Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
  • C08G18/75—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
  • C08G18/751—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring
  • C08G18/752—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group
  • C08G18/753—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group
  • C08G18/755—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group and at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to a secondary carbon atom of the cycloaliphatic ring, e.g. isophorone diisocyanate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
  • C08L75/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
  • C08G18/4266—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain prepared from hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or lactones
  • C08G18/4269—Lactones
  • C08G18/4277—Caprolactone and/or substituted caprolactone
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
  • C08G18/44—Polycarbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
  • C08G18/4825—Polyethers containing two hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
  • C08G18/4829—Polyethers containing at least three hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/721—Two or more polyisocyanates not provided for in one single group C08G18/73 - C08G18/80
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
  • C08G18/78—Nitrogen
  • C08G18/7806—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups
  • C08G18/7818—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups containing ureum or ureum derivative groups
  • C08G18/7831—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups containing ureum or ureum derivative groups containing biuret groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
  • C08L83/06—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
  • C09D175/06—Polyurethanes from polyesters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
  • C09D175/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/42—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences
  • C08G77/46—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing polyether sequences
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a curable composition that can be used as an adhesive for automobile parts, etc., and in particular, a curable composition that can be used as an adhesive for resin base materials.
• Patent Document 1 discloses that an adhesive composition combining a tetrafunctional OH compound and polycarbonate glycol with a urethane prepolymer consisting of PPG (polypropylene glycol) and MDI (diphenylmethane diisocyanate) can be used to improve adhesiveness to resin substrates.
• PPG polypropylene glycol
• MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
• the object of the present invention is to provide a curable composition having excellent adhesiveness to a resin substrate even if the pretreatment process is reduced, preferably without the pretreatment process.
• a curable composition comprising an urethane prepolymer (A) having a polyoxyalkylene backbone and an isocyanate group, and an urethane prepolymer (B) having a polycarbonate and/or polyester backbone and an isocyanate group.
• urethane prepolymer (A) comprises a reaction product of polyoxyalkylene polyol with a polyisocyanate (a)
• urethane prepolymer (B) comprises a reaction product of a polycarbonate polyol and/or a polyester polyol with a polyisocyanate (b).
• silicone additive (C) is a polyether-modified silicone.
• curable composition according to any one of items 8 to 10, wherein a kinematic viscosity of the additive (C) is 3000 mm 2 /s or more.
• the curable composition according to any one of items 1 to 11, comprising a latent curing agent.
• Adhesives that utilize the curable composition of the present invention can exhibit excellent adhesiveness in bonding between resin substrates even with a reduced pretreatment (such as plasma treatment or corona treatment) of the resin substrates or preferably without a pretreatment of the resin substrates.
• the curable composition in the present invention comprises an urethane prepolymer (A) having a polyoxyalkylene backbone and an isocyanate group, and an urethane prepolymer (B) having a polycarbonate and/or polyester backbone and an isocyanate group.
• urethane prepolymers are obtained by reacting polyol with excess polyisocyanate, and have isocyanate groups at the molecular ends.
• the isocyanate groups in the urethane prepolymer react with hydroxyl groups or amino groups to form polyurethane (including polyurea).
• the urethane prepolymer functions as a prepolymer for polyurethane.
• the urethane prepolymer (A) is an isocyanate group-containing polymer having a polyoxyalkylene backbone.
• a polyoxyalkylene backbone may be the backbone represented by the general formula (1):
• R 1 is an alkylene group, and p is an integer.
• R 1 may be a linear, branched-chain, or cyclic alkylene group, preferably a linear or branched-chain alkylene group.
• the number of carbons in R 1 may be 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 5.
• Examples of R 1 include ethylene group, propylene group, trimethylene group, n-butylene group (tetramethylene group), i-butylene group, s-butylene group, t-butylene group, etc., particularly ethylene group, propylene group, and tetramethylene group are preferable.
• R 1 may be the same or different.
• p may be 3 or more, for example, 5 or more, preferably 10 or more.
• the backbone of the urethane prepolymer (A) preferably have no backbone other than the polyoxyalkylene backbone, and may consist substantially only of the polyoxyalkylene backbone.
