US3659978A - Flexible scaffold for supporting sliding molds or climbing molds used for the erection of concrete structures - Google Patents

Flexible scaffold for supporting sliding molds or climbing molds used for the erection of concrete structures Download PDF

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US3659978A
US3659978A US69379A US3659978DA US3659978A US 3659978 A US3659978 A US 3659978A US 69379 A US69379 A US 69379A US 3659978D A US3659978D A US 3659978DA US 3659978 A US3659978 A US 3659978A
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mold
scaffold
scaffold system
spoke
horizontal
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US69379A
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Sven-Erik Vilhelm Svensson
Erno Jozef Thoma
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
    • E04G11/20—Movable forms; Movable forms for moulding cylindrical, conical or hyperbolical structures; Templates serving as forms for positioning blocks or the like
    • E04G11/22—Sliding forms raised continuously or step-by-step and being in contact with the poured concrete during raising and which are not anchored in the hardened concrete; Arrangements of lifting means therefor

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A sliding or climbing mold for the erection of concrete structures the horizontal cross-section of which varies vertically comprises a scaffold system composed by a plurality of flexible scaffold units. Each such unit consists of two pivotably interconnected and intersecting rods or the like separated by yokes supporting the mold. First and second hydraulic jacks acting in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively, accomplish the vertical movement of the scaffold system and contribute to the change of the horizontal size thereof.
  • a spoke assembly connected to the scaffold system and comprising substantially radially and horizontally located spoke wires is used for variation of the horizontal shape of the scaffold system.
  • a number of replaceable templets are designed for variation of the horizontal shape of the scaffold system and of the effective length of the spoke wire so as to synchronize the movements in vertical and horizontal direction.
  • any vertical displacement of the scaffold and of the mold shall correspond to a decrease or an increase of the diameter in full agreement with the geometric shape of the concrete structure defined by static calculations.
  • a scaffold of the type here at issue is composed by scaffolding units the number of which vary in different cases in response to the diameter of the concrete structure. The necessary continous modification of a scaffold consisting of such units is considerably facilitated if all the means for effecting that modification, or change, act in the same direction. This is the case e. g.
  • the units are substantially constituted by tworods or frames which are of equal length and in their central point of intersection are pivotably interconnected.
  • the pivot axis is generally substantially horizontal and all of the units, which looked upon individually could be described as having the shape of a pair of scissors, are interconnected to a scaffold assembly of polygonal horizontal cross-section, the interconnection of the units being formed by pivots at the ends of the rods so that the sides of the polygon may be varied by variation of the angle of intersection between the two rods making up any such unit.
  • a scaffold designed in that way the means, or forces, respectively, causing the change of the sides of the scaffold can be arranged to act vertically. It is general practice to have the yokes supporting the sliding mold proper secured at the points of interconnection of the units.
  • the stroke of the hydraulic jacks used for raising the sliding mold is for practical reasons generally limited to a certain constant value. It is then necessary to match the stroke of the hydraulic apparatus acting horizontally, so that the ratio between the two strokes corresponds to the desired slope of the concrete structure.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a scaffold system in which the ratio between the strokes of the means acting horizontally and vertically can be programmed in advance and during progress of the molding operation automatically controlled into agreement with the desired geometric shape of the concrete structure, the scaffold being also, when necessary, in addition thereto subjected to a continously acting biasing force.
  • a special object of the invention is to provide a scafiold system in which the variation of the size of the scaffold and the biasing thereof may be programmed in advance and automatically controlled without any need of changing the strokes of the horizontally acting members while the molding is in progress.
  • the main characteristic of a scaffold system satisfying the objects above accounted for is that the system comprises a spoke assembly connected to the scaffold and constituted by substantially regular and horizontally located spoke wires diverging from a central point, and by means for variation of the horizontal shape of the scaffold and of the effective length of the spoke wires in a predetermined relation to the effective stroke of the force means acting vertically so that the predetermined horizontal cross-section of the concrete structure in difierent vertical levels is automatically obtained.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic vertical section view showing a sliding mold yoke mounted between two scaffold units and provided with a telescope mechanism and a spoke assembly.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic fragmentary top view showing two sliding mold yokes with an intennediate scaffold unit, telescope mechanism and a spoke system.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic vertical view illustrating two sliding mold yokes and an intermediate scaffold unit as viewed from the interior of the concrete structure.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic horizontal section through a crossbearn vertically movable along the yoke and supporting the upper portion of the scafi'old unit.
