US2845687A - Preparation of hair or other fibres for upholstery or other purposes - Google Patents

Preparation of hair or other fibres for upholstery or other purposes Download PDF

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Publication number
US2845687A
US2845687A US542740A US54274055A US2845687A US 2845687 A US2845687 A US 2845687A US 542740 A US542740 A US 542740A US 54274055 A US54274055 A US 54274055A US 2845687 A US2845687 A US 2845687A
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United States
Prior art keywords
layer
hair
needles
fibres
cam
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Expired - Lifetime
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US542740A
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English (en)
Inventor
Harold A Howard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hairlok Co Ltd
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Hairlok Co Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H18/00—Needling machines
    • D04H18/02—Needling machines with needles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B68—SADDLERY; UPHOLSTERY
    • B68G—METHODS, EQUIPMENT, OR MACHINES FOR USE IN UPHOLSTERING; UPHOLSTERY NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B68G7/00—Making upholstery
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions

Definitions

  • Carding machines are usually capable of producing quite regular bats, as long as the weight of hair per square foot is reasonably high. When attempts are made to produce lighter bats, however, irregularities and gaps tend to be increased.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to enable normally carded regular bats, of relatively high density, to be used in making layers which have a low final density to give a desired openness and lightness of texture.
  • I lap up a normal bat so as to produce a relatively dense layer, substantially heavier per square foot than is ultimately required, and then expand or stretch this layer to obtain the required low density or Weight of hair per square foot.
  • a method of reducing the density of a layer of loosely associated curled hair or like fibers comprises spreading the fibers apart, in small portions of the layer successively, by means of at least two sets of needles or the like which are caused repeatedly to enter the layer close together, move apart within the layer for a short distance, so as to increase the separation of fibres engaged respectively by needles ofdiiferent sets, and then withdraw from the layer.
  • the layer is convenient for the layer to be conveyed past a position at which the needles operate and, according to a further feature of the invention, the layer is also moved bodily, during the spreading of the fibres, by the sets of needles being caused, while entered in the layer, to move laterally in the same direction but to a difierent extent as between one set of needles and another, so that the sets of needles entrain the layer in their movement as well as moving apart within the layer.
  • Apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises a support for the layer of fibres, for example parallel plates forming a passage for the layer, two sets of needles extending transversely to the supports, for example on two bars opposed across a trans verse series of slots in the support plates, and means, such as rotary cams and followers, for moving the two sets of needles simultaneously into the layer, relatively apart laterally within the layer and then out of the layer.
  • Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a machine for simultaneously stretching and conveying a layer of hair.
  • Fig. 2 is a partial vertical section, similar to Fig. l, but showing a later position of the needles,
  • Fig. 3 is a front elevation of hair the machine, the other half being similar, and
  • Fig. 4 is a vertical section across the other half of the machine from that shown by Fig. 3.
  • the machine as shown comprises two main frame side a stable and rigid frame structure.
  • a verticallyspaced pair of horizontal support plates 9 and 10 which form a wide horizontal passage for a layer of hair 11.
  • the front border of the upper support plate 10 is curved up to provide a lead-in for the layer of hair which, as indicated, consists of two laps or superimposed bats.
  • the hair in the layer will have already been coated with rubber latex, or other adhesive, but will enter the machine with the adhesive still in a fluid state. The layer of hair entering the machine could however be dry and be treated with adhesive after leaving the machine.
  • the support plates 9 and 10 have, across the middle of each, a row of slots, numbered 12 in the lower plate 9 and 13 in the upper plate 10 (see Fig. 1), to allow a lower set of needles 14 and an upper set of needles 15 to enter the layer of hair between the support plates.
  • the mechanism for moving the needles is the same for each set of needles and is duplicated in each pillar so that there are four similar mechanisms.
  • the only 3 difference in operation is that the two upper mechanisms give the upper set of needles 15 a lateral movement of substantially twice the length of the lateral movement which the lower mechanisms give to the lower set of needles 14. Consequently, only one assembly of the mechanism will be described, the same reference numbers being used as far as possible on the corresponding parts of the other mechanisms.
  • the needles are set in a bar 16 carried by-a channelsection beam 17.
  • the bar 16 has holes through which extend, as sliding fits, studs 18 fixed in the web of the beam 17 and around each stud a coiled compression spring 19 bears on the bar 16 to urge it against the bases of the studs 18.
  • the bar 16 is thus mounted to move with the beam 17 but can yield perpendicularly thereto to avoid serious damage to the machine in the event of the needles fouling one of the support plates 9 or or meeting any other obstruction to their movement.
