US2945771A - Formation of light-sensitive layers on photographic films - Google Patents

Formation of light-sensitive layers on photographic films Download PDF

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Publication number
US2945771A
US2945771A US505722A US50572255A US2945771A US 2945771 A US2945771 A US 2945771A US 505722 A US505722 A US 505722A US 50572255 A US50572255 A US 50572255A US 2945771 A US2945771 A US 2945771A
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United States
Prior art keywords
base
vapors
carrier
light
sensitive
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Expired - Lifetime
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US505722A
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English (en)
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Mansfeld Hubert
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Individual
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/56—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks
    • C23C14/562—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks for coating elongated substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C14/024—Deposition of sublayers, e.g. to promote adhesion of the coating
    • C23C14/025—Metallic sublayers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0694—Halides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/494—Silver salt compositions other than silver halide emulsions; Photothermographic systems ; Thermographic systems using noble metal compounds
    • G03C1/496—Binder-free compositions, e.g. evaporated
    • G03C1/4965—Binder-free compositions, e.g. evaporated evaporated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/133—Binder-free emulsion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/136—Coating process making radiation sensitive element

Definitions

  • This invention relates to processes for depositing lightsensitive films on suitable bases therefor, especially for purposes of photography.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide means ensuring production of optically responsive films" and strips for photographic purposes in an economic and technically advantageous manner, whereby the cost of production is materially reduced while the rate of production is enhanced without loss of quality of the finished product.
  • a further disadvantage of the above-mentioned pro posed process resided in the fact that the base or carrier was stationarily exposed both to the heated vapors and to the radiation emanating from the vapor source, so that the temperature of the base would often rise very high.
  • the base or carrier was stationarily exposed both to the heated vapors and to the radiation emanating from the vapor source, so that the temperature of the base would often rise very high.
  • non-inflammable and highly heatresistant materials could be employed as the base or carrier, quite apart from the fact that condensation of the vapors in suflicient quantities can be obtained only when the carrier surface is at a temperature considerably lower than the vapors themselves.
  • the base or carrier to be coated is preferably a band or strip disposed in roll form and is received in the vessel to be evacuated together with an empty spool and the source of the vapors.
  • Fig. l is a sectional view of a photographic film strip, the view being taken along a line substantially perpendicular to the plane of said strip according to the invention;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of still another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of yet a further em: bodiment of the present invention.
  • the vapor source consists of a crucible 13 in which the substance 14 to be vaporized is located.
  • the vapors emerge from the crucible through a suitable guide or discharge opening 16 disposed in the top of said crucible thus forming a source of vapors or a vapor generating means.
  • the entire arrangement is located in an evacuated housing or vaporizing chamber 20.
  • the film carrier is merely guided past the discharge opening of the heated crucible, its temperature rises only negligibly so that the vapors condense, directly after passing through the discharge opening, on a surface having a temperature considerably lower than the vaporization temperature.
  • the layer thickness is, inter alia, dependent on the rate of movement of the carrier and of its surface structure, as well as on the emissivity of the vapor source, the crucible temperature, and the size of the crucible opening.
  • a relatively greater rate of movement imparted to the carrier requires a correspondingly greater emission of vapors per unit of time than a relatively smaller rate of movement.
  • Greater quantities of vapors require higher crucible temperatures, but in no eventuality may the latter be raised so high that the substance being vaporized disintegrates or decomposes or that light radiation from the crucible walls illuminates the carrier and causes a darkening or blurring of the film.
  • the vaporization and condensation of the vapor is effected in a vacuum where the temperatures may be so regulated or controlled that on the one hand a sufficient emission of vapors is brought about while on the other hand decomposition or blurring of the film through light radiation is prevented.
  • the vaporization temperature, and thereby the quantity of vapors emitted can be increased or decreased.
  • the crucible temperature must be considerably lower than it would have to be during coating of a carrier to be used only as a registering strip in devices or apparatuses employing an optical indicator.
  • blurring of the background is of relatively minor importance.
  • the carrier 11 is fed from feed roll 17 past idler or guide rollers 19 to take up roll or spool 18, all of these being disposed in evacuated housing or vaporizing chamber 20.
  • crucibles 13 and 13" are provided within chamber 20 adjacent the path of movement of carrier 11.
  • Crucible 13 is heated by suitable electric resistance or inductance heating means 15 and contains one element or substance 14', e.g., silver, of the photosensitive compound, e.g., silver bromide, to be formed.
  • Crucible 13" is heated by electric heating means 15" and contains the other element 14", i.e., bromine, of the compound to be formed.
  • elements 14' and 14 may combine while still in their gaseous phases immediately after leaving cricibles 13' and 13" through discharge openings 16' and 16", respectively, or they may first condense directly on the surface of carrier 11 and combine subsequent to such condensation, depending on the operating conditions existing in chamber or housing 20.
  • the temperature is necessarily fairly low relative to the original vaporization temperature, so that the danger of disintegration of the light-sensitive compound no longer exists.
