Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F4/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of proteins; Manufacture thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01C—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
  • D01C3/00—Treatment of animal material, e.g. chemical scouring of wool

Definitions

• This invention relates to a process for the manufacture of spun goods, fabrics and other textiles, with the employment or co-employment of threads obtained from animal hide material.
• textiles as aforesaid can be manufactured with the employment of threads, whicli have been obtained by converting the hide material with if desired, by mechanical treatment, into a pasty slippery condition whilst maintaining the fibres and thereafter extruding the paste under high pressure through tapering nozzles.
• Threads of the diameter customarily employed in the manufacture of textiles can only be produced from a paste of the aforesaid consistency by direct' extrusion through nozzles.
• the process of this invention is carried into effeet by causing the hide material to undergo extensive swelling either in an alkaline or an acid medium.
• a treatment also be followed by a treatment with acid liquids.
• the treatment is preferably not carried out in the neighbourhood of the isoelectric point, but either in a pronounced alkaline medium at pH values over 12, or in a pronounced acid medium at pH values below 4.
• the skin or hide may for example be subjected to prolonged liming and be- .thereafter treated with acids, particularly hydrochloric acid. Other acids, such as formic acid or lactic acidymay be employedinstead of hydrochloric acid.
• the swelling treatment may also be carried out exclusively in an alkaline medium, for example in milk of lime or dilute caustic soda solution or successively in both.
• the swelling treatment may bepromoted by mechanical treatments, such as comminuting, pounding, pressing and the like. It is finally advisable to homogenize the fibrous paste by treating the same in a kneading machine or mixer,
• the fibrous hide paste prepared as aforesaid is extruded under- 'high. pressure through nozzles. Constantly and gradually tapering long nozzles may be used, in which event the fibrous hide -mass acquires only a relatively slight-acceleration during extrusion. Nozzles, which taper considerably along a relatively smalliength may, however, also be used.
• the diameter of the discharge opening of the nozzles should in general amount to from 0.01 to 0.5, mm. Nozzles of smaller or greater, diameter may also be used, depending'on thethickness of thread required in the further working .up thereof into textiles.
• the characteristic feature of this invention is that the threads required forthe further working up into textiles are obtained by extruding the fibrous hide massthrough the nozzles directly, 1. e. without subsequent further comminution or shredding.
• textiles can be manufactured with the employment of short threads, which have been obtained by effecting the production of the threads from the fibrous hide paste, for example the extrusion through'nozzles, or the further working up of the filaments, for example the withdrawal thereof, under such conditions that the artificial threads are divided into short pieces.
• shdrt threads for example efiected by employing a periodically changing pressure when extruding the fibrous hide paste through tapering nozzles.
• Slibrt threads tanning ?"
• the resulting short 75 are kneaded with 0.1% caustic soda solutiong areconveyed by means of a perforated belt into general the operation is carried out in such a way as to produce short threads 3 to 5 cms. in length.
• the thread discharging from the nozzle may be dried in a manner known per se, the colloid substance contained in surface of the thread to be sized.
• the sized thread can be rendered waterproof by treatmentwith tanning agents.
• An alternative procedure is directly to tan the threads discharging from the nozzles, for example by intercepting the threads in a suitable tanning bath.
• a second alternative is to size the threads, obtained by extrusion through nozzles and torn into short pieces by being taken up on an intermittently moving belt, by drying them on this belt or to tan them by spraying with tanning liquids.
• a third alternative is -to cause the discharging threads to be taken up on belts, particularly intermittently moving belts, which pass beneath tanning liquids.
• the threads may also be treated in the course of their production with agents which are adapted to improve their properties.
• agents which are adapted to improve their properties are those whichare capable .hairing are limed for solved by extruding through nozzles of 2 mms.
• agents adapted to improve the properties of the threads are softeners, wetting agents, mordants, fats, colours and the like.
• the resulting threads may be worked up alone or in conjunction with other fibres by the methods usually employed in the textile industry,