• the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the urethane prepolymer (A) may be 1000 or more, for example, 1500 or more, especially 2500 or more, and preferably 4000 or more. From the viewpoint of further improving the handling properties by lowering the viscosity of the urethane prepolymer (A), Mn may be 30000 or less, and preferably 15000 or less. From the viewpoint of a good combination of physical properties and handling properties, Mn may be 500 to 25000, preferably 1000 to 20000, and more preferably 2500 to 10000. Mn is a polystyrene equivalent value measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
• GPC gel permeation chromatography
• the urethane prepolymer (A) may comprise a reaction product of the raw polymer of the urethane prepolymer (A) and the polyisocyanate (a).
• the raw polymer of the urethane prepolymer (A) may be a linear or branched-chain (e.g., 3 end branched chain) polyoxyalkylene polyol.
• the raw polymer for the urethane prepolymer (A) may be a polyoxyalkylene polyol that can be obtained by addition polymerization of alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, triethanolamine, pentaerythritol, ethylenediamine, aromatic diamine, sorbitol, sucrose, etc.
• alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, triethanolamine, pentaerythritol, ethylenediamine, aromatic diamine, sorbitol, sucrose, etc.
• the number of hydroxyl groups possessed by the raw polymer of the urethane prepolymer (A) may be 2 to 8, preferably 2 to 4, and especially 2 or 3.
• the polyisocyanate (a) may be an aliphatic polyisocyanate or an aromatic polyisocyanate. From the viewpoint of durability of adhesion (e.g., water resistance, heat resistance, moisture resistance), aliphatic polyisocyanates are preferred, and alicyclic polyisocyanates are particularly preferred. Alicyclic polyisocyanates may be monocyclic alicyclic polyisocyanates or polycyclic alicyclic polyisocyanates (e.g., bicyclic alicyclic polyisocyanates, tricyclic alicyclic polyisocyanates, bridged-ring alicyclic polyisocyanates, etc.).
• aromatic polyisocyanates include tolylene diisocyanate (2,4- or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate or a mixture) (TDI), phenylene diisocyanate (m-, p-phenylene diisocyanate or mixtures thereof), 4,4′-diphenyl diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate (4,4′-, 2,4′ or 2,2′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate or mixtures thereof) (MDI), 4,4′-toluidine isocyanate (TODI), 4,4′-diphenyl ether diisocyanate, xylene diisocyanate (1,3- or 1,4-xylylene diisocyanate or mixtures thereof) (XDI), tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (1,3- or 1,4-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate or mixtures thereof) (TMXDI), ⁇ , ⁇ ′-di
• aliphatic polyisocyanates include acyclic aliphatic polyisocyanates such as trimethylene diisocyanate, 1,2-propylene diisocyanate, butylene diisocyanate (tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,2-butylene diisocyanate, 2,3-butylene diisocyanate, 1,3-butylene diisocyanate), hexamethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,6-diisocyanate-methylcapuate, lysine diisocyanate, lysine ester triisocyanate, 1,6,11-undecan triisocyanate, 1,3,6-hexamethylene triisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, decamethylene diisocyanate, etc.; monocyclic aliphatic polyisocyanates such as
• the number of the isocyanate group in the polyisocyanate (a) may be 2 to 8, preferably 2 to 4, especially 2 (diisocyanate).
• the molecular weight (e.g., number average molecular weight) of the polyisocyanate (a) may be 50 to 2000, for example 100 to 1500, preferably 150 to 1000.
• the carbon number of the polyisocyanate (a) may be 4 to 30, for example 5 to 12.
• the polyoxyalkylene polyol is reacted with polyisocyanate (a) so that the molar ratio (NCO/OH) of the hydroxyl group (—OH) of the polyoxyalkylene polyol to the isocyanate group (—NCO) of the polyisocyanate (a) is preferably 1.5 to 4, and more preferably 1.8 to 3.2.
• the urethane prepolymer (A) can be produced by reacting polyoxyalkylene polyol with polyisocyanate (a) in said molar ratio, for example, by heating and stirring at 50 to 130° C. During the reaction, an urethanation catalyst such as an organotin compound, organobismuth or an amine may be used.
• the —NCO group content of the urethane prepolymer (A) is preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, more preferably 1 to 7% by mass, and even more preferably 1.5 to 5% by mass.
• the —NCO group content can be measured by the method described in the Examples.
• the content of the urethane prepolymer (A) may be 10 to 80% by weight, for example 20 to 60% by weight, and 30 to 50% by weight is preferred, relative to the total weight of the curable composition.
• Urethane prepolymer (B) is an isocyanate-containing polymer having a polycarbonate and/or polyester backbone.
• the polycarbonate backbone may be a backbone represented by the general formula (2)
• R 2 is a divalent hydrocarbon group, and q is an integer.