  • Blurring due to light radiation from the vapor source is also no longer possible because the continuous movement'of the carrier ensures that the lightsensitive compound will be created or chemically formed only after the particular portion of the carrier has progressed out of the radiation range of the vapor source.
  • the vapors need not be formed from materials contained in crucibles as described above.
  • each wire is coated or otherwise provided with one component of the light-sensitive material, placed into an isolated evacuated chamber, and there heated to vaporize the particular component material associated therewith. The base strip is then guided past both chambers.
  • this arrangement is employed only when it is desired to delay formation of the light-sensitive compound until the individual vapors condense on the surface of the film base.
  • the emissivity of the vapor source at low temperature depends substantially on the degree of vacuum in the vaporizing space or chamber, it is preferable to keep such vaporizing chamber as small as possible. In such a case, it becomes necessary to dispose both the supply spool or feed roll and the empty spool or take-up roll exteriorly of the vaporizing chamber and to provide a pair of vacuum locks in said chamber to provide entry or ingress and exit or egress means for the base or carrier.
  • rolls or spools 17 and 18 are disposed in a housing or chamber 20 surrounding vaporizing chamber 21, said housing being also and separately evacuated.
  • chamber 21 is provided with a pair of vacuum locks 22. Only guide or idler rollers 19 need therefore be mounted in vaporizing chamber 21. Inasmuch as the vaporizing chamber can thus be made much smaller than it would have to be if the spools were also to be mounted therein, a much better degree of vacuum is obtainable in the vaporizing chamber with an attendant increase of vapor emission.
  • certain special carrier materials require some preliminary treatment of the surface thereof to facilitate condensation of the vapors of the light-sensitive substance.
  • Such treatment may consist of a seeding or nucleation of said surface, i.e., of a vaporization of a quantity of silver and condensation of an extremely thin, initial layer of said silver on the carrier surface.
  • the silver particles of this layer serve as nuclei for the condensed light-sensitive substance (in substantially the same manner as a single crystal may serve as a nucleus for build-up of a composite crystal structure) and make the carrier or base more receptive to said sensitive substances.
  • such seeding or nucleation is effected by an arrangement substantially like that of Fig. 2.
  • a small, electrically heated crucible 23 in which the silver, to be used for forming the aforesaid initial layer on the surface of carrier 11, is contained.
  • prellm' inary treatment may be accomplished before the carrier is moved past the main vapor source, i.e., crucible 13, or as part of a single operation with the formation of the light-sensitive layer.
  • a process of producing a photographic photosensitive layer on a carrier base comprising the steps of vaporizing by heating under a vacuum silver and bromine to form vapors thereof, directing onto said base said v apors for chemical inter-reaction, while unidirectionally and substantially continuously moving said base within said vacuum at predetermined speed, and bringing to condensation said vapors to thereby form silver bromide on said base.
  • a process of producing a photographic photosensitive layer on a carrier base comprising the steps of vaporizing by heating under a vacuum chemical components of a photosensitive silver halide compound to form vapors of said components, directing onto said base said vapors of said components 'for chemical inter-reaction, while unidirectionally and substantially continuously moving said base within said vacuum at predetermined speed, and bringing to condensation said vapors to thereby form a photosensitive chemical compound on said base.
  • a process of producing a photographic photosensitive'layer on a carrier base comprising the steps of vaporizing by heating under one vacuum chemical components of a photosensitive silver halide compound to form vapors of said components, directing onto saidbase said vapors of said components for chemical inter-reaction,
  • a process of producing photographic films having a light-sensitive layer on a base comprising the steps of vaporizing individual separate chemical components of a light-sensitive substance from sources of vapors of said components and under'vacuumn, and unidirectionally and substantially continuously moving said base past and in the immediate vicinity of a discharge opening of said sources of vapors of said components of said substance while retaining said base in an unheated condition, whereby said vapors are condensed on said base in combined chemical formation directly upon passing through said discharge opening and to an extent depending on the rate of movement of said base past said sources, said vapors being formed from a liquid phase of said components of said substance, said components comprising silver and bromine.
  • a process of producing photographic films having a light-sensitive layer on a base comprising the steps of vaporizing individual separate chemical components of a light-sensitive substance from sources of vapors of said components and under vacuum, and unidirectionally and substantially continuously moving said base past and in the immediate vicinity of a discharge opening of said sources of vapors of said components of said substance while retaining said base in an unheated condition, whereby said vapors are condensed on said base incombined chemical formation directly upon passing through said discharge opening and to an extent depending on the rate of movement of said base past said sources, said vapors being formed from a solid phase of said components of said substance, said components comprising silver and bromine.
  • a process of depositing a layer of a photosensitive silver halide compound on a carrier therefor comprising the steps of placing said carrier under vacuum, forming separate vapors of component substances of said compound from respective sources of said substances under vacuum, moving said carrier past and in the immediate vicinity of respective discharge openings of said sources at a predetermined speed, and directing and conditioning said vapors immediately after the same pass through said discharge openings to combine chemically and form said compound and thereafter to condense on said carrier as the latter moves past said sources.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
US505722A 1953-07-03 1955-05-03 Formation of light-sensitive layers on photographic films Expired - Lifetime US2945771A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US505722A US2945771A (en) 1953-07-03 1955-05-03 Formation of light-sensitive layers on photographic films

