US3661293A - Rectangular freight container for international combined traffic, particularly for flowable bulk goods - Google Patents

Rectangular freight container for international combined traffic, particularly for flowable bulk goods Download PDF

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Publication number
US3661293A
US3661293A US802391A US3661293DA US3661293A US 3661293 A US3661293 A US 3661293A US 802391 A US802391 A US 802391A US 3661293D A US3661293D A US 3661293DA US 3661293 A US3661293 A US 3661293A
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United States
Prior art keywords
transcontainer
frame
tank
rectangular
wall panels
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Expired - Lifetime
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US802391A
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English (en)
Inventor
Helmut Gerhard
Hans-Helmut Reichmann
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WESTERWALDER EISENWERK DR PAUL
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WESTERWALDER EISENWERK DR PAUL
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Publication date
Priority claimed from DEW41737U external-priority patent/DE1987638U/de
Priority claimed from DE19681808755 external-priority patent/DE1808755C3/de
Application filed by WESTERWALDER EISENWERK DR PAUL filed Critical WESTERWALDER EISENWERK DR PAUL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/02—Large containers rigid
    • B65D88/12—Large containers rigid specially adapted for transport
    • B65D88/128—Large containers rigid specially adapted for transport tank containers, i.e. containers provided with supporting devices for handling

Definitions

  • transcontainer for international combined traffic (hereinafter referred to as transcontainer" or briefly as container”), designed particularly for flowable bulk goods.
  • the main advantage of the container transport of piece goods consists in dispensing with transloading work in ports, railway yards and lorry transloading terminals, since the containers as a whole can be loaded as units in a very short time without intermediate transport or storage of the goods contained therein and without having to touch the plurality of individual freight pieces.
  • a rectangular shape I is preferable since when loading a liquid having the metric specific weight of l the utilization of a square standard crosssection of 2,435 X 2,435 mm (8 feet X 8 feet) would exceed the trackloads permitted for the actual standard lengths for which the standardized loading equipment in ports and other trans-loading places are provided.
  • liquid transcontainers Even considerably exceed the known advantages of normal piece good containers. Normally transcontainers having a single chamber will be used for a uniform liquid charge. Accordingly liquid transcontainers with their contents can be deposited at their destination as storage tanks, in exchange for corresponding empty transcontainers. The construction of special storage containers on the site is no longer required.
  • transcontainers for fuel and other liquids permits the use of the same motor vehicles as can be used also for the transport of other containers and loads.
  • shipping and forwarding operators can transport solid or liquid goods according to requirements by the aid of liquid trans-containers with the use of the same vehicle.
  • the known liquid containers comprising a cylindrical or oval liquid tank mounted in a square or rectangular piece goods container have, however, inter alia the disadvantage that the container space is not fully exploited since unused wedge shaped spaces remain empty at the eight corners outside the arcuate wall portions enclosing the liquid tank.
  • the unused space is further increased by the spacing required between the outer boundaries of the container and the extreme points of the cylindrical or oval tank body. Thus 40 to 50 percent of the total volume available remain unused.
  • Such constructions may be based on the experience gained hitherto in the construction of stationary self-supporting boxshaped liquid tanks.
  • the stability of the walls has an importance which exceeds that of stationary rectangular tanks.
  • the internal surfaces should be as smooth as possible, in order to allow easy discharging, cleaning and disinfection while avoiding points of corrosion attack.
  • the invention has accordingly the object of providing a rectangular freight transcontainer complying with international standards, for flowable goods, comprising a frame closed in itself consisting of profiled sections, and a tank liquid-tight on all sides, wherein the space available within the prescribed dimensions is better exploited than hitherto, and wherein at the same time the conditions set forth hereinabove can be fulfilled.
  • a transcontainer in that outwardly cambered part-cylindrical wall elements are connected to a frame in such a manner that they form together with the latter a box girder which is liquid-tight and resistant to bending and twisting and offers great safety against buckling, and that the required connections and fittings of the access openings of the transcontainer are accommodated within the contours of the said frame.