• R 2 may be aromatic or aliphatic and is preferably a linear, branched-chain or cyclic alkylene group, more preferably a linear alkylene group.
• the number of carbons in R 2 may be 1 to 15, for example 2 to 10, preferably 3 to 7.
• Specific examples of R 2 include a trimethylene group, a propylene group, a tetramethylene group, a pentamethylene group, a hexamethylene group, and a heptamethylene group.
• R 2 may be the same or different.
• q may be 3 or more, for example, 5 or more, preferably 10 or more.
• the backbone may be a backbone represented by the general formula (3):
• R 3 is a divalent hydrocarbon group, and r is an integer.
• R 3 may be a linear, branched-chain, or cyclic alkylene group, and is preferably a linear alkylene group.
• the number of carbons in R 3 may be 1 to 15, for example, 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 7.
• Specific examples of R 3 include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a trimethylene group, a propylene group, a tetramethylene group, a pentamethylene group, a hexamethylene group, a heptamethylene group, and the like.
• R 3 may be the same or different.
• r may be 3 or more, for example 5 or more, preferably 10 or more.
• the polyester backbone may be a backbone represented by the general formula (4):
• R 31 and R 32 each independently is divalent hydrocarbon, and s is an integer.
• R 31 may be a divalent aromatic group (e.g., a phenylene group (p-phenylene group)) having 6 to 10 carbons or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbons (e.g., an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbons), preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 7 carbons.
• R 32 may be an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbons, for example, an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbons, preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbons.
• s may be 3 or more, for example, 5 or more, preferably 10 or more.
• the polyester backbone may be at least one of the backbone represented by general formula (3) and the backbone represented by general formula (4), but it is preferable that the polyester backbone comprises the backbone represented by general formula (3) because it tends to have excellent adhesiveness. It is not clear why, among the same ester bonds, a prepolymer (B) having a polyester backbone represented by Formula (3), which is obtained, for example, by ring-opening polymerization of a lactone, tends to have better adhesiveness to the base material than a polyester backbone represented by Formula (4), which is obtained, for example, by polycondensation of a polycarboxylic acid and a polyol.
• ester groups in the polyester backbone represented by formula (3) are oriented in the same direction, while the ester bonds next to each other in the polyester backbone represented by formula (4) are symmetrical. Therefore, it is presumed that the orientation of the ester bonds in the polyester backbone of the urethane prepolymer (B) affects the adhesiveness to the substrate, but the present invention is not limited to such presumption.
• the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the urethane prepolymer (B) may be 300 or more, for example 750 or more, preferably 1000 or more.
• Mn may be 4000 or less, for example 3000 or less, and preferably 2500 or less.
• Mn may be 300 to 4000, for example 750 to 4000, preferably 1000 to 3000.
• Mn is a polystyrene equivalent value measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
• the ratio of the number average molecular weight of the urethane prepolymer (B) to the number average molecular weight of the urethane prepolymer (A) may be less than 100%, for example less than 75%, and preferably less than 50%.
• the ratio of Mn of the urethane prepolymer (B) to Mn of the urethane prepolymer (A) may be 1% or more, for example 3% or more, and preferably 5% or more (e.g. 8% or more).
• the ratio of the Mn of the urethane prepolymer (B) to the Mn of the urethane prepolymer (A) may be 1% to 100%, for example 3 to 85%, preferably 5 to 55% or less. It is presumed that by selecting the Mn of the urethane prepolymer (A) and the Mn of the urethane prepolymer (B) to be within the above range, the urethane prepolymer (A) and the urethane prepolymer (B) will be more appropriately compatible with each other, resulting in an adhesive interface with excellent adhesiveness. However, the present invention is not limited to this presumption in any way.
• Urethane prepolymer (B) may comprise or be a reaction product of a raw polymer of the urethane prepolymer (B) with the polyisocyanate (b).
• the raw polymer of the urethane prepolymer (B) is a polycarbonate polyol or a polyester polyol.
• the raw polymer of the urethane prepolymer (B) has, for example, isocyanate groups on both ends.
• polycarbonate polyol is a polyol having a polycarbonate backbone.
• Polycarbonate polyol can be aromatic or aliphatic and is preferably aliphatic.
• Polycarbonate polyols can be obtained, for example, by reacting phosgene with a polyol (diol).
• the polyol can be aromatic or aliphatic, for example an aliphatic polyol (aliphatic diol), preferably an alkanediol.
