US3645123A - Process for making metallic wires and metallic wires prepared thereby - Google Patents

Process for making metallic wires and metallic wires prepared thereby Download PDF

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Publication number
US3645123A
US3645123A US857291A US85729169A US3645123A US 3645123 A US3645123 A US 3645123A US 857291 A US857291 A US 857291A US 85729169 A US85729169 A US 85729169A US 3645123 A US3645123 A US 3645123A
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cold
wire rod
cross
process according
percent
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US857291A
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Andre Auge
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
    • B21C37/045—Manufacture of wire or bars with particular section or properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/46—Making other particular articles haberdashery, e.g. buckles, combs; pronged fasteners, e.g. staples
    • B21D53/50—Making other particular articles haberdashery, e.g. buckles, combs; pronged fasteners, e.g. staples metal slide-fastener parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49579—Watch or clock making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49609—Spring making

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of watch springs, especially for small watches, and more particularly to a method of making watch springs whereby the final cross-sectional configuration of the spring is obtained by cold drawing.
  • Conventional wristwatch springs usually have a width of from 1 to 2 mm. and a thickness of about 0.05 to 0.15 mm. and are typically cut to the required length from metal strips which were previously rolled to the proper width.
  • This method presents various disadvantages, one significant one being that the proper strips rolled to the proper width exhibit fluctuations in gauge and hence, springs cut out from such strips have an undesirable thickness tolerance.
  • sharp edges occur during the cutting, requiring a special subsequent process for rounding them off.
  • the rolling operation does not optimize the spring properties ofthe metal strip and therefore is not the most suitable process for preparing springs.
  • the present invention comprises selecting a wire rod which is suitable for use as a small watch spring and forming the final cross-sectional area of the spring by cold drawing.
  • the ultimate set of the original wire rod thus results from flat drawing, and this should be distinguished from flat rolling.
  • the drawing procedure is preferably completed in several steps, for example, from eight to 12 individual steps. Between the individual cold-drawing steps, intermediate annealing steps at temperatures of from 200 to 280 C. may advantageously be carried out, depending upon the material employed, though this is not in any way a necessary step.
  • the wire rod to be processed is first subjected to a suitable, known thermal pretreatment and after the flat drawing, the spring strip is subjected to a known thermal aftertreatment Both thermal treatments are well known in the art.
  • the desired width of the final spring strip is substantially greater than the initial diameter of the particular wire rod to be used, it is desirable to first decrease the cross-sectional area of the wire rod by 40 to 70 percent, preferably by cylindrical drawing to ensure that it remains free from any high stress and then, prior to the final flat drawing, to moderately cold roll the strip to obtain the approximate rectangular cross section which is desired.
  • this intermediate cold rolling takes place in a low range of stress, for example, at wire tenacities lower than 170 kg./mm. so that all the disadvantages involved in cold rolling at a high range of stress, especially convex camber of the strip, are thoroughly avoided.
  • the final strip dimensions are subsequently obtained by flat drawing which simultaneously imparts to the strip the required optimum orientation of the crystallographic axes in the direction of pull to thereby maximize the spring properties of the metal strip.
  • FIGS. 1-4 show various cross-sectional shapes for finished springs according to the present invention
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a metal strip having a rectangular configuration
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 1 but showing a rectangular strip with rounded corners;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2 but showing a concavely shaped metal strip
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a metal strip having an elliptical configuration.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A spring strip 1.15X0. l 35 mm. in final cross section was manufactured from a textural steel (patented wire") rod having 0.85 percent carbon content, an initial diameter of approximately 1.5 mm., and a tenacity of less than 160 kgJmm. by the following steps:
  • the width of the finished spring strip amounted therefore to about one-half and the thickness to about 0.14 of the initial diameter of the wire before flat drawing.
  • Torsions measured on this spring strip amounted to minus 0.1 turns or minus four turns of the completely coiled spiral spring in the sense of a slackening (corresponding therefore to 0.1 or four turns of the spring barrel of the tightened spring in the sense of a slackening of spring), 1,020 or 847 mm. total.
  • a wire rod of approximately 1.5-mm. diameter was first cylindrically drawn until its cross-sectional area decreased 88 percent, corresponding to a diameter of about 0.51 mm. and a tenacity of 204 kg./mm. Then the wire strip was further decreased in cross-sectional area (about another 3.5 percent) by flat rolling to its final dimension of 1.l5 0.135 mm. The width of this spring strip amounted to about 2.25 and its thickness to about 0.25 times the initial wire diameter prior to flat rolling. After the same subsequent heat treatment, the spring strip had a tenacity likewise of approximately 280 kg./mm. as above, however, the torsions amounted to minus 0.1 or minus four turns, only 997 or 834 mm. total of the spring spiral, while the number of winding cycles (periodic winding and slackening of the spring) until the spring fractured was about 20 percent less than in the case of the spring treated in accordance with the invention.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A spring strip having a final cross section 1.5X0.0725 mm. was manufactured from the same textural steel as used in Example I, though of somewhat less diameter, by the following steps:
