US20200048332A1 - Anti-c1s antibodies and methods of use thereof - Google Patents

Anti-c1s antibodies and methods of use thereof Download PDF

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US20200048332A1
US20200048332A1 US16/340,991 US201716340991A US2020048332A1 US 20200048332 A1 US20200048332 A1 US 20200048332A1 US 201716340991 A US201716340991 A US 201716340991A US 2020048332 A1 US2020048332 A1 US 2020048332A1
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antibody
seq
amino acid
region
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Sandip Panicker
Graham Parry
Nancy E. Stagliano
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Bioverativ USA Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
    • C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/52—Constant or Fc region; Isotype
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
    • C07K2317/565—Complementarity determining region [CDR]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
    • C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
    • C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
    • C07K2317/94—Stability, e.g. half-life, pH, temperature or enzyme-resistance

Definitions

  • the complement system is a well-known effector mechanism of the immune response, providing not only protection against pathogens and other harmful agents but also recovery from injury.
  • the complement pathway comprises a number of proteins that typically exist in the body in an inactive form.
  • the classical complement pathway is triggered by activation of the first component of complement, referred to as the C1 complex, which consists of C1q, C1r, and C1s proteins.
  • the C1 complex consists of C1q, C1r, and C1s proteins.
  • the C1s component a diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP)-sensitive serine protease, cleaves complement components C4 and C2 to initiate activation of the classical complement pathway.
  • DFP diisopropyl fluorophosphate
  • the classical complement pathway appears to play a role in many diseases and disorders.
  • the present disclosure provides humanized anti-C1s antibodies.
  • the present disclosure provides nucleic acids comprising nucleotide sequences encoding the humanized anti-C1s antibodies; and host cells comprising the nucleic acids.
  • the present disclosure provides compositions comprising the humanized anti-C1s antibodies.
  • the present disclosure provides methods of use of the humanized anti-C1s antibodies.
  • Some aspects of the present disclosure are directed to an antibody, comprising a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region and a heavy chain constant region, and the light chain comprises a light chain variable (VL) region; wherein the VL region comprises a VL complementary determining region (CDR) 1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3, and wherein the VH region comprises a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3; wherein the VL CDR1 comprises SEQ ID NO: 1; wherein the VL CDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 2; wherein the VL CDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 3; wherein the VH CDR1 comprises SEQ ID NO: 4; wherein the VH CDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 5; wherein the VH CDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 6; wherein the heavy chain constant region comprises an IgG4 constant region, wherein amino acid residue 308 of the heavy chain constant
  • Certain aspects of the present disclosure are directed to an antibody, comprising a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises a VH region and a heavy chain constant region, and the light chain comprises a VL region; wherein the VL region comprises a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3, and wherein the VH region comprises a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3; wherein the VL CDR1 comprises SEQ ID NO: 1; wherein the VL CDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 2; wherein the VL CDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 3; wherein the VH CDR1 comprises SEQ ID NO: 4; wherein the VH CDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 5; wherein the VH CDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 6; wherein the heavy chain constant region comprises SEQ ID NO: 28; and wherein the antibody specifically binds activated C1s.
  • nucleotide or a set of nucleotides encoding an antibody disclosed herein are directed to a nucleotide or a set of nucleotides encoding an antibody disclosed herein.
  • aspects of the present disclosure are directed to methods of inhibiting a complement pathway in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of an antibody, immunoconjugate, or nucleotide disclosed herein.
  • aspects of the present disclosure are directed to methods of treating a complement-mediated disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of an antibody, immunoconjugate, or nucleotide disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 1 depicts an amino acid sequence of humanized VH variant 1 (SEQ ID NO:10) and a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:11) encoding same.
  • SEQ ID NO:10 humanized VH variant 1
  • SEQ ID NO:11 nucleotide sequence
  • FIG. 2 depicts an amino acid sequence of humanized VH variant 2 (SEQ ID NO:12) and a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:13) encoding same.
  • SEQ ID NO:12 humanized VH variant 2
  • SEQ ID NO:13 nucleotide sequence
  • FIG. 3 depicts an amino acid sequence of humanized VH variant 3 (SEQ ID NO:14) and a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:15) encoding same.
  • CDR definitions and protein sequence numbering are shown according to Kabat numbering.
  • CDR nucleotides and protein sequences are underlined.
  • FIG. 4 depicts an amino acid sequence of humanized VH variant 4 (SEQ ID NO:16) and a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:17) encoding same.
  • SEQ ID NO:16 humanized VH variant 4
  • SEQ ID NO:17 nucleotide sequence
  • CDR definitions and protein sequence numbering are shown according to Kabat numbering.
  • CDR nucleotides and protein sequences are underlined.
  • FIG. 5 depicts an amino acid sequence of humanized VH variant 5 (SEQ ID NO:18) and a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:19) encoding same.
  • CDR definitions and protein sequence numbering are shown according to Kabat numbering.
  • CDR nucleotides and protein sequences are underlined.
  • FIG. 6 depicts an amino acid sequence of humanized V ⁇ variant 1 (SEQ ID NO:20) and a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:21) encoding same.
  • CDR definitions and protein sequence numbering are shown according to Kabat numbering.
  • CDR nucleotides and protein sequences are underlined.
  • FIG. 7 depicts an amino acid sequence of humanized V ⁇ variant 2 (SEQ ID NO:22) and a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:23) encoding same.
  • CDR definitions and protein sequence numbering are shown according to Kabat numbering.
  • CDR nucleotides and protein sequences are underlined.
  • FIG. 8 depicts an amino acid sequence of humanized V ⁇ variant 5 (SEQ ID NO:24) and a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:25) encoding same.
  • CDR definitions and protein sequence numbering are shown according to Kabat numbering.
  • CDR nucleotides and protein sequences are underlined.
  • FIG. 9 shows amino acid differences between parental murine anti-activated C1s (anti-aC1s; also known as TNT005) VH (SEQ ID NO: 8) and exemplary humanized VH variants.
  • FIG. 10 shows amino acid differences between parental murine anti-aC1s VL (SEQ ID NO: 7) and exemplary humanized VL variants.
  • FIG. 11 shows binding properties of humanized variants of murine anti-aC1s. Data for direct binding to activated C1s (“aC1s”), competition binding with 50 pM biotinylated-anti-aC1s (“Biot-005”), and inhibition of the classical complement pathway, are shown.
  • FIG. 12 shows binding properties of humanized variants of murine anti-aC1s. Affinity data for binding of humanized variants of murine anti-aC1s are provided.
  • FIG. 13 depicts a pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and a pharmacodynamic (PD) profile for a humanized anti-aC1s variant (VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 ; also known as TNT020) delivered intravenously at 10 mg/kg to cynomolgus monkeys.
  • the data show % complement pathway (CP) activity (normalized to pre-administration level), and serum concentration ( ⁇ g/mL) of administered antibody, at times up to 650 hours post-administration.
  • CP complement pathway
  • FIG. 14 depicts a PK profile and a PD profile for VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 delivered subcutaneously at 20 mg/kg to cynomolgus monkeys.
  • the data show % CP activity (normalized to pre-administration level), and serum concentration ( ⁇ g/mL) of administered antibody, at times up to 55 days post-administration.
  • the pharmacokinetic (circles) and pharmacodynamic (squares) profiles are overlaid.
  • CP complement pathway.
  • FIGS. 15A-15C provide amino acid sequences of a VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 .
  • FIG. 15A provides the Fc-sub 4 amino acid sequence present in VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 . Amino acid substitutions that enhance FcRn binding are underlined ( FIG. 15A ).
  • FIGS. 15B and 15C provide the heavy chain ( FIG. 15B ) and the light chain ( FIG. 15C ) amino acid sequences of VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 . Variable region CDRs are underlined ( FIGS. 15B and 15C ), and the heavy chain constant region (Fc domain) is bolded ( FIG. 15B ).
  • FIGS. 16A-16B provide amino acid sequences of the full length heavy and light chains of VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 .
  • the signal peptides are bolded and underlined ( FIGS. 16A and 16B ); the CDRs are underlined ( FIGS. 16A and 16B ); and the heavy chain constant region (Fc) is bolded ( FIG. 16A ).
  • Heavy chain constant region amino acid substitutions that enhance FcRn binding are double-underlined ( FIG. 16A ).
  • FIGS. 17A-17B are graphical representations illustrating the serum complement pathway (CP) activity ( FIG. 17A ) and hemolysis ( FIG. 17B ) in vitro, following exposure to varying concentrations of an anti-C1s antibody that targets both active and inactive C1s (squares) or VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 (circles).
  • CP serum complement pathway
  • FIG. 17B hemolysis
  • FIGS. 18A-18B are graphical representations illustrating the pharmacokinetic ( FIG. 18A ) and pharmacodynamic ( FIG. 18B ) profiles for an anti-aC1s antibody variant (VH3/VK2 having a wild-type IgG4 Fc) and VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 (having a heavy chain sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 28).
  • VH3/VK2 having a wild-type IgG4 Fc
  • VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 having a heavy chain sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 28.
  • a negative “vehicle” control is also shown in FIG. 18B .
  • complement component C1s refers to a diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP)-sensitive serine protease, which cleaves complement components C4 and C2 to initiate activation of the classical complement pathway.
  • DFP diisopropyl fluorophosphate
  • the wild-type amino acid sequence for human C1s is provided in Table 1 (SEQ ID NO: 9).
  • antibodies and immunoglobulin include antibodies or immunoglobulins of any isotype, that retain specific binding to antigen.
  • An “antibody” includes, without limitation, a glycoprotein immunoglobulin which binds specifically to an antigen and comprises at least two heavy (H) chains and two light (L) chains interconnected by disulfide bonds, or an antigen-binding portion thereof.
  • Each H chain comprises a heavy chain variable region (abbreviated herein as V H ) and a heavy chain constant region.
  • the heavy chain constant region comprises three constant domains, C H1 , C H2 and C H3 .
  • Each light chain comprises a light chain variable region (abbreviated herein as V L ) and a light chain constant region.
  • the light chain constant region comprises one constant domain, C L .
  • the V H and V L regions can be further subdivided into regions of hypervariability, termed complementarity determining regions (CDRs), interspersed with regions that are more conserved, termed framework regions (FR).
  • CDRs complementarity determining regions
  • FR framework regions
  • Each V H and V L comprises three CDRs and four FRs, arranged from amino-terminus to carboxy-terminus in the following order: FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, and FR4.
  • the variable regions of the heavy and light chains contain a binding domain that interacts with an antigen.
  • the constant regions of the antibodies can mediate the binding of the immunoglobulin to host tissues or factors, including various cells of the immune system (e.g., effector cells) and the first component (C1q) of the classical complement system.
  • antibody includes, by way of example, both naturally occurring and non-naturally occurring antibodies; monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies; chimeric and humanized antibodies; human or nonhuman antibodies; wholly synthetic antibodies; and single chain antibodies.
  • a nonhuman antibody can be humanized by recombinant methods to reduce its immunogenicity in man.
  • the term “antibody” also includes an antigen-binding fragment or an antigen-binding portion of any of the aforementioned immunoglobulins, and includes a monovalent and a divalent fragment or portion, and a single chain antibody.
  • An antigen-binding fragment of an antibody can include any portion of an antibody that retains the ability to bind the target of the antibody.
  • an antigen-binding fragment of an anti-C1s antibody retains the ability to bind C1s.
  • an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 CDRs of the antibody.
  • an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 CDRs and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 framework regions of the antibody.
  • an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody comprises a VH region and/or a VL region of the antibody.
  • the antibodies can be detectably labeled, e.g., with a radioisotope, an enzyme that generates a detectable product, a fluorescent protein, and the like.
  • the antibodies can be further conjugated to other moieties, such as members of specific binding pairs, e.g., biotin (member of biotin-avidin specific binding pair), and the like.
  • the antibodies can also be bound to a solid support, including, but not limited to, polystyrene plates or beads, and the like.
  • monoclonal antibodies is an antibody produced by a group of identical cells, all of which were produced from a single cell by repetitive cellular replication.
  • an antibody can be monovalent or bivalent.
  • An antibody can be an Ig monomer, which is a “Y-shaped” molecule that consists of four polypeptide chains: two heavy chains and two light chains connected by disulfide bonds.
  • mAb refers to a non-naturally occurring antibody molecule of single molecular composition, i.e., antibody molecules whose primary sequences are essentially identical, and which exhibits a single binding specificity and affinity for a particular epitope.
  • a mAb is an example of an isolated antibody.
  • the term “monoclonal antibody” is not limited to antibodies prepared using hybridoma techniques. Rather, monoclonal antibodies, as used herein, can be produced by hybridoma, recombinant, transgenic or other techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • humanized immunoglobulin refers to an immunoglobulin comprising portions of immunoglobulins of different origin, wherein at least one portion comprises amino acid sequences of human origin.
  • the humanized antibody can comprise portions derived from an immunoglobulin of nonhuman origin with the requisite specificity, such as a mouse, and from immunoglobulin sequences of human origin (e.g., chimeric immunoglobulin), joined together chemically by conventional techniques (e.g., synthetic) or prepared as a contiguous polypeptide using genetic engineering techniques (e.g., DNA encoding the protein portions of the chimeric antibody can be expressed to produce a contiguous polypeptide chain).
  • a humanized immunoglobulin is an immunoglobulin containing one or more immunoglobulin chains comprising a CDR derived from an antibody of nonhuman origin and a framework region derived from a light and/or heavy chain of human origin (e.g., CDR-grafted antibodies with or without framework changes).
  • a CDR derived from an antibody of nonhuman origin e.g., a framework region derived from a light and/or heavy chain of human origin
  • most or all of the amino acids outside the CDR regions of a non-human antibody are replaced with corresponding amino acids derived from human immunoglobulins.
  • some, most or all of the amino acids outside the CDR regions have been replaced with amino acids from human immunoglobulins, whereas some, most or all amino acids within one or more CDR regions are unchanged.
  • Chimeric or CDR-grafted single chain antibodies are also encompassed by the term humanized immunoglobulin. See, e.g., Cabilly et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567; Cabilly et al., European Patent No. 0,125,023 B1; Boss et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,397; Boss et al., European Patent No. 0,120,694 B1; Neuberger, M. S. et al., WO 86/01533; Neuberger, M. S. et al., European Patent No. 0,194,276 B1; Winter, U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,539; Winter, European Patent No.
  • humanized immunoglobulins can be produced using synthetic and/or recombinant nucleic acids to prepare genes (e.g., cDNA) encoding the desired humanized chain.
  • genes e.g., cDNA
  • nucleic acid (e.g., DNA) sequences coding for humanized variable regions can be constructed using PCR mutagenesis methods to alter DNA sequences encoding a human or humanized chain, such as a DNA template from a previously humanized variable region (see e.g., Kamman, M., et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 17: 5404 (1989)); Sato, K., et al., Cancer Research, 53: 851-856 (1993); Daugherty, B. L.
  • variants can also be readily produced.
  • cloned variable regions can be mutagenized, and sequences encoding variants with the desired specificity can be selected (e.g., from a phage library; see e.g., Krebber et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,548; Hoogenboom et al., WO 93/06213, published Apr. 1, 1993)).
  • Humanization of a framework region(s) reduces the risk of the antibody eliciting a human-anti-mouse-antibody (HAMA) response in humans.
  • Art-recognized methods of determining immune response can be performed to monitor a HAMA response in a particular patient or during clinical trials. Patients administered humanized antibodies can be given an immunogenicity assessment at the beginning and throughout the administration of the therapy.
  • the HAMA response is measured, for example, by detecting antibodies to the humanized therapeutic reagent, in serum samples from the patient using a method known to one in the art, including surface plasmon resonance technology (BIACORE) and/or solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis.
  • BIACORE surface plasmon resonance technology
  • ELISA solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • Certain amino acids from the human variable region framework residues are selected for substitution based on their possible influence on CDR conformation and/or binding antigen.
  • the unnatural juxtaposition of murine CDR regions with human variable framework region can result in unnatural conformational restraints, which, unless corrected by substitution of certain amino acid residues, lead to loss of binding affinity.
  • a “chimeric antibody” refers to an antibody in which the variable regions are derived from one species and the constant regions are derived from another species, such as an antibody in which the variable regions are derived from a mouse antibody and the constant regions are derived from a human antibody.
  • immunoglobulins The “light chains” of antibodies (immunoglobulins) from any vertebrate species can be assigned to one of two clearly distinct types, called kappa and lambda, based on the amino acid sequences of their constant domains. Depending on the amino acid sequence of the constant domain of their heavy chains, immunoglobulins can be assigned to different classes.