• the raw polymer of the urethane prepolymer (B) may be a polycarbonate polyester polyol, having both a polycarbonate backbone and a polyester backbone.
• Polycarbonate polyester polyols can be aromatic or aliphatic and are preferably aliphatic.
• Polycarbonate polyester polyols can be obtained, for example, by reacting a polycarbonate polyol with a lactone and then lactone-modifying (polymerizing with the lactone) the polycarbonate polyol.
• the number of hydroxyl groups possessed by the raw polymer of urethane prepolymer (B) may be 2 to 8, preferably 2 to 4, and especially 2.
• the polyisocyanate (b) may be the same as the polyisocyanate (a) described above.
• the polyisocyanate (a) and polyisocyanate (b) may be the same or different.
• the raw polymer of the urethane prepolymer (B) and the polyisocyanate (b) are reacted so that the molar ratio of the hydroxyl group (—OH) of the raw polymer of the urethane prepolymer (B) to the isocyanate group (—NCO) of the polyisocyanate (b) (NCO/OH) is preferably 1.5 to 4, and more preferably 1.8 to 3.2.
• the urethane prepolymer (B) can be produced by reacting the raw polymer of the urethane prepolymer (B) with the polyisocyanate (b) at said molar ratio, for example, by heating and stirring at 50 to 130° C. During the reaction, an urethanation catalyst such as, for example, an organotin compound, organobismuth, or an amine may be used.
• the —NCO group content of the urethane prepolymer (B) is preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, more preferably 1 to 7% by mass, and even more preferably 1.5 to 5% by mass.
• the —NCO group content can be measured by the method described in the Examples.
• the content of the urethane prepolymer (B) may be 0.1 to 10% by weight, for example 0.3 to 7.5% by weight, with 1 to 5% being preferred, relative to the total weight of the curable composition.
• the urethane prepolymer (A) and the urethane prepolymer (B) may be produced simultaneously.
• a mixture of the raw polymer of the urethane prepolymer (A) and the raw polymer of the urethane prepolymer (B) with polyisocyanate (a) and/or polyisocyanate (b) both of the urethane prepolymer (A) and the urethane prepolymer (B) can be produced simultaneously.
• the curable composition in the present invention preferably comprises a silicone additive (C).
• a silicone additive is an additive composed of polyorganosiloxane, which may be used as a foaming agent.
• the silicone additive (C) may be a polyorganosiloxane (e.g. polydimethylsiloxane) or a modified silicone in which a specific structure has been introduced into the end, side chain or main chain of the polyorganosiloxane.
• the presence of the silicone additive (C) can improve the compatibility of the urethane prepolymer (A) and the urethane prepolymer (B). It can improve workability by facilitating the preparation of the curable composition.
• the inventor has found that by improving the compatibility of the urethane prepolymer (A) and the urethane prepolymer (B), the adhesiveness of the curable composition to the substrate can be improved.
• the molecular weight of the urethane prepolymer (A) is high (e.g., when the number average molecular weight of the urethane prepolymer (A) is 2500 or more, and especially when it is 4000 or more)
• the compatibility between the urethane prepolymer (A) and the urethane prepolymer (B) decreases, so the addition of a silicone additive is effective.
• the structure of the copolymer is not particularly limited, for example, an ABA type where polyoxyalkylene groups A are bonded to both ends of polysiloxane groups B; an (AB) n type where a plurality of polysiloxane groups B and a plurality of polyoxyalkylene groups A are bonded alternately; a branched type where polyoxyalkylene groups are bonded to each end of a branched polysiloxane group; and a pendant type where polyoxyalkylene groups are attached to the side chains (other than the ends) of the polysiloxane.
• the (AB) n type is preferred from the viewpoint of dispersibility and compatibility.
• the polyorganosiloxane group can be polydialkylsiloxane, for example polydimethylsiloxane.
• the polyoxyalkylene group can be polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, polyoxytetramethylene, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer, etc.
• the polyether-modified silicones may have an active-hydrogen-containing group or an active-hydrogen-reactive group as part of their structure (e.g., at the end).
• the active-hydrogen-containing group include a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a hydrazide group.
• the active-hydrogen-reactive group include an isocyanate group and an epoxy group.
• the compound obtained by reacting the active-hydrogen-containing group in the polyether-modified silicone with the active-hydrogen-reactive group in the compound containing the active-hydrogen-reactive group, or by reacting the active hydrogen-reactive group in the polyether-modified silicone with the active hydrogen-containing group in the compound containing the active hydrogen may be used as a polyether-modified silicone.
