US2160797A - Electron discharge apparatus - Google Patents

Electron discharge apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2160797A
US2160797A US111809A US11180936A US2160797A US 2160797 A US2160797 A US 2160797A US 111809 A US111809 A US 111809A US 11180936 A US11180936 A US 11180936A US 2160797 A US2160797 A US 2160797A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cathodes
primary
electron
electrodes
electron discharge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US111809A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gordon K Teal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US111809A priority Critical patent/US2160797A/en
Priority to US111810A priority patent/US2160798A/en
Priority to US111796A priority patent/US2134718A/en
Priority to US111808A priority patent/US2160796A/en
Priority to FR824648D priority patent/FR824648A/fr
Priority to US160997A priority patent/US2236041A/en
Priority to US161747A priority patent/US2160799A/en
Priority to GB31091/37A priority patent/GB500448A/en
Priority to GB31090/37A priority patent/GB500447A/en
Priority to GB31885/37A priority patent/GB505663A/en
Priority to US176566A priority patent/US2245605A/en
Priority to US205931A priority patent/US2245624A/en
Priority to GB20896/38A priority patent/GB500170A/en
Priority to GB21222/38A priority patent/GB502528A/en
Priority to FR49655D priority patent/FR49655E/fr
Priority to NL89371A priority patent/NL49799C/xx
Priority to FR49980D priority patent/FR49980E/fr
Priority to DE1938W0003971 priority patent/DE886343C/de
Priority to GB33529/38A priority patent/GB521077A/en
Priority to CH208067D priority patent/CH208067A/de
Priority to BE431298D priority patent/BE431298A/xx
Priority to CH214485D priority patent/CH214485A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2160797A publication Critical patent/US2160797A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
    • H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
    • H01J43/20—Dynodes consisting of sheet material, e.g. plane, bent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
    • H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electron discharge apparatus and more particularly to push-pull amplifiers including electron discharge devices having secondary electron emitting electrodes.
  • One object of this invention is tosimplify electron discharge amplifying apparatus and thereby to reduce the number of component elements requisite to produce a desired high degree of amplification.
  • Another object of this invention is to simplify and to improve the structure of electron discharge devices comprising a plurality of groups of electrodes within a single enclosing vessel.
  • a push-pull amplifier comprises an electron discharge device including a pair of primary cathodes, a pair of anodes or collector electrodes each in cooperative relation with one of the primary cathodes, and a plurality ofequal rows of secondary cathodes, each row being in alignment with one of the primary cathodes and in cooperative relation with the corresponding anode or collector electrode.
  • the secondary cathodes in each of the rows maybe channel shaped, for example rectangulated U in form, and disposed edge to edge with corresponding surfaces substantially coplanar as described in my copending application, Serial No. 111,808, filed November 20, 1936. Corresponding secondary cathodes in the two rows may be electrically connected.
  • the electrodes may be disposed in a strong magnetic field, which may be at substantially right angles to the axis of alignment of the oathodes and substantially parallel to the bases of the secondary cathodes. successively increasing positive potentials may be applied to the secondary cathodes so that each secondary cathode is at a potential higher than that upon the next preceding one with reference to the corresponding primary cathode.
  • An output circuit is connected to the anodes or collector electrodes.
  • the primary cathodes may be energized in any suitable manner to cause the emission of electrons therefrom and means are provided for varying the energization in accordance with a signal to be amplified, so that when the electron stream from one of the primary cathodes is increased that from the other of these cathodes is decreased to an equal degree.
  • the primary electrons under the influence of the magnetic field and the potentials upon the electrodes, are directed toward the secondary cathodes nearest the primary cathodes and impinge thereupon to cause the emission of secondary electrons. These electrons in turn impinge upon the next succeeding and associated secondary cathodes to cause the emanation of other secondary electrons. This action is repeated at each of the secondary cathodes and the electrons emanating from the cathodes furthest 5 removed from the primary cathodes flow to the collector electrodes and constitute the output current.
  • the secondary cathodes may have portions treated or coated so that the electron streams l0 emanating therefrom are of greater magnitude than the electron streams flowing thereto Hence, in effect an electron multiplication and an amplification obtains at each of the secondary cathodes. 15
  • Fig. 1 is an elevational view in perspective of 20 an electron discharge device illustrative of one embodiment of this invention, a portion of the enclosing vessel being broken away to show the internal structure more clearly;
  • Fig. 2 is a top view of the cathode structure 25 included in the device shown in Fig. 1, showing the association of the device with an external magnet;
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail view in perspective and partly exploded showing the association of 30 the electrodes and the supporting uprights in the device shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail view in perspective of a collector electrode or anode
  • Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating an am- 35 plifier embodying an electron discharge device constructed in accordance with this invention.
