US3488675A - Method and apparatus for control of high voltage corona discharge in electrostatic dust separators - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for control of high voltage corona discharge in electrostatic dust separators Download PDF

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Publication number
US3488675A
US3488675A US540371A US3488675DA US3488675A US 3488675 A US3488675 A US 3488675A US 540371 A US540371 A US 540371A US 3488675D A US3488675D A US 3488675DA US 3488675 A US3488675 A US 3488675A
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high voltage
lamp
corona
corona discharge
electrostatic dust
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US540371A
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English (en)
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Horst-Gunter Eishold
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GEA Group AG
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Metallgesellschaft AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to electrostatic precipitators including electrostatic dust separators, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for effecting control of high voltage corona discharges occurring in electrostatic dust separators.
  • Control systems are also known in which the current pulse detection or sampling of the current pulses is performed on the primary side of the high voltage transformer.
  • the pulse detection or pickup is performed galvanically in one of three different methods.
  • the first method is commonly designated as the ohmic detection or ohmic pickup of the pulses, and is described, for example in the German printed applications 1,148,977 and 1,179,541.
  • Another pulse detection method is the inductive method which is described in US. Patent 2,297,740.
  • a further method that is widely used, as is the inductive pickup method is the capacitative pulse detection method which can be performed on the high voltage side of the transformer as described, for example in US. Patent 2,623,608.
  • the current pulses detected by such methods are amplified and transformed or otherwise modified in wave shape, so as to have current and voltage values dependent upon the number of discharges per unit time.
  • the wave shape of such detected pulses corresponds to the intensity and frequency of the corona discharges occurring in the separator, and hence can be utilized to control a circuit which regulates the high voltage applied to the electrodes.
  • such regulating circuits and their associated amplifiers and pulse transformers are usually transistorized.
  • corona discharges inherently generate high frequency current and voltage components extending well into the radio frequency range, and in fact, before the advent of the electron tube, were used for the generation of radio frequency electromagnetic energy used for radio communication. Consequently, difficulties have always occurred hitherto in utilizing the aforementioned methods of sensing the currents or voltages resulting from corona discharges because of their high frequency components which tend to overload and damage the electronic components of the sensing equipment and signal processing equipment coupled thereto.
  • transistorized equipment there is an urgent need for isolating such high frequency components from any transistors used in the detecting circuitry, since transistors are extremely sensitive to overloading.
  • the invention proposes a method for controlling the high voltage of electrostatic dust separators according to the number and/or the intensity of the electrical discharges occurring therein as indicated by the current or voltage pulses resulting from such discharges, with the transmission of such pulses from the voltage supply circuit of the dust separator to the controlling device taking place optically by luminous signals.
  • the variations in brightness in a glow-discharge or incandescent lamp responding to the electrical discharges in the electrostatic dust separator are detected by a photoelectric cell inserted into the control circuit and are transformed in a prior art manner into electrical control impulses.
  • the glow-discharge or incandescent lamp can be connected in parallel with an electrical resistance in the high voltage supply circuit.
  • the relatively brief current changes of the corona discharges produce variations in the brightness of the lamp, which variations are detected by the photoelectric cell which can be of any conventional type such as a selenium cell or a cadmium sulfide cell, silicon cell, etc.
  • the photo electric cell serves to generate an electrical signal the voltage and current of which corresponds to the illumination intensity of the lamp andthus has a wave shape representative of the frequency and intensity of the corona discharges sensed by the lamp.
  • the photoelectric cell actually generates a signal which after suitable amplification such as by a transistorized preamplifier, can be used to control the operation of a circuit which supplies high voltage to the dust separator electrodes,
  • the invention provides a method for generating a control signal representing the intensity and frequency of corona discharges repeatedly occurring in an electrostatic dust separator.
  • a portion of the electrical current resulting from each corona discharge is passed through a lamp, either an incandescent or a glow-discharge lamp to illuminate same with an intensity varying in accordance with the frequency and intensity of such corona discharges.