  • FIG. 5 is a lateral view exemplifying a telescope mechanism.
  • FIG. 6 relates to the same embodiment as shown in FIG. 5 but is a top view.
  • FIGS. 70 73 show different cross-sections through the telescope mechanism taken along lines VIIa through VIIg indicated in FIG. 6.
  • FIGS. 8 12 show the telescope mechanism of FIGS. 5 7 as seen from above and illustrate the racks acting via toothed ratchets on the vertical spindles of the scaffold and the spoke assembly. Also shown is a hydraulic force member connected to the one rack of the telescope mechanism which has been illustrated in difierent operational position defined by programming wedges or templets.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the telescope mechanism in its basic position before any wedges have been mounted.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate the location and operation of the wedges when the force member is exerting a pushing force on the telescope mechanism.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate the case in which the force member is exerting a pulling force on the telescope mechanism.
  • FIGS. 13 15 are diagrammatic views exemplifying vertical cross-sections through concrete structures, FIG. 13 relating to FIGS. 9 and 10, and FIG. 14 to FIGS. 11 and 12.
  • FIG. 15 shows a concrete structure the lower part of which cor responds to FIGS. 9 and 10 whereas its upper part relates to FIGS. 11 and 12.
  • reference numeral 1 relates to a sloping concrete wall erected by means of a sliding mold 2 with a yoke having a pair of vertical legs 3a, a lower fixed cross-beam 3b and an upper fixed cross-beam 30.
  • a movable cross-beam 4 is vertically displaceable along the legs of the yoke by means of sleeves 4a surrounding said legs.
  • the yokes are held in spaced relationship by flexible scaffold units which, according to the embodiment illustrated, are constituted by frames 5a and 5b shaped like pairs of scissors and having their lower ends pivotably connected to the lower fixed cross-beam 3b of the yoke, whereas their upper ends are pivotably connected to the vertically displaceable yoke cross-beam 4.
  • the frames are connected over adjustable brackets 3d and M, respectively.
  • each yoke there are mounted two axially journaled vertical threaded spindles 6 and 7 carrying nuts 6a and 70 secured to the movable crossbeam.
  • spindle 6 At its top end spindle 6 carries a toothed ratchet 6b and, on top of that, a chain wheel 60.
  • spindle 7 At its top end a chain wheel 7c.
  • Those two chain wheels are interconnected by an endless chain 13 provided with a stretching device 13a.
  • the components now described constitute means which upon rotation of spindle 6 displace the movable cross-beam 4 upwards or downwards and, in so doing, alter the vertical positions of the top ends of the scissors 'units connected to that cross-beam whereby those units are laterally shortened or lengthened corresponding to a decrease or an increase of the cross-section of the scafiold system made up by the units.
  • Numeral 8 designates a threaded spindle similar to the ones above described and carrying a nut 8a slidably guided along a vertical rod 3e secured to the two fixed cross-beams of the yoke.
  • Spindle 8 does at its top end carry a toothed ratchet 8b.
  • the radial spoke wires 9 and 10 extend from central points 9:: and 10a and pass via pulleys 1 l vertically upwards along spindle 8.
  • the wires are secured to the nut 84 by means of locking screws 120.
  • At the lower fixed cross-beam 3b there are additional locking screws 12b. Those are necessary for the stepwise movement of the sliding mold in a manner obvious to those skilled in the art.
  • the fixed top cross-beam of the yoke supports a horizontally movable telescope mechanism l4, comprising racks 14a and 15a.
  • Rack 14a is in engagement with the toothed ratchet 6b in which way the scaffold system and rod 15a affect the ratchet 8b and, accordingly, also the spoke assembly.
  • Rack 15a is activated by a force member 16, according to the embodiment shown a hydraulic cylinder, secured to cross-beam 3c and having a piston rod 16b which by bolts 17 is secured to rack 15a.
  • the telescope mechanism does further include the programming wedges, or templets, l8 and 19, the geometrical shapes of which are determined mathematically in response to the actual conditions.