  • immunoglobulins There are five major classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, and several of these classes can be further divided into subclasses (isotypes), e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, and IgA2.
  • the subclasses can be further divided into types, e.g., IgG2a and IgG2b.
  • immunotype refers to the antibody class or subclass (e.g., IgM or IgG1) that is encoded by the heavy chain constant region genes.
  • an “anti-antigen” antibody refers to an antibody that binds specifically to the antigen.
  • an anti-C1s antibody binds specifically to C1s.
  • an “antigen-binding portion” of an antibody refers to one or more fragments of an antibody that retain the ability to bind specifically to the antigen bound by the whole antibody.
  • affinity refers to the equilibrium constant for the reversible binding of two agents (e.g., an antibody and an antigen) and is expressed as a dissociation constant (K D ).
  • Affinity can be at least 1-fold greater, at least 2-fold greater, at least 3-fold greater, at least 4-fold greater, at least 5-fold greater, at least 6-fold greater, at least 7-fold greater, at least 8-fold greater, at least 9-fold greater, at least 10-fold greater, at least 20-fold greater, at least 30-fold greater, at least 40-fold greater, at least 50-fold greater, at least 60-fold greater, at least 70-fold greater, at least 80-fold greater, at least 90-fold greater, at least 100-fold greater, or at least 1,000-fold greater, or more, than the affinity of an antibody for unrelated amino acid sequences.
  • Affinity of an antibody to a target protein can be, for example, from about 100 nanomolar (nM) to about 0.1 nM, from about 100 nM to about 1 picomolar (pM), or from about 100 nM to about 1 femtomolar (fM) or more.
  • nM nanomolar
  • pM picomolar
  • fM femtomolar
  • the term “avidity” refers to the resistance of a complex of two or more agents to dissociation after dilution.
  • the terms “immunoreactive” and “preferentially binds” are used interchangeably herein with respect to antibodies and/or antigen-binding fragments.
  • binding refers to a direct association between two molecules, due to, for example, covalent, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and ionic and/or hydrogen-bond interactions, including interactions such as salt bridges and water bridges.
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure binds specifically to an epitope within a complement C1s protein.
  • Specific binding refers to binding with an affinity of at least about 10 ⁇ 7 M or greater, e.g., 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 M, 10 ⁇ 8 M, 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 M, and greater.
  • Non-specific binding refers to binding with an affinity of more than about 10 ⁇ 7 M, e.g., binding with an affinity of 10 ⁇ 6 M, 10 ⁇ 5 M, 10 ⁇ 4 M, etc.
  • the anti-C1s antibody specifically binds to both the active and the inactive forms of C1s, e.g., with similar affinity.
  • the anti-C1s antibody specifically binds to the active form of C1s and does not specifically bind to the inactive form of C1s.
  • CDR complementarity determining region
  • CDRs have been described by Kabat et al., J. Biol. Chem. 252:6609-6616 (1977); Kabat et al., U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, “Sequences of proteins of immunological interest” (1991) (also referred to herein as Kabat 1991); by Chothia et al., J. Mol. Biol. 196:901-917 (1987) (also referred to herein as Chothia 1987); and MacCallum et al., J. Mol. Biol.
  • CDR-L1 refers, respectively, to the first, second, and third CDRs in a light chain variable region.
  • CDR-H1,” “CDR-H2,” and “CDR-H3” refer, respectively, to the first, second, and third CDRs in a heavy chain variable region.
  • CDR-1,” “CDR-2,” and “CDR-3” refer, respectively, to the first, second and third CDRs of either chain's variable region.
  • variable region when used in reference to an antibody variable region, is intended to mean all amino acid residues outside the CDR regions within the variable region of an antibody.
  • a variable region framework is generally a discontinuous amino acid sequence between about 100-120 amino acids in length but is intended to reference only those amino acids outside of the CDRs.
  • framework region is intended to mean each domain of the framework that is separated by the CDRs.
  • a light chain variable region (VL region) can have four framework regions: FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4.
  • VH heavy chain variable region
  • Fc domain or “Fc region” as used herein, means functional FcR (e.g., FcRn) binding partners, unless otherwise specified.
  • the Fc domain is the portion of a polypeptide which corresponds to the Fc domain of native Ig.
  • a native Fc domain forms a homodimer with another Fc domain.
  • the “Fc region” refers to the portion of a single Ig heavy chain beginning in the hinge region just upstream of the papain cleavage site (i.e. residue 216 in IgG, taking the first residue of heavy chain constant region to be 114) and ending at the C-terminus of the antibody.
  • a complete Fc domain comprises at least a hinge domain, a CH2 domain, and a CH3 domain.
  • the Fc region of an Ig constant region, depending on the Ig isotype can include the CH2, CH3, and CH4 domains, as well as the hinge region.
  • the Fc region comprises SEQ ID NO: 52 (Table 3).
  • the Fc region comprises SEQ ID NO: 53 (Table 3).
  • the Fc region comprises SEQ ID NO: 28 (Table 3).
  • an “isolated” antibody is one that has been identified and separated and/or recovered from a component of its natural environment. Contaminant components of its natural environment are materials that would interfere with diagnostic or therapeutic uses for the antibody, and can include enzymes, hormones, and other proteinaceous or nonproteinaceous solutes.
  • the antibody will be purified (1) to greater than 90%, greater than 95%, or greater than 98%, by weight of antibody as determined by the Lowry method, for example, more than 99% by weight, (2) to a degree sufficient to obtain at least 15 residues of N-terminal or internal amino acid sequence by use of a spinning cup sequenator, or (3) to homogeneity by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing or nonreducing conditions using Coomassie blue or silver stain.
  • Isolated antibody includes the antibody in situ within recombinant cells since at least one component of the antibody's natural environment will not be present. In some instances, isolated antibody will be prepared by at least one purification step.
  • polypeptide refers to a polymeric form of amino acids of any length, which can include genetically coded and non-genetically coded amino acids, chemically or biochemically modified or derivatized amino acids, and polypeptides having modified peptide backbones.
  • the term includes fusion proteins, including, but not limited to, fusion proteins with a heterologous amino acid sequence, fusions with heterologous and homologous leader sequences, with or without N-terminal methionine residues; immunologically tagged proteins; and the like.
  • a polypeptide, peptide, or protein can be naturally occurring or recombinant.
  • treatment refers to obtaining a desired pharmacologic and/or physiologic effect.
  • the effect can be prophylactic in terms of completely or partially preventing a disease or symptom thereof and/or can be therapeutic in terms of a partial or complete cure for a disease and/or adverse effect attributable to the disease, e.g., reducing or ameliorating one or more symptoms of the disease.
  • Treatment covers any treatment of a disease in a mammal, particularly in a human, and includes: (a) preventing the disease from occurring in a subject which can be predisposed to the disease but has not yet been diagnosed as having it; (b) inhibiting the disease, i.e., arresting its development; and (c) relieving the disease, i.e., causing regression of the disease.
  • the terms “individual,” “subject,” “host,” and “patient,” used interchangeably herein, refer to a mammal, including, but not limited to, murines (rats, mice), non-human primates, humans, canines, felines, ungulates (e.g., equines, bovines, ovines, porcines, caprines), etc. Also encompassed by these terms are any animal that has a complement system, such as mammals, fish, and some invertebrates. As such these terms include complement system-containing mammal, fish, and invertebrate companion animals, agricultural animals, work animals, zoo animals, and lab animals.
  • a “therapeutically effective amount,” “pharmaceutically effective amount,” “effective amount,” or “efficacious amount” refers to the amount of an anti-complement C1s antibody that, when administered to a mammal or other subject for treating a disease, is sufficient to effect such treatment for the disease.
  • the “therapeutically effective amount” will vary depending on the anti-complement C1s antibody, the disease and its severity and the age, weight, etc., of the subject to be treated.
  • a “biological sample” encompasses a variety of sample types obtained from an individual and can be used in a diagnostic or monitoring assay.
  • the definition encompasses blood and other liquid samples of biological origin, solid tissue samples such as a biopsy specimen or tissue cultures or cells derived therefrom and the progeny thereof.
  • the definition also includes samples that have been manipulated in any way after their procurement, such as by treatment with reagents, solubilization, or enrichment for certain components, such as polynucleotides.
  • the term “biological sample” encompasses a clinical sample, and also includes cells in culture, cell supernatants, cell lysates, serum, plasma, biological fluid, and tissue samples.
  • biological sample includes urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, interstitial fluid, ocular fluid, synovial fluid, blood fractions such as plasma and serum, and the like.
  • biological sample also includes solid tissue samples, tissue culture samples, and cellular samples.
  • substitution refers to a difference between a given sequence and a reference sequence. “Substitution” is not limited to a particular method of arriving at the recited sequence. “Substitution” can be contrasted with “deleted,” which indicates that one or more amino acids or nucleotides are missing in a given sequence relative to a reference sequence. In both cases, a given sequence can be said to have a substituted or deleted amino acid or nucleotide regardless of the origin of the sequence. For example, a given sequence can be said to have a substitution at position 100 relative to a reference sequence, even though the given sequence was created de novo, e.g., synthetically, and not through mutation of the reference sequence. In some embodiments, a substitution can comprise more than one amino acid replacing a single amino acid.
  • cross competes and “cross competition,” as used herein, refer to the ability of an antibody to compete for binding to a target antigen with a reference antibody. Any methods known in the art can be used to determine whether an antibody cross competes with a reference antibody. For example, BIAcore analysis, ELISA assays, or flow cytometry can be used to demonstrate cross-competition with the antibodies of the current disclosure. The ability of a test antibody to inhibit the binding of an antibody to human C1s demonstrates that the test antibody can compete with a reference antibody for binding to human C1s. In some embodiments, an antibody that cross competes with a reference antibody for binding to an antigen, e.g., human C1s, binds the same epitope as the reference antibody.
  • an antigen e.g., human C1s
  • an antibody that cross competes with a reference antibody for binding to an antigen binds an epitope that is near or adjacent to the epitope recognized by the reference antibody.
  • an antibody that cross competes with a reference antibody for binding to an antigen binds an epitope that is distal to the epitope recognized by the reference antibody; however, binding of the antibody to the distal epitope is sufficient to disrupt the binding ability of the reference antibody to the antigen.
  • An antibody binds the same epitope as a reference antibody if the antibody interacts with amino acid residues on the antigen which are the same as or overlap with the amino acids on the antigen that interact with the reference antibody.
  • the present disclosure provides an antibody, e.g., a humanized antibody, that binds complement C1s protein (i.e., an anti-complement C1s antibody, also referred to herein as a “anti-C1s antibody,” a “C1s antibody,” and a “subject antibody”) and a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes such an antibody.
  • the anti-C1s antibody specifically binds active C1s.
  • the anti-C1s antibody does not specifically bind inactive C1s.
  • the anti-C1s antibody is a humanized antibody.
  • the anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure has one or more improved pharmacokinetic properties, e.g., improved half-life, stability, etc.
  • the anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure can be administered subcutaneously.
  • the present disclosure also provides a composition comprising an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure provides methods of producing and using antibodies, nucleic acids, and compositions of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure provides methods of treating a complement-mediated disease or disorder, involving administering an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure.
  • anti-complement C1s antibodies e.g., humanized anti-complement C1s antibodies
  • pharmaceutical compositions comprising such antibodies.
  • Complement C1s is an attractive target as it is upstream in the complement cascade and has a narrow range of substrate specificity.
  • an antibody that specifically binds the activated form of C1s e.g., where the antibody does not substantially bind the inactive form of C1s.
  • an anti-complement C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-complement C1s antibody, comprising:
  • a heavy chain comprising: i) a VH region comprising the amino acid sequence: (Q/E)VQL(V/Q)QSGAE(V/L)KKPGASVK(L/V)SC(T/A)ASGFNIKDDYIHWV(K/R)QAPGQ GLEWIGRIDPADGHTKYAPKFQVK(V/A)TITADTST(S/N)TAY(L/M)(E/Q)LS SL(R/T) SEDT AVYYCARYGYGREVFDYWGQGTTVTVSS (SEQ ID NO:26); and ii) an Fc region comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 98% amino acid sequence identity with the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:28, wherein amino acid 308 is Leu and amino acid 314 is Ser; and b) a light chain comprising: i) a VL region comprising the amino acid sequence: DIVLTQSPDSLAVSLGERATISCKASQSVDY
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises a heavy chain constant region, comprising an Fc region.
  • the heavy chain constant region comprises an immunoglobulin constant region, e.g., a human IgG constant region (e.g., IgG Fc), or a variant thereof.
  • the heavy chain constant region of the anti-C1s antibody is derived from a human immunoglobulin.
  • heavy chain constant region of the anti-C1s antibody comprises an IgG4 Fc or a variant thereof.
  • the heavy chain Fc of the anti-C1s antibody comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with human IgG4 Fc (SEQ ID NO: 52) or SEQ ID NO: 28, wherein amino acid 308 is Leu and amino acid 314 is Ser.
  • the heavy chain Fc of the anti-C1s antibody comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 98% sequence identity with human IgG4 Fc (SEQ ID NO: 52) or SEQ ID NO: 28, wherein amino acid 308 is Leu and amino acid 314 is Ser.
  • the Fc region comprises an amino acid sequence at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 52 or SEQ ID NO: 28, wherein amino acid 308 is Leu and amino acid 314 is Ser.
  • the Fc region for an anti-C1s antibody comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of SEQ ID NO: 28.
  • an anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure has one or more improved pharmacokinetics, e.g., longer half-life, stability, etc, compared to wild type Fc region (SEQ ID NO: 52).
  • the anti-C1s antibodies comprising a heavy chain Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 28 have a longer half-life than comparable antibodies having a wild type Fc region, e.g., a human IgG4 Fc.
  • the anti-C1s antibodies are more stable following subcutaneous administration than comparable antibodies having a wild type Fc region, e.g., a human IgG4 Fc. Accordingly, in some aspects, an anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure can be administered subcutaneously.
  • the heavy chain Fc of the anti-C1s antibody comprises a substitution relative to human IgG4 Fc.
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises an Fc having at least about 98% sequence identity to human IgG4 Fc.
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises an Fc, wherein the amino acid residue corresponding to amino acid 108 of SEQ ID NO: 28, when properly aligned, is a proline (e.g., a S241P variant of human IgG4).
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises an Fc, wherein the amino acid residue corresponding to amino acid 115 of SEQ ID NO: 28, when properly aligned, is a glutamic acid (e.g., a L248E variant of human IgG4).
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises an Fc, wherein the amino acid residue corresponding to amino acid 308 of SEQ ID NO: 28, when properly aligned, is a leucine (e.g., a M428L variant of human IgG4).
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises an Fc, wherein the amino acid residue corresponding to amino acid 314 of SEQ ID NO: 28, when properly aligned, is a serine (e.g., a N434S variant of human IgG4).
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises an Fc, wherein: (a) the amino acid residue corresponding to amino acid 108 of SEQ ID NO: 28, when properly aligned, is a proline; (b) the amino acid residue corresponding to amino acid 115 of SEQ ID NO: 28, when properly aligned, is a glutamic acid; (c) the amino acid residue corresponding to amino acid 308 of SEQ ID NO: 28, when properly aligned, is a leucine; (d) the amino acid residue corresponding to amino acid 314 of SEQ ID NO: 28, when properly aligned, is a serine; (e) or any combination of (a), (b), (c), and (d).
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises an Fc, wherein: (a) the amino acid residue corresponding to amino acid 108 of SEQ ID NO: 28, when properly aligned, is a proline; (b) the amino acid residue corresponding to amino acid 115 of SEQ ID NO: 28, when properly aligned, is a glutamic acid; (c) the amino acid residue corresponding to amino acid 308 of SEQ ID NO: 28, when properly aligned, is a leucine; and (d) the amino acid residue corresponding to amino acid 314 of SEQ ID NO: 28, when properly aligned, is a serine.
  • the Fc of the anti-C1s antibody has a greater binding affinity to an Fc receptor, e.g., FcRn, than human IgG4.
  • the anti-C1s antibody e.g., the humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • the anti-C1s antibody e.g., the humanized anti-C1s antibody, comprises: a) an Fc comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:28; and b) a light chain comprising a human V ⁇ constant region.