  • the illumination intensity of the lamp is sensed by a photoelectric cell, which can be either of the photovoltaic or photoconductive type, which generates an electrical signal corresponding to the lamp intensity and hence has a wave shape representing the frequency and intensity of the corona discharges which produced such varying lamp intensity.
  • the level of the control signal generated by the photoelectric cell will be relatively low, and thus for practical purposes such signal is amplified and then ordinarily applied to a signal comparator which compares it with a reference signal representing a selected corona discharge repetitio-n frequency to derive a second control signal, or error signal representing the deviation from said selected frequency of the repetition frequency of corona discharges actually occurring in the separator.
  • One of the advantages of the invention lies in the fact that by converting the sensed corona discharge current impulses into light which varies correspondingly in intensity, and then by activating a photoelectric cell with such light optically transmitted thereto, there is no direct electrical signal path from the separator to the photocell and such signal processing equipments as it may be connected to. This effectively precludes any significant coupling of the high frequency corona discharge components into the photocell and associated signal processing equipment, which now can be safely transistorized since the danger of high frequency component overloading is eliminated.
  • photoelectric cells have inherent overload protection because above their saturation illumination intensity levels, further increases in incident illumination intensity result in no further increase in signal output.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for performing the aforesaid method.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus as aforesaid whereby the control signal generated is substantially free from high frequency components resulting from such corona discharges.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an apparatus as aforesaid including means for amplifying the control signal generated and converting the original wave form thereof into a wave form appropriate for use by a high voltage controller which regulates the high voltage supplied to the dust separator electrodes.
  • Still another and further object of the invention is to provide an apparatus as aforesaid including signal processing means for converting the control signal generated into a corresponding square-wave pulsed signal.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the invention for sensing corona discharges in an electrostatic dust separator, and generating a signal characteristically representative of such corona discharges for use in controlling the high voltage applied to electrodes within the separator that produce such discharges.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus according to another embodiment of the invention for generating a similar corona discharge signal, and including means for amplifying and modifying the wave shape of such signal.
  • the schematically rep resented electrostatic dust separator 1 has a set of emitter electrodes 2 and collector electrodes 3.
  • the emitter and collector electrodes 2 and 3 are connected to a high voltage source (not shown) which repeatedly establishes a high potential difference between them to induce corona discharges between said electrodes 2 and 3.
  • the emitter or corona electrodes 2 are connected through a conductor line 4 tothe high voltage source and the collector or precipitation electrodes 3 are connected through another conductor line 5 to the ground reference terminal of the high voltage source.
  • a variable resistor 6 is connected in series into the ground lead 5, and in parallel with an incandescent or glow-discharge lamp 7.
  • a portion of the electrical current resulting from corona discharges between the electrodes 2 and 3 and passing from the electrode 3 to resistor 6, will be diverted to the lamp 7 and will illurninate same with a brightness which varies in accordance with the corona discharge currents in the electrostatic dust separator 1.
  • These brightness variations are picked up by a photoelectric cell 8, amplified by a transistor 9 and fed to a signal processing circuit means 10, such as an impulse transformer or an integrator circuit.
  • the signal processor 10 receives its supply voltages for operation through terminal connectors 11 and delivers its output signal at an output line 12. At the output 12, a number of signal impulses corresponding to the number of corona discharge current variations is picked up and delivered in a conventional manner to a controlling apparatus (not shown) for controlling the high voltage applied to the electrodes 2 and 3.
  • a controlling apparatus not shown
  • the signal processor 10 has been shown only in block form, since impulse transformers and integrator stages are sufficiently well known to those skilled in the art. Such devices are illustrated, for example, in the previously mentioned patents, as are examples of high voltage controlling apparatus.
  • the lamp 7 is connected in a series-parallel arrangement with the electrodes 2 and 3 of the dust separator 1, so that corona discharge currents flowing from the emitter electrode 2 are received by the collector electrode 3 which is connected in series with the parallel combination of the resistor 6 and lamp '7, so that a portion of the corona discharge current flowing through the dust separator 1 is returned to ground through the lamp 7.