  • the frame and the wall elements of the liquid tank are integrated into a unit which can withstand the two main stresses suffered by a freight container for flowable goods simultaneously.
  • One of these stresses results from externally applied substantially static hoisting and support reaction forces, and the other from the substantially dynamic inertia forces originating from the contents of the container.
  • the frame members as well as the wall elements are used, these two kinds of components mutually assisting each other.
  • liquids covers in this context all flowable goods of every description such as flour, cement and the like.
  • the profiled sections of the frame extend at right angles to the axes of curvature of the associated wall elements, at least on those faces thereof which are adjacent to curved edges of said wall elements.
  • the curved edges of the wall elements thus meet everywhere corresponding external faces of the frame sections, so that nowhere wall elements of different camber can meet one another. Consequently the loading space has no acute angles or wedges. Thus faultless cleaning and internal coating are made possible.
  • the frame sections are accordingly made preferably as angular profiles of open or closed cross-section, at least so far as they do not run parallel to the axis of curvature of the cambered wall elements.
  • closed cross-sections they may be used at the same time for heating the contents of the container.
  • the frame is preferably composed of four corner struts resistant to buckling and capable of taking the stacking load, and of two upper and two lower longitudinal and transverse beams. Eight comer fittings of cast steel form the junctions of the longitudinal and transverse beams with the corner struts meeting them there.
  • the longitudinal beams are additionally connected horizontally by intennediate transverse beams and vertically by internal struts.
  • outwardly cambered wall elements are welded, which considerably increase the section modulus thereof in both axial directions and the stiffness thereof.
  • Major bays are reinforced by additional stiffeners.
  • the bottom of the container preferably consists of cambered troughs arranged in one or more steps descending towards the sole line and resting on longitudinal bottom stiffeners.
  • the internal partitions are interrupted at sole level to allow complete discharge of any remnants.
  • the arcs of curvature of the cambered bottom elements may be positioned transversely of the longitudinal axis of the container. In this case the otherwise convenient chamfering of the lower transverse beams for establishing a slide chute surface may be dispensed with.
  • the ceiling consists of several trough-shaped wall elements cambered in the longitudinal or transverse direction, the shape of which safeguards a reserve volume for thermal expansion during transport.
  • the manhole required for entering into and for cleaning the interior of the container is provided with a lid, which in contrast to known constructions is cambered inwardly. Consequently it does not protrude beyond the frame contour, and moreover devices for regulating, airing and venting, for measuring etc. may be arranged in the hollow of the lid. Moreover, the internal camber of the manhole lid serves to a limited extent as a spill tray.
  • the discharge ports and their valves are preferably arranged in a re-entrant portion of an end wall of the container.
  • oblique guide plates may be provided in the regions of the lower transverse beams and of the end walls, which lead to the discharge opening and prevent the formation of dead corners.
  • the material for the wall elements particularly stainless chromium-nickel steel alloys are in consideration because of their corrosion resistance.
  • the frame sections are not in contact with the charge, they may be constructed of less expensive carbon steel. If desired, the frame sections may be covered on their faces inside the container with stainless steel sheets. Alternatively coating with synthetic substances is possible. Also light metal alloys are in consideration as materials for the frame sections and wall elements.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective illustration of a preferred embodiment of the transcontainer according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section thereof on the line A-B of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a corresponding cross-section of a slightly modified embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial horizontal section on the line C-D of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial vertical section on the line E-F of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a section on a larger scale of the discharge device.
  • FIG. 7 is a section on a larger scale of the lid of the manhole.
  • FIG. 8 and 9 show details of the connections between struts and wall elements.
  • FIG. 10 shows a modification for the transport of flowable solid bulk goods.
  • FIGS. 11 to 14 show various embodiments of strut constructions.
  • FIGS. 15 to 19 show various possible connections. between wall elements.