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEM19166A DE938644C (de) 1953-07-03 1953-07-03 Verfahren zur Aufbringung lichtempfindlicher Stoffe auf Schichttraeger
US505722A US2945771A (en) 1953-07-03 1955-05-03 Formation of light-sensitive layers on photographic films

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US2945771A true US2945771A (en) 1960-07-19

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US505722A Expired - Lifetime US2945771A (en) 1953-07-03 1955-05-03 Formation of light-sensitive layers on photographic films

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US2945771A (fr)
BE (1) BE538926A (fr)
CH (1) CH330159A (fr)
DE (1) DE938644C (fr)
FR (1) FR1125819A (fr)
GB (1) GB802041A (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3219449A (en) * 1962-12-11 1965-11-23 Technical Operations Inc Photographic medium having a binder-free silver halide layer and methods of preparing same
US3234022A (en) * 1960-08-08 1966-02-08 Polaroid Corp Diffusion-transfer reversal processes and elements useful in such processes
US3297464A (en) * 1963-07-08 1967-01-10 Technical Operations Inc Method of making a photographic product
US3297463A (en) * 1963-07-08 1967-01-10 Tox Corp Method of making a photographic product
US3333981A (en) * 1963-01-17 1967-08-01 Technical Operations Inc Photographic material
US3603285A (en) * 1968-11-05 1971-09-07 Massachusetts Inst Technology Vapor deposition apparatus
US3854442A (en) * 1971-08-20 1974-12-17 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vapor-deposition apparatus
US3971334A (en) * 1975-03-04 1976-07-27 Xerox Corporation Coating device
US4123280A (en) * 1974-06-14 1978-10-31 Zlafop Pri Ban Silver halide vapor deposition method
US4275141A (en) * 1979-10-22 1981-06-23 Corning Glass Works Polycrystalline tin oxide-silver chloride-cadmium chloride UV photosensitive film and method of use
US4323640A (en) * 1980-11-05 1982-04-06 Corning Glass Works Positive imaging method using doped silver halide medium

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3219448A (en) * 1962-10-23 1965-11-23 Technical Operations Inc Photographic medium and methods of preparing same
US3219445A (en) * 1962-04-09 1965-11-23 Technical Operations Inc Photographic processes
US3219444A (en) * 1962-04-09 1965-11-23 Technical Operations Inc Photographic processes
US3219451A (en) * 1962-12-11 1965-11-23 Technical Operations Inc Sensitizing photographic media
DE3817513C2 (de) * 1988-05-24 1996-01-25 Leybold Ag Vorrichtung zum Verdampfen von Metallen

