US2224122A - High frequency apparatus - Google Patents

High frequency apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2224122A
US2224122A US306951A US30695139A US2224122A US 2224122 A US2224122 A US 2224122A US 306951 A US306951 A US 306951A US 30695139 A US30695139 A US 30695139A US 2224122 A US2224122 A US 2224122A
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United States
Prior art keywords
velocity
members
frequency
circuit
electrons
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US306951A
Inventor
Ramo Simon
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication date
Priority to BE436872D priority Critical patent/BE436872A/xx
Priority to BE433819D priority patent/BE433819A/xx
Priority to BE434657D priority patent/BE434657A/xx
Priority to BE437641D priority patent/BE437641A/xx
Priority to BE437339D priority patent/BE437339A/xx
Priority to US153602A priority patent/US2220839A/en
Priority to US201954A priority patent/US2192049A/en
Priority to US201953A priority patent/US2220840A/en
Priority to US211124A priority patent/US2222901A/en
Priority to US211123A priority patent/US2498886A/en
Priority to GB17531/38A priority patent/GB518015A/en
Priority to DEA11137D priority patent/DE908743C/en
Priority to CH208065D priority patent/CH208065A/en
Priority to FR840676D priority patent/FR840676A/en
Priority to BE429160D priority patent/BE429160A/xx
Priority to US238213A priority patent/US2233166A/en
Priority to US243397A priority patent/US2240183A/en
Priority to US248799A priority patent/US2235527A/en
Priority to US248771A priority patent/US2200962A/en
Priority to FR50493D priority patent/FR50493E/en
Priority to DEA10506D priority patent/DE922425C/en
Priority to US276172A priority patent/US2222902A/en
Priority to GB16051/39A priority patent/GB533500A/en
Priority to CH231586D priority patent/CH231586A/en
Priority to FR855554D priority patent/FR855554A/en
Priority to DEA11978D priority patent/DE919245C/en
Priority to US301629A priority patent/US2266595A/en
Priority to US301628A priority patent/US2200986A/en
Priority to FR50997D priority patent/FR50997E/en
Priority to GB29175/39A priority patent/GB533939A/en
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US306952A priority patent/US2247338A/en
Priority to US306951A priority patent/US2224122A/en
Priority to FR51015D priority patent/FR51015E/en
Priority to GB31223/39A priority patent/GB533826A/en
Priority to US310059A priority patent/US2222899A/en
Priority to FR51024D priority patent/FR51024E/en
Priority to DEA11605D priority patent/DE927157C/en
Priority to GB20/40A priority patent/GB553529A/en
Priority to GB21/40A priority patent/GB553266A/en
Priority to US332022A priority patent/US2292151A/en
Priority to FR51215D priority patent/FR51215E/en
Priority to US347744A priority patent/US2276806A/en
Priority to DEA11312D priority patent/DE937300C/en
Priority to FR51483D priority patent/FR51483E/en
Priority to FR51485D priority patent/FR51485E/en
Priority to FR51484D priority patent/FR51484E/en
Priority to GB17164/40A priority patent/GB555863A/en
Priority to GB17165/40A priority patent/GB555864A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2224122A publication Critical patent/US2224122A/en
Priority to FR51488D priority patent/FR51488E/en
Priority to NL100492A priority patent/NL76327C/xx
Priority to DEA8879D priority patent/DE926317C/en
Priority to FR51527D priority patent/FR51527E/en
Priority to CH222371D priority patent/CH222371A/en
Priority to BE441873D priority patent/BE441873A/xx
Priority to FR51862D priority patent/FR51862E/en
Priority to CH223415D priority patent/CH223415A/en
Priority to BE442681D priority patent/BE442681A/xx
Priority to FR51863D priority patent/FR51863E/en
Priority to FR51864D priority patent/FR51864E/en
Priority to BE446480D priority patent/BE446480A/xx
Priority to US45638042 priority patent/USRE22506E/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/10—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
    • F16F9/14—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
    • F16F9/16—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts
    • F16F9/18—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein
    • F16F9/19—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein with a single cylinder and of single-tube type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
    • H01J23/40—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit
    • H01J23/48—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit for linking interaction circuit with coaxial lines; Devices of the coupled helices type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/06—Tubes having only one resonator, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the modulation produced in the modulator zone is mainly velocity modulation, e.g. Lüdi-Klystron
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/12—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/22—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/22—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone
    • H01J25/24—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone in which the electron stream is in the axis of the resonator or resonators and is pencil-like before reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/86—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks
    • H01J29/88—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J5/02—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith; Vacuum locks
    • H01J5/08—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith; Vacuum locks provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/04—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with variable factor of coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03C—MODULATION
    • H03C3/00—Angle modulation
    • H03C3/30—Angle modulation by means of transit-time tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L5/00—Automatic control of voltage, current, or power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/02—Amplitude-modulated carrier systems, e.g. using on-off keying; Single sideband or vestigial sideband modulation
    • H04L27/04—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits

Definitions

  • the invention utilizes the comanode 20, by which it is collected.
  • the cylinder may either sociated with a circuit which includes a con- 50 55 an accelerating electrode it which is spaced the members 25, 26 and'llprovided proper correr nte'ane aie io" UNITED S m-res; PATENT: OFFlCE a HIGH APPARATUS Simon Ramo, Schenectady, N. Y., assignor to Gen- Y grytjlilectric Company, a co ration of New Application November 30, rest, Sei'lalNo. 366,951 .5 Claims. (CL 250-36)
  • the present invention relates to high frefrom the cathode andwhich may be biased to a.
  • v v 'ing system for use at frequencies so high that, Afterthe electron beam issues from thecylin- 5 electron transit time considerations play a condrical electrode I6 it is caused successively to f v trolling part in the operation of the apparatus. traverse two ring-like electrodes l8 and l l which A'more'speciflc object of the invention condeflnebetween them a region of substantially sists in the provision of an improved system for fixed beam velocity. Upon passage through the generating frequency modulated signals. electrode IS, the beam is caused to impinge on bination of two independent signal-generating In the operation of the. device described above,
  • the invention itself, together with is provided a high'frequency electrode'arrange- ,further objects and advantages thereof, may ment adapted to cooperate with the beam.
  • the electrodes which make up thehigh fredescription taken in connection with the acquency system include a-series' of sequentially mp y drawil in which Figure 1 lliu v arranged tubular conductive members which trates diagrammatically a high frequency .appaconcentrically surround the envelope and which 'ratus embodying the invention, and Figure 2 is 'are respectively numbered 25 to 29,;inclusive, a.
  • the tubular members which bearodd numbers the operation of, the apparatus or Figure 1, are conductively" connected and are held at al
  • the appar tus shown comprises an electron common potential by connection to the'posib am tube having an elongated tubular envelope tive terminal of the battery 24.
  • the members portion II and an enlarged electrode contain- 26 and 28, on, the other hand, constitute inde- 4 ins
  • Portion L T nvel pe is preferably conpendent electrodes which are capable of varying it e Of a low-1 insulatin m teri l, such in potentiaiat a desired frequency.
  • section of the electron stream passing through the member 26 at any given instant contains at various points along its length electrons of relatively high and relatively low velocity.
  • the action of the faster electrons in catching up with the slower ones causes bunchlng of the electrons and. produces charge density' variations in the portion of the electron stream issuing from the member 26. Becauseof this fact, conduction currents of cyclically varying character are induced fin the member, 26 at its leaving end, so that an oscillating circuit appropriately connected to the member may be maintained in the excited :5 condition.
  • the beam velocity which is required to cause excitation of the circuit associated with the former is different from that required to excite the circuit associated with the latter. Consequently, by changing the beam velocity from time to time it is readily possible to cause one or the other of the oscillating circuits to be selectively excited, Moreover, initiation of oscillation in one circuit will obviously be attended by cessation of oscillation in the other circuit.
  • a manually operable switch or key 42 which is adapted to be shunted across. the battery 23 so as to eliminate the effect of this battery in establishing the potential of the beam-velocity-determining electrode l8.
  • g high resistance 43 connected in series with the battery and the switch, prevents the current drawn-during closure of the switch from being excessive.
  • the relationship of .the' batteries 23 and 24 is such that with the switch may be caused to vary sequently,
  • the beam velocity is appropriate to produce excitation of the electrode .26 and its connected circuit, whereas for the closed condition of the switch, the circuit associated with the electrode 26 is exclusively ex- 5 cited.-
  • the signal output of the apparatus By alternately opening and closing the switch 42 the signal output of the apparatus as a whole between the frequency of oscillation of the circuit 32, 33 and the fre- 10 quency of oscillation of the circuit 31, 38.
  • Conthe signal which is transmitted by the apparatus will be frequency modulated as indicated by the graphical representation of Figure 2.
  • the irregular line A 15 represents the transition of the apparatus from the condition in which it generates a signal of frequency f1, corresponding to oscillation of the circuit 32, 33, to a condition in which it gencrates a higher frequency f2, corresponding to 20 oscillation of the circuit 31, 36.
  • This variation of frequency may be given intelligence-conveying significance by controlling the length of the time interval during which either signal frequency is generated.
  • the combination which includes means for producing an electron stream of controllable velocity, 8. pair of oscillating systems coupled -to said stream, one of said systems being adapted to be excited by the stream to generate a signal of a first desired frequency upon the attainment of a first predetermined 50 velocity of the stream and the other of said systems being adapted to be excited to generate a signal of a different desired frequency upon the attainment of a second predetermined velocity of the stream, and means for repeatedly varying the 55 velocity of the stream between its first and second predetermined values, thereby to cause the signal output of the apparatus to vary between the said' two desired frequencies.
  • the combination which includes means for producing a beam of electrons of controllable velocity, a series of con- 55.
  • the di-'- mensions of certain ofsaid members being such as to assure effective mutual reaction of the members and the beam for a'first attainable beam 70 velocity, and the dimension of certain others of said members being such as to assure effective mutual reaction of the members and the beam for a second attainable beam velocity, an oscillating system including said certain members for de- 75 Ire - path;
  • the combination whichincludes means for producing a beam of electrons of controllable velocity, a series of variously dimensioned conductive tubular members surrounding the beam at sp'acedpoints' along its reaction of the members and the beam for a first attainable beam velocity, and the axial dimensions of certain others of said members being such as to assure eifective mutual reaction of suchmembers and the beam for a second attainable beam velocity, an oscillating system including said certain members, another oscillating system including said others of said members, and means for varying the beam. velocity between its said: first and second attainable values, thereby sucthe axial dimensions of certain of said members being such as to assure effective mutual cessively and independently to excite the oscillating systems.
  • the combination which includes means for producing a beam of electrons of controllable velocity, means to control the velocity of said electrons topredetermined values,
  • the combination which includes means for producing a beam of electrons of controllablevelocity, means to control the velocity oi! said electrons to predetermined values,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Electron Beam Exposure (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Vessels, Lead-In Wires, Accessory Apparatuses For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)