  • the electron discharge device shown therein comprises an elongated enclosing vessel 10 having a stem ll 40 provided intermediate its ends with an integral annular flange l2. Clamped about the stem II is a metallic band or collar I3 which has affixed thereto a plurality, for example four, of rigid up- .rights or supports I l.
  • the supports or uprights 45 I4 carry a pair of channel shaped parallel cross or tie members l5, each of which securely grasps and supports an insulating support or upright 16, for example a strip of mica or the like.
  • insulating uprights 16 are maintained in parallel 50 relation by insulating braces or cross members Il', such as strips of mica or the like, having parallel slots in which the uprights l6 are frictionally fitted.
  • a central insulating upright l8 frictionally held at the end thereof remote from the stem I l in a slot in the upper insulating brace member [1.
  • the upright [8 also may be a strip of mica or the like.
  • the insulating supports I6 and :8 are provided with a plurality of parallel slots to form a plurality of aligned fingers l9 and support a pair of primary cathodes 20 and 23 shield or screen electrodes 2! and 2 l anodes 22 and 22 and a plurality of secondary or auxiliary cathodes 23 to 23 inclusive.
  • the secondary or auxiliary cathodes 23 to 23 inclusive are arranged in two equal parallel rows, each in alignment with one of the primary cathodes 20 and the corresponding shield or screen electrode 2
  • the primary and secondary cathodes may be of rectangulated U shape and formed in units of two from a single strip of material having a central channeled flange 24 fitted on one of the fingers IQ of the central upright l8 and end channeled flanges 25 grasping corresponding fingers IS on the insulating uprights I6.
  • the flanges 24 and 25 may be pro' vided with indentations 26 pressed into the uprights to securely lock the cathodes thereto.
  • Corresponding surfaces of the cathode units preferably are disposed in the same plane.
  • Each cathode strip may have aimed thereto a metallic clip 2'! serving as a terminal lug to which a leading-in conductor may be secured.
  • the cathode strips may be of any suitable metal and portions thereof, for example only the inner surfaces of the strips between the flanges 24 and 25 or all surfaces of the strips, may be treated to assure copious electron emission therefrom.
  • the strips may be of silver and have portions thereof oxidized and treated with caesium to form a coating including silver, caesium oxide and some free caesium.
  • Suitable potentials may be applied to the primary and secondary cathodes through leading-in conductors 28 extending from the stem I I, sealed in uniform space relation in the annular flange l2 and projecting therefrom.
  • Connecting wires 29 are afiixed at one end to one of the conductors 28 and at the other end to one of the terminal clips 21.
  • Preferably all but the ends of the wires 29 are encased in insulating material, such as glass sleeves 30.
  • Each of the anodes or collector electrodes 22 and 22 as shown clearly in Fig. 4, comprises a plate member provided at its corners with integral U shaped flanges 3! and 32, the flanges 3i grasping the insulating uprights I5 and being locked thereto by indentations 33.
  • the flanges 32 grasp and are locked to insulating strips 34 which are spaced from each other by other insulating strips 35 and are affixed to the central upright I8, together with the insulating strips 35, as by rivets 36, only one of which is shown.
  • Each anode has aifixed thereto a terminal clip 31 to which there is secured a connecting wire 38, encased in a glass sleeve 39, in turn secured to one of the leading-in conductors 28.
  • and 2l include a coarse mesh screen supported by rigid wires' lfl extending through the insulating uprights It and the insulating strips 34. Suitable potentials may be impressed upon these electrodes by tie wires 4i each connected to one of the wires 48 and one of the leading-in conductors 28, and encased in an insulating sleeve 42.
  • the secondary cathodes 23 are operated at successively higher positive potentials with respect to the primary cathodes.
  • the first secondary cathodes 23 and 23 may be operated at a potential of the order of 135 volts positive with respect to the primary cathodes 20 and 20 and the next secondary cathodes 23 and 23 may be operated at a potential of the order of 135 volts positive higher than the cathodes 23 and 23
  • the remaining cathodes are maintained at positive potentials of the order of 135 volts higher than the next preceding ones.
  • Fig. 5 wherein a number of the secondary cathodes are shown connected to equally spaced points on a potentiometer 43 supplied by a suitable source such as a rectifier Ml. Because of the large current drains the last two pairs of secondary cathodes are supplied with potentials from separate sources such as batteries 45, and the anodes and screen electrodes are connected to a separate source such as a battery 46.
  • the anodes 22 and 22 may be connected to opposite ends of the primary winding of a transformer 41, the secondary winding of which is connected to a utilization circuit.
  • a magnetic field of constant and high intensity is produced, during operation, as by a magnet 5i, at substantially right angles to the longitudinal axis of the enclosing vessel Hi and substantially parallel to the faces of the primary and secondary cathodes.
  • the primary cathodes 2i) and 20 may be energized to cause the emission of electrons therefrom by light beams emanating from sources, such as lamps 58, and focussed upon the coated portions of the cathodes by lenses 49.
  • the intensity of the light beams may be varied inaccordance with a signal to be translated, as by films 56, the films preferably being so striated and correlated that the variations in the two light beams. are equal but opposite in phase, that is, as the intensity of one beam is increased the intensity of the other beam is decreased to an equal degree.