  • the transcontainer for flowable goods illustrated in FIGS. I to 7 comprises a closed frame consisting of four comer struts 1 taking the stacking load and resistant to buckling, two lower transverse beams 2, two upper transverse beams 3, two lower longitudinal beams 4 and two upper longitudinal beams 5.
  • Eight comer fittings 6 conforming to the international standards ISO-TC 104 are made of cast steel; they serve for hoisting and anchoring the transcontainer and form the junctions of the longitudinal and transverse beams with the vertical comer struts meeting one another there.
  • the longitudinal beams 4, 5 are additionally connected horizontally by lower intermediate beams 7 and upper intermediate beams 8, and vertically by intermediate struts 9.
  • the struts and beams are formed in the embodiment illustrated by hollow profiles of substantially rectangular crosssection; however, the lower longitudinal beams 4 are provided on their outer lower edges with recesses 10, so that these beams have inverted L-profiles, so as to allow transport by portal lifting trucks engaging them there.
  • the struts and beams may be at least partially open or closed profiles of non-rectangular cross-section.
  • the comer struts 11 according to FIG. 11 consist of an open profile of angular cross-section; in FIG. 12 the corner strut 12 is a profile of circular cross-section; and in FIG. I3 the comer strut is a profile of semi-circular cross-section 13 with stifiening extensions I4, while in FIG. 14 the comer strut 15 is a profile of triangular cross-section.
  • intermediate struts may have profiles 16 of circular cross-section in accordance with FIGS. 17 and 18, or profiles of angular crosssection 17 in accordance with FIG. 19.
  • Outwardly cambered wall elements 18 are welded to the struts and beams of the frame, so as to increase considerably the section modulus thereof in both main directions of the wall and the stiffness of the assembly.
  • the axes of curvature of the wall elements on the side and end walls are preferably positioned vertically and those of the wall elements of the ceiling of the container extend preferably in the longitudinal direction of the container.
  • Each wall element is surrounded from all sides by frame elements (struts and beams), the axes of curvature of all the wall elements being positioned at right angles to the curved edges of the adjacent wall elements and to the adjoining faces of the frame profiles. Accordingly nowhere will elements cambered in different directions meet one another, a frame element being always arranged between any such wall elements.
  • Major wall elements 18 are reinforced by additional stiffeners.
  • the latter consist in the preferred embodiment of U-profile sections 19 welded on from outside. Instead, they may consist in accordance with FIGS. and 16 of arcuate portions of smaller radii of curvature formed integral with the wall elements, namely either in accordance with FIG. 15 of arcs 20 having their axes of curvature outside the container or in accordance with FIG. 16 of arcs 21 the axes of curvature of which lie inside the container.
  • profiles of circular or angular cross-section similar to FIGS. 18 and 19 or of any other cross-section may be welded as stiffeners to the wall elements.
  • additional stiffening of the comer struts may be effected by integral angular or arcuate flanges 22, as shown in FIG. 11.
  • the adjoining flanges are in this case welded to each other at 23.
  • the wall elements are in general butt-welded to the frame elements.
  • the wall elements can then be prefabricated and mounted individually or in sectional construction.
  • a whole wall may consist of continuous steel sheet panels 13 cambered outwardly in sections, to each of which supporting stiffeners are welded from outside. This manner of construction has the advantage of simplified protection from corrosion.
  • the wall elements 18 may be joined seamlessly also on the edges of the container as shown in FIG. 13 at 23. 7
  • the ceiling of the transcontainer consists in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. land 2 of three identical wall elements 18, cambered about the longitudinal directions and reinforced by two stiffeners 25. By this shape a volume reserve is afforded for thermal expansion during the transport of a full container.
  • the intermediate beams 8 are provided with cutouts 26 for equalization of pressure.
  • the bottom of the container consists in the embodiment of FIG. 2 of two cambered wall elements 27 descending in two steps towards the sole level and resting on two longitudinal bottom stiffeners 28.