  • the wedges are attached to the movable cross-beam 4, wedge 18 being horizontally movable such as by means of rollers 180, whereas wedge 19 is rigidly secured to the crossbeam.
  • Wedge 18 passes through a slot in the telecope mechanism, whereas wedge 19 is located at the side thereof. Disregarding the height of the concrete structure the height of the wedges does generally not exceed the distance traveled by cross-beam 4 during its vertical movement between its two extreme positions.
  • a hydraulic jack 20 is pivotably connected to the lower fixed cross-beam 3b of the yoke in such a way that the jack and the climbing rod 21 may be adjusted to varying slopes.
  • the slope angle of the tangent through a point on any arbitrary level is predetermined and can be defined as a certain ratio between the horizontal and vertical components of the resultant upwards movement of the sliding mold. Accordingly, any given vertical movement of the mold and its scaffold corresponds a predetermined horizontal displacement.Since the stroke of the hydraulic jacks is normally given and constant it is necessary to match the change of length of the spoke wires effected during any such stroke to such a value that the geometrical radius of the scaffold is varied and desired. Normally, the stroke of the jacks is of the order of 1-2 inches.
  • the traveling distances H and H, of racks 15a and 140 are different for each cycle of operation. Since for practical reasons a scaffold system of the kind here discussed normally comprises at least 8 10 units, which means that N 2 X it, travelling distance H, must be greater than H,. if a bidirectional device is supplied by a common power source the two halves of such a dual device can be programmed to yield predetermined travelling distances and the mutual relationship between those two distances can by mathematical-geometrical calculations be predetermined into agreement with the geometrical shape of the concrete structure under erection.
  • the device for providing such advanceprogramming and automatic successive change of the horizontal projection of the scaffold system and of corresponding variation of the length of the spoke wires comprises a dual telescope mechanism preferably having two wedge means or templets, permitting continous variation on the one hand of the relative displacement of the two telescoping parts and, on the other, of the horizontal displacement of the complete telescope mechanism relatively to the sliding mold yoke on which it is mounted.
  • the design principle of the telescope mechanism has been illustrated in FIGS. 5-7.
  • the outer telescopic tube 14 has a rack 14a and the inner telescopic tube 15 has a rack 15a. Those racks are secured inside the tubes.
  • Numerals 14b and 15b designate slots in the respective telescopic tubes each of which does also at its one end have a threaded sleeve 14c and 15c, respectively, permitting variation of the effective length of slots 14a and 15a in response to the actual operational conditions.
  • Numerals 14d and 15d refer to the toothed portions of rods 14a and 15a.
  • the outer telescopic tube 14 does at its one end also have a horizontally projecting stop member He. Wedge 18 is intended to be inserted in slots 14b and 15b and wedge 19 outside the telescopic mechanism so that it can be used to effect the total horizontal displacement of the telescope mechanism by contacting the one or the other side of stop member He see FIGS. 9 and 11.
  • the purpose of the telescope mechanism and of the programming wedges which are vertically displaceable thanks to their engagement with the movable cross-beam of the yoke is to control and match the horizontal traveling distances of racks 15a and 14a and in that way via ratchets 8b and 61: impart to spindles 8 and 6 a rotational movement the amount of which is selected so that nuts and 6a are caused to carry out the vertical movement corresponding to synchronized changes of the circumferences of the scaffold system and of the length of the spoke wires.
  • the wedges have been given such a geometrical shape that during any given constant cycle of the raising movement effected by the hydraulic jacks the scaffold system and the spoke wires are changed in exact agreement of the predetermined slope of concrete wall 1.
  • FIGS. 8 12 The principle of operation of the system has been illustrated in FIGS. 8 12 wherein line 0-0 illustrate the initial position of the telescope mechanism before insertion of the programming wedges.
  • Line ll indicates the positions of spindles 8 for the spoke wires and line Il-ll the positions of spindles 6 and 7 forming part of the scafiold system.
  • the piston rod 16b of the power member 16 is by means of a bolt 17 connected to rack 15a.
  • the maximum stroke of power member 16 has been designated a.
  • the threaded sleeves 14c and 15c are adjusted so that the effective length of slot 14b is b and so that the right ends of slots 14b and 15b coincide.