  • the embodiment represented by FIG. 2 differs from that in FIG. 1 in that the lamp 7 is connected in parallel with the electrostatic dust separator 1.
  • the voltage for the operation of the lamp 7 is obtained across the parallel resistors 6 and 6 which are in turn connected in series with another resistor 16 that is connected to the emitter electrode 2.
  • the resistor 6 is preferably a variable resistor 6.
  • the brightness variations of the lamp 7 are detected by a photoelectric cell 8 and fed to an amplifying transistor 9.
  • the amplified output of transistor 9 is fed to the input of a signal processor 10, which is illustrated as a Schmitt trigger circuit in FIG. 2.
  • the Schmitt trigger circuit 10 is operated by the signal voltage variations of the photoelectric cell 8, which are amplified by the transistor 9.
  • At the output 12 of the Schmitt trigger 10' there appears a number of square-wave impulses corresponding to the number of current variations. These impulses can be further processed by a conventional high voltage controller (not shown).
  • glow-discharge lamps 7 offer the advantage of having relatively little thermal inertia as compared with incandescent lamps 7, so that with glowdischarge lamps 7 a somewhat more faithful luminous reproduction of corona discharge current pulses can be transmitted.
  • the invention offers a decided advantage in the controlling of the high voltage applied to the electrodes of electrostatic dust separators 1, since the actual corona discharge performance can be sensed in a manner whereby there is no direct electrical contact between any high voltage carrying parts of the separator and the controlling or regulating apparatus. Furthermore, with the electrooptical signal transmission provided by the invention, overload damage to transistorized components as the result of high frequency components produced by corona discharges, is eliminated.
  • the invention provides an apparatus for generating an electrical control signal at the output of a photocell 8, having a wave form representing the intensity and frequency of corona discharges repeatedly occurring between the emitter and collector electrodes 2 and 3 when supplied by a high voltage source which repeatedly establishes a potential difference between said electrodes 2 and 3 sufiiciently high to induce such corona discharges.
  • This apparatus has circuit means including one or more electrical resistors, 6, 6, 16, connected to one of the electrodes 2, 3 and to the ground reference terminal of the high voltage source for receiving electrical current resulting from each corona discharge, and diverting a portion of said current to a lamp 7 coupled to said circuit means.
  • circuit means including one or more electrical resistors, 6, 6, 16, connected to one of the electrodes 2, 3 and to the ground reference terminal of the high voltage source for receiving electrical current resulting from each corona discharge, and diverting a portion of said current to a lamp 7 coupled to said circuit means.
  • circuit means is defined by the combination of the resistor 6 and conductor line 5.
  • Resistor 6 is connected in FIG. 1 to the collector electrode 3, and to the ground terminal and is also connected to the lamp 7 to divert a portion of the current from electrode 3 to said lamp 7 for illumination thereby.
  • this circuit means corresponds to the network defined by the resistors 16, 6 and 6. This network is connected to the emitter electrode 2 through the series resistor 16 and to the lamp 7 at the parallel connection of resistor 6 and 6'.
  • a method for generating a control signal representing the intensity and frequency of corona discharges repeatedly occurring in an electrostatic dust separator which comprises passing a portion of the electrical current resulting from each corona discharge through a lamp to illuminate same with an intensity varying in accordance with the frequency and intensity of such corona discharges, and sensing the illumination intensity of said lamp by a photoelectric cell to generate thereby a corresponding electrical signal representing the frequency and intensity of said corona discharges.
  • the method according to claim 1 including the steps of amplifying the control signal generated by the photoelectric cell, and applying said amplified control signal to a signal comparator for comparing said control signal with a reference signal representing a selected corona discharge repetition frequency to derive a second control signal representing the deviation of the repetition frequency of corona discharges occurring in said separator from said selected frequency.
  • the method according to claim 1 including the steps of amplifying the control signal generated by the photoelectric cell, and converting the Wave form of said amplified control signal into a corresponding train of squarewave pulses.