Description

Dec. ,3, 1940. s; RAMO HIGH FREQUENCY APPARATUS Filed Nov. 30, 1939 .d w wtt m J haw w n t m 3% N ni .w M SWH Briefly stated, the invention utilizes the comanode 20, by which it is collected.
6 result in excitation of the two signal-generating 23 and-24. In order to maintain the beam in go I 45 electron gun, f r p ins an electron b The electrode 26 is associ ted with. tuned .5
50 a concentrated beam. The cylinder may either sociated with a circuit which includes a con- 50 55 an accelerating electrode it which is spaced the members 25, 26 and'llprovided proper correr nte'ane aie io" UNITED S m-res; PATENT: OFFlCE a HIGH APPARATUS Simon Ramo, Schenectady, N. Y., assignor to Gen- Y grytjlilectric Company, a co ration of New Application November 30, rest, Sei'lalNo. 366,951 .5 Claims. (CL 250-36) The present invention relates to high frefrom the cathode andwhich may be biased to a. quency electronic apparatus and has for its obsuitable positive-potential, say, several hundred ject the provision of an improved signal-generatvolts. v v 'ing system for use at frequencies so high that, Afterthe electron beam issues from thecylin- 5 electron transit time considerations play a condrical electrode I6 it is caused successively to f v trolling part in the operation of the apparatus. traverse two ring-like electrodes l8 and l l which A'more'speciflc object of the invention condeflnebetween them a region of substantially sists in the provision of an improved system for fixed beam velocity. Upon passage through the generating frequency modulated signals. electrode IS, the beam is caused to impinge on bination of two independent signal-generating In the operation of the. device described above,
- systems coupled to a single electron stream by the electrodes I8 and I! may appropriately be which they are adapted to be excited. The sig- -maintained at a potential several thousand volts nals developed by the two systems are of difabove the cathode, while the anode '20 should ferent frequency, andeach system is of such be held at a somewhat lower potential. for efg; character as to be exc'ted only upon the at- -flcient collectionof the beam. These-potential 'tainment of a particular velocity of the electron relationships may be established by means of stream. Consequently, by varying the stream suitable voltage sources, which areconvention-l velocity between the values which respectively ally represented in the dra ing batteries 22 systems,-the output of the apparatus as a whole focus during its passage along the axis of the Y may be caused to vary from one frequency to anenvelope one may employ a series of magnetic. other at a controllable rate. The ultimate effocusing coils (not shown), or other knownfect, therefore, is to produce a frequency modufocusing means. o5 lated signal. The combination of elements so-far described 25 The features which I desire to protect herein comprises means for prbducing-auriidirectional are pointed out with particularity in the appendbeam of electrons. Outside the envelope there ed claims. The invention itself, together with is provided a high'frequency electrode'arrange- ,further objects and advantages thereof, may ment adapted to cooperate with the beam. best be understood by reference to the following The electrodes which make up thehigh fredescription taken in connection with the acquency system include a-series' of sequentially mp y drawil in which Figure 1 lliu v arranged tubular conductive members which trates diagrammatically a high frequency .appaconcentrically surround the envelope and which 'ratus embodying the invention, and Figure 2 is 'are respectively numbered 25 to 29,;inclusive, a. ap a ep on u u i p aini The tubular members which bearodd numbers the operation of, the apparatus or Figure 1, are conductively" connected and are held at al The appar tus shown comprises an electron common potential by connection to the'posib am tube having an elongated tubular envelope tive terminal of the battery 24. The members portion II and an enlarged electrode contain- 26 and 28, on, the other hand, constitute inde- 4 ins Portion L T nvel pe is preferably conpendent electrodes which are capable of varying it e Of a low-1 insulatin m teri l, such in potentiaiat a desired frequency. For reasons a 'sla a'q k which will be given hereinafter, the members 7 The t bu r en b po HHS p i just referred to are ofdifierent lengths, as will at one end with mean su as a known type f be apparent from ins ection of the drawing. j
The wmbimtlon Which-18 0'" 9 this P circuit and signal-transmitting means which ,are pose'comprises-a cathode l4, indicated in dottedrespectively represented by the combination of I outline, and a focusing cylinder is for focus-- a condenser 32 and an inductance I3 and by an ing the electrons emitted from the cathode into antenna 35. Similarly, the electrode 28 is as be connected directly tothe cathod as shown, denser 31, an inductance 38 and an antenna 18.:
or mai a ne few'volts p ive or negative It is known that high frequency oscillations with respect to it. In order to accelerate the may be developed by means of an electrode comelectrons to'a desired extent there is provided 1 bination such as that which is represented by relation exists between the length of the intermediate electrode (26) and the velocity of the electrons traversing it. In this connection, let it be assumed that a cyclically alternating po- 5 tentlal is impressed between the member 26 and the members 25 and 21. It is clear that as a result of the potential gradients thus developed, electrons traversing the gap between members 25 and 26 are variously effected in velocity del0 pending on the portion of the potential cycle at which they reach the gap. Consequently, the
section of the electron stream passing through the member 26 at any given instant contains at various points along its length electrons of relatively high and relatively low velocity. The action of the faster electrons in catching up with the slower ones causes bunchlng of the electrons and. produces charge density' variations in the portion of the electron stream issuing from the member 26. Becauseof this fact, conduction currents of cyclically varying character are induced fin the member, 26 at its leaving end, so that an oscillating circuit appropriately connected to the member may be maintained in the excited :5 condition. Referring more specifically to the arrangement of Fig. 1, self-sustained oscillations .of the circuit 32, 33 may be developed provided the electron transit time through the member 26 is such as to correspond approximately to a quarter-cycle of the resonant frequency of the circuit, or to certain multiples thereof, including the fifth and ninth multiples.
It is apparent that for a fixed length of the member 26 the condition referred to in the pre- V 35 ceding paragraph can be obtained only for the particular velocity of the beam which is adapted to provide the proper electron transit time through the member. Consequently, excitation ofthe circuit 32,, 33 may be accomplished only provided the potential of the electrode [8 is ad- .iusted to a critical value. If this value is 'materially departed from, oscillation of the circuit will cease.
Inasmuch as the length of the member 23 is shown as being materially different from the length of the member 26, it will be readily understood'that the beam velocity which is required to cause excitation of the circuit associated with the former is different from that required to excite the circuit associated with the latter. Consequently, by changing the beam velocity from time to time it is readily possible to cause one or the other of the oscillating circuits to be selectively excited, Moreover, initiation of oscillation in one circuit will obviously be attended by cessation of oscillation in the other circuit. In accordance with my present invention provision is made for varying the electron beam velocity between the value which is appropriate for excitation of the signal-generating system associated with the member 26- and that which is appropriate for excitation of the system associated with the member 26. In this connection; there is shown as one possible means of accomplishing the desired end, a manually operable switch or key 42 which is adapted to be shunted across. the battery 23 so as to eliminate the effect of this battery in establishing the potential of the beam-velocity-determining electrode l8. A
g high resistance 43, connected in series with the battery and the switch, prevents the current drawn-during closure of the switch from being excessive. In the intended condition of operation of the apparatus, the relationship of .the' batteries 23 and 24 is such that with the switch may be caused to vary sequently,
32 in its open position, the beam velocity is appropriate to produce excitation of the electrode .26 and its connected circuit, whereas for the closed condition of the switch, the circuit associated with the electrode 26 is exclusively ex- 5 cited.-