  • These bottom stiffeners 28 likewise consist in the present embodiment of U-profile sections welded to the wall elements from outside. These bottom stiffeners may, if desired, be used for heating the contents of the container (like the other stiffeners and hollow profiles of the frame).
  • the transverse intermediate beams 7 of the frame are cut out at 29 at sole level for allowing complete discharge of any remnants.
  • camber and the number of the cambered wall elements as well as of the stiffeners on the ceiling and bottom may vary.
  • the bottom and ceiling of the container consist in singly cambered wall elements 27a and 18a, respectively.
  • the longitudinal wall stiffeners may be dispensed with.
  • the cambered wall elements of the bottom may be reinforced by welding on one or several tension straps 52 to the circumference of the camber.
  • the axes of curvature of the bottom elements have to lie parallel to the longitudinal axis of the container for the purpose of allowing discharging without remnants.
  • the axes of curvature of the bottom wall elements transversely of the longitudinal axis of the container.
  • transverse ribs may be provided on the bottom for engagement by fork-lift trucks.
  • the frame elements may be made of less expensive carbon steel provided they are not in contact with the goods of the charge. In order to protect the portions of the frame elements facing towards the interior of the container from corrosion these portions may be made of stainless steel; for example in FIG. 3 the comer support 1 is composed of an outer angular profile 31 of carbon steel and an inner angular profile 32 of stainless steel which are welded to each other at their corners.
  • the wall elements 18, likewise consisting of stainless steel, are then welded to the inner angular profile 32.
  • the corresponding portions of frame elements consisting of carbon steel may be covered with stainless steel sheet. For example in FIG.
  • the comer strut 1 consists of a hollow profile of rectangular cross-section of carbon steel, and the stainless steel wall elements 18 abut flanges 33 likewise consisting of stainless steel, which extend to the inner corner of the corner strut 1 and are welded to each other there.
  • the openings required for entering and cleaning the interior and the fittings for discharging, filling, warming or cooling or for measuring are arranged, for optimum utilization of space and for protection from being damaged, on reentrant portions of the wall faces or in the comers of the transcontainer.
  • a recess 34 of a semi-cylindrical or cambered shape corresponding to the internal pressure is provided on an end wall of the container for accommodating a fitting for the filling and discharging of the container, which fitting comprises a fillingand dischargingsocket 35 on the lower part of the end wall, to which socket a cock 36 with hose coupling 37 is screwed.
  • the hose coupling 37 is accessible through a corresponding opening 38 in the lower transverse beam 2 of the container.
  • the lid of the manhole is likewise so constructed that it occupies as little space as possible and can be sealed in a simple way by customs offices.
  • the lid 39 is cambered inwardly and is provided with suitable sockets 40, 41 for airing and venting and for safety valves 42.
  • the lid rests, with a seal 43 interposed, on the upper edge of a short manhole socket 44, which has to be made only high enough to afford space to the attachment means 45, 46.
  • the ceiling 47 is somewhat recessed in the surroundings of the manhole, as shown in FIG. 5, so that the upper edge of the lid of the manhole does not lie at a higher level than the beams 3 and 8 of the frame.
  • the lid and the fittings mounted in the hollow thereof are closed by a fiat plate 48 and thus secured against being tampered with. In the hollow of the lid there could collect any liquid leaked from the valves.
  • a larger outlet port 49 (FIG. 10) is to be provided in the recess 34, and the transcontainer may be emptied preferably by tipping.
  • oblique guide plates 50 are fitted on both sides of the outlet port and if desired in the reg'on of the lower transverse beams.
  • a rectangular transcontainer for fiowable goods provided with corner fittings for stacking and lifting, comprising a rectangular outer frame having profiled frame members, said frame comprising vertical struts and horizontal beams subdividing the wall faces of the transcontainer into individual bays, each bay containing one part-cylindrical outwardly cambered wall panel connected to said frame members so as to form unitarily therewith a liquid-tight tank resistant to bending, twisting and buckling, openings for access to the interior of said tank located within the frame contour, and wherein several adjacent wall panels consist of a continuous steel sheet strip outwardly cambered section-wise and attached to said struts from the inside.