  • the two signal light beams may be super-imposed upon biasing beams in phase.
  • the electrons emanating from the primary cathodes 20 and 29 are directed to and impinge upon the secondary cathodes 23 and 23 respectively and cause the emission of secondary electrons therefrom. These secondary electrons in turn are attracted to and impinge upon the secondary cathodes 23 and 23 to cause the release of other secondary electrons. This action is repeated at each of the secondary cathodes and the secondary electrons emanating from the cathodes 23 and 23 flow to the collector electrodes or anodes 22 and 22 and constitute the output current.
  • the electrodes of the discharge device are so associated as to cons titute'two units connected in push-pull, one unit comprising the primary cathode 20, shield electrode 2!, collector electrode 22, and the secondary cathodes 23 having odd exponents and the other unit comprising the primary cathode 20 shield electrode 2 l collector electrode 22 and the secondary cathodes 23 having even exponents.
  • the channel-shaped form of the cathodes prevents substantial lateral dispersion of the electrons and assures the formation of two substantially independent electron streams, one along each of the electrode units.
  • the electron streams emanating from each of these cathodes will be materially greater in intensity than the electron stream flowing thereto from the next preceding cathode.
  • an electron multiplication occurs at each of the secondary cathodes and an amplification of the signal corresponding to the light beams playing upon the primary cathodes obtains.
  • the degree of amplification will be dependent upon, among other factors, the character of the treated surfaces of the cathodes, the potentials upon the electrodes and the parameters of the electrodes. In devices of the specific construction heretofore described, amplifications of the order of 18,000 have been obtained.
  • each electrode unit includes eight secondary cathodes, a greater or lesser number may be employed.
  • the primary cathodes 20 and 20 have been shown as of the photoelectric type, other types, for example thermionic, directly or indirectly heated, may be utilized and separate grids provided adjacent the primary cathodes for varying the electron streams from the primary cathodes to the first secondary cathodes 23 and 23 in accordance with the signals to be translated.
  • the primary cathodes may be energized by an electron beam or beams directed thereupon from a suitable electron source within the enclosing vessel.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comprising a plurality of primary cathodes, a plurality of laterally adjacent rows of secondary cathodes, each of said rows being in alignmentwith a corresponding one of said primary cathodes, means segregating the electron emissive surfaces of the secondary cathodes in each row from the emissive surfaces of the cathodes in the other rows, a plurality of collector electrodes each in cooperative relation to a corresponding row of said secondary cathodes, and means electrically connecting corresponding secondary cathodes in said rows.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comprising a pair of primary cathodes, a pair of collector electrodes each in alignment with one of said. primary cathodes, and a pair of rows of superposed channel shaped secondary cathodes, the secondary cathodes in each row being mounted edge to edge, each row being in alignment with one of said primary cathodes and the corresponding collector electrode, and corresponding cathodes in said rows being mounted side by side.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comprising a pair of primary cathodes disposed side by side, a pair of collector electrodes insulated from each other and each disposed in alignment with one of said primary cathodes, and a plurality of metallic strip members between said primary cathodes and said collector electrodes, said strip members having two spaced electron emitting portions each in alignment with one of said primary cathodes and the collector electrode corresponding thereto and having a flange segregating said electron emitting portions.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comprising a pair of primary cathodes, a pair of collector electrodes each in alignment with one of said primary cathodes, and a plurality of conductive strip members between said primary cathodes and said collector electrodes, each of said strip members including two U-shaped electron emitting portions each disposed in alignment with one of said primary cathodes and the collector electrode corresponding thereto.
  • Electron discharge apparatus in accordance with the next preceding claim wherein the U- shaped portions of successive strip members are disposed edge to edge with corresponding sides thereof in common planes.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comprising a unitary assembly including a pair of insulating supports, a pair of primary cathodes supported adjacent one end of said supports, a pair of collector electrodes afiixed to said supports adjacent the other end thereof, and each in cooperative relation to a corresponding one of said primary cathodes, a plurality of metallic members disposed one above the other between said primary cathodes and said collector electrodes and having two spaced electron emitting portions each in alignment with one of said primary cathodes and the collector electrode associated therewith, said metallic members having also aligned flanges between said electron emitting portions, and an insulating support secured to said flanges.
  • Electron discharge apparatus in accordance with the next preceding claim comprising an envelope enclosing the unitary assembly, said envelope having a stem, and means carried by said stem and secured to said pair of insulating supports, mounting said unitary assembly from said stem.