• the compounds containing active-hydrogen-reactive groups include polyisocyanate compounds and polyepoxy compounds.
• Examples of the active hydrogen-containing compounds include polyamine compounds, polyol compounds.
• the kinematic viscosity of the silicone additives at 25° C. can be adjusted by changing the polyorganosiloxane chain length, polyoxyalkylene chain length, and ethylene oxide/alkylene oxide ratio.
• the kinematic viscosity may be 1000 mm 2 /s or higher, for example 3000 mm 2 /s or higher, and preferably 5000 mm 2 /s or higher.
• the kinematic viscosity may be 30000 mm 2 /s or less, preferably 20000 mm 2 /s or less.
• the kinematic viscosity may be 4000 to 25000-mm 2 /s, for example, 6,000 mm 2 /s to 18,000 mm 2 /s.
• the kinematic viscosity can be measured by known methods.
• the specific gravity of the silicone additive can be adjusted by changing the content of the structure of the polyorganosiloxane, the structure of polyether and other structures.
• the specific gravity may be 0.92 or higher, preferably 0.98 or higher.
• the specific gravity may be 1.1 or less, preferably 1.07 or less.
• the specific gravity may be 0.92 to 1.1, for example, 0.98 to 1.07.
• Specific gravity can be measured by the specific gravity cup method or other known methods.
• the amount of silicone additive (C) may be 0.01 to 5% by weight, for example 0.05 to 2.5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the curable composition.
• the curable composition in the present invention may further comprise a latent curing agent.
• the latent curing agent is a curing agent that is activated by heat, such as an amine latent curing agent.
• an amine latent curing agent for example, a solid amine belonging to an aromatic or aliphatic group with a melting point of 50° C. or higher may be used.
• aromatic amines such as 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,2′-diaminobiphenyl, 2,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3′-diaminobiphenyl, 2,4-diaminophenol, 2,5-diaminophenol, o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 2,3-trilenediamine, 2,4-trilenediamine, 2,5-trilenediamine, 2,6-trilenediamine, 3,4-trilenediamine, etc.;
• aliphatic amines such as 1,12-dodecanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine, 1,8-octanediamine, 1,14-tetradecanediamine, 1,16-hexadecanediamine, etc.; dihydrazide compounds such as dipic acid dihydrazide, sebacic acid dihydrazide, isophthalic acid dihydrazide, 1,3-bis(hydrazinocarboethyl)-5-isopropylhydantoin, eicosanedioic acid dihydrazide, hydroquinone diglycolic acid dihydrazide, resorcinol diglycolic acid dihydrazide, 4,4′-ethylidenebisphenol diglycolic acid dihydrazide; and dicyandiamide, which can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• dihydrazide compounds such as dipic acid dihydrazide, sebacic acid dihydrazide, isophthal
• a polyamine-based modified compound can also be used as potential curing agents.
• the polyamine modified compound can be, for example, a reaction product of an aliphatic polyamine (i), an amine or aromatic polyamine with a cyclic structure having at least one NH 2 or NH group (ii), and a diisocyanate compound (iii).
• aliphatic polyamines (i) include polyamines and monoamines such as dimethylaminopropylamine, diethylaminopropylamine, dipropylaminopropylamine, dibutylaminopropylamine, dimethylaminoethylamine, diethylaminoethylamine, dipropylaminoethylamine, dibutylaminoethylamine, trimethylhexamethylenediamine, diaminopropane, etc.
• aromatic polyamines (ii) include meta-xylenediamine, 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, isophoronediamine, menthanediamine, and diaminocyclohexane, phenylenediamine, toluylenediamine, xylenediamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, diaminodiphenyl sulfone, piperazine, N-aminoethylpiperazine, benzylamine, cyclohexylamine, etc.
• diisocyanate compounds (iii) include isophorone diisocyanate, meta-xylenediisocyanate, 1,3-bis(isocyanate methyl)cyclohexane, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, 2,2′-dimethyldiphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, etc.
• the polyamine-modified compounds may be obtained by reaction at room temperature to 160° C. in solvents such as aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, and ketones.
• the polyamine modified compound may be a reaction product of an aliphatic polyamine (i), an aromatic polyamine (ii), a diisocyanate compound (iii), and an epoxide compound (iv).