  • the width of the finished spring strip is therefore equivalent to approximately 1.6 times the initial diameter of the wire before flat rolling or approximately 1.08 times the width of the rough strip, and the thickness of the finished spring strip is approximately 0.076 times the initial diameter of the wire before flat rolling or 0.18 times the thickness of the rough strip.
  • a wire rod was first cylindrically drawn to decrease the cross-sectional area by 90.8 percent to a diameter of about 0.42 mm. and a tenacity of 225 kg./mm. and then the crosssectional area was further decreased another 3.7 percent by flat-rolling the wire rod to its final size.
  • the width of this spring strip is thus approximately 3.6 times and its thickness about 0.17 times the initial diameter of the wire prior to flat rolling. After the subsequent heat treatment the tenacity amounted to 270 kg./mm.
  • the comparative torsions of this spring were in the region of only 300 to 237 mm. total, while fracture of the spring occurred at 3,354 winding periods. That is to say, the endurance of the spring manufactured in accordance with the present invention is approximately 46 percent greater than that of springs manufactured in the conventional way.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A patent 0.88 percent carbon content wire was cold-drawn to a diameter of 1.5 mm. and a tenacity of 161 kg./mm. in 11 steps until the cross-sectional area was decreased percent and a strip width of 1.52 mm. was obtained. The tenacity of the finished spring strip after a subsequent heat treatment amounted to 256 kg./mm.
  • EXAMPLE 4 A wire made of the alloy having the trade name PHYNOX (Co 40, Cr 20, Ni 16, Fe 15.57, M0 6.5, Mn 1.5, Si 0.3 and C 0.13), was first annealed in the usual manner at 800850 C. and then cooled off to room temperature, and thus had an initial diameter of 1.5 mm. and an initial tenacity of 101.5 kg./mm. The wire was then cold-drawn until its cross-sectional area was decreased by 67 percent and its width was changed to about 1.52 mm. After the customary heat treatment for this alloy, at about 520 C. for an hour, a tenacity of 260 kg./mm. was measured.
  • PHYNOX Co 40, Cr 20, Ni 16, Fe 15.57, M0 6.5, Mn 1.5, Si 0.3 and C 0.13
  • the cross section ofa similar piece of wire could be reduced only 48 percent by rolling, and the tenacity measured after the customary heat treatment amounted to 255 kg./mm.
  • EXAMPLE 5 A PHYNOX wire, similar to the sample used in Example 4, having an initial diameter of 1.2 mm. and an initial tenacity of 124 kg./mm. was decreased in cross section to 71 percent of its original area by cold-drawing and the resulting tenacity after heat treatment was 275 kg./mm. in comparison, a piece of the same wire after cold-rolling was reduced in cross-sectional area by 51 percent and the corresponding tenacity after heat treatment amounted to only 234 kg./mm.
  • Examples 3-5 the useful life and torsions of the spring samples made according to the process of the present invention were higher than the corresponding spring samples produced by the conventional cold-rolling process.
  • the cold-drawing process of the present invention can be carried out in several steps by using suitably chosen and wellknown drawing orifices.
  • the particular drawing speed depends upon the type of material constituting the spring strip and preferably is carried out at speeds between 15 m. to 20 in. per minute and may reach a speed of 40 meters per minute provided the temperature in the orifices does not exceed about 200 C. Temperatures in excess of 200 C. detrimentally affect the spring strip.
  • an intermediate annealing treatment may be employed depending upon the properties of the particular spring material being used.
  • the process of the present invention is applicable to all known spring materials, among which belong the family of stainless and nonmagnetic alloys, including nickel-chrome steels and cobalt-chrome alloys, such as the PHYNOX alloy mentioned above, and the group of oxidizable and magnetic stock which includes the aforesaid textural steels and finished refined steels having approximately l8 percent Ni and 9 percent Co.
  • a typical example for a finished refined alloy heattreated, for instance, for 3 hours in a temperature range of 450 C. to 480 C., is the alloy known under the trade name DURIMPHY with 32.18 Fe, 18.00 Ni, 8.70 Co, 4.75 No, 0.20 Al, 0.07 Mn, 0.030 Si and 0.030 C.
  • the tenacity of the wire to be processed according to this invention should amount to 150 to 190 kg./mm. before flattening in the case of textural steel, and 100 to 150 kgJmm. in the case of nonoxidizing alloys, in which the higher initial tenacities should be used with the smaller-diameter wire, and vice versa.
  • the stock at disposal which is to be processed by flat-drawing, does not yet have the stated tenacity values, then, as described in Examples l and 2, the tenacity is first increased by cylindrical drawing accompanied by a corresponding decrease in cross-sectional area. A possible flat-rolling before the final flat-drawing ought to be given only with wire tenacitys under 170 kg./mm.
  • a process for manufacturing spring strip to be converted into watch springs from wire rod comprising: providing a Wire rod of cylindrical cross section preheat-treated to render it effective for use as watch spring material; cold flat drawing said wire rod to its final generally rectangular cross-sectional strip dimensions to align and maintain the alignment of its crystallographic axes in the longitudinal direction of the strip; and
  • wire rod is textural steel having a diameter between 0.8 and 2.0 mm. and a tenacity within the range of 150 to 190 kg./mm.
  • wire rod is a nonoxidizable alloy having a diameter between 0.8 and 2.0 mm. and a tenacity within the range of to kg./mm.
  • a process according to claim I further including both cylindrically drawing said wire rod to decrease its cross-sectional area by 30 to 60 percent and flat-rolling the cylindrically drawn wire rod to further decrease its cross-sectional area by 2 to 8 percent prior to said cold drawing; and wherein said cold drawing still further decreases the cross-sectional area by 30 to 60 percent.
  • a process according to claim 11 further including heat treating the cold-drawnrod after each cold-drawing steps.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
US857291A 1966-02-18 1969-09-02 Process for making metallic wires and metallic wires prepared thereby Expired - Lifetime US3645123A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR50133A FR1475005A (fr) 1966-02-18 1966-02-18 Procédé de fabrication de fils métalliques et fils métalliques obtenus selon ce procédé