Landscapes

  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
  • Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
  • Common Detailed Techniques For Electron Tubes Or Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
US111809A 1936-11-20 1936-11-20 Electron discharge apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2160797A (en)

Priority Applications (22)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US111809A US2160797A (en) 1936-11-20 1936-11-20 Electron discharge apparatus
US111810A US2160798A (en) 1936-11-20 1936-11-20 Electron discharge apparatus
US111796A US2134718A (en) 1936-11-20 1936-11-20 Electron discharge apparatus
US111808A US2160796A (en) 1936-11-20 1936-11-20 Electron discharge apparatus
FR824648D FR824648A (fr) 1936-11-20 1937-07-22 Appareil de décharge d'électrons
US160997A US2236041A (en) 1936-11-20 1937-08-26 Electron discharge device
US161747A US2160799A (en) 1936-11-20 1937-08-31 Electron discharge device
GB31091/37A GB500448A (en) 1936-11-20 1937-11-12 Improvements in or relating to electron discharge apparatus of the electron multiplier type
GB31090/37A GB500447A (en) 1936-11-20 1937-11-12 Improvements in or relating to electron discharge apparatus of the electron multiplier type
GB31885/37A GB505663A (en) 1936-11-20 1937-11-19 Improvements in or relating to electron discharge apparatus of the electron multiplier type
US176566A US2245605A (en) 1936-11-20 1937-11-26 Electron multiplier
US205931A US2245624A (en) 1936-11-20 1938-05-04 Electron discharge apparatus
GB20896/38A GB500170A (en) 1936-11-20 1938-07-14 Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices utilising secondary emission and electrode structures therefor
GB21222/38A GB502528A (en) 1936-11-20 1938-07-18 Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices utilising secondary emission
FR49655D FR49655E (fr) 1936-11-20 1938-07-26 Appareil de décharge d'électrons
NL89371A NL49799C (fr) 1936-11-20 1938-08-18
FR49980D FR49980E (fr) 1936-11-20 1938-11-14
DE1938W0003971 DE886343C (de) 1936-11-20 1938-11-16 Elektronenvervielfacher
GB33529/38A GB521077A (en) 1936-11-20 1938-11-18 Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices
CH208067D CH208067A (de) 1936-11-20 1938-11-23 Elektronenvervielfacher.
BE431298D BE431298A (fr) 1936-11-20 1938-11-26
CH214485D CH214485A (de) 1936-11-20 1939-05-01 Elektronen-Vervielfacherröhre mit rein elektrischer Führung der Elektronen.