• epoxide compound (iv) are glycidyl ethers obtained by reacting polyvalent phenols such as bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, hexahydrobisphenol A, catechol, resorcinol, trihydroxylbiphenyl, benzophenone, hydroquinone, tetramethylbisphenol A, etc. with epichlorohydrin;
• polyglycidyl ethers obtained by reacting aliphatic polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, nempentyl glycol, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol with epichlorohydrin; glycidyl ether esters obtained by reacting hydroxycarboxylic acids such as p-oxybenzoic acid and oxynaphthoic acid with epichlorohydrin; polyglycidyl esters derived from polycarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, and polymerized fatty acids; glycidylaminoglycidyl ether derived from aminophenol, aminoalkylphenol; gycidylaminoglycidyl esters derived from aminobenzoic acid; glycidylamines derived from aniline, toluidine, tribromaniline, xyli
• the polyamine-modified compounds may be obtained by reacting some or all of (ii) with (iv) at 60 to 120° C. in the above solvent, then adding (i) and the remaining (ii) and (iii), and reacting at room temperature to 160° C. in the above solvent.
• the use of fine powder-coated amine, in which the surface of the solid amine is coated with fine powder, as the latent curing agent allows the curing composition to be cured at a relatively low temperature in a short time.
• inorganic and organic fine powders can be used as the fine powders.
• inorganic fine powders include titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, clay, silica, zirconia, carbon, alumina, talc, and mica.
• organic fine particles include polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylic resin, polystyrene, polyethylene, and urea resin. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the curable composition in the present invention can comprise other additives as components other than the above, such as fillers, plasticizers, curing catalysts, silane coupling agents, polyisocyanate compounds, etc., as necessary.
• fillers examples include heavy calcium carbonate, untreated surface calcium carbonate, surface-treated calcium carbonate (such as fatty acid-treated calcium carbonate), fumed silica, hydrophobic silica, precipitable silica, carbon black, talc, mica, clay, glass beads, balloons such as microballoons, silas balloons, glass balloons, silica balloons, plastic balloons, organic powder-coated plastic balloons, etc., plastic particles, inorganic fibers such as glass fibers, metal fibers, organic fibers such as polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, etc., aluminum borate, etc.
• inorganic fibers such as glass fibers, metal fibers, organic fibers such as polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, etc., aluminum borate, etc.
• the content of the filler is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 15% by mass or more, and even more preferably 20% by mass or more, relative to the total weight of the curable composition.
• the filler content is preferably 70% or less by mass, more preferably 60% or less by mass, even more preferably 50% or less by mass, and especially preferably 40% or less by mass.
• the filler content is 10% by mass or more, it is advantageous in terms of physical properties and workability.
• the filler content is 70% or less by mass, it is advantageous in terms of physical properties and foamability.
• plasticizers viscosity reducers, viscosity regulators
• plasticizers include phthalate esters such as di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, dinonyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate (DINP), diisodecyl phthalate, diundecyl phthalate, diheptyl phthalate and butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate.;
• aliphatic dibasic acid esters such as dioctyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, didecyl adipate, and dioctyl sebacate; Polyglycol benzoates such as polyoxyethylene glycol dibenzoate and polyoxypropylene glycol dibenzoate; Trimellitic acid ester; Pyromellitic acid esters; Phosphate esters such as tributylphosphate and tricresylphosphate; Alkylsulfonic acid phenyl ester (mezamol); hydrocarbons alkylbenzene, alkyl-substituted diphenyls, alkyl-substituted terphenyls, partially hydrogenated alkyl terphenyls, aromatic process oils, pine oils, paraffinic, naphthenic, polybutenic and other; Epoxidized hexahydrophthalic acid diesters. Plasticizers may be used singly or in combinations of two or more
• the content of the plasticizer may be 0 to 50% by mass, for example 5 to 45% by mass, and preferably 10 to 40% by mass, relative to the total weight of the curable composition.
• content of the plasticizer is within the above range, it is advantageous in terms of good physical properties after curing and ease of application of the curable composition.
• curing catalysts include organotin compounds such as tin octylate, tin naphthenate, tin stearate, dibutyl tin dioctoate, dibutyl tin dilaurate, dioctyl tin dibursate, dibutyl tin bistriethoxysilicate, dibutyl tin dioleylmalate, dibutyl tin diacetate, 1,1,3,3-tetrabutyl-1,3-dilauryloxycarbonyl-distanoxane, dibutyl tin oxybisethoxysilicate, dibutyl tin oxide, reaction product of dibutyl tin oxide with phthalic acid ester, reaction product of dibutyltin oxide reacted with maleic acid diester and dibutyltin diacetylacetonate.