  • the beam 17 is carried at each end thereof by a pair of swinging links 20 and 21 pivoted to the beam and to the face of a sliding carrier plate 22 mounted to slide vertically in fixed guides 23 on the respective side pillar 1.
  • One of the beam-suspending links 20 is extended beyond its carrier plate pivot to form a cam-follower 24 for a rotary lift cam 25 to effect swinging of the beam relatively to the carrier plate and thus produce lateral movementof the set of needles.
  • the cam 25 is fixed on a cam-shaft 26 which carries a sprocket wheel 27 for a driving chain 28 from a sprocket 29 on the end 8 of the main driving shaft 3.
  • the shaft end 8 serves as the cam-shaft.
  • the cam-shaft also has fixed on it a cam disc 30 in the face of which is cut an eccentric circular cam groove 31 in which is engaged a roller follower 32 carried by a stud 33 fixed on the back of the carrier 22.
  • the cam 25 is also rotating and its lift is shaped and positioned to wipe the follower 24 to swing the beam 17 relatively quickly in one direction, to the right as viewed in Figs. 1 and 2, each time that the beam is closely ap preaching the respective support plate 9 or 10 and effect a slower return of the beam during the remainder of the stroke of the carrier plate.
  • the vertical movement of the follower 24, with the reciprocation of the carrier plate, is allowed for in the design of the cam 25.
  • This swinging of the beam 17 superimposes on the vertical movement of the needles a lateral movement while they are substantially fully entered in the hair layer 11, both sets of needles being simultaneously moved laterally in the same direction.
  • the lift of the upper cam 25 is however greater than that of the lower cam 25 so that the lateral movement of the upper set of needles is approximately twice that of the lower set of needles 14.
  • the two sets of needles thus conjointly entrain the hair layer 11 in their lateral movement but the upper set of needles moves faster and further laterally than the lower set from which it therefore moves further apart within the hair layer causing local stretching thereof.
  • the needles engage and stretch successive narrow bands of the hair layer as they move the layer bodily step-by-step through the passage between the support plates 9 and 10.
  • a method of reducing the density of a layer of loosely associated fibres which comprises spreading adjacent fibres apart in the direction of the plane of the layer by actuating at least two relatively movable sets of mutually parallel layer-penetrating members simultaneously to penetrate the layer perpendicularly to the plane of the layer, to be located laterally close together in the layer, move relatively apart laterally and maintaining parallel relationship within the layer for a short distance, so as to increase the separation in the plane of the layer of fibres engaged respectively by layer-penetrating members of different sets thereof, and then withdraw from the layer.
  • Apparatus for reducing the density of a layer of loosely associated fibres, by spreading adjacent fibres apart in the direction of the plane of the layer comprising an aperture support for, and parallel to the plane of, said layer, at least two adjacent relatively movable sets of mutually parallel layer-penetrating members directed perpendicularly through the apertures in said support, and means for cyclically moving said sets simultaneously perpendicularly towards said support, to pass said members through said apertures, relatively apart in a direction parallel to said support, to increase the separation of the members of one set and another whilst maintaining mutually parallel relationship of said members, and then perpendicularly away from said support.
  • said means for cyclically moving said sets comprises, for each said set, a carrier mounted to reciprocate perpendicularly to said support, parallel pairs of links pivotally connected respectively, about axes parallel to said support, on the one hand to said carrier and on the other hand to said respective set to mount said set to swing on said carrier with a motion parallel to said support, means for reciprocating said carrier and means for swinging said set on said carrier in synchronism with reciprocation of said carrier.
  • said means for reciprocating said carrier and for swinging said set comprises a rotary cam-shaft, an eccentric circular cam on said cam-shaft, a follower on said carrier engaged with said eccentric circular cam, a lift cam on said cam-shaft and an extension beyond its carrier pivot of one of each pair of said links in the form of a follower for said lift cam.
  • Apparatus for reducing the density of a layer of loosely associated fibres, by spreading adjacent fibres apart in the direction of the plane of the layer comprising a pair of multiple-apertured, vertically-spaced, horizontal support plates forming between them a horizontal passage for said layer, a parallel pair of beams extending closely across and respectively above and below said support plates and parallel thereto, a set of mutually parallel layer-penetrating needles on each said beam directed vertically through the apertures in said support plates, a vertically slidable carrier for each end respectively of each said beam, parallel pairs of links pivotally connected respectively, about horizontal axes, on the one hand to each said carrier and on the other hand to beams to repeatedly actuate said sets of needles to move cyclically close together vertically into said layer, relatively apart laterally and horizontally within said layer, whilst maintaining mutually parallel relationship, and vertically out of said layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
US542740A 1954-10-28 1955-10-25 Preparation of hair or other fibres for upholstery or other purposes Expired - Lifetime US2845687A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB31121/54A GB790118A (en) 1954-10-28 1954-10-28 Improvements in and relating to the preparation of hair or other fibres for upholstery or other purposes