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US3645123A true US3645123A (en) 1972-02-29

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CH (2) CH498669A (fr)
FR (1) FR1475005A (fr)
GB (1) GB1179729A (fr)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3811311A (en) * 1972-04-07 1974-05-21 Anaconda Co Making flat copper-clad steel wire
DE4031813A1 (de) * 1990-10-08 1992-04-09 Akzo Gmbh Hochfester flachkord
US5444903A (en) * 1993-09-02 1995-08-29 Wachler; Ronald T. Method of making a loop for hanging jewelry
EP0774307A1 (fr) * 1995-11-17 1997-05-21 Bridgestone Corporation Lame pour former des incisions dans un pneu, dans un moule de vulcanisation et méthode pour sa fabrication
US6395109B1 (en) 2000-02-15 2002-05-28 Cargill, Incorporated Bar product, cylinder rods, hydraulic cylinders, and method for manufacturing
US6679798B1 (en) * 1998-11-05 2004-01-20 Fukuju Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Metal belt element, metal belt, and method of assembling the metal belt
US20040055352A1 (en) * 2002-08-13 2004-03-25 Nexans Method of continuous production of metal wires
KR100466669B1 (ko) * 1995-11-02 2005-04-14 가부시키가이샤 브리지스톤 타이어가황용금형과,이것에사용되는사이프블레이드,및사이프블레이드의제조방법
US20130213689A1 (en) * 2010-07-22 2013-08-22 Heraeus Materials Technology Gmbh & Co. Kg Core-jacket bonding wire
EP2703910A3 (fr) * 2012-09-04 2014-05-14 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Résonateur balancier - spiral appairé
CN105103057A (zh) * 2013-03-26 2015-11-25 蒙特雷布勒盖股份有限公司 枢转的可移动钟表构件的心轴
CN106563706A (zh) * 2015-10-08 2017-04-19 礼电子有限公司 制造接线板的方法和系统
CN106563705A (zh) * 2015-10-08 2017-04-19 礼电子有限公司 制造接线板材料的方法和系统
US9823624B2 (en) * 2012-09-05 2017-11-21 Seiko Epson Corporation Method for producing timepiece spring, device for producing timepiece spring, timepiece spring, and timepiece