  • spindles 6, 7 and 8 all have a right hand thread.
  • FIGS. 9 12 show the telescope system after insertion of the program wedges 18 and 19.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate the mutual positions and operation of the telescope mechanism and the wedges in a concrete structure the vertical cross-section of which appears from FIG. 13 and from the lower part of FIG. 15.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate the corresponding condition in a concrete structure the vertical cross-section of which is apparent from FIG. 14 and from the upper part of FIG. 15.
  • member 16 exerts a pushing force on the telescope mechanism
  • wedge 18 is inserted in the slot 14b, b and attached to the movable cross-beam 4 so that it can be horizontally displaced relatively thereto.
  • wedge 19 is in both cases mounted outside and laterally of the telescope mechanism, positioned in slot 19a in the upper fixed cross-beam 3c of the sliding mold yoke.
  • wedge 19 is to be mounted to the right of the stop member 14c.
  • wedge 19 is instead mounted to the left of the stop member.
  • the effective width of wedge 18 at a certain level is c and of wedge 19 d d, e, where d is the distance from line 00 to the right extreme end of slot 190 and e is the effective width of wedge 19.
  • Letter e relates to the position of the telescope mechanism and of the piston 160 with reference to the basic position 0-0.
  • the traveling distances g and h covered by rack 15a and 140 are determined by c and e, i.e., by the effective widths of the program wedges at the level of the telescope mechanism.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate an upwardly enlarged concrete structure erected with reliance on the same basic operation of the telescope mechanism and the program wedges as has above been accounted for.
  • power member 16 is exerting a pulling force.
  • rack 15a is moved alone along a distance f 12-1., whereas rack 14a remains in its position.
  • Sleeve 15: of the inner telescope tube is brought into contact with the outer telescope tube 14.
  • the outer telescope tube and, accordingly, also its related rack 14a are displaced by a distance I: g-f.
  • the total travel of rack 15a is g a-e corresponding to the portion of the maximum stroke a utilized.
  • the spoke wires are in this instance lengthened and the scaflold system widened.
  • the pitch of the threads of spindles 8 in line l-l should preferably be greater than the pitch of the thread of spindle 6 and 7 in line IIII due to the fact that normally spindles 8 are to displace their nuts 8a through a longer distance per cycle than what applies to spindle 6 and 7. This makes it possible to reduce the difference in traveling distance of the two racks of the telescope mechanism and in this way to simplify the program wedges.
  • spindles 6 and 7 have in the foregoing specification and in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 been assumed to be located at the side of the yoke legs 30. However, in actual practice it is preferred to locate them inside the yoke legs where they are protected from external influence.
  • program wedge 18 can be disposed of and replaced by a separate spacing member inserted in the slot of the telescope mechanism and having a predetermined length c. As the molding proceeds that distance member is at predetermined levels removed and replaced by another such member the length c of which is different. In such a case the change of the scaffold system and of the spoke assembly is controlled solely by the remaining program wedge the geometrical shape of which should then be selected with due attention being paid to the lengths of said spacing members.
  • a sliding or climbing mold for the erection of concrete structures the horizontal cross-section of which varies vertically comprising a scaffold system composed by a plurality of flexible scaffold units each consisting of two pivotably interconnected and intersecting rods or the like separated by yokes supporting the mold, the lower ends of said rods being pivotably connected to a cross-beam of the yoke and the upper ends of the rods being pivotably connected to a crossbeam vertically displaceable along the legs of the yoke, the vertical movement of the scaffold system and of the mold being accomplished by means of a first power source substan tially acting in the vertical direction, a second power source acting in the horizontal direction being provided to generate or contribute to the change of the horizontal size of the scaffold system, characterized by a spoke assembly connected to the scafi'old system and consisting of substantially radially and horizontally located spoke wires radiating from a central point and of means for variation of the horizontal shape of the scaffold system and of the effective length of the spoke wires in a predetermined
  • a mold as claimed in claim 2 characterized by threaded spindles cooperating with the scaffold system and with the spoke wires and provided with nuts, a telescope mechanism being provided for rotation of said spindles and connected to a substantially horizontally acting power source, the total traveling distances of the telescope rods being controlled by means of said templets.