  • An apparatus for generating a control signal representing the intensity and frequency of corona discharges repeatedly occurring between emitter and collector electrodes in an electrostatic dust separator wherein said electrodes are connected to a high voltage source which repeatedly establishes a high potential difference therebetween for inducing such corona discharges which comprises circuit means including an electrical resistance, connected to one of said electrodes and to a reference terminal of said high voltage source for receiving a varying electrical current resulting from each corona discharge and diverting a portion of said current, a lamp coupled to said circuit means to receive the portion of electrical current diverted thereby for illumination with an intensity varying in accordance with the frequency and intensity of said corona discharges, and a photoelectric cell disposed to sense the illumination intensity of said lamp to generate a corresponding electrical signal having a wave shape thus representing the frequency and intensity of said corona discharges.
  • circuit means includes a resistor connected to the collector electrode of said separator and to the reference terminal of the high voltage source, and wherein said lamp is connected in shunt to said resistor.
  • circuit means includes an electrical resistance network connected to the emitter electrode of said separator and to the reference terminal of the high voltage source,
  • the apparatus according to claim 4 including an amplifier coupled to said photoelectric cell to amplify the signal generated thereby, and a fixed time period trigger circuit coupled to said amplifier to convert the wave form of the control signal amplified thereby into a corresponding train of square-wave pulses.
  • the apparatus according to claim 4 including an amplifier coupled to said photoelectric cell to amplify the signal generated thereby, and an integrator circuit means coupled to said amplifier to convert the wave form of the control signal amplified thereby into a signal having a wave form representing the time interval of said control signal.
  • German printed application No. 1,148,977, May 1963.
  • German printed application No. 1,179,541, October 1964.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
US540371A 1965-04-10 1966-04-05 Method and apparatus for control of high voltage corona discharge in electrostatic dust separators Expired - Lifetime US3488675A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEM64844A DE1276001B (de) 1965-04-10 1965-04-10 Verfahren zur Spannungsreglung von elektrostatischen Staubabscheidern
DE19702001189 DE2001189A1 (de) 1965-04-10 1970-01-13 Verfahren zur Spannungsregelung von elektrostatischen Staubabscheidern

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US (1) US3488675A (ru)
AT (1) AT306177B (ru)
CS (1) CS157095B2 (ru)
DE (2) DE1276001B (ru)
GB (2) GB1071569A (ru)
SE (1) SE312788B (ru)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3643405A (en) * 1969-03-08 1972-02-22 Siemens Ag Circuit arrangement for automatic control of the voltage of an electrical filter
US3648437A (en) * 1969-07-23 1972-03-14 Koppers Co Inc Automatic scr precipitator control
DE2438670A1 (de) 1973-08-14 1975-03-06 Masuda Senichi Teilchen-ladungseinrichtung sowie elektrische staubsammelvorrichtung mit einer solchen teilchen-ladungseinrichtung
US3973927A (en) * 1974-01-22 1976-08-10 Helmut Furchner Process and installation for creating optimum climatic conditions in a room by air purification and ionization control
US4439216A (en) * 1982-07-28 1984-03-27 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Electrostatic precipitator having apparatus for sensing electrostatic field strengths
US4624685A (en) * 1985-01-04 1986-11-25 Burns & McDonnell Engineering Co., Inc. Method and apparatus for optimizing power consumption in an electrostatic precipitator
US4746331A (en) * 1981-07-24 1988-05-24 Truce Rodney J Detecting, measuring and applying back corona parameters on an electrostatic precipitator