By alternately opening and closing the switch 42 the signal output of the apparatus as a whole between the frequency of oscillation of the circuit 32, 33 and the fre- 10 quency of oscillation of the circuit 31, 38. Conthe signal which is transmitted by the apparatus will be frequency modulated as indicated by the graphical representation of Figure 2. In this figure, the irregular line A 15 represents the transition of the apparatus from the condition in which it generates a signal of frequency f1, corresponding to oscillation of the circuit 32, 33, to a condition in which it gencrates a higher frequency f2, corresponding to 20 oscillation of the circuit 31, 36. This variation of frequency may be given intelligence-conveying significance by controlling the length of the time interval during which either signal frequency is generated. Thus, it is readily possible to-adapt 25 the invention to a dot-dash system of intelli-' gence-communicatlon, such as is utilized in conventional code signalling practice. Receiving devices by which a signal of the type specified may be detected and translated are well known. 30
While I have described my invention by reference to a. particular embodiment thereof it will be understood that numerous modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the. invention. I therefore 5 aim in the appended claims to cover all such. equivalent modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the foregoing disclosure.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is: m
- 1. In electronic signal-generating apparatus for use at frequencies so high that electron transit time considerations play a controlling part in the operation of the apparatus, the combination which includes means for producing an electron stream of controllable velocity, 8. pair of oscillating systems coupled -to said stream, one of said systems being adapted to be excited by the stream to generate a signal of a first desired frequency upon the attainment of a first predetermined 50 velocity of the stream and the other of said systems being adapted to be excited to generate a signal of a different desired frequency upon the attainment of a second predetermined velocity of the stream, and means for repeatedly varying the 55 velocity of the stream between its first and second predetermined values, thereby to cause the signal output of the apparatus to vary between the said' two desired frequencies.
2. In electronic signaling apparatus for use at 6 frequencies so high that electron transit time considerations play a controlling part in the operation of the apparatus, the combination which includes means for producing a beam of electrons of controllable velocity, a series of con- 55.
ductive members successively coupled to the beam at spaced points along the beam path, the di-'- mensions of certain ofsaid members being such as to assure effective mutual reaction of the members and the beam for a'first attainable beam 70 velocity, and the dimension of certain others of said members being such as to assure effective mutual reaction of the members and the beam for a second attainable beam velocity, an oscillating system including said certain members for de- 75 Ire - path;
eration of the apparatus, the combination whichincludes means for producing a beam of electrons of controllable velocity, a series of variously dimensioned conductive tubular members surrounding the beam at sp'acedpoints' along its reaction of the members and the beam for a first attainable beam velocity, and the axial dimensions of certain others of said members being such as to assure eifective mutual reaction of suchmembers and the beam for a second attainable beam velocity, an oscillating system including said certain members, another oscillating system including said others of said members, and means for varying the beam. velocity between its said: first and second attainable values, thereby sucthe axial dimensions of certain of said members being such as to assure effective mutual cessively and independently to excite the oscillating systems.
4. In electronic signaling apparatus, for use at frequencies so high that electron transit time considerations play a controlling part in the operation of the apparatus, the combination which includes means for producing a beam of electrons of controllable velocity, means to control the velocity of said electrons topredetermined values,
a first oscillatory means excitable to oscillation at one said velocity coupled to said beam and a second oscillatory means excitable to oscillation at another said velocity likewise coupled to said beam.
5. In electronic signaling apparatus for use at frequencies so high that electron transit time considerations play a controlling part in the operation of the apparatus, the combination which includes means for producing a beam of electrons of controllablevelocity, means to control the velocity oi! said electrons to predetermined values,
means to derive oscillatory current of one irequency from said beam at one said velocityand other means to derive an oscillatory current or a second frequency from said beam at a second said velocity.
SIMON RAMO.
US306951A 1937-07-14 1939-11-30 High frequency apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2224122A (en)