  • an antibody of the present disclosure comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region and a heavy chain constant region, and the light chain comprises a light chain variable (VL) region; wherein the VL region comprises a VL complementary determining region (CDR) 1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 1, a VL CDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 2, and a VL CDR3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 3, and wherein the VH region comprises a VH CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 4, a VH CDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 5, and a VH CDR3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 6; wherein the heavy chain constant region comprises an IgG4 constant region, wherein amino acid residue 308 of the heavy chain constant region corresponding to SEQ ID NO: 28 is a leucine, and amino acid residue 314 of the heavy chain constant region corresponding to SEQ ID NO: 28 is a serine; and wherein the antibody specifically
  • amino acid residue 108 of the heavy chain constant region corresponding to SEQ ID NO: 28 is a proline. In some embodiments, amino acid residue 115 of the heavy chain constant region corresponding to SEQ ID NO: 28 is a glutamic acid.
  • an antibody of the present disclosure comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises a VH region and a heavy chain constant region, and the light chain comprises a VL region; wherein the VL region comprises a VL CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 1, a VL CDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 2, and a VL CDR3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 3, and wherein the VH region comprises a VH CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 4, a VH CDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 5, and a VH CDR3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 6; wherein the heavy chain constant region comprises SEQ ID NO: 28; and wherein the antibody specifically binds activated C1s.
  • the antibody is a human antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody is a humanized antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody is a chimeric antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody is a murine antibody.
  • the antibody is a monoclonal antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody is a recombinant antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody is a synthetic antibody.
  • an anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure inhibits C1s-mediated cleavage of complement component C4. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody inhibits enzymatic activity of the serine-protease domain of C1s. In some cases, an anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure inhibits C1s-mediated cleavage of complement component C2. In some cases, an anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure inhibits C1s-mediated cleavage of C4 and C2. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure depletes C1s/aC1s from circulation.
  • the anti-C1s antibody is a humanized antibody.
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure includes at least one humanized V H framework region.
  • an anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure includes at least one humanized V L framework region.
  • an anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure includes at least one humanized V H framework region and at least one humanized V L framework region.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • VL CDRs present in the following amino acid sequence: DIVLTQSPASLAVSLGQRATISCKASQSVDYDGDSYMNWYQQKTGQPPKILIYDASNLES GIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLNIHPVEEEDAAIYYCQQSNEDPWTFGGGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 7).
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure includes VH CDRs present in the following amino acid sequence: EVQLQQSGAELVRPGASVKLSCTASGFNIKDDYIHWVKQRPEQGLEWIGRIDPADGHTK YAPKFQVKATITADTSSNTAYLQLSSLTSEDTAVYYCARYGYGREVFDYWGQGTTLTVS S (SEQ ID NO: 8).
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure includes VL CDRs present in SEQ ID NO: 7 and VH CDRs present in SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises one or more VL CDRs present in SEQ ID NO: 22. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody comprises a VL CDR1 present in SEQ ID NO: 22. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody comprises a VL CDR2 present in SEQ ID NO: 22. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody comprises a VL CDR3 present in SEQ ID NO: 22. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody comprises one or more VH CDRs present in SEQ ID NO: 14. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody comprises a VH CDR1 present in SEQ ID NO: 14. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody comprises a VH CDR2 present in SEQ ID NO: 14. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody comprises a VH CDR3 present in SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises one or more VL CDRs present in SEQ ID NO: 30. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody comprises a VL CDR1 present in SEQ ID NO: 30. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody comprises a VL CDR2 present in SEQ ID NO: 30. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody comprises a VL CDR3 present in SEQ ID NO: 30. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody comprises one or more VH CDRs present in SEQ ID NO: 29. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody comprises a VH CDR1 present in SEQ ID NO: 29. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody comprises a VH CDR2 present in SEQ ID NO: 29. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody comprises a VH CDR3 present in SEQ ID NO: 29.
  • the ant-C1s antibody comprises a VL CDR1 (CDR-L1) comprising SEQ ID NO:1: KASQSVDYDGDSYMN. In some embodiments, the ant-C1s antibody comprises a VL CDR1 (CDR-L1) comprising SEQ ID NO: 33: SQSVDYDGDSY. In some embodiments, the ant-C1s antibody comprises a VL CDR1 (CDR-L1) comprising SEQ ID NO: 39: DSYMNWY.
  • the ant-C1s antibody comprises a VL CDR2 (CDR-L2) comprising SEQ ID NO:2: DASNLES. In some embodiments, the ant-C1s antibody comprises a VL CDR2 (CDR-L2) comprising SEQ ID NO: 34: DAS. In some embodiments, the ant-C1s antibody comprises a VL CDR2 (CDR-L2) comprising SEQ ID NO: 40: ILIYDASNLE.
  • the ant-C1s antibody comprises a VL CDR3 (CDR-L3) comprising SEQ ID NO:3: QQSNEDPWT. In some embodiments, the ant-C1s antibody comprises a VL CDR3 (CDR-L3) comprising SEQ ID NO: 35: SNEDPW. In some embodiments, the ant-C1s antibody comprises a VL CDR3 (CDR-L3) comprising SEQ ID NO: 41: QQSNEDPW.
  • the ant-C1s antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (CDR-H1) comprising SEQ ID NO:4: DDYIH. In some embodiments, the ant-C1s antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (CDR-H1) comprising SEQ ID NO: 36: GFNIKDD. In some embodiments, the ant-C1s antibody comprises a VH CDR1 (CDR-H1) comprising SEQ ID NO: 42: KDDYIH.
  • the ant-C1s antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (CDR-H2) comprising SEQ ID NO:5: RIDPADGHTKYAPKFQV.
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (CDR-H2) comprising SEQ ID NO: 37: ADG.
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises a VH CDR2 (CDR-H2) comprising SEQ ID NO: 43: WIGRIDPADGHTK.
  • the ant-C1s antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (CDR-H3) comprising SEQ ID NO:6: YGYGREVFDY. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (CDR-H3) comprising SEQ ID NO: 38: GYGREVFD. In some embodiments, the anti-C1s antibody comprises a VH CDR3 (CDR-H3) comprising SEQ ID NO: 44: ARYGYGREVFD.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a light chain variable region comprising CDR amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, and SEQ ID NO:3 (CDR-L1, CDR-L2, and CDR-L3, respectively).
  • an anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising CDR amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, and SEQ ID NO:6 (CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3, respectively).
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure comprises a VH region comprising the following sequence:
  • SEQ ID NO: 26 (Q/E)VQL(V/Q)QSGAE(V/L)KKPGASVK(L/V)SC(T/A)ASGFNIKDD YIHWV(K/R)QAPGQGLEWIGRIDPADGHTKYAPKFQVK(V/A)TITADTST (S/N)TAY(L/M)(E/Q)LSSL(R/T)SEDTAVYYCARYGYGREVFDYWGQG TTVTVSS.
  • the VH region of the antibody comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 (Table 3).
  • the VH region of the antibody comprises SEQ ID NO:14.
  • Variable Heavy Chain Variants Variant Variable Heavy Mature Heavy Chain Parental EVQLQQSGAELVRPGASV EVQLQQSGAELVRPGASVKLSCTASGFNIKDDYIHWVKQRPEQGLEWIG Murine KLSCTASGFNIKDDYIHW RIDPADGHTKYAPKFQVKATITADTSSNTAYLQLSSLTSEDTAVYYCAR anti-C1s VKQRPEQGLEWIGRIDPA YGYGREVEDYWGQGTTLTVSS ASTKGPSVFPLAPCSRSTSESTAALGCL VH DGHTKYAPKFQVKATITA VKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLG DTSSNTAYLQLSSLTSED TKTYTCNVDHKPSNTKVDKRVESKYGPPCPPCPAPEFEGGPSVFLFPPK TAVYYCARYGYGREVFDY PKDTLMISRTPEVTCV
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a VH region comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%, amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence depicted in FIG.
  • amino acid 1 is Glu
  • amino acid 5 is Val
  • amino acid 11 is Leu
  • amino acid 12 is Lys
  • amino acid 13 is Lys
  • amino acid 20 is Leu
  • amino acid 23 is Thr
  • amino acid 38 is Lys
  • amino acid 40 is Ala
  • amino acid 42 is Gly
  • amino acid 67 is Ala
  • amino acid 75 is Thr
  • amino acid 76 is Asn
  • amino acid 80 is Leu
  • amino acid 81 is Gln
  • amino acid 83 is Thr
  • amino acid 109 is Val, where the numbering of the amino acids is as depicted in FIG. 1 .
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure comprises a VH region comprising the amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 1 , and set forth in SEQ ID NO:10.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a VH region comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%, amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence depicted in FIG.
  • amino acid 1 is Glu
  • amino acid 5 is Val
  • amino acid 11 is Val
  • amino acid 12 is Lys
  • amino acid 13 is Lys
  • amino acid 20 is Leu
  • amino acid 23 is Thr
  • amino acid 38 is Lys
  • amino acid 40 is Ala
  • amino acid 42 is Gly
  • amino acid 67 is Ala
  • amino acid 75 is Thr
  • amino acid 76 is Asn
  • amino acid 80 is Leu
  • amino acid 81 is Glu
  • amino acid 83 is Arg
  • amino acid 109 is Val, where the numbering of the amino acids is as depicted in FIG. 2 .
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure comprises a VH region comprising the amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 2 , and set forth in SEQ ID NO:12.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a VH region comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%, amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence depicted in FIG.
  • amino acid 1 is Gln
  • amino acid 5 is Val
  • amino acid 11 is Val
  • amino acid 12 is Lys
  • amino acid 13 is Lys
  • amino acid 20 is Leu
  • amino acid 23 is Thr
  • amino acid 38 is Lys
  • amino acid 40 is Ala
  • amino acid 42 is Gly
  • amino acid 67 is Val
  • amino acid 75 is Thr
  • amino acid 76 is Ser
  • amino acid 80 is Leu
  • amino acid 81 is Glu
  • amino acid 83 is Arg
  • amino acid 109 is Val, where the numbering of the amino acids is as depicted in FIG. 3 .
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure comprises a VH region comprising the amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 3 , and set forth in SEQ ID NO:14.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a VH region comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%, amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence depicted in FIG.
  • amino acid 1 is Gln
  • amino acid 5 is Val
  • amino acid 11 is Val
  • amino acid 12 is Lys
  • amino acid 13 is Lys
  • amino acid 20 is Val
  • amino acid 23 is Thr
  • amino acid 38 is Arg
  • amino acid 40 is Ala
  • amino acid 42 is Gly
  • amino acid 67 is Val
  • amino acid 75 is Thr
  • amino acid 76 is Ser
  • amino acid 80 is Met
  • amino acid 81 is Glu
  • amino acid 83 is Arg
  • amino acid 109 is Val, where the numbering of the amino acids is as depicted in FIG. 4 .
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure comprises a VH region comprising the amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 4 , and set forth in SEQ ID NO:16.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a VH region comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%, amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence depicted in FIG.
  • amino acid 1 is Gln
  • amino acid 5 is Val
  • amino acid 11 is Val
  • amino acid 12 is Lys
  • amino acid 13 is Lys
  • amino acid 20 is Val
  • amino acid 23 is Ala
  • amino acid 38 is Arg
  • amino acid 40 is Ala
  • amino acid 42 is Gly
  • amino acid 67 is Val
  • amino acid 75 is Thr
  • amino acid 76 is Ser
  • amino acid 80 is Met
  • amino acid 81 is Glu
  • amino acid 83 is Arg
  • amino acid 109 is Val, where the numbering of the amino acids is as depicted in FIG. 5 .
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure comprises a VH region comprising the amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 5 , and set forth in SEQ ID NO:18.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure comprises a VL region comprising the following sequence:
  • the VL region of the antibody comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 20, 22, and 24 (Table 4).
  • the VL region of the antibody comprises SEQ ID NO: 22.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a VL region comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%, amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence depicted in FIG.
  • amino acid 9 is Asp
  • amino acid 17 is Glu
  • amino acid 40 is Thr
  • amino acid 46 is Ile
  • amino acid 74 is Thr
  • amino acid 76 is Ser
  • amino acid 77 is Ser
  • amino acid 78 is Leu
  • amino acid 80 is Glu
  • amino acid 83 is Phe
  • amino acid 85 is Ile
  • amino acid 104 is Val, where the numbering of the amino acids is as depicted in FIG. 6 .
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure comprises a VL region comprising the amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 6 , and set forth in SEQ ID NO:20.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a VL region comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%, amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence depicted in FIG.
  • amino acid 9 is Asp
  • amino acid 17 is Glu
  • amino acid 40 is Pro
  • amino acid 46 is Ile
  • amino acid 74 is Thr
  • amino acid 76 is Ser
  • amino acid 77 is Ser
  • amino acid 78 is Leu
  • amino acid 80 is Pro
  • amino acid 83 is Phe
  • amino acid 85 is Ile
  • amino acid 104 is Val, where the numbering of the amino acids is as depicted in FIG. 7 .
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure comprises a VL region comprising the amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 7 , and set forth in SEQ ID NO:22.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a VL region comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%, amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence depicted in FIG.
  • amino acid 9 is Asp
  • amino acid 17 is Glu
  • amino acid 40 is Pro
  • amino acid 46 is Leu
  • amino acid 74 is Thr
  • amino acid 76 is Ser
  • amino acid 77 is Ser
  • amino acid 78 is Leu
  • amino acid 80 is Pro
  • amino acid 83 is Phe
  • amino acid 85 is Val
  • amino acid 104 is Val, where the numbering of the amino acids is as depicted in FIG. 8 .
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure comprises a VL region comprising the amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 8 , and set forth in SEQ ID NO:24.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a VH variant 1 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 1 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10; and b) a VL variant 1 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 6 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 20.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a VH variant 1 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 1 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:10; and b) a VL variant 2 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 7 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:22.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a VH variant 1 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 1 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:10; and b) a VL variant 5 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 8 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:24.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a VH variant 2 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 2 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:12; and b) a VL variant 1 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 6 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:20.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a VH variant 2 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 2 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:12; and b) a VL variant 2 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 7 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:22.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a VH variant 2 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 2 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:12; and b) a VL variant 5 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 8 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:24.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a VH variant 3 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 3 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:14; and b) a VL variant 1 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 6 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:20.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a VH variant 3 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 3 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:14; and b) a VL variant 2 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 7 and set forth in SEQ ID NO:22.
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a VH region comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% percent identity with SEQ ID NO: 14; and b) a VL region comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% percent identity with SEQ ID NO: 22.
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a VH region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; and b) a VL region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a VH variant 3 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 3 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:14; and b) a VL variant 5 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 8 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a VH variant 4 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 4 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:16; and b) a VL variant 1 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 6 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:20.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a VH variant 4 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 4 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:16; and b) a VL variant 2 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 7 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:22.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a VH variant 4 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 4 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:16; and b) a VL variant 5 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 8 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a VH variant 5 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 5 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:18; and b) a VL variant 1 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 6 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:20.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a VH variant 5 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 5 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:18; and b) a VL variant 2 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 7 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:22.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a humanized anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a VH variant 5 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 5 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:18; and b) a VL variant 5 amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 8 and as set forth in SEQ ID NO:24.
  • the antibody comprises a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:14, a VL region comprising SEQ ID NO:22, and a heavy chain constant region; wherein the heavy chain constant region comprises an IgG4 constant region, wherein amino acid residue 308 of the heavy chain constant region corresponding to SEQ ID NO: 28 is a leucine, and amino acid residue 314 of the heavy chain constant region corresponding to SEQ ID NO: 28 is a serine; and wherein the antibody specifically binds activated C1s.
  • the antibody comprises a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:14, a VL region comprising SEQ ID NO:22, and a heavy chain constant region comprising SEQ ID NO:28; wherein the antibody specifically binds activated C1s.
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 29.
  • an antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:29.
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% identity to SEQ ID NO: 30.
  • an antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:30.
  • the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO:29 and a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO:30.
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises: a) a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% identity to SEQ ID NO:29; and b) a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% identity to SEQ ID NO:30.
  • a nucleic acid(s) comprising a nucleotide sequence(s) encoding the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO:31 and SEQ ID NO:32 can be used.
  • the anti-C1s antibody comprises a light chain constant region.
  • the light chain constant region comprises SEQ ID NO: 45 (RTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQ DSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC).
  • an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a complement C1s protein from an individual that has a complement system. In some embodiments, an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a complement C1s protein from a mammal, fish, or invertebrate that has a complement system. In some embodiments, an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a mammalian complement C1s protein.
  • an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a human complement C1s protein. In some embodiments, an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a rat complement C1s protein. In some embodiments, an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a complement C1s protein having the amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 13 (SEQ ID NO:9). Amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:9 represents Homo sapiens complement C1s protein, which has the amino acid sequence set forth in FIG. 13 .