• organotin compounds such as tin octylate, tin naph
• organometallic compounds include carboxylic acid (e.g., octylic acid) salts of bismuth, barium, calcium, indium, titanium, zirconium, calcium, zinc, iron, cobalt, and lead, such as bismuth octylate and calcium octylate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• carboxylic acid e.g., octylic acid
• the content of the curing catalyst may be 0.01 mass % or more, for example, 0.1 mass % or more, relative to the total weight of the curable composition.
• the content of the curing catalyst may be 10 mass % or less, for example 5 mass % or less, relative to the total weight of the curable composition.
• the content of the curing catalyst may be adjusted according to the curing speed.
• silane coupling agents include a silicon compound having a functional group reactive with organic compounds (e.g., vinyl polymerizable groups, epoxy groups, amino groups, methacrylate groups, thiol groups, isocyanate groups, etc.) and a functional group that chemically bond with inorganic materials such as glass, metal, and silica stone (e.g., at least one of selected from the group consisting of alkoxy groups with 1 to 20 carbons, hydroxyl groups an acetoxy group of 1 to 20 carbons, a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom, an oxime group of 1 to 20 carbons, an enoxy group, an aminoxy group, and an amide group, etc.). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• organic compounds e.g., vinyl polymerizable groups, epoxy groups, amino groups, methacrylate groups, thiol groups, isocyanate groups, etc.
• a functional group that chemically bond with inorganic materials such as glass, metal, and
• the content of the silane coupling agent may be 0.01 mass % or more, for example 0.1 mass % or more, relative to the total weight of the curable composition.
• the content of the silane coupling agent may be 5% by mass or less, for example 3% by mass or less, relative to the total weight of the curable composition.
• polyisocyanate compounds the polyisocyanate compounds in the above description of polyisocyanate (a) or polyisocyanate (b) may be used. These may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
• the polyisocyanate compounds referred to herein do not include prepolymer (A) and prepolymer (B).
• the content of the polyisocyanate compound may be 0.01 mass % or more, for example 0.1 mass % or more, relative to the total weight of the curable composition.
• the content of the polyisocyanate compound may be 5% by mass or less, for example 3% by mass or less, relative to the total weight of the curable composition.
• additives other than the above such as colorants (e.g., bengara, titanium dioxide, other colored pigments, dyes, etc.), organic solvents (e.g., acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ligroin, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, n-hexane, heptane, etc.), adhesion enhancers (e.g., epoxy compounds), UV absorbers and light stabilizers (e.g., benzotriazoles, hindered amines, etc.), antioxidants (e.g., hindered phenols, etc.), shaking agents (e.g., colloidal silica, organobentonite, fatty acid amides, hydrogenated castor oil, etc.), solvents (e.g., alicyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.), and silicone oils may be used in appropriate amounts.
• colorants e.g., bengara, titanium dioxide, other colored
• silicone oils examples include diorganopolysiloxanes such as dimethyl silicone fluid and methylphenyl silicone oils other than silicone additive (C); organohydrogen polysiloxanes such as methylhydrogen silicone oils; and silicone oils with various functional groups introduced into the side chains and/or ends.
• the curable composition of the present invention can be produced by mixing or blending the individual components in a customary manner.
• the curable composition of the invention may be used as a two-component or three-component system, but is usually used as a one-component system.
• the curable composition in the present invention may be moisture curable, thermosetting or ultraviolet (UV) curable.
• the curable composition may be cured at a temperature of 0° C. to 50° C. However, from the viewpoint of accelerating the curing speed, curing is preferably achieved by heating the composition to a temperature exceeding 50° C.
• the time for curing the curable composition may be selected as appropriate according to the film thickness etc., and may be, for example, 3 minutes to 24 hours.
• the curing composition when the curing composition includes the latent curing agent described above, it is possible to cure the curing composition at a relatively low curing temperature, for example, 50 to 150° C., preferably 60 to 120° C., more preferably 70 to 100° C., in a short time, for example, 1 to 30 minutes, preferably 5 to 20 minutes.
• a relatively low curing temperature for example, 50 to 150° C., preferably 60 to 120° C., more preferably 70 to 100° C.
• a short time for example, 1 to 30 minutes, preferably 5 to 20 minutes.
• the curable composition in the present invention is suitable for adhesion to resin substrates.
• Adhesion to resin substrates may be adhesion of resin substrates to each other, or adhesion of resins to substrates other than resins.