  • a mold as claimed in claim 4 characterized in that said templet is substantially horizontally displaceable along a vertically fixed cross-beam, preferably along rollers 6.
  • a mold as claimed in claim 4 characterized in that the direction of operation of the ratchets is reversible and that the ratchets can be shifted into a neutral position.

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US69379A 1969-09-08 1970-09-03 Flexible scaffold for supporting sliding molds or climbing molds used for the erection of concrete structures Expired - Lifetime US3659978A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3901472A (en) * 1973-12-10 1975-08-26 Ahlgren Nils H Adjustable apparatus for sliding form construction
US4249870A (en) * 1977-12-30 1981-02-10 Philipp Holzmann Ag Climbing framework for erecting concrete forms in the manufacture of straight or curved reinforced concrete walls
US4374634A (en) * 1979-11-23 1983-02-22 Bernhard Ahl Device for lifting sliding molds along steel bars for the construction of concrete buildings and the like
US4824350A (en) * 1985-06-12 1989-04-25 Gleitbau-Gesellschaft M.B.H. Sliding shuttering system
US5028364A (en) * 1989-01-13 1991-07-02 Lee Yuan Ho Process for forming concrete structures and stripping concrete forms
US5198235A (en) * 1991-03-25 1993-03-30 Reichstein Stuart W M Apparatus for vertical slipforming of concrete walls
US5492303A (en) * 1991-05-18 1996-02-20 Paschal-Werk G. Maier Gmbh Formwork for surfaces varying in curvature
US20200340455A1 (en) * 2016-09-14 2020-10-29 Vestas Wind Systems A/S An apparatus for movement along a tower structure
US20210003010A1 (en) * 2018-02-14 2021-01-07 Slipform Engineering Ltd Apparatus and method for slipforming a shaft

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US975242A (en) * 1910-02-25 1910-11-08 Robert B Higgins Adjustable concrete-form.
US3252199A (en) * 1961-05-17 1966-05-24 Bossner Josef Formwork for erecting concrete structures
GB1186816A (en) * 1967-10-10 1970-04-08 Guido Lambertini Improvements in or relating to shuttering for casting concrete
US3521336A (en) * 1965-04-10 1970-07-21 Gleitschnellbau Gmbh Guide assemblage for sliding shuttering for building concrete structures

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US975242A (en) * 1910-02-25 1910-11-08 Robert B Higgins Adjustable concrete-form.
US3252199A (en) * 1961-05-17 1966-05-24 Bossner Josef Formwork for erecting concrete structures
US3521336A (en) * 1965-04-10 1970-07-21 Gleitschnellbau Gmbh Guide assemblage for sliding shuttering for building concrete structures
GB1186816A (en) * 1967-10-10 1970-04-08 Guido Lambertini Improvements in or relating to shuttering for casting concrete

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3901472A (en) * 1973-12-10 1975-08-26 Ahlgren Nils H Adjustable apparatus for sliding form construction
US4249870A (en) * 1977-12-30 1981-02-10 Philipp Holzmann Ag Climbing framework for erecting concrete forms in the manufacture of straight or curved reinforced concrete walls
US4374634A (en) * 1979-11-23 1983-02-22 Bernhard Ahl Device for lifting sliding molds along steel bars for the construction of concrete buildings and the like
US4824350A (en) * 1985-06-12 1989-04-25 Gleitbau-Gesellschaft M.B.H. Sliding shuttering system
US5028364A (en) * 1989-01-13 1991-07-02 Lee Yuan Ho Process for forming concrete structures and stripping concrete forms
US5198235A (en) * 1991-03-25 1993-03-30 Reichstein Stuart W M Apparatus for vertical slipforming of concrete walls
US5492303A (en) * 1991-05-18 1996-02-20 Paschal-Werk G. Maier Gmbh Formwork for surfaces varying in curvature
US20200340455A1 (en) * 2016-09-14 2020-10-29 Vestas Wind Systems A/S An apparatus for movement along a tower structure
US11788512B2 (en) * 2016-09-14 2023-10-17 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Apparatus for movement along a tower structure
US20210003010A1 (en) * 2018-02-14 2021-01-07 Slipform Engineering Ltd Apparatus and method for slipforming a shaft

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