under the surface and moved turbulently throughout the tundish where it reacts with alumina in the steel. Calcium oxidizes to form calcium oxide, which unites with the alumina particles to form a calcium aluminate.
- the calcium carbide can be added to the mold at a position adjacent to that at which the metal stream enters the mold. It can alternatively be added in the tundish above the tundish nozzle or the molten metal stream feeding the mold. Additions at these positions will cause the calcium ions to deoxidize the steel and to flux alumina particles that may be in the steel at either position or which forms in the steel because of the aluminum content and the oxygen content of the steel.
- My usual calcium carbide addition is from oneeighth to two-thirds pounds per ton of steel, but a larger addition is required when the steel is highly oxidized or where the tundish stream is ragged or excessively turbulent. Then up to two pounds of calcium carbide per ton of steel may be added. When more than one-fourth pound of calcium carbide per ton is to be added, it is desirable to have a lower than normal carbon content in the ladle.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US17533171A | 1971-08-26 | 1971-08-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3718173A true US3718173A (en) | 1973-02-27 |
Family
ID=22639868
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00175331A Expired - Lifetime US3718173A (en) | 1971-08-26 | 1971-08-26 | Method of removing alumina scum from a continuous-casting mold |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3718173A (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS4831133A (de) |
| AR (1) | AR193289A1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU4587572A (de) |
| BE (1) | BE787920A (de) |
| BR (1) | BR7205843D0 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE2241876A1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2150485A1 (de) |
| IT (1) | IT965131B (de) |
| NL (1) | NL7211506A (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA725774B (de) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4233065A (en) * | 1978-12-08 | 1980-11-11 | Foote Mineral Company | Effective boron alloying additive for continuous casting fine grain boron steels |
| USRE31676E (en) | 1982-09-29 | 1984-09-18 | Thyssen Aktiengesellschaft vorm August Thyssen-Hutte AG | Method and apparatus for dispensing a fluidizable solid from a pressure vessel |
| CN110586887A (zh) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-20 | 青岛特殊钢铁有限公司 | 一种适合于高铝中低碳冷镦钢的连铸开浇方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5121544U (de) * | 1974-07-20 | 1976-02-17 | ||
| FR2445378A1 (fr) * | 1978-12-26 | 1980-07-25 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Procede de traitement de masses d'acier en fusion pendant la coulee |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3052936A (en) * | 1956-10-01 | 1962-09-11 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Method of continuously casting metals |
-
0
- BE BE787920D patent/BE787920A/xx unknown
-
1971
- 1971-08-26 US US00175331A patent/US3718173A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-08-22 ZA ZA725774A patent/ZA725774B/xx unknown
- 1972-08-23 NL NL7211506A patent/NL7211506A/xx unknown
- 1972-08-23 AU AU45875/72A patent/AU4587572A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-08-24 FR FR7230160A patent/FR2150485A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1972-08-25 BR BR005843/72A patent/BR7205843D0/pt unknown
- 1972-08-25 IT IT69746/72A patent/IT965131B/it active
- 1972-08-25 DE DE2241876A patent/DE2241876A1/de active Pending
- 1972-08-25 AR AR243746A patent/AR193289A1/es active
- 1972-08-26 JP JP47085780A patent/JPS4831133A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3052936A (en) * | 1956-10-01 | 1962-09-11 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Method of continuously casting metals |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4233065A (en) * | 1978-12-08 | 1980-11-11 | Foote Mineral Company | Effective boron alloying additive for continuous casting fine grain boron steels |
| USRE31676E (en) | 1982-09-29 | 1984-09-18 | Thyssen Aktiengesellschaft vorm August Thyssen-Hutte AG | Method and apparatus for dispensing a fluidizable solid from a pressure vessel |
| CN110586887A (zh) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-20 | 青岛特殊钢铁有限公司 | 一种适合于高铝中低碳冷镦钢的连铸开浇方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR7205843D0 (pt) | 1973-07-24 |
| NL7211506A (de) | 1973-02-28 |
| JPS4831133A (de) | 1973-04-24 |
| AR193289A1 (es) | 1973-04-11 |
| ZA725774B (en) | 1973-09-26 |
| IT965131B (it) | 1974-01-31 |
| DE2241876A1 (de) | 1973-03-01 |
| FR2150485A1 (de) | 1973-04-06 |
| BE787920A (fr) | 1973-02-23 |
| AU4587572A (en) | 1974-02-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: USX CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE, STATELESS Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION (MERGED INTO);REEL/FRAME:005060/0960 Effective date: 19880112 |