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH692532A5 (fr) * 1997-10-21 2002-07-15 Ebauchesfabrik Eta Ag Procédé de fabrication d'un spiral de balancier pour mouvement d'horlogerie.
EP0911707B1 (fr) * 1997-10-22 2011-07-13 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Procédé de fabrication d'un spiral de balancier pour mouvement d'horlogerie et spiral notamment obtenu selon ce procédé
CN102974644B (zh) * 2012-12-28 2015-02-18 东莞市科力钢铁线材有限公司 一种高精度异型线材的拉拔工艺

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US947146A (en) * 1905-02-17 1910-01-18 Siemens Ag Spring for timepieces.
US2174171A (en) * 1936-02-14 1939-09-26 Chatillon & Sons John Resilient article and alloy and their manufacture
US2859149A (en) * 1952-01-14 1958-11-04 Straumann Reinhard Manufacture of watch springs utilizing wire converted into strip
US3394036A (en) * 1965-07-26 1968-07-23 Titanium Metals Corp Annealing titanium wire

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US947146A (en) * 1905-02-17 1910-01-18 Siemens Ag Spring for timepieces.
US2174171A (en) * 1936-02-14 1939-09-26 Chatillon & Sons John Resilient article and alloy and their manufacture
US2859149A (en) * 1952-01-14 1958-11-04 Straumann Reinhard Manufacture of watch springs utilizing wire converted into strip
US3394036A (en) * 1965-07-26 1968-07-23 Titanium Metals Corp Annealing titanium wire

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3811311A (en) * 1972-04-07 1974-05-21 Anaconda Co Making flat copper-clad steel wire
DE4031813A1 (de) * 1990-10-08 1992-04-09 Akzo Gmbh Hochfester flachkord
US5444903A (en) * 1993-09-02 1995-08-29 Wachler; Ronald T. Method of making a loop for hanging jewelry
KR100466669B1 (ko) * 1995-11-02 2005-04-14 가부시키가이샤 브리지스톤 타이어가황용금형과,이것에사용되는사이프블레이드,및사이프블레이드의제조방법
EP0774307A1 (fr) * 1995-11-17 1997-05-21 Bridgestone Corporation Lame pour former des incisions dans un pneu, dans un moule de vulcanisation et méthode pour sa fabrication
US5964118A (en) * 1995-11-17 1999-10-12 Bridgestone Corporation Method of manufacturing a sipe blade
US6679798B1 (en) * 1998-11-05 2004-01-20 Fukuju Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Metal belt element, metal belt, and method of assembling the metal belt
US6395109B1 (en) 2000-02-15 2002-05-28 Cargill, Incorporated Bar product, cylinder rods, hydraulic cylinders, and method for manufacturing
US20040055352A1 (en) * 2002-08-13 2004-03-25 Nexans Method of continuous production of metal wires
US6886385B2 (en) * 2002-08-13 2005-05-03 Nexans Method of continuous production of metal wires
US20130213689A1 (en) * 2010-07-22 2013-08-22 Heraeus Materials Technology Gmbh & Co. Kg Core-jacket bonding wire
US9236166B2 (en) * 2010-07-22 2016-01-12 Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Core-jacket bonding wire
EP2703910A3 (fr) * 2012-09-04 2014-05-14 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Résonateur balancier - spiral appairé
US9823624B2 (en) * 2012-09-05 2017-11-21 Seiko Epson Corporation Method for producing timepiece spring, device for producing timepiece spring, timepiece spring, and timepiece
CN105103057A (zh) * 2013-03-26 2015-11-25 蒙特雷布勒盖股份有限公司 枢转的可移动钟表构件的心轴
US20160085213A1 (en) * 2013-03-26 2016-03-24 Montres Breguet S.A. Arbor of a pivoting movable timepiece component
US9915923B2 (en) * 2013-03-26 2018-03-13 Montres Breguet S.A. Arbor of a pivoting movable timepiece component
CN105103057B (zh) * 2013-03-26 2018-04-13 蒙特雷布勒盖股份有限公司 枢转的可移动钟表构件的心轴
CN106563706A (zh) * 2015-10-08 2017-04-19 礼电子有限公司 制造接线板的方法和系统
CN106563705A (zh) * 2015-10-08 2017-04-19 礼电子有限公司 制造接线板材料的方法和系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH498669A (fr) 1970-07-31
FR1475005A (fr) 1967-03-31
CH188167A4 (fr) 1970-07-31
GB1179729A (en) 1970-01-28

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