Priority Applications (61)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE436872D BE436872A (en) 1937-07-14
BE433819D BE433819A (en) 1937-07-14
BE434657D BE434657A (en) 1937-07-14
BE437641D BE437641A (en) 1937-07-14
BE437339D BE437339A (en) 1937-07-14
US153602A US2220839A (en) 1937-07-14 1937-07-14 Electrical discharge device
US201954A US2192049A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-04-14 Electron beam device
US201953A US2220840A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-04-14 Velocity modulation device
US211124A US2222901A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-06-01 Ultra-short-wave device
US211123A US2498886A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-06-01 Ultra short wave device
GB17531/38A GB518015A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-06-13 Improvements in and relating to electric discharge devices
DEA11137D DE908743C (en) 1937-07-14 1938-07-08 Procedure for the operation of run-time tubes
CH208065D CH208065A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-07-12 Device with a discharge tube.
FR840676D FR840676A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-07-13 Improvements to discharge tubes
BE429160D BE429160A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-07-14
US238213A US2233166A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-11-01 Means for transferring high frequency power
US243397A US2240183A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-12-01 Electric discharge device
US248799A US2235527A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-12-31 Polyphase generator for ultra short wave lengths
US248771A US2200962A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-12-31 Ultra short wave device
FR50493D FR50493E (en) 1937-07-14 1939-04-14 Improvements to discharge tubes
DEA10506D DE922425C (en) 1937-07-14 1939-04-15 Arrangement for practicing a method for operating run-time tubes
US276172A US2222902A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-05-27 High frequency apparatus
GB16051/39A GB533500A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-05-31 Improvements in and relating to ultra short wave devices
CH231586D CH231586A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-05-31 Device for generating electrical oscillations of very high frequency.
FR855554D FR855554A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-06-01 Ultra-shortwave devices
DEA11978D DE919245C (en) 1937-07-14 1939-06-02 Arrangement for practicing a method for operating run-time tubes
US301629A US2266595A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-10-27 Electric discharge device
US301628A US2200986A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-10-27 Modulation system
FR50997D FR50997E (en) 1937-07-14 1939-10-31 Ultra-shortwave devices
GB29175/39A GB533939A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-11-01 Improvements in high frequency electric apparatus
US306952A US2247338A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-11-30 High frequency apparatus
US306951A US2224122A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-11-30 High frequency apparatus
FR51015D FR51015E (en) 1937-07-14 1939-11-30 Ultra-shortwave devices
GB31223/39A GB533826A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-12-01 Improvements in and relating to electric discharge devices
US310059A US2222899A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-12-19 Frequency multiplier
FR51024D FR51024E (en) 1937-07-14 1939-12-29 Ultra-shortwave devices
DEA11605D DE927157C (en) 1937-07-14 1939-12-31 Arrangement for practicing a method for maintaining an essentially constant output power in ultra-short wave tubes
GB20/40A GB553529A (en) 1937-07-14 1940-01-01 Improvements in electron discharge devices for generating polyphase high frequency oscillations
GB21/40A GB553266A (en) 1937-07-14 1940-01-01 Improvements in and relating to high frequency electron discharge apparatus
US332022A US2292151A (en) 1937-07-14 1940-04-27 Electric discharge device
FR51215D FR51215E (en) 1937-07-14 1940-05-27 Ultra-shortwave devices
US347744A US2276806A (en) 1937-07-14 1940-07-26 High frequency apparatus
DEA11312D DE937300C (en) 1937-07-14 1940-09-25 Time-of-flight tube with speed-modulated electron beam
FR51483D FR51483E (en) 1937-07-14 1940-09-27 Ultra-shortwave devices
FR51485D FR51485E (en) 1937-07-14 1940-10-26 Ultra-shortwave devices
FR51484D FR51484E (en) 1937-07-14 1940-10-26 Ultra-shortwave devices
GB17164/40A GB555863A (en) 1937-07-14 1940-12-02 Improvements in high frequency electric apparatus
GB17165/40A GB555864A (en) 1937-07-14 1940-12-02 Improvements in high frequency electric apparatus
FR51488D FR51488E (en) 1937-07-14 1940-12-19 Ultra short wave device
NL100492A NL76327C (en) 1937-07-14 1941-02-26
DEA8879D DE926317C (en) 1937-07-14 1941-02-28 Arrangement for practicing a method for operating run-time tubes
FR51527D FR51527E (en) 1937-07-14 1941-04-25 Ultra-shortwave devices
CH222371D CH222371A (en) 1937-07-14 1941-06-05 Electric discharge tube.
BE441873D BE441873A (en) 1937-07-14 1941-06-25
FR51862D FR51862E (en) 1937-07-14 1941-07-25 Ultra-shortwave devices
CH223415D CH223415A (en) 1937-07-14 1941-09-08 Electric discharge tube with quartz wall.
BE442681D BE442681A (en) 1937-07-14 1941-09-10
FR51863D FR51863E (en) 1937-07-14 1941-09-25 Ultra-shortwave devices
FR51864D FR51864E (en) 1937-07-14 1941-10-07 Ultra-shortwave devices
BE446480D BE446480A (en) 1937-07-14 1942-07-17
US45638042 USRE22506E (en) 1937-07-14 1942-08-27 Electrical discharge device