  • an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a complement C1s protein with a dissociation constant (K D ) of no more than 2.5 nM. In some embodiments, an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a complement C1s protein with a K D of no more than 2 nM. In some embodiments, an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a complement C1s protein with a K D of no more than 1.5 nM.
  • K D dissociation constant
  • an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a complement C1s protein with a K D of no more than 1 nM. In some embodiments, an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a complement C1s protein with a K D of no more than 0.9 nM, no more than 0.8 nM, no more than 0.7 nM, no more than 0.6 nM, no more than 0.5 nM, no more than 0.4 nM, no more than 0.3 nM, no more than 0.2 nM, no more than 0.1 nM.
  • an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a complement C1s protein with a K D of no more than 0.3 nM. In some cases, an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a complement C1s protein with a K D of no more than 0.2 nM. In some cases, an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure, binds a complement C1s protein with a K D of no more than 0.1 nM. Methods to measure binding of an antibody to C1s protein can be determined by one skilled in the art.
  • an antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a complement C1s protein with a K D of no more than 90 pM, no more than 80 pM, no more than 70 pM, no more than 60 pM, no more than 50 pM, no more than 40 pM, no more than 30 pM, no more than 20 pM, no more than 10 pM, no more than 9 pM, no more than 8 pM, no more than 7 pM, no more than 6 pM, no more than 5 pM, no more than 4 pM, no more than 3 pM, no more than 2 pM, no more than 1 pM.
  • an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a human complement C1s protein with a dissociation constant (K D ) of no more than 2.5 nM. In some cases, an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a human complement C1s protein with a dissociation constant (K D ) of no more than 1.5 nM. In some embodiments, an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a human complement C1s protein with a K D of no more than 2 nM.
  • an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a human complement C1s protein with a K D of no more than 1 nM. In some cases, an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a human complement C1s protein with a K D of no more than 0.9 nM, no more than 0.8 nM, no more than 0.7 nM, no more than 0.6 nM, no more than 0.5 nM, no more than 0.4 nM, no more than 0.3 nM, no more than 0.2 nM, no more than 0.1 nM.
  • an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a human complement C1s protein with a K D of no more than 0.3 nM. In some cases, an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a human complement C1s protein with a K D of no more than 0.2 nM. In some cases, an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a human complement C1s protein with a K D of no more than 0.1 nM. Methods to measure binding of an antibody to human C1s protein can be determined by one skilled in the art. In some cases, a binding assay as described in the Examples is used to determine the K D between an antibody and a human C1s protein.
  • an antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure binds a human complement C1s protein with a K D of no more than 90 pM, no more than 80 pM, no more than 70 pM, no more than 60 pM, no more than 50 pM, no more than 40 pM, no more than 30 pM, no more than 20 pM, no more than 10 pM, no more than 9 pM, no more than 8 pM, no more than 7 pM, no more than 6 pM, no more than 5 pM, no more than 4 pM, no more than 3 pM, no more than 2 pM, no more than 1 pM.
  • an antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure inhibits the classical complement pathway with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 10 ⁇ 8 M or less, 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M or less, or 10 ⁇ 9 M or less.
  • IC 50 half-maximal inhibitory concentration
  • An antibody when administered to an individual in need thereof, can reduce complement pathway (CP) activity from 10% to 100% (e.g., from 10% to 15%, from 15% to 20%, from 20% to 25%, from 25% to 30%, from 30% to 40%, from 40% to 50%, from 50% to 60%, from 60% to 70%, from 70% to 80%, from 80% to 90%, or from 90% to 100%) for a period of time of from 1 day to 1 week, from 1 week to 2 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks, from 4 weeks to 2 months, or more than 2 months.
  • CP complement pathway
  • a single dose of an antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure when administered to an individual in need thereof, can reduce CP activity from 10% to 100% (e.g., from 10% to 15%, from 15% to 20%, from 20% to 25%, from 25% to 30%, from 30% to 40%, from 40% to 50%, from 50% to 60%, from 60% to 70%, from 70% to 80%, from 80% to 90%, or from 90% to 100%) for a period of time of from 1 day to 1 week, from 1 week to 2 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks, from 4 weeks to 2 months, or more than 2 months.
  • 10% to 100% e.g., from 10% to 15%, from 15% to 20%, from 20% to 25%, from 25% to 30%, from 30% to 40%, from 40% to 50%, from 50% to 60%, from 60% to 70%, from 70% to 80%, from 80% to 90%, or from 90% to 100%
  • CP activity e.g., from 10% to 15%, from 15% to 20%, from 20% to 25%, from 25% to 30%, from 30% to
  • An antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, when administered to an individual in need thereof, can provide for a serum concentration of the humanized anti-C1s antibody that is effective to reduce CP activity from 10% to 100% (e.g., from 10% to 15%, from 15% to 20%, from 20% to 25%, from 25% to 30%, from 30% to 40%, from 40% to 50%, from 50% to 60%, from 60% to 70%, from 70% to 80%, from 80% to 90%, or from 90% to 100%) for a period of time of from 1 day to 1 week, from 1 week to 2 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks, from 4 weeks to 2 months, or more than 2 months.
  • 10% to 100% e.g., from 10% to 15%, from 15% to 20%, from 20% to 25%, from 25% to 30%, from 30% to 40%, from 40% to 50%, from 50% to 60%, from 60% to 70%, from 70% to 80%, from 80% to 90%, or from 90% to 100%
  • a period of time of from 1 day to 1 week, from 1 week to
  • the present disclosure provides a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure.
  • a nucleic acid of the present disclosure comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding the VH region of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure.
  • a nucleic acid of the present disclosure comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding the VL region of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure.
  • a nucleic acid of the present disclosure comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding the VH region and the VL region of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure.
  • a nucleotide sequence encoding an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure can be operably linked to one or more regulatory elements, such as a promoter and enhancer, that allow expression of the nucleotide sequence in the intended target cells (e.g., a cell that is genetically modified to synthesize the encoded antibody).
  • the present disclosure provides a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, where the nucleotide sequence is operably linked to one or more regulatory elements, e.g., a promoter and/or an enhancer.
  • Suitable promoter and enhancer elements are known in the art.
  • Suitable promoters for use in prokaryotic host cells include, but are not limited to, a bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter; a T3 promoter; a T5 promoter; a lambda P promoter; a trp promoter; a lac operon promoter; a hybrid promoter, e.g., a lac/tac hybrid promoter, a tac/trc hybrid promoter, a trp/lac promoter, a T7/lac promoter; a trc promoter; a tac promoter, and the like; a gpt promoter; an araBAD promoter; in vivo regulated promoters, such as an ssaG promoter or a related promoter (see, e.g., U.S.
  • Patent Publication No. 20040131637 discloses apagC promoter (Pulkkinen and Miller, J. Bacteriol., 1991: 173(1): 86-93; Alpuche-Aranda et al., PNAS, 1992; 89(21): 10079-83), a nirB promoter (Harborne et al. (1992) Mol. Micro. 6:2805-2813), and the like (see, e.g., Dunstan et al. (1999) Infect. Immun. 67:5133-5141; McKelvie et al. (2004) Vaccine 22:3243-3255; and Chatfield et al. (1992) Biotechnol.
  • sigma70 promoter e.g., a consensus sigma70 promoter (see, e.g., GenBank Accession Nos. AX798980, AX798961, and AX798183); a stationary phase promoter, e.g., a dps promoter, an spy promoter, and the like; a promoter derived from the pathogenicity island SPI-2 (see, e.g., WO96/17951); an actA promoter (see, e.g., Shetron-Rama et al. (2002) Infect. Immun.
  • Suitable strong promoters for use in prokaryotes such as Escherichia coli include, but are not limited to Trc, Tac, T5, T7, and P Lambda .
  • operators for use in bacterial host cells include a lactose promoter operator (LacI repressor protein changes conformation when contacted with lactose, thereby preventing the LacI repressor protein from binding the operator), a tryptophan promoter operator (when complexed with tryptophan, TrpR repressor protein has a conformation that binds the operator; in the absence of tryptophan, the TrpR repressor protein has a conformation that does not bind the operator), and a tac promoter operator (see, for example, deBoer et al. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:21-25).
  • a suitable promoter is a constitutive promoter such as an ADH1 promoter, a PGK1 promoter, an ENO promoter, a PYK1 promoter and the like; or a regulatable promoter such as a GAL1 promoter, a GAL10 promoter, an ADH2 promoter, a PHO5 promoter, a CUP1 promoter, a GAL7 promoter, a MET25 promoter, a MET3 promoter, a CYC1 promoter, a HIS3 promoter, an ADH1 promoter, a PGK promoter, a GAPDH promoter, an ADC1 promoter, a TRP1 promoter, a URA3 promoter, a LEU2 promoter, an ENO promoter, a TP1 promoter, and AOX1 (e.g., for use in Pichia ).
  • a constitutive promoter such as an ADH1 promoter, a PGK1 promoter, an ENO promote
  • suitable promoters include, but are not limited to, light and/or heavy chain immunoglobulin gene promoter and enhancer elements; cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter; herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter; early and late SV40 promoters; promoter present in long terminal repeats from a retrovirus; mouse metallothionein-I promoter; and various art-known tissue specific promoters.
  • Constitutive mammalian promoters include, but are not limited to, the promoters for the following genes: hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT), adenosine deaminase, pyruvate kinase, beta-actin promoter, and other constitutive promoters.
  • HPRT hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase
  • adenosine deaminase pyruvate kinase
  • beta-actin promoter and other constitutive promoters.
  • Additional exemplary viral promoters which function constitutively in eukaryotic cells include, for example, promoters from the cytomegalovirus (CMV), simian virus (e.g., SV40), papilloma virus, adenovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Rous sarcoma virus, cytomegalovirus, the long terminal repeats (LTR) of Moloney leukemia virus, and other retroviruses, and the thymidine kinase promoter of herpes simplex virus.
  • CMV cytomegalovirus
  • simian virus e.g., SV40
  • papilloma virus e.g., SV40
  • HSV40 human immunodeficiency virus
  • HSV human immunodeficiency virus
  • Rous sarcoma virus cytomegalovirus
  • LTR long terminal repeats
  • the promoters useful as gene expression sequences of the disclosure also include inducible promote
  • Inducible promoters are expressed in the presence of an inducing agent.
  • the metallothionein promoter is induced to promote transcription and translation in the presence of certain metal ions.
  • Other inducible promoters are known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure can be present in any expression vector and/or a cloning vector known in the art.
  • an expression vector refers to any nucleic acid construct which contains the necessary elements for the transcription and translation of an inserted coding sequence, or in the case of an RNA viral vector, the necessary elements for replication and translation, when introduced into an appropriate host cell.
  • Expression vectors can include plasmids, phagemids, viruses, and derivatives thereof.
  • Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a recombinant vector comprising a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, where the recombinant vector is a cloning vector.
  • a recombinant vector comprising a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, where the recombinant vector is an expression vector, e.g., where the nucleotide sequence is operably linked to appropriate regulatory sequence(s) in the expression vector to ensure expression of the encoded antibody.
  • a subject antibody comprises two separate polypeptides
  • nucleic acids encoding the two polypeptides can be cloned in the same or separate vectors to form one or more recombinant vectors.
  • a recombinant vector can include a selectable marker, an origin of replication, and other features that provide for replication and/or maintenance of the recombinant vector (e.g., recombinant expression vector).
  • Bacterial pBs, phagescript, PsiX174, pBluescript SK, pBs KS, pNH8a, pNH16a, pNH18a, pNH46a (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif., USA); pTrc99A, pKK223-3, pKK233-3, pDR540, and pRIT5 (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden).
  • Eukaryotic pWLneo, pSV2cat, pOG44, PXR1, pSG (Stratagene) pSVK3, pBPV, pMSG and pSVL (Pharmacia).
  • Expression vectors generally have convenient restriction sites located near the promoter sequence to provide for the insertion of nucleic acid sequences encoding heterologous proteins.
  • a selectable marker operative in the expression host can be present.
  • Suitable expression vectors include, but are not limited to, viral vectors.
  • viral vectors include, but are not limited to, viral vectors based on: vaccinia virus; poliovirus; adenovirus (see, e.g., Li et al., Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 35:2543 2549, 1994; Borras et al., Gene Ther 6:515 524, 1999; Li and Davidson, PNAS 92:7700 7704, 1995; Sakamoto et al., H Gene Ther 5:1088 1097, 1999; WO 94/12649, WO 93/03769; WO 93/19191; WO 94/28938; WO 95/11984 and WO 95/00655); adeno-associated virus (see, e.g., Ali et al., Hum Gene Ther 9:81 86, 1998, Flannery et al., PNAS 94:6916 6921, 1997; Bennett et al., Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 38:2857 2863,
  • SV40 herpes simplex virus
  • a retroviral vector e.g., Murine Leukemia Virus, spleen necrosis virus, and vectors derived from retroviruses such as Rous Sarcoma Virus, Harvey Sarcoma Virus, avian leukosis virus, human immunodeficiency virus (see, e.g., Miyoshi et al., PNAS 94:10319 23, 1997; Takahashi et al., J Virol 73:7812 7816, 1999), myeloproliferative sarcoma virus, and mammary tumor virus); and the like.
  • a retroviral vector e.g., Murine Leukemia Virus, spleen necrosis virus, and vectors derived from retroviruses such as Rous Sarcoma Virus, Harvey Sarcoma Virus, avian leukosis virus, human immunodeficiency virus (see, e.g., Miyoshi et al.,
  • the vector is a viral vector.
  • Viral vectors include, but are not limited to, nucleic acid sequences from the following viruses: retrovirus, such as Moloney murine leukemia virus, Harvey murine sarcoma virus, murine mammary tumor virus, and Rous sarcoma virus; adenovirus, adeno-associated virus; SV40-type viruses; polyomaviruses; Epstein-Barr viruses; papilloma viruses; herpes virus; vaccinia virus; polio virus; and RNA virus such as a retrovirus.
  • retrovirus such as Moloney murine leukemia virus, Harvey murine sarcoma virus, murine mammary tumor virus, and Rous sarcoma virus
  • adenovirus adeno-associated virus
  • SV40-type viruses polyomaviruses
  • Epstein-Barr viruses Epstein-Barr viruses
  • papilloma viruses herpes virus
  • vaccinia virus
  • Non-cytopathic viruses include retroviruses, the life cycle of which involves reverse transcription of genomic viral RNA into DNA with subsequent proviral integration into host cellular DNA. Retroviruses have been approved for human gene therapy trials. Most useful are those retroviruses that are replication-deficient (i.e., capable of directing synthesis of the desired proteins, but incapable of manufacturing an infectious particle). Such genetically altered retroviral expression vectors have general utility for the high efficiency transduction of genes in vivo.
  • the virus is an adeno-associated virus, a double-stranded DNA virus.
  • the adeno-associated virus can be engineered to be replication-deficient and is capable of infecting a wide range of cell types and species. It further has advantages such as heat and lipid solvent stability; high transduction frequencies in cells of diverse lineages, including hematopoietic cells; and lack of superinfection inhibition thus allowing multiple series of transductions.
  • the adeno-associated virus can integrate into human cellular DNA in a site-specific manner, thereby minimizing the possibility of insertional mutagenesis and variability of inserted gene expression characteristic of retroviral infection.
  • adeno-associated virus infections have been followed in tissue culture for greater than 100 passages in the absence of selective pressure, implying that the adeno-associated virus genomic integration is a relatively stable event.
  • the adeno-associated virus can also function in an extrachromosomal fashion.
  • the viral vector is an adeno-associated virus (AAV) that has been manipulated to carry a polynucleotide encoding an anti-C1s antibody as disclosed herein.
  • AAV adeno-associated virus
  • rAAVs General methods for obtaining recombinant AAVs (rAAVs) have been disclosed. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809, 2013/0195801 as well as the references cited therein.
  • a rAAV vector comprises one or more AAV inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) and a transgene of interest (e.g., an optimized FIX polynucleotide sequence).
  • the methods of making rAAV involve culturing a desired host cell which contains a nucleic acid sequence encoding an AAV capsid protein or fragment thereof; a functional rep gene; a rAAV vector composed of, AAV inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) and a transgene of interest; and sufficient helper functions to permit packaging of the recombinant AAV vector into the AAV capsid proteins.
  • a desired host cell which contains a nucleic acid sequence encoding an AAV capsid protein or fragment thereof; a functional rep gene; a rAAV vector composed of, AAV inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) and a transgene of interest; and sufficient helper functions to permit packaging of the recombinant AAV vector into the AAV capsid proteins.