• the resin substrate to which the curable composition in the present invention is applied may be saturated or unsaturated, and may be aromatic or aliphatic.
• olefin resins acrylic resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, polycarbonate (PC) resins, polyester resins, polyether resins, styrene resins (e.g., polystyrene resins, ABS resins, AS (acrylonitrile-styrene) resins, ASA (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate) resins, etc.) and mixtures (e.g., alloy resins) of these resins.
• styrene resins e.g., polystyrene resins, ABS resins, AS (acrylonitrile-styrene) resins, ASA (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate) resins, etc.
• mixtures e.g., alloy resins
• alloy resins e.g., alloy resins
• the weight ratio of PC/ABS in PC/ABS alloy resin may be 10/90 to 90/10, for example 20/80 to 80/20, and preferably 30/70 to 70/30.
• An adhesive using the curable composition in the present invention can adhere well to an aromatic resin substrate even when urethane prepolymer (B) with an aliphatic backbone is used.
• PC/ABS plates (Sumitomo Bakelite) of 2 mmt were prepared.
• PC/ABS plates were cut to a size of 100 mm ⁇ 25 mm.
• Shear adhesion strength test samples were prepared by applying each adhesive to a thickness of 1 mmt between PC/ABS plates of the same size and curing them at 80° C. for 15 minutes. The shear bond strength test sample thus prepared was mounted on a tensile strength tester, and both ends of the test specimen were pulled in the opposite direction at a speed of 50 mm/min to check the fracture state.
• the evaluation criteria for adhesiveness are as follows:
• A Cohesive breakdown of the adhesive layer
• B Partial interface breakdown between PC/ABS and adhesive layer
• C Complete interface breakdown between PC/ABS and adhesive layer
• Mn The number average molecular weight (Mn) was calculated as the polystyrene equivalent value by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using THF as the solvent.
• NCO % content was measured by potentiometric titration method in accordance with JISK0113.
• NCO-terminated urethane prepolymers I-V The raw materials shown in Table 1 were reacted at 80° C. for 3 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere with a planetary mixer to obtain NCO-terminated urethane prepolymers I-V.
• the NCO/OH ratio indicates the molar ratio of NCO groups in the prepolymer to OH groups, and the numerical value in the raw material column indicates the mass part.
• Polycarbonate/polyester polyol UHC50-200 from Ube Industries, Ltd.
• a curable composition (adhesive) was prepared by mixing the raw materials with the composition (by mass) shown in Table 2 with a planetary mixer.
• the adhesives obtained were used to evaluate their adhesiveness to resin substrates. The results are shown in Table 2.
• the numbers in the adhesiveness column in Table 2 refer to the shear bond strength (MPa).
• Silicone additive (C1) Toray Dow Corning SZ-1923 (polyether-modified silicone (AB) n type, kinematic viscosity 12,000 mm 2 /s (25° C.)
• Silicone additive (C2) Toray Dow Corning KF-352A (polyether-modified silicone, side chain modified, kinematic viscosity 1,600 mm 2 /s (25° C.))
• Filler 1 TS720 (hydrophobic silica) manufactured by Cabot Specialty Chemicals Inc.
• CCR-B surface-treated calcium carbonate manufactured by Shiraishi Calcium Filler 3: Whiten SB (heavy calcium carbonate) manufactured by Shiraishi Calcium Filler 4: Mitsubishi #40 (carbon black) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Latent curing agent: Solid amine (1,12-dodecanediamine, melting point 71° C.) with a median particle diameter of 13 ⁇ m, of which surface is coated with a fine powder (titanium dioxide fine powder) having a central particle diameter of 0.02 ⁇ m.
• Plasticizer DINP from Shin Nippon Rika Polyisocyanate compound: Desmodur N3200A (aliphatic polyisocyanate biuret modified) manufactured by Sumika Cobestrol Urethane Silane coupling agent: KBM-1003 (vinyltrimethoxysilane) manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical
• the curing composition in the present invention can be used, for example, as an adhesive, sealing material, coating material, gasket material, packing, cushioning material, heat insulating material, and foam molding material.
• the curing composition in the present invention can also be used as polyurethane foam in civil engineering and construction materials, packaging, electrical and electronic equipment, automobiles, household goods, sports and daily life products, etc., which require the functions of heat insulation, weight reduction, cushioning, cushioning, soundproofing, vibration control, shock absorption, protection, decorative surface skin, water sealing and airtightness.

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