Publications (1)

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US2845687A true US2845687A (en) 1958-08-05

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US542740A Expired - Lifetime US2845687A (en) 1954-10-28 1955-10-25 Preparation of hair or other fibres for upholstery or other purposes

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2845687A (de)
DE (1) DE1031628B (de)
FR (1) FR1133768A (de)
GB (1) GB790118A (de)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2970365A (en) * 1958-08-04 1961-02-07 Morgenstern David Needled fabric and method
US3038215A (en) * 1959-01-21 1962-06-12 Kimberly Clark Co Manufacture of apertured cellulosic products
US3090099A (en) * 1960-05-13 1963-05-21 Chatham Mfg Company Method of needle punching fabrics so as to interlace the fibers thereof
US3132406A (en) * 1962-03-16 1964-05-12 Fiberwoven Corp Needle loom
US3150434A (en) * 1963-02-06 1964-09-29 William Bywater Ltd Web needling machines
US3156965A (en) * 1960-12-01 1964-11-17 Hairlok Company Ltd Method of making a compressed rubberized hair pad
US3216082A (en) * 1962-12-11 1965-11-09 Dunlop Rubber Co Method of making shaped felt
US3309753A (en) * 1964-04-15 1967-03-21 J J Marx Needle board for felting looms and the like
US3341397A (en) * 1960-12-01 1967-09-12 Hairlok Company Ltd Rubberised hair
US3535756A (en) * 1969-05-13 1970-10-27 Goodrich Co B F Needle punch machine and method
DE1435763B1 (de) * 1960-05-26 1971-03-11 Fiberwoven Corp Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer genadelten Ware aus einem Vlies von lose geschichteten Fasern
US5058241A (en) * 1989-05-31 1991-10-22 Caipo Engineering System S.R.L. Method and apparatus for combining fibres formed into slivers for supply to textile machinery
US6175996B1 (en) * 1999-07-22 2001-01-23 Weavexx Corporation Method of forming a papermakers' felt
US20020162203A1 (en) * 2001-04-19 2002-11-07 Textilmaschinenfabrik Dr. Ernst Fehrer Aktiengesellschaft An apparatus for needling a non-woven material
US7430790B1 (en) * 2005-04-26 2008-10-07 Don Bowles Felting machine
US20110035914A1 (en) * 2009-08-14 2011-02-17 Oskar Dilo Maschinenfabrik Kg Drive and Guide Device in a Needle Loom