US5679137A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-10-21 Honeywell Inc. Optical dirty cell sensor for an electronic air cleaner
US20100313748A1 (en) * 2009-06-15 2010-12-16 Middle Atlantic Products, Inc. Method and system for smart air filter monitoring
US20120199088A1 (en) * 2010-12-14 2012-08-09 John Antony Burrows Corona ignition device having asymmetric firing tip
CN113241957A (zh) * 2021-04-20 2021-08-10 许昌学院 一种智能高压电晕控制系统

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3811056A (en) * 1971-12-06 1974-05-14 Nissan Motor Velocity sensor
DE3040330A1 (de) * 1980-10-25 1982-06-03 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur regelung der betriebsspannung eines elektrostatischen abscheiders
US5650668A (en) * 1995-06-23 1997-07-22 Lucent Technologies Inc. Low current voltage regulator circuit
DE19962665B4 (de) * 1999-12-23 2008-08-21 Siemens Ag Stromversorgung für Elektrofilter
US7405672B2 (en) * 2003-04-09 2008-07-29 Sharper Image Corp. Air treatment device having a sensor
DE102011007470A1 (de) * 2011-04-15 2012-10-18 Aktiebolaget Skf Reinigungsvorrichtung

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DE488943C (de) * 1926-12-07 1930-01-09 Metallgesellschaft Ag Einrichtung zum Anzeigen des Vorhandenseins oder Nichtvorhandenseins von hoch-gespannten Gleichstroemen, insbesondere in elektrischen Gasreinigungsanlagen
US2189614A (en) * 1938-05-06 1940-02-06 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Ozone control for precipitators
US2297740A (en) * 1940-10-26 1942-10-06 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Voltage-regulating equipment for precipitators or the like
US2623608A (en) * 1950-06-19 1952-12-30 Research Corp System for energizing electrical precipitators
US2632522A (en) * 1950-10-28 1953-03-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrostatic precipitator
GB701855A (en) * 1951-12-06 1954-01-06 Dieter Otto Heinrich Improvements relating to the electrical precipitation of dust of high electrical resistivity
GB705604A (en) * 1951-04-13 1954-03-17 Dieter Otto Heinrich Improvements relating to voltage control means, especially for electroprecipitators
US2742104A (en) * 1953-12-17 1956-04-17 Research Corp Automatic voltage control of electrostatic precipitator with saturable reactor
US2771150A (en) * 1954-07-22 1956-11-20 Apra Precipitator Corp Protective relay circuits
FR1130971A (fr) * 1954-09-15 1957-02-14 Metallgesellschaft Ag Photo-cellule commandant le fonctionnement de filtres électriques
US2783388A (en) * 1954-08-24 1957-02-26 Research Corp Electrical precipitator voltage control
US2935155A (en) * 1954-07-09 1960-05-03 Joy Mfg Co Apparatus for controlling electrical precipitators
US2943697A (en) * 1957-07-22 1960-07-05 Joy Mfg Co Automatic field strength control for precipitators
US2961577A (en) * 1959-08-04 1960-11-22 Koppers Co Inc Electrostatic precipitators
US2979158A (en) * 1958-10-17 1961-04-11 Gordon M Genge & Company Inc Electrostatic particle separating apparatus
US3114097A (en) * 1959-09-29 1963-12-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Controlled rectifier regulating system utilizing a linear relaxation trigger circuit
US3173772A (en) * 1962-02-09 1965-03-16 Buell Engineering Company Inc Apparatus for controlling an electrical precipitator

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DE181893C (ru) *
DE892624C (de) * 1949-01-01 1953-10-08 Pintsch Electro G M B H Anordnung zur selbsttaetigen Regelung bzw. Konstanthaltung von elektrischen Spannungen mittels Kohledruckreglers
GB783922A (en) * 1954-08-24 1957-10-02 Research Corp Improvements in or relating to high voltage regulating systems for electrostatic precipitators

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE488943C (de) * 1926-12-07 1930-01-09 Metallgesellschaft Ag Einrichtung zum Anzeigen des Vorhandenseins oder Nichtvorhandenseins von hoch-gespannten Gleichstroemen, insbesondere in elektrischen Gasreinigungsanlagen