  • ITRs AAV inverted terminal repeats
  • AAV vector sequences derived from nearly any serotype can be used in accord with the present disclosure. Choice of a particular AAV vector sequence will be guided by known parameters such as tropism of interest, required vector yields, etc.
  • the AAV serotypes have genomic sequences of significant homology at the amino acid and the nucleic acid levels, provide a related set of genetic functions, produce virions which are related, and replicate and assemble similarly.
  • AAV serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are an illustrative source of AAV nucleotide sequences for use in the context of the present disclosure.
  • AAV6, AAV7, AAV8 or AAV9 or newly developed AAV-like particles obtained by e.g.
  • capsid shuffling techniques and AAV capsid libraries, or from newly designed, developed or evolved ITR's are also suitable for certain disclosure applications. See Dalkara, D et al. (2013), Sci Transl. Med. 5(189): 189ra76; Kotterman, M A Nat. Rev. Genet. (2014) 15(7):455.
  • the vector is derived from lentivirus. In certain embodiments, the vector is a vector of a recombinant lentivirus capable of infecting non-dividing cells.
  • the lentiviral genome and the proviral DNA typically have the three genes found in retroviruses: gag, pol and env, which are flanked by two long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences.
  • the gag gene encodes the internal structural (matrix, capsid and nucleocapsid) proteins; the pol gene encodes the RNA-directed DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase), a protease and an integrase; and the env gene encodes viral envelope glycoproteins.
  • the 5′ and 3′ LTR's serve to promote transcription and polyadenylation of the virion RNA's.
  • the LTR contains all other cis-acting sequences necessary for viral replication.
  • Lentiviruses have additional genes including vif, vpr, tat, rev, vpu, nef and vpx (in HIV-1, HIV-2 and/or SIV).
  • Adjacent to the 5′ LTR are sequences necessary for reverse transcription of the genome (the tRNA primer binding site) and for efficient encapsidation of viral RNA into particles (the Psi site). If the sequences necessary for encapsidation (or packaging of retroviral RNA into infectious virions) are missing from the viral genome, the cis defect prevents encapsidation of genomic RNA.
  • the disclosure provides a method of producing a recombinant lentivirus capable of infecting a non-dividing cell comprising transfecting a suitable host cell with two or more vectors carrying the packaging functions, namely gag, pol and env, as well as rev and tat.
  • vectors lacking a functional tat gene are desirable for certain applications.
  • a first vector can provide a nucleic acid encoding a viral gag and a viral pol and another vector can provide a nucleic acid encoding a viral env to produce a packaging cell.
  • Introducing a vector providing a heterologous gene, herein identified as a transfer vector, into that packaging cell yields a producer cell which releases infectious viral particles carrying the foreign gene of interest.
  • the second vector can provide a nucleic acid encoding a viral envelope (env) gene.
  • env viral envelope
  • the env gene can be derived from nearly any suitable virus, including retroviruses.
  • the env protein is an amphotropic envelope protein which allows transduction of cells of human and other species.
  • retroviral-derived env genes include, but are not limited to: Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV or MMLV), Harvey murine sarcoma virus (HaMuSV or HSV), murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV or MMTV), gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV or GALV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Rous sarcoma virus (RSV).
  • Other env genes such as Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) protein G (VSV G), that of hepatitis viruses and of influenza also can be used.
  • VSV Vesicular stomatitis virus
  • VSV G Vesicular stomatitis virus
  • the vector providing the viral env nucleic acid sequence is associated operably with regulatory sequences described elsewhere herein.
  • the vector includes a lentiviral vector in which the HIV virulence genes env, vif, vpr, vpu and nef were deleted without compromising the ability of the vector to transduce non-dividing cells.
  • the vector includes a lentiviral vector which comprises a deletion of the U3 region of the 3′ LTR.
  • the deletion of the U3 region can be the complete deletion or a partial deletion.
  • the lentiviral vector of the disclosure comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an anti-C1s antibody described herein can be transfected in a cell with (a) a first nucleotide sequence comprising a gag, a pol, or gag and pol genes and (b) a second nucleotide sequence comprising a heterologous env gene; wherein the lentiviral vector lacks a functional tat gene.
  • the cell is further transfected with a fourth nucleotide sequence comprising a rev gene.
  • the lentiviral vector lacks functional genes selected from vif, vpr, vpu, vpx and nef, or a combination thereof.
  • a lentiviral vector comprises one or more nucleotide sequences encoding a gag protein, a Rev-response element, a central polypurine track (cPPT), or any combination thereof.
  • lentiviral vectors examples include WO9931251, WO9712622, WO9817815, WO9817816, and WO9818934, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
  • Plasmid vectors have been extensively described in the art and are well-known to those of skill in the art. See, e.g., Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989. In the last few years, plasmid vectors have been found to be particularly advantageous for delivering genes to cells in vivo because of their inability to replicate within and integrate into a host genome. These plasmids, however, having a promoter compatible with the host cell, can express a peptide from a gene operably encoded within the plasmid.
  • Plasmids available from commercial suppliers include pBR322, pUC18, pUC19, various pcDNA plasmids, pRC/CMV, various pCMV plasmids, pSV40, and pBlueScript. Additional examples of specific plasmids include pcDNA3.1, catalog number V79020; pcDNA3.1/hygro, catalog number V87020; pcDNA4/myc-His, catalog number V86320; and pBudCE4.1, catalog number V53220, all from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, Calif.). Other plasmids are well-known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, plasmids can be custom designed using standard molecular biology techniques to remove and/or add specific fragments of DNA.
  • the present disclosure provides isolated genetically modified host cells (e.g., in vitro cells) that are genetically modified with a subject nucleic acid.
  • a subject isolated genetically modified host cell can produce a subject antibody.
  • Such a cell is referred to as a “recombinant cell” or a “genetically modified host cell.”
  • a genetically modified host cell of the present disclosure comprises a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure.
  • Suitable host cells include eukaryotic host cells, such as a mammalian cell, an insect host cell, a yeast cell; and prokaryotic cells, such as a bacterial cell.
  • eukaryotic host cells such as a mammalian cell, an insect host cell, a yeast cell
  • prokaryotic cells such as a bacterial cell.
  • Introduction of a subject nucleic acid into the host cell can be effected, for example by calcium phosphate precipitation, DEAE dextran mediated transfection, liposome-mediated transfection, electroporation, or other known method.
  • Suitable mammalian cells include primary cells and immortalized cell lines.
  • Suitable mammalian cell lines include human cell lines, non-human primate cell lines, rodent (e.g., mouse, rat) cell lines, and the like.
  • Suitable mammalian cell lines include, but are not limited to, HeLa cells (e.g., American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) No. CCL-2), CHO cells (e.g., ATCC Nos. CRL9618, CCL61, CRL9096), 293 cells (e.g., ATCC No. CRL-1573), Vero cells, NIH 3T3 cells (e.g., ATCC No. CRL-1658), Huh-7 cells, BHK cells (e.g., ATCC No.
  • ATCC American Type Culture Collection
  • the cells are HEK cells.
  • the cells are HEK 293 cells.
  • the cells are CHO cells, e.g., CHO-K1 cells (ATCC No. CCL-61), CHO-M cells, CHO-DG44 cells (ATCC No.
  • the host cell is a COS cell. In some embodiments, the host cell is a 293 cell. In some embodiments, the host cell is a CHO cell.
  • Suitable yeast cells include, but are not limited to, Pichia pastoris, Pichia finlandica, Pichia trehalophila, Pichia koclamae, Pichia membranaefaciens, Pichia opuntiae, Pichia thermotolerans, Pichia salictaria, Pichia guercuum, Pichia pijperi, Pichia stiptis, Pichia methanolica, Pichia sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces sp., Hansenula polymorpha, Kluyveromyces sp., Kluyveromyces lactis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma reesei, Chrysosporium lucknowense, Fusarium sp., Fusarium gramineum, Fusarium
  • Suitable prokaryotic cells include, but are not limited to, any of a variety of laboratory strains of Escherichia coli, Bacillus (e.g., B. subtilis ), Lactobacillus sp., and the like. See, e.g., Carrier et al. (1992) J. Immunol. 148:1176-1181; U.S. Pat. No. 6,447,784; and Sizemore et al. (1995) Science 270:299-302.
  • the laboratory strain is one that is non-pathogenic.
  • the host cell is Escherichia coli .
  • the host cell is Bacillus subtilis.
  • transfection including electrophoresis and electroporation
  • protoplast fusion including electrophoresis and electroporation
  • calcium phosphate precipitation cell fusion with enveloped DNA
  • microinjection and infection with intact virus.
  • transfection including electrophoresis and electroporation
  • protoplast fusion including electrophoresis and electroporation
  • calcium phosphate precipitation cell fusion with enveloped DNA
  • microinjection and infection with intact virus.
  • plasmid introduction into the host is via electroporation.
  • the transformed cells are grown under conditions appropriate to the production of the light chains and heavy chains, and assayed for heavy and/or light chain protein synthesis.
  • exemplary assay techniques include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), or flourescence-activated cell sorter analysis (FACS), immunohistochemistry and the like.
  • Host cells comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecules of the disclosure are grown in an appropriate growth medium.
  • appropriate growth medium means a medium containing nutrients required for the growth of cells.
  • Nutrients required for cell growth can include a carbon source, a nitrogen source, essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and growth factors.
  • the media can contain one or more selection factors.
  • the media can contain bovine calf serum or fetal calf serum (FCS).
  • the media contains substantially no IgG.
  • the growth medium will generally select for cells containing the DNA construct by, for example, drug selection or deficiency in an essential nutrient which is complemented by the selectable marker on the DNA construct or co-transfected with the DNA construct.
  • Cultured mammalian cells are generally grown in commercially available serum-containing or serum-free media (e.g., MEM, DMEM, DMEM/F12).
  • the medium is CDoptiCHO (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.).
  • the medium is CD17 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.). Selection of a medium appropriate for the particular cell line used is within the level of those ordinary skilled in the art.
  • compositions including pharmaceutical compositions comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure.
  • a pharmaceutical composition also referred to herein as a formulation, comprises an effective amount of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure.
  • An “effective amount” means a dosage sufficient to produce a desired result, e.g., reduction in an adverse symptom associated with a complement-mediated disease or disorder, amelioration of a symptom of a complement-mediated disease or disorder, slowing progression of a complement-mediated disease or disorder, etc.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is formulated with an agent that facilitates crossing the blood-brain barrier.
  • an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is fused, directly or through a linker, to a compound that promotes the crossing of the blood-brain barrier.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated for parenteral administration (i.e. intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular) by bolus injection.
  • parenteral administration i.e. intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular
  • Formulations for injection can be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multidose containers with an added preservative.
  • the compositions can take such forms as suspensions, solutions, or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
  • the active ingredient can be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., pyrogen free water.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • an anti-C1s antibody can be administered to the host using any convenient means capable of resulting in the desired therapeutic effect or diagnostic effect.
  • the agent can be incorporated into a variety of formulations for therapeutic administration.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprises an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • an anti-C1s antibody can be administered in the form of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, or they can also be used alone or in appropriate association, as well as in combination, with other pharmaceutically active compounds.
  • the following methods and excipients are merely exemplary and are in no way limiting.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • an anti-C1s antibody can be used alone or in combination with appropriate additives to make tablets, powders, granules or capsules, for example, with conventional additives, such as lactose, mannitol, corn starch or potato starch; with binders, such as crystalline cellulose, cellulose derivatives, acacia, corn starch or gelatins; with disintegrators, such as corn starch, potato starch or sodium carboxymethylcellulose; with lubricants, such as talc or magnesium stearate; and if desired, with diluents, buffering agents, moistening agents, preservatives and flavoring agents.
  • conventional additives such as lactose, mannitol, corn starch or potato starch
  • binders such as crystalline cellulose, cellulose derivatives, acacia, corn starch or gelatins
  • disintegrators such as corn starch, potato
  • An anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure can be formulated into preparations for injection by dissolving, suspending or emulsifying the antibody in an aqueous or nonaqueous solvent, such as vegetable or other similar oils, propylene glycol, synthetic aliphatic acid glycerides, injectable organic esters (e.g., ethyl oleate), esters of higher aliphatic acids or propylene glycol; and if desired, with conventional additives such as solubilizers, isotonic agents, suspending agents, emulsifying agents, stabilizers and preservatives.
  • an aqueous or nonaqueous solvent such as vegetable or other similar oils, propylene glycol, synthetic aliphatic acid glycerides, injectable organic esters (e.g., ethyl oleate), esters of higher aliphatic acids or propylene glycol; and if desired, with conventional
  • Parenteral vehicles include sodium chloride solution, Ringer's dextrose, dextrose and sodium chloride, lactated Ringer's, or fixed oils.
  • Intravenous vehicles include fluid and nutrient replenishers, electrolyte replenishers (such as those based on Ringer's dextrose), and the like.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can comprise further agents such as dopamine or psychopharmacologic drugs, depending on the intended use of the pharmaceutical composition.
  • compositions comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure are prepared by mixing an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure having the desired degree of purity with optional physiologically acceptable carriers, other excipients, stabilizers, surfactants, buffers and/or tonicity agents.
  • Acceptable carriers, other excipients and/or stabilizers are nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid, glutathione, cysteine, methionine and citric acid; preservatives (such as ethanol, benzyl alcohol, phenol, m-cresol, p-chlor-m-cresol, methyl or propyl parabens, benzalkonium chloride, or combinations thereof); amino acids such as arginine, glycine, ornithine, lysine, histidine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, isoleucine, leucine, alanine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, methionine, serine, proline and combinations thereof; monosaccharides, disaccharides and other carbohydrates; low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be in a liquid form, a lyophilized form, or a liquid form reconstituted from a lyophilized form, wherein the lyophilized preparation is to be reconstituted with a sterile solution prior to administration.
  • the standard procedure for reconstituting a lyophilized composition is to add back a volume of pure water (typically equivalent to the volume removed during lyophilization); however solutions comprising antibacterial agents can be used for the production of pharmaceutical compositions for parenteral administration; see also Chen (1992) Drug Dev Ind Pharm 18, 1311-54.
  • Exemplary antibody concentrations in a subject pharmaceutical composition can range from about 1 mg/mL to about 200 mg/mL or from about 50 mg/mL to about 200 mg/mL, or from about 150 mg/mL to about 200 mg/mL.
  • An aqueous formulation of an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure can be prepared in a pH-buffered solution, e.g., at pH ranging from about 4.0 to about 7.0, or from about 5.0 to about 6.0, or alternatively about 5.5.
  • buffers that are suitable for a pH within this range include phosphate-, histidine-, citrate-, succinate-, acetate-buffers and other organic acid buffers.
  • the buffer concentration can be from about 1 mM to about 100 mM, or from about 5 mM to about 50 mM, depending, e.g., on the buffer and the desired tonicity of the formulation.
  • a tonicity agent can be included in the antibody formulation to modulate the tonicity of the formulation.
  • exemplary tonicity agents include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, glycerin and any component from the group of amino acids, sugars as well as combinations thereof.
  • the aqueous formulation is isotonic, although hypertonic or hypotonic solutions can be suitable.
  • isotonic denotes a solution having the same tonicity as some other solution with which it is compared, such as a physiological salt solution or serum.
  • Tonicity agents can be used in an amount of about 5 mM to about 350 mM, e.g., in an amount of 100 mM to 350 nM.
  • a surfactant can also be added to the antibody formulation to reduce aggregation of the formulated antibody and/or minimize the formation of particulates in the formulation and/or reduce adsorption.
  • exemplary surfactants include polyoxyethylensorbitan fatty acid esters (Tween), polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers (Brij), alkylphenylpolyoxyethylene ethers (Triton-X), polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer (Poloxamer, Pluronic), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).
  • polyoxyethylenesorbitan-fatty acid esters examples include polysorbate 20, (sold under the trademark TWEEN 20TM) and polysorbate 80 (sold under the trademark Tween 80TM).
  • suitable polyethylene-polypropylene copolymers examples include those sold under the names PLURONIC® F68 or POLOXAMER 188TM.
  • suitable Polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers are those sold under the trademark BRIJTM.
  • Exemplary concentrations of surfactant can range from about 0.001% to about 1% w/v.
  • a lyoprotectant can also be added in order to protect the labile active ingredient (e.g. a protein) against destabilizing conditions during the lyophilization process.
  • lyoprotectants include sugars (including glucose and sucrose); polyols (including mannitol, sorbitol and glycerol); and amino acids (including alanine, glycine and glutamic acid). Lyoprotectants can be included in an amount of about 10 mM to 500 nM.