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US111809A US2160797A (en) 1936-11-20 1936-11-20 Electron discharge apparatus
US111810A US2160798A (en) 1936-11-20 1936-11-20 Electron discharge apparatus
US111808A US2160796A (en) 1936-11-20 1936-11-20 Electron discharge apparatus
US111796A US2134718A (en) 1936-11-20 1936-11-20 Electron discharge apparatus
US160997A US2236041A (en) 1936-11-20 1937-08-26 Electron discharge device
US161747A US2160799A (en) 1936-11-20 1937-08-31 Electron discharge device
US176566A US2245605A (en) 1936-11-20 1937-11-26 Electron multiplier
US205931A US2245624A (en) 1936-11-20 1938-05-04 Electron discharge apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2160797A true US2160797A (en) 1939-05-30

Family

ID=22644877

Family Applications (8)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US111809A Expired - Lifetime US2160797A (en) 1936-11-20 1936-11-20 Electron discharge apparatus
US111810A Expired - Lifetime US2160798A (en) 1936-11-20 1936-11-20 Electron discharge apparatus
US111808A Expired - Lifetime US2160796A (en) 1936-11-20 1936-11-20 Electron discharge apparatus
US111796A Expired - Lifetime US2134718A (en) 1936-11-20 1936-11-20 Electron discharge apparatus
US160997A Expired - Lifetime US2236041A (en) 1936-11-20 1937-08-26 Electron discharge device
US161747A Expired - Lifetime US2160799A (en) 1936-11-20 1937-08-31 Electron discharge device
US176566A Expired - Lifetime US2245605A (en) 1936-11-20 1937-11-26 Electron multiplier
US205931A Expired - Lifetime US2245624A (en) 1936-11-20 1938-05-04 Electron discharge apparatus

Family Applications After (7)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US111810A Expired - Lifetime US2160798A (en) 1936-11-20 1936-11-20 Electron discharge apparatus
US111808A Expired - Lifetime US2160796A (en) 1936-11-20 1936-11-20 Electron discharge apparatus
US111796A Expired - Lifetime US2134718A (en) 1936-11-20 1936-11-20 Electron discharge apparatus
US160997A Expired - Lifetime US2236041A (en) 1936-11-20 1937-08-26 Electron discharge device
US161747A Expired - Lifetime US2160799A (en) 1936-11-20 1937-08-31 Electron discharge device
US176566A Expired - Lifetime US2245605A (en) 1936-11-20 1937-11-26 Electron multiplier
US205931A Expired - Lifetime US2245624A (en) 1936-11-20 1938-05-04 Electron discharge apparatus

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (8) US2160797A (fr)
BE (1) BE431298A (fr)
CH (2) CH208067A (fr)
DE (1) DE886343C (fr)
FR (3) FR824648A (fr)
GB (6) GB500447A (fr)
NL (1) NL49799C (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2846591A (en) * 1955-06-11 1958-08-05 Philips Corp Safety circuit arrangment for multiplier tubes
US2945144A (en) * 1958-07-11 1960-07-12 Zeiss Jena Veb Carl Secondary electron multipliers