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US153602A US2220839A (en) 1937-07-14 1937-07-14 Electrical discharge device
US201954A US2192049A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-04-14 Electron beam device
US201953A US2220840A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-04-14 Velocity modulation device
US211123A US2498886A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-06-01 Ultra short wave device
US238213A US2233166A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-11-01 Means for transferring high frequency power
US243397A US2240183A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-12-01 Electric discharge device
US306951A US2224122A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-11-30 High frequency apparatus
CH222371T 1941-06-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2224122A true US2224122A (en) 1940-12-03

Family

ID=42200828

Family Applications (18)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US153602A Expired - Lifetime US2220839A (en) 1937-07-14 1937-07-14 Electrical discharge device
US201953A Expired - Lifetime US2220840A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-04-14 Velocity modulation device
US201954A Expired - Lifetime US2192049A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-04-14 Electron beam device
US211124A Expired - Lifetime US2222901A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-06-01 Ultra-short-wave device
US211123A Expired - Lifetime US2498886A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-06-01 Ultra short wave device
US238213A Expired - Lifetime US2233166A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-11-01 Means for transferring high frequency power
US243397A Expired - Lifetime US2240183A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-12-01 Electric discharge device
US248771A Expired - Lifetime US2200962A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-12-31 Ultra short wave device
US248799A Expired - Lifetime US2235527A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-12-31 Polyphase generator for ultra short wave lengths
US276172A Expired - Lifetime US2222902A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-05-27 High frequency apparatus
US301629A Expired - Lifetime US2266595A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-10-27 Electric discharge device
US301628A Expired - Lifetime US2200986A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-10-27 Modulation system
US306952A Expired - Lifetime US2247338A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-11-30 High frequency apparatus
US306951A Expired - Lifetime US2224122A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-11-30 High frequency apparatus
US310059A Expired - Lifetime US2222899A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-12-19 Frequency multiplier
US332022A Expired - Lifetime US2292151A (en) 1937-07-14 1940-04-27 Electric discharge device
US347744A Expired - Lifetime US2276806A (en) 1937-07-14 1940-07-26 High frequency apparatus
US45638042 Expired USRE22506E (en) 1937-07-14 1942-08-27 Electrical discharge device