  • a subject formulation includes an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, and one or more of the above-identified agents (e.g., a surfactant, a buffer, a stabilizer, a tonicity agent) and is essentially free of one or more preservatives, such as ethanol, benzyl alcohol, phenol, m-cresol, p-chlor-m-cresol, methyl or propyl parabens, benzalkonium chloride, and combinations thereof.
  • a preservative is included in the formulation, e.g., at concentrations ranging from about 0.001 to about 2% (w/v).
  • a subject formulation can be a liquid or lyophilized formulation suitable for parenteral administration, and can comprise: about 1 mg/mL to about 200 mg/mL of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure; about 0.001% to about 1% of at least one surfactant; about 1 mM to about 100 mM of a buffer; optionally about 10 mM to about 500 mM of a stabilizer; and about 5 mM to about 305 mM of a tonicity agent; and has a pH of about 4.0 to about 7.0.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a subject parenteral formulation is a liquid or lyophilized formulation comprising: about 1 mg/mL to about 200 mg/mL of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure; 0.04% Tween 20 w/v; 20 mM L-histidine; and 250 mM Sucrose; and has a pH of 5.5.
  • a subject parenteral formulation comprises a lyophilized formulation comprising: 1) 15 mg/mL of a subject antibody (e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure); 0.04% Tween 20 w/v; 20 mM L-histidine; and 250 mM sucrose; and has a pH of 5.5; or 2) 75 mg/mL of a subject antibody; 0.04% Tween 20 w/v; 20 mM L-histidine; and 250 mM sucrose; and has a pH of 5.5; or 3) 75 mg/mL of a subject antibody; 0.02% Tween 20 w/v; 20 mM L-histidine; and 250 mM sucrose; and has a pH of 5.5; or 4) 75 mg/mL of a subject antibody; 0.04% Tween 20 w/v; 20 mM L-histidine; and 250 mM trehalose; and has a pH of 5.5; or
  • a subject parenteral formulation is a liquid formulation comprising: 1) 7.5 mg/mL of a subject antibody; 0.02% Tween 20 w/v; 120 mM L-histidine; and 250 125 mM sucrose; and has a pH of 5.5; or 2) 37.5 mg/mL of a subject antibody; 0.02% Tween 20 w/v; 10 mM L-histidine; and 125 mM sucrose; and has a pH of 5.5; or 3) 37.5 mg/mL of a subject antibody; 0.01% Tween 20 w/v; 10 mM L-histidine; and 125 mM sucrose; and has a pH of 5.5; or 4) 37.5 mg/mL of a subject antibody; 0.02% Tween 20 w/v; 10 mM L-histidine; 125 mM trehalose; and has a pH of 5.5; or 5) 37.5 mg/mL of a subject antibody; 0.0
  • a subject antibody can be utilized in aerosol formulation to be administered via inhalation.
  • a subject antibody can be formulated into pressurized acceptable propellants such as dichlorodifluoromethane, propane, nitrogen and the like.
  • Aerosol formulations such as nasal spray formulations include purified aqueous or other solutions of the active agent with preservative agents and isotonic agents. Such formulations are adjusted to a pH and isotonic state compatible with the nasal mucous membranes.
  • Unit dosage forms for oral administration such as syrups, elixirs, and suspensions can be provided wherein each dosage unit, for example, teaspoonful, tablespoonful, or tablet, contains a predetermined amount of the composition.
  • unit dosage forms for injection or intravenous administration can comprise a subject antibody in a composition as a solution in sterile water, normal saline or another pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • unit dosage form refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human and animal subjects, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, calculated in an amount sufficient to produce the desired effect in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, carrier or vehicle.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • the specifications for a subject antibody can depend on the particular antibody employed and the effect to be achieved, and the pharmacodynamics associated with each antibody in the host.
  • a subject antibody can be formulated in suppositories and, in some cases, aerosol and intranasal compositions.
  • the vehicle composition will include traditional binders and carriers such as, polyalkylene glycols, or triglycerides.
  • suppositories can be formed from mixtures containing the active ingredient in the range of about 0.5% to about 10% (w/w), e.g., about 1% to about 2%.
  • Intranasal formulations will usually include vehicles that neither cause irritation to the nasal mucosa nor significantly disturb ciliary function. Diluents such as water, aqueous saline or other known substances can be employed.
  • the nasal formulations can also contain preservatives such as, but not limited to, chlorobutanol and benzalkonium chloride.
  • a surfactant can be present to enhance absorption of the subject antibody by the nasal mucosa.
  • a subject antibody can be administered as an injectable formulation.
  • injectable compositions are prepared as liquid solutions or suspensions; solid forms suitable for solution in, or suspension in, liquid vehicles prior to injection can also be prepared.
  • the preparation can also be emulsified or the antibody encapsulated in liposome vehicles.
  • Suitable excipient vehicles are, for example, water, saline, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol, or the like, and combinations thereof.
  • the vehicle can contain minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents or pH buffering agents.
  • auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents or pH buffering agents.
  • Actual methods of preparing such dosage forms are known, or will be apparent, to those skilled in the art. See, e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 17th edition, 1985.
  • the composition or formulation to be administered will, in any event, contain a quantity of a subject antibody adequate to achieve the desired state in the subject being treated.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as vehicles, adjuvants, carriers or diluents, are readily available to the public.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substances such as pH adjusting and buffering agents, tonicity adjusting agents, stabilizers, wetting agents and the like, are readily available to the public.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a controlled release formulation e.g., a controlled release formulation.
  • Sustained-release preparations can be prepared using methods well known in the art. Suitable examples of sustained-release preparations include semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing the antibody in which the matrices are in the form of shaped articles, e.g. films or microcapsules.
  • sustained-release matrices examples include polyesters, copolymers of L-glutamic acid and ethyl-L-glutamate, non-degradable ethylene-vinyl acetate, hydrogels, polylactides, degradable lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymers and poly-D-( ⁇ )-3-hydroxybutyric acid.
  • Possible loss of biological activity and possible changes in immunogenicity of antibodies comprised in sustained-release preparations can be prevented by using appropriate additives, by controlling moisture content and by developing specific polymer matrix compositions.
  • Controlled release within the scope of the present disclosure can be taken to mean any one of a number of extended release dosage forms.
  • the following terms can be considered to be substantially equivalent to controlled release, for the purposes of the present disclosure: continuous release, controlled release, delayed release, depot, extended release, gradual release, immediate release, long-term release, programmed release, prolonged release, proportionate release, protracted release, repository, retard, slow release, spaced release, sustained release, time coat, timed release, delayed action, extended action, layered-time action, long acting, prolonged action, repeated action, slowing acting, sustained action, and sustained-action medications. Further discussions of these terms can be found in Lesczek Krowczynski, Extended - Release Dosage Forms, 1987 (CRC Press, Inc.).
  • Controlled release technologies cover a very broad spectrum of drug dosage forms. Controlled release technologies include, but are not limited to physical systems and chemical systems.
  • Physical systems include, but are not limited to, reservoir systems with rate-controlling membranes, such as microencapsulation, macroencapsulation, and membrane systems; reservoir systems without rate-controlling membranes, such as hollow fibers, ultra microporous cellulose triacetate, and porous polymeric substrates and foams; monolithic systems, including those systems physically dissolved in non-porous, polymeric, or elastomeric matrices (e.g., nonerodible, erodible, environmental agent ingression, and degradable), and materials physically dispersed in non-porous, polymeric, or elastomeric matrices (e.g., nonerodible, erodible, environmental agent ingression, and degradable); laminated structures, including reservoir layers chemically similar or dissimilar to outer control layers; and other physical methods, such as osmotic pumps, or adsorption onto ion-exchange resins.
  • rate-controlling membranes such as microencapsulation, macroencapsulation, and membrane systems
  • Chemical systems include, but are not limited to, chemical erosion of polymer matrices (e.g., heterogeneous, or homogeneous erosion), or biological erosion of a polymer matrix (e.g., heterogeneous, or homogeneous). Additional discussion of categories of systems for controlled release can be found in Agis F. Kydonieus, Controlled Release Technologies: Methods, Theory and Applications, 1980 (CRC Press, Inc.).
  • controlled release drug formulations that are developed for oral administration. These include, but are not limited to, osmotic pressure-controlled gastrointestinal delivery systems; hydrodynamic pressure-controlled gastrointestinal delivery systems; membrane permeation-controlled gastrointestinal delivery systems, which include microporous membrane permeation-controlled gastrointestinal delivery devices; gastric fluid-resistant intestine targeted controlled-release gastrointestinal delivery devices; gel diffusion-controlled gastrointestinal delivery systems; and ion-exchange-controlled gastrointestinal delivery systems, which include cationic and anionic drugs. Additional information regarding controlled release drug delivery systems can be found in Yie W. Chien, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, 1992 (Marcel Dekker, Inc.).
  • a suitable dosage can be determined by an attending physician or other qualified medical personnel, based on various clinical factors. As is well known in the medical arts, dosages for any one patient depend upon many factors, including the patient's size, body surface area, age, the particular compound to be administered, sex of the patient, time, and route of administration, general health, and other drugs being administered concurrently.
  • An anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure can be administered in amounts between 1 ng/kg body weight and 20 mg/kg body weight per dose, e.g.
  • the regimen is a continuous infusion, it can also be in the range of 1 ⁇ g to 10 mg per kilogram of body weight per minute.
  • a dose of an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is in the range of 0.001 ⁇ g to 1000 ⁇ g; however, doses below or above this exemplary range are envisioned, especially considering the aforementioned factors.
  • the dosage can range, e.g., from about 0.0001 to 100 mg/kg, or from about 0.01 to 5 mg/kg (e.g., 0.02 mg/kg, 0.25 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 0.75 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, etc.) body weight.
  • dosages can be 1 mg/kg body weight or 10 mg/kg body weight or within the range of 1-10 mg/kg, or at least 1 mg/kg. Doses intermediate in the above ranges are also intended to be within the scope of the disclosure.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is administered in an amount that provides for a peak serum concentration of from about 1 ⁇ g/ml to about 1 mg/ml, e.g., from about 1 ⁇ g/ml to about 2.5 ⁇ g/ml, from about 2.5 ⁇ g/ml to about 5 ⁇ g/ml, from about 5 ⁇ g/ml to about 7.5 ⁇ g/ml, from about 7.5 ⁇ g/ml to about 10 ⁇ g/ml, from about 10 ⁇ g/ml to about 25 ⁇ g/ml, from about 25 ⁇ g/ml to about 50 ⁇ g/ml, from about 50 ⁇ g/ml to about 100 ⁇ g/ml, from about 100 ⁇ g/ml to about 250 ⁇ g/ml, from about 250 ⁇ g/ml to about 500 ⁇ g/ml, from about 500 ⁇ g/ml to about
  • a subject anti-C1s antibody is administered in an amount that provides for a peak serum concentration of greater than 1 mg/ml, e.g., from about 1 mg/ml to about 2 mg/ml, from about 2 mg/ml to about 5 mg/ml, or from about 5 mg/ml to about 10 mg/ml.
  • a humanized antibody of the present disclosure can be administered according to any schedule and for any period of time.
  • dose levels and administration schedules can vary as a function of the specific antibody, the severity of the symptoms and the susceptibility of the subject to side effects.
  • Preferred dosages and administration schedules for a given compound are readily determinable by those of skill in the art by a variety of means.
  • a subject antibody is administered to an individual using any available method and route suitable for drug delivery, including in vivo and ex vivo methods, as well as systemic and localized routes of administration.
  • routes of administration include intranasal, intramuscular, intratracheal, intrathecal, intracranial, subcutaneous, intradermal, topical, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial (e.g., via the carotid artery), spinal or brain delivery, rectal, nasal, oral, and other enteral and parenteral routes of administration. Routes of administration can be combined, if desired, or adjusted depending upon the antibody and/or the desired effect.
  • a subject antibody composition can be administered in a single dose or in multiple doses. In some embodiments, a subject antibody composition is administered orally. In some embodiments, a subject antibody composition is administered via an inhalational route. In some embodiments, a subject antibody composition is administered intranasally.
  • a subject antibody composition is administered locally. In some embodiments, a subject antibody composition is administered intracranially. In some embodiments, a subject antibody composition is administered intravenously. In some embodiments, a subject antibody composition is administered subcutaneously. In some embodiments, a subject antibody composition is administered intramuscularly. In some embodiments, a subject antibody composition is administered intrathecally.
  • An antibody of the present disclosure can be administered to a host using any available conventional methods and routes suitable for delivery of conventional drugs, including systemic or localized routes.
  • routes of administration contemplated by the disclosure include, but are not necessarily limited to, enteral, parenteral, or inhalational routes.
  • Parenteral routes of administration other than inhalation administration include, but are not necessarily limited to, topical, transdermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraorbital, intracapsular, intraspinal, intrasternal, intrathecal, and intravenous routes, i.e., any route of administration other than through the alimentary canal.
  • Parenteral administration can be carried to effect systemic or local delivery of a subject antibody. Where systemic delivery is desired, administration typically involves invasive or systemically absorbed topical or mucosal administration of pharmaceutical preparations.
  • a subject antibody can also be delivered to the subject by enteral administration.
  • Enteral routes of administration include, but are not necessarily limited to, oral and rectal (e.g., using a suppository) delivery.
  • treatment is meant at least an amelioration of the symptoms associated with the pathological condition afflicting the host, where amelioration is used in a broad sense to refer to at least a reduction in the magnitude of a parameter, e.g., symptom, associated with the pathological condition being treated, such as a complement-mediated disease or disorder.
  • amelioration also includes situations where the pathological condition, or at least symptoms associated therewith, are completely inhibited, e.g., prevented from happening, or stopped, e.g., terminated, such that the host no longer suffers from the pathological condition, or at least the symptoms that characterize the pathological condition.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a subject antibody e.g., a humanized antibody
  • hosts are treatable according to the subject methods.
  • hosts are “mammals” or “mammalian,” where these terms are used broadly to describe organisms which are within the class mammalia, including the orders carnivore (e.g., cats), herbivores (e.g., cattle, horses, and sheep), omnivores (e.g., dogs, goats, and pigs), rodentia (e.g., mice, guinea pigs, and rats), and primates (e.g., humans, chimpanzees, and monkeys).
  • carnivore e.g., cats
  • herbivores e.g., cattle, horses, and sheep
  • omnivores e.g., dogs, goats, and pigs
  • rodentia e.g., mice, guinea pigs, and rats
  • primates e.g., humans, chimpanzees, and monkeys.
  • the host is an individual that has a complement system, such as a mammal, fish, or invertebrate.
  • a complement system such as a mammal, fish, or invertebrate.
  • the host is a complement system-containing mammal, fish, or invertebrate companion animal, agricultural animal, work animal, zoo animal, or lab animal.
  • the host is human.
  • compositions comprising a container suitable for containing a composition comprising a subject anti-C1s antibody for administration to an individual.
  • a subject antibody can be disposed within a container suitable for containing a pharmaceutical composition.
  • the container can be, for example, a bottle (e.g., with a closure device, such as a cap), a blister pack (e.g., which can provide for enclosure of one or more doses per blister), a vial, flexible packaging (e.g., sealed Mylar or plastic bags), an ampule (for single doses in solution), a dropper, a syringe, thin film, a tube and the like.
  • a container such as a sterile container, comprises a subject pharmaceutical composition.
  • the container is a bottle or a syringe.
  • the container is a bottle.
  • the container is a syringe.
  • Kits with unit doses of an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, e.g. in oral or injectable doses, are provided.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • kits in addition to the containers containing the unit doses will be an informational package insert describing the use and attendant benefits of the antibody in treating pathological condition of interest.
  • Preferred compounds and unit doses are those described herein above.
  • the present disclosure provides methods of treating a subject in need thereof with an anti-C1s antibody or a nucleotide encoding an anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure.
  • the methods comprise treating a complement-mediated disease or disorder.
  • the methods generally involve administering an effective amount of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising such an antibody, to an individual in need thereof.
  • administration of a subject anti-C1s antibody modulates the activity of complement C1s in a cell, a tissue, a fluid, or an organ of an individual, and treats the complement-mediated disease or disorder.
  • Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods of inhibiting activation of complement component C4 in an individual, the methods comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutical composition comprising such an antibody.
  • the present disclosure provides methods of inhibiting complement C1s activity in an individual, the methods comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutical composition comprising such an antibody.
  • the present disclosure provides methods of reducing the level of a complement component cleavage product in an individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in an individual), the methods comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutical composition comprising such an antibody.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • a method of the present disclosure to treat an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder comprises administering to the individual an effective amount of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure or an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising: a) an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure; and b) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient suitable for administration to such individual.