  • a rectangular transcontainer for fiowable goods provided with corner fittings for stacking and lifting, comprising a rectangular outer frame having profiled frame members, said frame comprising vertical struts and horizontal beams subdividing the wall faces of the transcontainer into individual bays, each bay containing one part-cylindrical outwardly cambered wall panel connected to said frame members so as to form unitarily therewith a liquid-tight tank resistant to bending, twisting and buckling, openings for access to the interior of said tank located within the frame contour, stiffeners attached to said wall panels from the outside for reinforcing major bays of the wall panels, and wherein said stiffeners and associated panels form hollow passages and are provided with connections for heating contents of the transcontainer.
  • a rectangular transcontainer for fiowable goods provided with corner fittings for stacking and lifting, comprising a rectangular outer frame having profiled frame members, partcylindrical outwardly cambered wall panels connected to said frame members so as to form unitarily therewith a liquid-tight tank resistant to bending, twisting and buckling, openings for access to the interior of said tank located within the frame contour, and wherein the cambered wall panels at the bottom of said tank are reinforced by curved tension straps.
  • a rectangular transcontainer for flowable goods provided with corner fittings for stacking and lifting, comprising a rectangular outer frame consisting of frame members, partcylindrical outwardly cambered panels connected to the frame members to form unitarily therewith a tank for the fiowable goods in the form of a rectangular box girder resistant to bending, twisting and buckling, openings for access to the interior of said tank, and covers for the openings located within the frame contours, wherein some said cambered wall panels have margin portions with smaller radii of curvature than those of their camber and extending into the interior of said transcontainer.
  • a rectangular transcontainer for fiowable goods provided with corner fittings for stacking and lifting, comprising a rectangular outer frame having profiled frame members, said frame comprising vertical struts and horizontal beams subdividing the wall faces of the transcontainer into individual bays, each bay containing one part-cylindrical outwardly cambered wall panel connected to said frame members so as to form unitarily therewith a liquid-tight tank resistant to bending, twisting and buckling, openings for access to the interior of said tank located within the frame contour, guide plates leading obliquely towards a discharge port of said transcontainer in order to facilitate the discharging of fiowable goods of solid bulk type.
  • a rectangular transcontainer for fiowable goods provided with corner fittings for stacking and lifting, comprising a rectangular outer frame consisting of frame members, partcylindrical outwardly cambered wall panels connected to the frame members to form unitarily therewith a tank for the fiowable goods in the form of a rectangular box girder resistant to bending, twisting, and buckling, openings for access to the interior of said tank, and covers for said openings located within the frame contours, wherein a recess is arranged in an end wall of the tank and a hole is provided in a juxtapositioned lower transverse beam, and a filling and discharge socket is mounted on said end wall in said recess and a hose coupling attached to said socket, through which hole the hose coupling is accessible from the outside.
  • a rectangular transcontainer for fiowable goods provided with comer fittings for stacking and lifting comprising a rectangular outer frame having profiled frame members, said frame comprising vertical struts and horizontal beams subdividing the wall faces of the transcontainer into individual bays, each bay containing one part-cylindrical outwardly cambered wall panel connected to said frame members so as to form unitarily therewith a liquid-tight tank resistant to bending, twisting and buckling, openings for access to the interior of said tank located within the frame contour, and said frame members are hollow and are of substantially rectangular crosssections.
  • a rectangular transcontainer for fiowable goods provided with corner fittings for stacking and lifting, comprising a rectangular outer frame consisting of frame members, partcylindrical outwardly cambered panels connected to the frame members to form unitarily therewith a tank for the fiowable goods in the form of a rectangular box girder resistant to bending, twisting and buckling, openings for access to the interior of said tank, and covers for the openings located within the frame contours, wherein the bottom of the tank comprises cambered wall panels descending step-wise from horizontal lower beams of said frame to the sole level of said transcontainer and resting on longitudinal bottom stiffeners.