US2189614A (en) * 1938-05-06 1940-02-06 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Ozone control for precipitators
US2297740A (en) * 1940-10-26 1942-10-06 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Voltage-regulating equipment for precipitators or the like
US2623608A (en) * 1950-06-19 1952-12-30 Research Corp System for energizing electrical precipitators
US2632522A (en) * 1950-10-28 1953-03-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrostatic precipitator
GB705604A (en) * 1951-04-13 1954-03-17 Dieter Otto Heinrich Improvements relating to voltage control means, especially for electroprecipitators
GB701855A (en) * 1951-12-06 1954-01-06 Dieter Otto Heinrich Improvements relating to the electrical precipitation of dust of high electrical resistivity
US2742104A (en) * 1953-12-17 1956-04-17 Research Corp Automatic voltage control of electrostatic precipitator with saturable reactor
US2935155A (en) * 1954-07-09 1960-05-03 Joy Mfg Co Apparatus for controlling electrical precipitators
US2771150A (en) * 1954-07-22 1956-11-20 Apra Precipitator Corp Protective relay circuits
US2783388A (en) * 1954-08-24 1957-02-26 Research Corp Electrical precipitator voltage control
FR1130971A (fr) * 1954-09-15 1957-02-14 Metallgesellschaft Ag Photo-cellule commandant le fonctionnement de filtres électriques
US2943697A (en) * 1957-07-22 1960-07-05 Joy Mfg Co Automatic field strength control for precipitators
US2979158A (en) * 1958-10-17 1961-04-11 Gordon M Genge & Company Inc Electrostatic particle separating apparatus
US2961577A (en) * 1959-08-04 1960-11-22 Koppers Co Inc Electrostatic precipitators
US3114097A (en) * 1959-09-29 1963-12-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Controlled rectifier regulating system utilizing a linear relaxation trigger circuit
US3173772A (en) * 1962-02-09 1965-03-16 Buell Engineering Company Inc Apparatus for controlling an electrical precipitator

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3643405A (en) * 1969-03-08 1972-02-22 Siemens Ag Circuit arrangement for automatic control of the voltage of an electrical filter
US3648437A (en) * 1969-07-23 1972-03-14 Koppers Co Inc Automatic scr precipitator control
DE2438670A1 (de) 1973-08-14 1975-03-06 Masuda Senichi Teilchen-ladungseinrichtung sowie elektrische staubsammelvorrichtung mit einer solchen teilchen-ladungseinrichtung
DE2462539A1 (de) * 1973-08-14 1977-08-04 Masuda Senichi Elektrische staubsammelvorrichtung
US3973927A (en) * 1974-01-22 1976-08-10 Helmut Furchner Process and installation for creating optimum climatic conditions in a room by air purification and ionization control
US4746331A (en) * 1981-07-24 1988-05-24 Truce Rodney J Detecting, measuring and applying back corona parameters on an electrostatic precipitator
US4439216A (en) * 1982-07-28 1984-03-27 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Electrostatic precipitator having apparatus for sensing electrostatic field strengths
US4624685A (en) * 1985-01-04 1986-11-25 Burns & McDonnell Engineering Co., Inc. Method and apparatus for optimizing power consumption in an electrostatic precipitator
US5679137A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-10-21 Honeywell Inc. Optical dirty cell sensor for an electronic air cleaner
US20100313748A1 (en) * 2009-06-15 2010-12-16 Middle Atlantic Products, Inc. Method and system for smart air filter monitoring
US20120199088A1 (en) * 2010-12-14 2012-08-09 John Antony Burrows Corona ignition device having asymmetric firing tip
US9103313B2 (en) * 2010-12-14 2015-08-11 Federal-Mogul Ignition Company Corona ignition device having asymmetric firing tip
CN113241957A (zh) * 2021-04-20 2021-08-10 许昌学院 一种智能高压电晕控制系统
CN113241957B (zh) * 2021-04-20 2022-06-07 许昌学院 一种智能高压电晕控制系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1332751A (en) 1973-10-03
GB1071569A (en) 1967-06-07
CS157095B2 (ru) 1974-08-23
DE2001189A1 (de) 1971-07-22
AT306177B (de) 1973-03-26
SE312788B (ru) 1969-07-28
DE1276001B (de) 1968-08-29

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