• Neats hides after a liming treatment of about four weeks are washed and brought by swelling with hydrochloric acid to a dry substance content of 12%.
• the hide material is then resolved with the aid of rollers and the fibrous mass is homogenized by kneading with water and adjusted to a dry content of 5%.
• This mass is extruded under a pressure of 500 atms. through tapering nozzles.
• the thread discharging from the nozzle is dried in the air, whereby it becomes sized on the surface by the setting of the colloidal substances contained therein, and rinsed.
• the thread is rendered waterproof by alternately moistening three times with a hardening liquid obtained from the distillation of wood and three times drying, and can thereafter be again rendered soft, lubricated and coloured,
• Pigs skins after removing the fat, are dehaired by liming, limed for eight days, then washed and acidified with hydrochloric acid.
• the resulting fibrous hide paste is extruded through nozzles as described in Example 1.
• the resulting threads are rendered waterproof by treatment in. chromium sulphate baths.
• De-tanned chrome leather parings are subjected to additional liming for three weeks, thereafter extensively freed from lime in a washing Hollander, then partially freed from water by suction, adjusted to a pH value of 2.4 with hydrochloric acid, ,thereafter worked up to a homogeneous pastecontaining 4% of dry substance and extruded through tapering nozzles under a pressure of atms.
• the thread discharging from the nozzle is dried and conveyed through a chromium sulphate bath containing 7% of Glaubers salt as a protection against swelling, rinsed, thereafter introduced for four weeks into a hot, moist chamber for the purpose of re-tanning, thereafter rinsed, drawn through lubricating and dyeing baths and finally dried under tension.
• the swollen hide material is resolved between rollers and the resulting mass is kneaded with water until it acquires a dry content of 5%.
• This mass is extruded through continuously tapering nozzles.
• the threads discharging from the nozzles are taken up on a belt which moves in termittently or in jerks and thereby tears the threads discharging from the nozzles into artificial fibres of 3-5 cms. length, which are then dried on the belt by -a current of air and are rendered waterproof by repeated moistening with I a hardening liquid obtained from wood distillates.
• De-tanned and acidified chrome leather parings are kneaded and the resulting mass is extruded through continuously tapering nozzles.
• the threads discharging from thenozzles are taken up on an intermittently moving belt and sprayed with a hardening liquid. The threads are thereby torn into artificial fibres of 3-5 ems.
• Cattle sinews converted by swelling, shredding and kneading with water with the addition of hydrochloric acid into a slippery fibrous paste, are extruded through nozzles under periodically changing pressure and the resulting short threads are intercepted in an ammonium chloride pickle. The resulting threads are screened oif, tanned 'with a 10% sumac solution, stored until completely tanned, washed, dried and thereafter coloured.
• Pig skins after removing the fat and dehairing are limed for eight days, then washed and treated with hydrochloric acid until thoroughly swollen;
• the swollen hide material is shredded between rollers and the fibrous mass is homogenized by kneading and adjusted to a dry content of 4%.
• This, paste is extruded under periodically changing pressure into a hydrochloric acid-common salt pickle, in which the resulting short threads are twisted individually or in bunches of several threads together.
• the threads are then lubricated and tanned.
• the threads may be directly intercepted in a tanning bath and be twisted during the tanning operation.
• the twisted threads are subjected to chrome tanning and thereafter stored until completely tanned.
• fibrous hide paste contains 6-12% of dry substance.
• Spun goods, fabrics and other textiles composed of dried and tanned filaments composed of collagenous animal fibres of substantially the same length as those contained in the natural hide embedded in a colloidal protein substance which filaments have. been formed by expressinga fibrous paste of animal hide material which contains at most 20% of dry susbtance and which is substantially free from expressible water and drying the expressed filaments whereby said filaments are sized by the setting of the colloidal substance contained therein.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=27202400

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (5)

• 0
  • NL NL42742D patent/NL42742C/xx active
  • BE BE411245D patent/BE411245A/xx unknown
• 1935
  • 1935-09-04 FR FR795027D patent/FR795027A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1935-09-09 US US39864A patent/US2120851A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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