  • the individual is a mammal.
  • the individual is a human.
  • Administration can be by any route known to those skilled in the art, including those disclosed herein.
  • administering is intravenous.
  • administering is intrathecal.
  • administering is subcutaneous.
  • administering intramuscular comprises administering to the individual an effective amount of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure or an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising: a) an anti
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, reduces the level of a complement component cleavage product in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual).
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, reduces the level of a complement component cleavage product in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual) by at least about 1%, by at least about 5%, by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or about 100%, compared to the level of the complement component cleavage product in the fluid, tissue, or organ in the absence of
  • the individual is a mammal. In some embodiments, the individual is a human.
  • Administering can be by any route known to those skilled in the art, including those disclosed herein. In some embodiments, administering is intravenous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intrathecal. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intravenous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is subcutaneous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intramuscular.
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, reduces the activity of the classical complement pathway in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual).
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, reduces, within about 48 hours, within about 24 hours, within about 12 hours, within about 8 hours, or within about 4 hours of administration of the anti-C1s antibody, the activity of the classical complement pathway in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual), by at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%,
  • the individual is a mammal. In some embodiments, the individual is a human.
  • Administration of the anti-C1s antibody can be by any route known to those skilled in the art, including those disclosed herein.
  • the route of administration is intrathecal. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intravenous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is subcutaneous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intramuscular.
  • the level of activity of the classical complement pathway can be determined using any of a variety of methods.
  • the activity of the classical complement pathway can be determined ex vivo, e.g., by determining the level of activity of the classical complement pathway in a blood, serum, or plasma sample obtained from the individual.
  • the classical complement pathway in the blood, serum, or plasma sample can be activated ex vivo, and the amount of a complement component cleavage product (such as C5b-9) generated by such activation can be determined.
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, reduces the activity of the classical complement pathway in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual).
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, reduces, within about 48 hours, within about 24 hours, within about 12 hours, within about 8 hours, or within about 4 hours of administration of the anti-C1s antibody, the level of activity of the classical complement pathway in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual), by at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 9
  • the individual is a mammal. In some embodiments, the individual is a human.
  • Administration of the anti-C1s antibody can be by any route known to those skilled in the art, including those disclosed herein.
  • the route of administration is intrathecal. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intravenous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is subcutaneous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intramuscular.
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, reduces the activity of the classical complement pathway in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual).
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, maintains a reduction in the level of activity of the classical complement pathway in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual) of at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or about 100%, compared to the level of the activity of the classical complement pathway in the fluid, tissue, or organ in the absence of treatment with
  • the individual is a mammal. In some embodiments, the individual is a human.
  • Administration of the anti-C1s antibody can be by any route known to those skilled in the art, including those disclosed herein.
  • the route of administration is intrathecal. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intravenous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is subcutaneous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intramuscular.
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, reduces the activity of the classical complement pathway in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual).
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, maintains a reduction in the level of activity of the classical complement pathway in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual) of at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or about 100%, compared to the level of activity of the classical complement pathway in the fluid, tissue, or organ in the absence of treatment with the
  • the individual is a mammal. In some embodiments, the individual is a human.
  • Administration of the anti-C1s antibody can be by any route known to those skilled in the art, including those disclosed herein.
  • the route of administration is intrathecal. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intravenous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is subcutaneous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intramuscular.
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, reduces the level of a complement component cleavage product in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual).
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, reduces, within about 48 hours, within about 24 hours, within about 12 hours, within about 8 hours, or within about 4 hours of administration of the anti-C1s antibody, e.g., the humanized anti-C1s antibody, the level of a complement component cleavage product in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual), by at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about
  • the individual is a mammal. In some embodiments, the individual is a human.
  • Administration of the anti-C1s antibody, e.g., the humanized anti-C1s antibody can be by any route known to those skilled in the art, including those disclosed herein.
  • the route of administration is intrathecal. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intravenous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is subcutaneous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intramuscular.
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, reduces the level of a complement component cleavage product in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual).
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, reduces, within about 48 hours, within about 24 hours, within about 12 hours, within about 8 hours, or within about 4 hours of administration of the anti-C1s antibody, the level of a complement component cleavage product in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual), by at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at
  • the individual is a mammal. In some embodiments, the individual is a human.
  • Administration of the anti-C1s antibody can be by any route known to those skilled in the art, including those disclosed herein.
  • the route of administration is intrathecal. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intravenous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is subcutaneous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intramuscular.
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, reduces the level of a complement component cleavage product in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual).
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, maintains a reduction in the level of a complement component cleavage product in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual) of at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or about 100%, compared to the level of the complement component cleavage product in the fluid, tissue, or organ in the
  • the individual is a mammal. In some embodiments, the individual is a human.
  • Administration of the anti-C1s antibody can be by any route known to those skilled in the art, including those disclosed herein.
  • the route of administration is intrathecal. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intravenous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is subcutaneous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intramuscular.
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, reduces the level of a complement component cleavage product in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual).
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, maintains a reduction in the level of a complement component cleavage product in the individual (e.g., in a fluid, tissue, or organ in the individual) of at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or about 100%, compared to the level of the complement component cleavage product in the fluid, tissue, or organ in the
  • the individual is a mammal. In some embodiments, the individual is a human.
  • Administration of the anti-C1s antibody can be by any route known to those skilled in the art, including those disclosed herein.
  • the route of administration is intrathecal. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intravenous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is subcutaneous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intramuscular.
  • an “effective amount” of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, or an “effective amount” of a subject pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure is an amount that, when administered in one or more doses to an individual in need thereof, reduces production of C4b2a (i.e., complement C4b and C2a complex; also known as “C3 convertase”) in the individual (or in a fluid, tissue, or organ of the individual) by at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or about 100%, compared to the amount of C4b2a (i.
  • the individual is a mammal. In some embodiments, the individual is a human.
  • Administering can be by any route known to those skilled in the art, including those disclosed herein. In some embodiments, administering is intravenous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intrathecal. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intravenous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is subcutaneous. In some embodiments, the route of administration is intramuscular.
  • the present disclosure provides a method to modulate complement activation.
  • the method inhibits complement activation, for example to reduce production of C4b2a.
  • the present disclosure provides a method to modulate complement activation in an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder, the method comprising administering to the individual an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure.
  • the individual is a mammal.
  • the individual is a human.
  • Administering can be by any route known to those skilled in the art, including those disclosed herein.
  • administering is intravenous.
  • administering is intrathecal.
  • administering is subcutaneous.
  • the route of administration is intramuscular.
  • a complement-mediated disease or disorder is a disorder characterized by an abnormal amount of complement C1s or an abnormal level of complement C1s proteolytic activity in a cell, a tissue, a fluid, or an organ of an individual.
  • a complement-mediated disease or disorder is characterized by the presence in a cell, a tissue, or a fluid of an elevated (higher than normal) amount of C1s or of an elevated level of complement C1s activity.
  • a complement-mediated disease or disorder is characterized by the presence in brain tissue and/or cerebrospinal fluid of an elevated amount and/or an elevated activity of C1s.
  • a “higher than normal” amount of C1s in a cell, a tissue, or a fluid indicates that the amount of C1s in the cell, tissue or fluid is higher than a normal, control level, e.g., higher than a normal, control level for an individual or population of individuals of the same age group.
  • a “higher than normal” level of C1s activity in a cell, a tissue, an organ, or a fluid indicates that the proteolytic cleavage effected by C1s in the cell, tissue, organ, or fluid is higher than a normal, control level, e.g., higher than a normal, control level for an individual or population of individuals of the same age group.
  • a normal, control level e.g., higher than a normal, control level for an individual or population of individuals of the same age group.
  • an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder exhibits one or more additional symptoms of such a disease or disorder.
  • a complement-mediated disease or disorder is characterized by the presence in a cell, a tissue, or a fluid of a lower than normal amount of C1s or of a lower level of complement C1s activity.
  • a complement-mediated disease or disorder is characterized by the presence in brain tissue and/or cerebrospinal fluid of a lower amount and/or a lower activity of C1s.
  • a “lower than normal” amount of C1s in a cell, a tissue, or a fluid indicates that the amount of C1s in the cell, tissue or fluid is lower than a normal, control level, e.g., lower than a normal, control level for an individual or population of individuals of the same age group.
  • a “lower than normal” level of C1s activity in a cell, a tissue, or a fluid indicates that the proteolytic cleavage effected by C1s in the cell, tissue or fluid is lower than a normal, control level, e.g., lower than a normal, control level for an individual or population of individuals of the same age group.
  • a normal, control level e.g., lower than a normal, control level for an individual or population of individuals of the same age group.
  • an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder exhibits one or more additional symptoms of such a disease or disorder.
  • a complement-mediated disease or disorder is a disease or disorder in which the amount or activity of complement C1s is such as to cause disease or disorder in an individual.
  • the complement-mediated disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of alloimmune disease, autoimmune disease, cancer, hematological disease, infectious disease, inflammatory disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative disease, neurodegenerative disorder, ocular disease, renal disease, transplant rejection, vascular disease, and vasculitis disease.
  • the complement-mediated disease or disorder is an autoimmune disease.
  • the complement-mediated disease or disorder is an alloimmune disease.
  • the complement-mediated disease or disorder is cancer.
  • the complement-mediated disease or disorder is an infectious disease. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disease or disorder is an inflammatory disease. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disease or disorder is a hematological disease. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disease or disorder is an ischemia-reperfusion injury. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disease or disorder is ocular disease. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disease or disorder is a renal disease. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disease or disorder is transplant rejection. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disease or disorder is antibody-mediated transplant rejection. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disease or disorder is a vascular disease. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disease or disorder is a vasculitis disorder. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disease or disorder is a neurodegenerative disease or disorder. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disease is a neurodegenerative disease. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disorder is a neurodegenerative disorder. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disorder is
  • Examples of a complement-mediated disease or disorder include, but are not limited to, age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, anaphylaxis, argyrophilic grain dementia, arthritis (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), asthma, atherosclerosis, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, autoimmune diseases (including, e.g., autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA); warm AIHA; mixed AIHA; etc.), Barraquer-Simons syndrome, Behçet's disease, British type amyloid angiopathy, bullous pemphigoid, Buerger's disease, C1q nephropathy, cancer, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cold agglutinin disease, corticobasal degeneration, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Crohn's disease, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, dementia pugilistica, dementia with Lewy
  • the complement-mediated disease or disorder comprises bullous pemphigoid. In one embodiment, the complement-mediated disease or disorder comprises cold agglutinin disease. In one embodiment, the complement-mediated disease or disorder comprises autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). In one embodiment, the complement-mediated disease or disorder comprises immunothrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). In one embodiment, the complement-mediated disease or disorder comprises multifocal motor neuropathy. In one embodiment, the complement-mediated disease or disorder comprises neuromyelitis optica.
  • AIHA autoimmune hemolytic anemia
  • ITP immunothrombocytopenic purpura
  • the complement-mediated disease or disorder comprises multifocal motor neuropathy. In one embodiment, the complement-mediated disease or disorder comprises neuromyelitis optica.
  • the complement-mediated disease or disorder comprises Alzheimer's disease. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disease or disorder comprises Parkinson's disease. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disease or disorder comprises transplant rejection. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disease or disorder is antibody-mediated transplant rejection.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure prevents or delays the onset of at least one symptom of a complement-mediated disease or disorder in an individual.
  • an anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure reduces or eliminates at least one symptom of a complement-mediated disease or disorder in an individual. Examples of symptoms include, but are not limited to, symptoms associated with autoimmune disease, cancer, hematological disease, infectious disease, inflammatory disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative disease, neurodegenerative disorder, renal disease, transplant rejection, ocular disease, vascular disease, or a vasculitis disorder.
  • the symptom can be a neurological symptom, for example, impaired cognitive function, memory impairment, loss of motor function, etc.
  • the symptom can also be the activity of C1s protein in a cell, tissue, or fluid of an individual.
  • the symptom can also be the extent of complement activation in a cell, tissue, or fluid of an individual.
  • administering an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure to an individual modulates complement activation in a cell, tissue, or fluid of an individual.
  • administration of a subject anti-C1s antibody to an individual inhibits complement activation in a cell, tissue, or fluid of an individual.
  • a subject anti-C1s antibody when administered in one or more doses as monotherapy or in combination therapy to an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder, inhibits complement activation in the individual by at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or 100%, compared to complement activation in the individual before treatment with the anti-C1s antibody.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure reduces C3 deposition onto red blood cells; for example, in some embodiments, an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., an anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure reduces deposition of C3b, iC3b, etc., onto RBCs). In some embodiments, an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., an anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure inhibits complement-mediated red blood cell lysis.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure reduces C3 deposition onto platelets; for example, in some embodiments, an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., an anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure reduces deposition of C3b, iC3b, etc., onto platelets).
  • administering an anti-C1s antibody results in an outcome selected from the group consisting of: (a) a reduction in complement activation; (b) an improvement in cognitive function; (c) a reduction in neuron loss; (d) a reduction in glial cell activation; (e) a reduction in lymphocyte infiltration; (f) a reduction in macrophage infiltration; (g) a reduction in antibody deposition, (h) a reduction in glial cell loss; (i) a reduction in oligodendrocyte loss; (j) a reduction in dendritic cell infiltration; (k) a reduction in neutrophil infiltration; (1) a reduction in red blood cell lysis; (m) a reduction in red blood cell phagocytosis; (n) a reduction in platelet phagocytosis; (o) a reduction in platelet lysis; (p) an improvement in transplant graft survival; (q) a reduction in complement activation; (b) an improvement in cognitive function; (c) a reduction in neuro
  • an anti-C1s antibody when administered in one or more doses as monotherapy or in combination therapy to an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder, is effect to achieve a reduction of at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, or more than 90%, of one or more of the following outcomes: (a) complement activation; (b) decline in cognitive function; (c) neuron loss; (d) glial cell activation; (e) lymphocyte infiltration; (f) macrophage infiltration; (g) antibody deposition, (h) glial cell loss; (i) oligodendrocyte loss; (j) dendritic cell infiltration; (k) neutrophil infiltration; (1) red blood cell lysis; (m) red blood
  • a subject anti-C1s antibody when administered in one or more doses as monotherapy or in combination therapy to an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder, is effect to achieve an improvement of at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, or more than 90%, of one or more of the following outcomes: a) cognitive function; b) transplant graft survival; c) vision; d) motor control; e) thrombus formation; f) clotting; g) kidney function; h) hematocrit (red blood cell count); and i) any combination thereof, compared to the level or degree of the outcome in the individual before treatment with the anti-C1s antibody.
  • administering an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure to an individual reduces complement activation in the individual.
  • a subject anti-C1s antibody when administered in one or more doses as monotherapy or in combination therapy to an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder, reduces complement activation in the individual by at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, or more than 90%, compared to complement activation in the individual before treatment with the anti-C1s antibody.
  • administering an anti-C1s antibody improves cognitive function in the individual.
  • a subject anti-C1s antibody when administered in one or more doses as monotherapy or in combination therapy to an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder, improves cognitive function in the individual by at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, or more than 90%, compared to the cognitive function in the individual before treatment with the anti-C1s antibody.
  • administering an anti-C1s antibody reduces the rate of decline in cognitive function in the individual.
  • a subject anti-C1s antibody when administered in one or more doses as monotherapy or in combination therapy to an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder, reduces the rate of decline of cognitive function in the individual by at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, or more than 90%, compared to the rate of decline in cognitive function in the individual before treatment with the anti-C1s antibody.
  • administering an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure to an individual reduces neuron loss in the individual.
  • a subject anti-C1s antibody when administered in one or more doses as monotherapy or in combination therapy to an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder, reduces neuron loss in the individual by at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, or more than 90%, compared to neuron loss in the individual before treatment with the anti-C1s antibody.
  • administering an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure to an individual reduces glial cell activation in the individual.
  • a subject anti-C1s antibody when administered in one or more doses as monotherapy or in combination therapy to an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder, reduces glial activation in the individual by at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, or more than 90%, compared to glial cell activation in the individual before treatment with the anti-C1s antibody.
  • the glial cells are astrocytes or microglia.
  • administering an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure to an individual reduces lymphocyte infiltration in the individual.
  • a subject anti-C1s antibody when administered in one or more doses as monotherapy or in combination therapy to an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder, reduces lymphocyte infiltration in the individual by at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, or more than 90%, compared to lymphocyte infiltration in the individual before treatment with the anti-C1s antibody.
  • administering an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure reduces macrophage infiltration in the individual.