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US976033A (en) * 1909-04-16 1910-11-15 Delmont Seymour Brown Needling-machine.
US2177604A (en) * 1937-08-12 1939-10-24 Bigelow Sanford Carpet Co Inc Needling machine
US2372484A (en) * 1942-08-05 1945-03-27 Joseph A Gould Felting method and machine
US2377564A (en) * 1942-09-18 1945-06-05 Thomas A Unsworth Interlacing needle loom
US2404708A (en) * 1942-08-03 1946-07-23 Univ Tennessee Res Corp Sampling device
US2672673A (en) * 1951-02-10 1954-03-23 Ernest C Shaw Manufacture of fibrous material for filters and the like

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE26457C (de) * F. MAUSSNER in Nürnberg. 8. September 1883 ab Maschine zur Herstellung von Rofshaargeweben
DE1344C (de) * 1877-07-23 J. HARDY & G. HARDY in Wien Verbesserungen an Eisenbahnwagenbremsen
DE451881C (de) * 1925-10-23 1927-11-02 Richard Friedmann Polsterplatte
FR730732A (fr) * 1931-05-15 1932-08-20 Machine peigneuse défeutreuse

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US976033A (en) * 1909-04-16 1910-11-15 Delmont Seymour Brown Needling-machine.
US2177604A (en) * 1937-08-12 1939-10-24 Bigelow Sanford Carpet Co Inc Needling machine
US2404708A (en) * 1942-08-03 1946-07-23 Univ Tennessee Res Corp Sampling device
US2372484A (en) * 1942-08-05 1945-03-27 Joseph A Gould Felting method and machine
US2377564A (en) * 1942-09-18 1945-06-05 Thomas A Unsworth Interlacing needle loom
US2672673A (en) * 1951-02-10 1954-03-23 Ernest C Shaw Manufacture of fibrous material for filters and the like

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2970365A (en) * 1958-08-04 1961-02-07 Morgenstern David Needled fabric and method
US3038215A (en) * 1959-01-21 1962-06-12 Kimberly Clark Co Manufacture of apertured cellulosic products
US3090099A (en) * 1960-05-13 1963-05-21 Chatham Mfg Company Method of needle punching fabrics so as to interlace the fibers thereof
DE1435763B1 (de) * 1960-05-26 1971-03-11 Fiberwoven Corp Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer genadelten Ware aus einem Vlies von lose geschichteten Fasern
US3341397A (en) * 1960-12-01 1967-09-12 Hairlok Company Ltd Rubberised hair
US3156965A (en) * 1960-12-01 1964-11-17 Hairlok Company Ltd Method of making a compressed rubberized hair pad
US3132406A (en) * 1962-03-16 1964-05-12 Fiberwoven Corp Needle loom
US3216082A (en) * 1962-12-11 1965-11-09 Dunlop Rubber Co Method of making shaped felt
US3150434A (en) * 1963-02-06 1964-09-29 William Bywater Ltd Web needling machines
US3309753A (en) * 1964-04-15 1967-03-21 J J Marx Needle board for felting looms and the like
US3535756A (en) * 1969-05-13 1970-10-27 Goodrich Co B F Needle punch machine and method
US5058241A (en) * 1989-05-31 1991-10-22 Caipo Engineering System S.R.L. Method and apparatus for combining fibres formed into slivers for supply to textile machinery
US6175996B1 (en) * 1999-07-22 2001-01-23 Weavexx Corporation Method of forming a papermakers' felt
US20020162203A1 (en) * 2001-04-19 2002-11-07 Textilmaschinenfabrik Dr. Ernst Fehrer Aktiengesellschaft An apparatus for needling a non-woven material
US6748633B2 (en) * 2001-04-19 2004-06-15 Textilmaschinenfabrik Dr. Ernst Fehrer Aktienegesellschaft Apparatus for needling a non-woven material
US7430790B1 (en) * 2005-04-26 2008-10-07 Don Bowles Felting machine
US20110035914A1 (en) * 2009-08-14 2011-02-17 Oskar Dilo Maschinenfabrik Kg Drive and Guide Device in a Needle Loom
US8046884B2 (en) * 2009-08-14 2011-11-01 Oskar Dilo Maschinenfabrik Kg Drive and guide device in a needle loom

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB790118A (en) 1958-02-05
FR1133768A (fr) 1957-04-02
DE1031628B (de) 1958-06-04

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