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB432466A (en) * 1933-07-13 1935-07-26 Ludwig August Sommer Improvements in metallising processing apparatus
GB547806A (en) * 1941-03-10 1942-09-11 Cinema Television Ltd Improvements in or relating to photo-sensitive layers and methods of manufacturing such layers
US2382432A (en) * 1940-08-02 1945-08-14 Crown Cork & Seal Co Method and apparatus for depositing vaporized metal coatings
US2384500A (en) * 1942-07-08 1945-09-11 Crown Cork & Seal Co Apparatus and method of coating
US2440135A (en) * 1944-08-04 1948-04-20 Alexander Paul Method of and apparatus for depositing substances by thermal evaporation in vacuum chambers
US2621624A (en) * 1944-01-29 1952-12-16 Chilowsky Constantin Apparatus for manufacture of piezo-electric elements
US2622041A (en) * 1948-08-03 1952-12-16 Nat Res Corp Deposition of metal on a nonmetallic support
US2664852A (en) * 1950-04-27 1954-01-05 Nat Res Corp Vapor coating apparatus
US2671034A (en) * 1950-12-16 1954-03-02 Julian S Steinfeld Method for producing magnetic recording tape
US2702760A (en) * 1951-04-25 1955-02-22 Western Electric Co Method of applying metallic stripes to a web of paper
GB770077A (en) * 1954-04-03 1957-03-13 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Method and apparatus for the production of films having a plurality of components

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL33314C (fr) * 1931-10-05

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB432466A (en) * 1933-07-13 1935-07-26 Ludwig August Sommer Improvements in metallising processing apparatus
US2382432A (en) * 1940-08-02 1945-08-14 Crown Cork & Seal Co Method and apparatus for depositing vaporized metal coatings
GB547806A (en) * 1941-03-10 1942-09-11 Cinema Television Ltd Improvements in or relating to photo-sensitive layers and methods of manufacturing such layers
US2384500A (en) * 1942-07-08 1945-09-11 Crown Cork & Seal Co Apparatus and method of coating
US2621624A (en) * 1944-01-29 1952-12-16 Chilowsky Constantin Apparatus for manufacture of piezo-electric elements
US2440135A (en) * 1944-08-04 1948-04-20 Alexander Paul Method of and apparatus for depositing substances by thermal evaporation in vacuum chambers
US2622041A (en) * 1948-08-03 1952-12-16 Nat Res Corp Deposition of metal on a nonmetallic support
US2664852A (en) * 1950-04-27 1954-01-05 Nat Res Corp Vapor coating apparatus
US2671034A (en) * 1950-12-16 1954-03-02 Julian S Steinfeld Method for producing magnetic recording tape
US2702760A (en) * 1951-04-25 1955-02-22 Western Electric Co Method of applying metallic stripes to a web of paper
GB770077A (en) * 1954-04-03 1957-03-13 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Method and apparatus for the production of films having a plurality of components

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3234022A (en) * 1960-08-08 1966-02-08 Polaroid Corp Diffusion-transfer reversal processes and elements useful in such processes
US3219449A (en) * 1962-12-11 1965-11-23 Technical Operations Inc Photographic medium having a binder-free silver halide layer and methods of preparing same
US3333981A (en) * 1963-01-17 1967-08-01 Technical Operations Inc Photographic material
US3297464A (en) * 1963-07-08 1967-01-10 Technical Operations Inc Method of making a photographic product
US3297463A (en) * 1963-07-08 1967-01-10 Tox Corp Method of making a photographic product
US3603285A (en) * 1968-11-05 1971-09-07 Massachusetts Inst Technology Vapor deposition apparatus
US3854442A (en) * 1971-08-20 1974-12-17 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vapor-deposition apparatus
US4123280A (en) * 1974-06-14 1978-10-31 Zlafop Pri Ban Silver halide vapor deposition method
US3971334A (en) * 1975-03-04 1976-07-27 Xerox Corporation Coating device
US4275141A (en) * 1979-10-22 1981-06-23 Corning Glass Works Polycrystalline tin oxide-silver chloride-cadmium chloride UV photosensitive film and method of use
US4323640A (en) * 1980-11-05 1982-04-06 Corning Glass Works Positive imaging method using doped silver halide medium

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE538926A (fr) 1959-07-03
DE938644C (de) 1956-02-02
FR1125819A (fr) 1956-11-08
GB802041A (en) 1958-09-24
CH330159A (de) 1958-05-31

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