  • a rectangular transcontainer for flowable goods provided with comer fittings for stacking and lifting, comprising a rectangular outer frame consisting of frame members, partcylindrical outwardly cambered panels connected to the frame members to form unitarily therewith a tank for the flowable goods in the form of a rectangular box girder resistant to bending, twisting and buckling, openings for access to the interior of said tank, and covers for the openings located within the frame contours, comprising a manhole socket on top of said transcontainer, an inwardly cambered lid mounted tightly on said socket, and a pressure relief valve and safety valve member mounted in the hollow of said lid.
  • a rectangular transcontainer for fiowable goods provided with comer fittings for stacking and lifting, comprising a rectangular outer frame having profiled frame members, two end walls, two side walls, a top wall, a bottom wall, vertical struts connected to said outer frame and spaced to sub-divide the side walls into individual bays, each bay containing a partcylindrical outwardly cambered wall panel, each of said wall panels presenting a concave surface to the interior of the transcontainer and a convex surface to the exterior thereof, said wall panels being connected to the frame members and the vertical struts to form unitarily therewith a liquid-tight tank resistant to bending, twisting and buckling, at least one selectively closable opening for access to the interior of said tank, and the outermost extent of the wall panels and the at least one opening being all within the contour defined by the rectangular outer frame.
  • transcontainer as claimed in claim 13, wherein transverse external ribs are provided at the wall panels at the bottom ofsaid tank for engagement by a fork-lift truck.
  • a transcontainer as claimed in claim 13, comprising surge baffles arranged in the interior of said container.
  • end walls each comprise a plurality of part-cylindrical outwardly cambered wall panels, said wall panels being contained in individual bays formed in part by vertical struts connected to the outer frame.
  • top and bottom walls each comprise a plurality of part-cylindrical outwardly cambered wall panels, said wall panels being contained in individual bays formed in part by horizontal beams connected to the outer frame, and wherein said wall panels are also connected to said horizontal beams.
  • a transcontainer as claimed in claim 26, comprising partition walls arranged between inten-nediate beams and intermediate struts.
  • top and bottom walls each comprise a plurality of part-cylindrical outwardly cambered wall panels, said wall panels being contained in individual bays formed in part by horizontal beams connected to the outer frame, and wherein said wall panels are also connected to said horizontal beams.
  • a transcontainer as claimed in claim 32 wherein upper transverse intermediate beams are disposed perpendicularly to said horizontal beams, said intermediate beams being connected to said wall panels and said outer frame, and wherein holes are provided in said intermediate beams.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
US802391A 1968-02-27 1969-02-26 Rectangular freight container for international combined traffic, particularly for flowable bulk goods Expired - Lifetime US3661293A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEW41737U DE1987638U (de) 1968-02-27 1968-02-27 Fluessigkeitsfrachtbehaelter.
DE19681808755 DE1808755C3 (de) 1968-11-14 Rechteckiger Frachtbehälter zum Befördern fließfähiger Güter im kombinierten See-Land-Verkehr

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US3661293A true US3661293A (en) 1972-05-09

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US802391A Expired - Lifetime US3661293A (en) 1968-02-27 1969-02-26 Rectangular freight container for international combined traffic, particularly for flowable bulk goods

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US (1) US3661293A (xx)
JP (1) JPS521122B1 (xx)
BE (1) BE728427A (xx)
DK (1) DK129086B (xx)
FR (1) FR2002660A1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1234724A (xx)
NL (1) NL6902918A (xx)
NO (1) NO129039B (xx)
SE (1) SE347936B (xx)

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NO129039B (xx) 1974-02-18
NL6902918A (xx) 1969-08-29
BE728427A (xx) 1969-07-16
GB1234724A (en) 1971-06-09
JPS521122B1 (xx) 1977-01-12
FR2002660A1 (xx) 1969-10-31
SE347936B (xx) 1972-08-21
DK129086C (xx) 1975-02-24
DK129086B (da) 1974-08-19

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