Family Applications Before (13)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US153602A Expired - Lifetime US2220839A (en) 1937-07-14 1937-07-14 Electrical discharge device
US201953A Expired - Lifetime US2220840A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-04-14 Velocity modulation device
US201954A Expired - Lifetime US2192049A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-04-14 Electron beam device
US211124A Expired - Lifetime US2222901A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-06-01 Ultra-short-wave device
US211123A Expired - Lifetime US2498886A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-06-01 Ultra short wave device
US238213A Expired - Lifetime US2233166A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-11-01 Means for transferring high frequency power
US243397A Expired - Lifetime US2240183A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-12-01 Electric discharge device
US248771A Expired - Lifetime US2200962A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-12-31 Ultra short wave device
US248799A Expired - Lifetime US2235527A (en) 1937-07-14 1938-12-31 Polyphase generator for ultra short wave lengths
US276172A Expired - Lifetime US2222902A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-05-27 High frequency apparatus
US301629A Expired - Lifetime US2266595A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-10-27 Electric discharge device
US301628A Expired - Lifetime US2200986A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-10-27 Modulation system
US306952A Expired - Lifetime US2247338A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-11-30 High frequency apparatus

Family Applications After (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US310059A Expired - Lifetime US2222899A (en) 1937-07-14 1939-12-19 Frequency multiplier
US332022A Expired - Lifetime US2292151A (en) 1937-07-14 1940-04-27 Electric discharge device
US347744A Expired - Lifetime US2276806A (en) 1937-07-14 1940-07-26 High frequency apparatus
US45638042 Expired USRE22506E (en) 1937-07-14 1942-08-27 Electrical discharge device

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (18) US2220839A (en)
BE (9) BE429160A (en)
CH (4) CH208065A (en)
DE (5) DE908743C (en)
FR (15) FR840676A (en)
GB (8) GB518015A (en)
NL (1) NL76327C (en)

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FR51483E (en) 1942-08-12
GB555864A (en) 1943-09-10
CH208065A (en) 1939-12-31
BE446480A (en) 1942-08-31
FR840676A (en) 1939-05-02
DE927157C (en) 1955-05-02
US2276806A (en) 1942-03-17
FR51484E (en) 1942-08-12
CH223415A (en) 1942-09-15
GB518015A (en) 1940-02-15
BE434657A (en)
US2222899A (en) 1940-11-26
GB533826A (en) 1941-02-20
FR51863E (en) 1943-05-24
US2222901A (en) 1940-11-26
BE437339A (en)
US2292151A (en) 1942-08-04
FR51864E (en) 1943-05-24
US2192049A (en) 1940-02-27
DE919245C (en) 1954-10-18
GB553529A (en) 1943-05-26
FR50493E (en) 1940-11-14
DE908743C (en) 1954-04-08
DE926317C (en) 1955-04-14
FR50997E (en) 1941-05-19
US2235527A (en) 1941-03-18
BE436872A (en)
FR51215E (en) 1941-12-20
US2200962A (en) 1940-05-14
FR51862E (en) 1943-05-24
US2247338A (en) 1941-06-24
FR855554A (en) 1940-05-15
FR51527E (en) 1942-10-05
US2240183A (en) 1941-04-29
US2220840A (en) 1940-11-05
CH222371A (en) 1942-07-15
GB533939A (en) 1941-02-24
GB533500A (en) 1941-02-14
BE442681A (en) 1942-02-28
BE441873A (en) 1942-02-28
FR51015E (en) 1941-05-28
CH231586A (en) 1944-03-31
BE433819A (en)
GB555863A (en) 1943-09-10
US2222902A (en) 1940-11-26
BE429160A (en) 1938-08-31
US2266595A (en) 1941-12-16
BE437641A (en)
FR51488E (en) 1942-08-12
USRE22506E (en) 1944-06-27
GB553266A (en) 1943-05-14
US2220839A (en) 1940-11-05
NL76327C (en) 1954-11-15
US2233166A (en) 1941-02-25
US2498886A (en) 1950-02-28
US2200986A (en) 1940-05-14
FR51024E (en) 1941-05-28
FR51485E (en) 1942-08-12
DE922425C (en) 1955-01-17

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