Families Citing this family (34)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE865161C (de) * 1940-01-20 1953-01-29 Sueddeutsche Telefon App Anordnung zur Modulation einer oder mehrerer Haupttraegerfrequenzen mit zwei oder mehreren modulierten Hilfstraegerfrequenzen
US2433724A (en) * 1944-05-29 1947-12-30 Farnsworth Res Corp Phototube multiplier
US2451400A (en) * 1944-09-09 1948-10-12 Oran T Mcilvaine Photoelectric tube
US2585044A (en) * 1945-02-05 1952-02-12 Farnsworth Res Corp Gain control apparatus
US2582141A (en) * 1946-09-16 1952-01-08 Bendix Aviat Corp Sonic tube
US2627044A (en) * 1948-06-23 1953-01-27 Continental Electric Company Cathode for photocells
US2760097A (en) * 1950-12-22 1956-08-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Cathode structures
GB777457A (en) * 1954-02-25 1957-06-26 Bendix Aviat Corp Electron multiplier
US2953703A (en) * 1954-06-14 1960-09-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp Photomultiplier design having high response to x-rays
US2903595A (en) * 1954-12-24 1959-09-08 Rca Corp Electron multiplier
US2826704A (en) * 1955-01-03 1958-03-11 Bendix Aviat Corp Magnetic electron multiplier gate
US2932768A (en) * 1955-10-21 1960-04-12 Bendix Aviat Corp Magnetic electron multiplier
US2909689A (en) * 1955-09-12 1959-10-20 Gen Electric Support strap for electron gun structures
US2897391A (en) * 1957-04-02 1959-07-28 George B Erskine Studded electrode and method of manufacture
NL228956A (fr) * 1957-07-06
GB892454A (en) * 1959-05-21 1962-03-28 Bush And Rank Cintel Ltd Improvements in or relating to electron multipliers
US2950408A (en) * 1959-10-30 1960-08-23 Hughes Aircraft Co Multi-gap collimation lens for use in direct-view storage tube
US3191086A (en) * 1960-11-23 1965-06-22 Radames K H Gebel Secondary emission multiplier intensifier image orthicon
FR1313827A (fr) * 1961-11-03 1963-01-04 Philips Brasil Procédé de fabrication d'éléments en forme de jalousies, applicable à la réalisation de dynodes de photomultiplicateurs
US3390272A (en) * 1965-03-31 1968-06-25 Sylvania Electric Prod Photomultiplier
US3519870A (en) * 1967-05-18 1970-07-07 Xerox Corp Spiraled strip material having parallel grooves forming plurality of electron multiplier channels
US3506868A (en) * 1967-05-22 1970-04-14 Bendix Corp Positive-type electron multiplier channels connected in series
US3538328A (en) * 1968-03-04 1970-11-03 Varian Associates Scintillation-type ion detector employing a secondary emitter target surrounding the ion path
GB1470162A (en) * 1973-02-27 1977-04-14 Emi Ltd Electron multiplying arrangements
US3875441A (en) * 1973-11-29 1975-04-01 Rca Corp Electron discharge device including an electron emissive electrode having an undulating cross-sectional contour
US3944867A (en) * 1974-03-15 1976-03-16 Zenith Radio Corporation Shadow mask having ribs bounding rectangular apertures
US4143291A (en) * 1976-04-22 1979-03-06 S.R.C. Laboratories, Inc. Dynode for a photomultiplier tube
US4184098A (en) * 1976-04-22 1980-01-15 S.R.C. Laboratories, Inc. Cone type dynode for photomultiplier tube
FR2445018A1 (fr) * 1978-12-22 1980-07-18 Anvar Tube multiplicateur d'electrons a champ magnetique axial
DE2904696A1 (de) * 1979-02-08 1980-08-21 Proxitronic Funk Gmbh & Co Kg Photoelektronenvervielfacher
AU561469B2 (en) * 1981-08-25 1987-05-07 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Electron multiplier
US4415832A (en) * 1981-11-20 1983-11-15 Rca Corporation Electron multiplier having an improved planar utlimate dynode and planar anode structure for a photomultiplier tube
US4446401A (en) * 1981-11-20 1984-05-01 Rca Corporation Photomultiplier tube having improved count-rate stability
US5656807A (en) * 1995-09-22 1997-08-12 Packard; Lyle E. 360 degrees surround photon detector/electron multiplier with cylindrical photocathode defining an internal detection chamber

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2846591A (en) * 1955-06-11 1958-08-05 Philips Corp Safety circuit arrangment for multiplier tubes
US2945144A (en) * 1958-07-11 1960-07-12 Zeiss Jena Veb Carl Secondary electron multipliers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US2160798A (en) 1939-05-30
GB521077A (en) 1940-05-10
GB500447A (en) 1939-02-09
FR49655E (fr) 1939-05-30
FR824648A (fr) 1938-02-14
FR49980E (fr) 1939-09-29
DE886343C (de) 1953-08-13
GB500448A (en) 1939-02-09
US2236041A (en) 1941-03-25
US2245605A (en) 1941-06-17
CH214485A (de) 1941-04-30
NL49799C (fr) 1941-01-15
GB500170A (en) 1939-02-03
US2160796A (en) 1939-05-30
CH208067A (de) 1939-12-31
GB505663A (en) 1939-05-16
US2134718A (en) 1938-11-01
US2160799A (en) 1939-05-30
BE431298A (fr) 1939-01-31
GB502528A (en) 1939-03-20
US2245624A (en) 1941-06-17

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