  • an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure when administered in one or more doses as monotherapy or in combination therapy to an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder, reduces macrophage infiltration in the individual by at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, or more than 90%, compared to macrophage infiltration in the individual before treatment with the anti-C1s antibody.
  • administering an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure to an individual reduces antibody deposition in the individual.
  • an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure when administered in one or more doses as monotherapy or in combination therapy to an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder, reduces antibody deposition in the individual by at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, or more than 90%, compared to antibody deposition in the individual before treatment with the anti-C1s antibody.
  • administering an anti-C1s antibody of the present disclosure to an individual reduces anaphylatoxin (e.g., C3a, C4a, C5a) production in an individual.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure, when administered in one or more doses as monotherapy or in combination therapy to an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder, reduces anaphylatoxin production in the individual by at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, or more than 90%, compared to the level of anaphylatoxin production in the individual before treatment with the anti-C1s antibody.
  • the present disclosure provides for use of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient to treat an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • the present disclosure provides for use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient to treat an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • the present disclosure provides for use of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • the present disclosure provides for use of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient to inhibit complement activation.
  • the present disclosure provides for use of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient to inhibit complement activation in an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder.
  • the present disclosure provides for use of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure to inhibit complement activation in an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • the present disclosure provides for use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient to inhibit complement activation in an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder.
  • the present disclosure provides for use of an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure in the manufacture of a medicament for modulating complement activation.
  • the medicament inhibits complement activation.
  • the medicament inhibits complement activation in an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder.
  • the present disclosure provides for an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient for use in medical therapy.
  • the present disclosure provides for an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure for use in medical therapy.
  • the present disclosure provides for a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient for use in medical therapy.
  • the present disclosure provides for an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient for treating an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure for treating an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder.
  • the present disclosure provides for a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient for treating an individual having a complement-mediated disease or disorder.
  • an anti-C1s antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody
  • the present disclosure provides for an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient for modulating complement activation.
  • the present disclosure provides for an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure for modulating complement activation.
  • the present disclosure provides for a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-C1s antibody, e.g., a humanized anti-C1s antibody, of the present disclosure and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient for modulating complement activation.
  • the anti-C1s antibody inhibits complement activation.
  • a humanized antibody that specifically binds complement component C1s wherein the antibody comprises:
  • Aspect 2 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, comprising: a) a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:10; and b) a VL region comprising SEQ ID NO:20.
  • Aspect 3 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, comprising: a) a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:10; and b) a VL region comprising SEQ ID NO:22.
  • Aspect 4 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, comprising: a) a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:10; and b) a VL region comprising SEQ ID NO:24.
  • Aspect 5 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, comprising: a) a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:12; and b) a VL region comprising SEQ ID NO:20.
  • Aspect 6 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, comprising: a) a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:12; and b) a VL region comprising SEQ ID NO:22.
  • Aspect 7 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, comprising: a) a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:12; and b) a VL region comprising SEQ ID NO:24.
  • Aspect 8 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, comprising: a) a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:14; and b) a VL region comprising SEQ ID NO:20.
  • Aspect 9 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, comprising: a) a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:14; and b) a VL region comprising SEQ ID NO:22.
  • Aspect 10 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, comprising: a) a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:14; and b) a VL region comprising SEQ ID NO:24.
  • Aspect 11 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, comprising: a) a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:16; and b) a VL region comprising SEQ ID NO:20.
  • Aspect 12 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, comprising: a) a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:16; and b) a VL region comprising SEQ ID NO:22.
  • Aspect 13 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, comprising: a) a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:16; and b) a VL region comprising SEQ ID NO:24.
  • Aspect 14 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, comprising: a) a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:18; and b) a VL region comprising SEQ ID NO:20.
  • Aspect 15 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, comprising: a) a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:18; and b) a VL region comprising SEQ ID NO:22.
  • Aspect 16 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, comprising: a) a VH region comprising SEQ ID NO:18; and b) a VL region comprising SEQ ID NO:24.
  • Aspect 17 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, wherein the light chain constant region is a human kappa light chain constant region.
  • Aspect 18 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, wherein the heavy chain constant region comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:28.
  • Aspect 19 The humanized antibody of aspect 1, wherein: a) the heavy chain comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:29; and b) the light chain comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:30.
  • a composition comprising: a) the humanized antibody of any one of aspects 1-19; and b) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • Aspect 21 A container comprising the composition of aspect 20.
  • Aspect 22 The container of aspect 21, wherein the container is sterile.
  • Aspect 23 The container of aspect 21 or aspect 22, wherein the container is a vial, a bottle, or a syringe.
  • Aspect 24 A method of reducing the level of a complement component cleavage product in an individual, the method comprising administering to the individual the antibody of any one of aspects 1-19, or the composition of aspect 20, in an amount effective to inhibit C1s and to reduce the level of the cleavage product.
  • Aspect 25 The method of aspect 24, wherein the complement component cleavage product is a C4 cleavage product.
  • Aspect 26 The method of aspect 25, wherein the complement component cleavage product is a C2 cleavage product.
  • Aspect 27 The method of aspect 25, wherein the complement component cleavage product is a C3 cleavage product.
  • Aspect 28 The method of any one of aspects 24-27, wherein the individual is a human.
  • Aspect 29 The method of any one of aspects 24-28, wherein the administering is intravenous.
  • Aspect 30 The method of any one of aspects 24-28, wherein the administering is intramuscular.
  • Aspect 31 The method of any one of aspects 24-28, wherein the administering is intrathecal.
  • Aspect 32 The method of any one of aspects 24-28, wherein the administering is subcutaneous.
  • Aspect 33 The method of any one of aspects 24-28, wherein said reducing is effective to treat a complement-mediated disorder.
  • Aspect 34 The method of aspect 33, wherein the complement-mediated disorder is an alloimmune disorder.
  • Aspect 35 The method of aspect 33, wherein the complement-mediated disorder is an autoimmune disorder.
  • Aspect 36 A method of inhibiting C1s-mediated cleavage of a complement component in an individual, the method comprising administering to the individual the antibody of any one of aspects 1-19, or the composition of aspect 20, in an amount effective to inhibit C1s-mediated cleavage of a complement component.
  • a method of treating a complement-mediated disease or disorder in an individual comprising administering to the individual the antibody of any one of aspects 1-19, or the composition of aspect 20, in an amount effective to treat the complement-mediated disease or disorder.
  • Aspect 38 An antibody, comprising a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises a VH region and a heavy chain constant region, and the light chain comprises a VL region;
  • VL region comprises a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3, and
  • Aspect 39 The antibody of aspect 38, wherein amino acid residue 108 of the heavy chain constant region corresponding to SEQ ID NO: 28 is Pro.
  • Aspect 40 The antibody of aspect 38 or 39, wherein amino acid residue 115 of the heavy chain constant region corresponding to SEQ ID NO: 28 is Glu.
  • Aspect 41 An antibody, comprising a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises a VH region and a heavy chain constant region, and the light chain comprises a VL region;
  • VL region comprises a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3, and wherein the VH region comprises a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3;
  • Aspect 42 The antibody of any one of aspects 38 to 41, wherein the VL region comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 20, 22, and 24.
  • Aspect 43 The antibody of any one of aspects 38 to 42, wherein the VH region comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18.
  • Aspect 44 The antibody of any one of aspects 38 to 43, wherein:
  • the VH region comprises SEQ ID NO:10, and the VL region comprises SEQ ID NO:20;
  • the VH region comprises SEQ ID NO:10, and the VL region comprises SEQ ID NO:22;
  • the VH region comprises SEQ ID NO:10, and the VL region comprises SEQ ID NO:24;
  • the VH region comprises SEQ ID NO:12, and the VL region comprises SEQ ID NO:20;
  • the VH region comprises SEQ ID NO:12, and the VL region comprises SEQ ID NO:22;
  • the VH region comprises SEQ ID NO:12, and the VL region comprises SEQ ID NO:24;
  • the VH region comprises SEQ ID NO:14, and the VL region comprises SEQ ID NO:20;
  • the VH region comprises SEQ ID NO:14, and the VL region comprises SEQ ID NO:22;
  • the VH region comprises SEQ ID NO:22;
  • the VH region comprises SEQ ID NO:22;
  • the VH region comprises SEQ ID NO:
  • Aspect 45 The antibody of any one of aspects 38 to 44, wherein the VH region comprises SEQ ID NO:14, and the VL region comprises SEQ ID NO:22.
  • Aspect 46 The antibody of any one of aspects 38 to 45, wherein the light chain further comprises a light chain constant region.
  • Aspect 47 The antibody of aspect 46, wherein the light chain constant region comprises SEQ ID NO: 45.
  • Aspect 48 The antibody of any one of aspects 38 to 47, where the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 29.
  • Aspect 49 The antibody of any one of aspects 38 to 48, wherein the light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 30.
  • Aspect 50 The antibody of any one of aspects 1 to 19 and 38 to 49, which is a bispecific antibody or a multispecific antibody.
  • Aspect 52 A nucleotide of a set of nucleotides encoding the antibody of any one of aspects 1 to 19 and 38 to 50.
  • a vector or a set of vectors comprising the nucleotide of the set of nucleotides of aspect 52.
  • Aspect 54 A host cell comprising the nucleotide of the set of nucleotides of aspect 52 or the vector or the set of vectors of aspect 53.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody of any one of aspects 1 to 19 and 38 to 50, the immunoconjugate of aspect 51, the nucleotide or the set of nucleotides of aspect 52, the vector or the set of vectors of aspect 53, or the host cell of aspect 54, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • a method of inhibiting a complement pathway in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of the antibody of any one of aspects 1 to 19 and 38 to 50, the immunoconjugate of aspect 51, the nucleotide or the set of nucleotides of aspect 52, the vector or the set of vectors of aspect 53, the host cell of aspect 54, or the pharmaceutical composition of aspect 55.
  • a method of inhibiting C1s-mediated cleavage of complement component C4 in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of the antibody of any one of aspects 1 to 19 and 38 to 50, the immunoconjugate of aspect 51, the nucleotide or the set of nucleotides of aspect 52, the vector or the set of vectors of aspect 53, the host cell of aspect 54, or the pharmaceutical composition of aspect 55.
  • a method of treating a complement-mediated disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of the antibody of any one of aspects 1 to 19 and 38 to 50, the immunoconjugate of aspect 51, the nucleotide or the set of nucleotides of aspect 52, the vector or the set of vectors of aspect 53, the host cell of aspect 54, or the pharmaceutical composition of aspect 55.
  • Aspect 59 The method of aspect 58, wherein the complement-mediated disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, anaphylaxis, argyrophilic grain dementia, arthritis (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), asthma, atherosclerosis, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, autoimmune diseases (including, e.g., autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA); warm AIHA; mixed AIHA; etc.), Barraquer-Simons syndrome, Behçet's disease, British type amyloid angiopathy, bullous pemphigoid, Buerger's disease, C1q nephropathy, cancer, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cold agglutinin disease, corticobasal degeneration, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Crohn's disease, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, dementia pu
  • Aspect 60 The method of aspect 58 or 59, wherein the complement-mediated disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of bullous pemphigoid, cold agglutinin disease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), immunothrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), multifocal motor neuropathy, neuromyelitis optica, and any combination thereof.
  • Aspect 61 The method of any one of aspects 56 to 60, wherein the antibody is administered parenterally, intravenously, subcutaneously, intradermally, transdermally, intramuscularly, orally, intraocularly, intrathecally, intraperitoneally, intranasally, buccally, sublingually, rectally, vaginally, or via pulmonary route.
  • Standard abbreviations can be used, e.g., bp, base pair(s); kb, kilobase(s); pl, picoliter(s); s or sec, second(s); min, minute(s); h or hr, hour(s); aa, amino acid(s); kb, kilobase(s); bp, base pair(s); nt, nucleotide(s); i.m., intramuscular(ly); i.p., intraperitoneal(ly); s.c., subcutaneous(ly); and the like.
  • Humanized variants of anti-aC1s were generated. Amino acid sequences of the heavy chain VH domains of humanized variants 1-5; nucleotide sequences encoding the heavy chain VH domain of the humanized variants are also provided. Amino acid sequences of the light chain VL domain of humanized variants 1, 2, and 5, and nucleotide sequences encoding the light chain VL domain of the humanized variants, are shown in FIGS. 6-8 . Amino acid differences relative to the amino acid sequence of murine anti-aC1s (VL SEQ ID NO: 7; VH SEQ ID NO: 8) are summarized in FIGS. 9 and 10 .
  • Binding characteristics of humanized anti-aC1s variants are provided in Tables 4 and 5 ( FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 , respectively).
  • the relative binding affinities for various humanized anti-aC1s variants to activated C1s are provided in Table 4 (first data column), which is presented in FIG. 11 .
  • PK pharmacokinetic
  • PD pharmacodynamic
  • single-dose studies of humanized anti-aC1s were performed in cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ). Additionally, to compare the bioavailability of humanized anti-aC1s by various routes of administration, the humanized anti-aC1s variant was administered either by intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) injection. Following humanized anti-aC1s dosing, plasma and serum samples were taken at designated time points to determine circulating concentrations of humanized anti-aC1s; and to assess inhibition of the classical complement pathway (CP) by humanized anti-aC1s. Plasma and serum levels of humanized anti-aC1s over time provide PK data; inhibition of the CP over time provides PD data.
  • IV intravenous
  • SC subcutaneous
  • VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 Plasma samples taken at the time points depicted in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 were diluted and run in an ELISA to quantify VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 plasma concentrations. Briefly, diluted plasma samples were added to a 96-well plate pre-coated with activated C1s. Following plasma sample incubation and subsequent washing, a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated detection antibody specific for human IgG was added to detect C1s-bound VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 .
  • TMB 3,3′, 5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine
  • the pharmacodynamic effects of VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 were assessed using the WIESLAB® classical complement pathway kit.
  • the WIESLAB® kit is commercially available, and involves use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that is designed to evaluate the strength of classical complement pathway activity in serum samples by activating the classical pathway of the sample ex vivo and measuring the ex vivo generation of the final split product of the pathway, C5b-9. Samples were assayed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, serum samples from the monkeys, collected at the time points indicated in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 , were diluted and added to the wells of the provided 96-well plate.
  • ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • FIG. 13 depicts PD and PK data from 3 animals dosed with VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 , administered intravenously at 10 mg/kg.
  • the serum concentration of VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 was between 70 ⁇ g/mL and 300 ⁇ g/mL over a period of time of up to 650 hours (27 days). During this same time period, CP activity was inhibited 80% to 99%.
  • FIG. 14 depicts PD and PK data from 3 animals dosed with VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 , administered subcutaneously at 20 mg/kg.
  • the serum concentration of VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 was between about 50 ⁇ g/mL and about 450 ⁇ g/mL over a period of time of up to 85 days.
  • CP activity as measured using the WEISLAB® kit was inhibited 60% to 99%.
  • a single 20 mg/kg subcutaneous dose of VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 inhibited the complement pathway by greater than 90% for 28 days ( FIG. 19 ).
  • VH3/VK2 The humanized anti-aC1s variant, VH3/VK2, comprised a human IgG4, with S241P and L248E substitutions.
  • the Fc region of VH3/VK2 was modified to include M428L and N434S substitutions.
  • the resulting antibody, referred to as VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 was found to specifically bind active C1s with a dissociation constant of 1.53 ⁇ 10 9 .
  • VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 inhibited the complement pathway in vitro to a similar extent as a general anti-C1s antibody, previously described as VH4/VK2 in U.S. Pat. No. 8,945,562.
  • VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 circles
  • VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 displayed a similar ED 50 as anti-C1s (squares), though the inhibition of classical complement pathway activity by VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 was more gradual than the inhibition of complement activity by anti-C1s ( FIG. 17A ).
  • VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 displayed similar levels of hemolysis as the general anti-C1s antibody ( FIG. 17B ).
  • VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 should have a longer half-life and therefore a prolonged pharmacodynamic effect compared to VH3/VK2.
  • Cynomolgus monkeys were administered a single intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg of VH3/VK2 or VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 , and blood was drawn periodically. Through 650 hours post-administration, animals administered VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 had consistently higher levels of the antibody in their blood than animals administered VH3/VK2 ( FIG. 18A ).
  • VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 had a prolonged pharmacodynamic effect than VH3/VK2.
  • a single dose of 10 mg/kg of VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 inhibited complement pathway activity by more than 70% through 650 hours, whereas the same dose of VH3/VK2 showed a gradual decrease in inhibition, beginning almost immediately, and nearly reaching the level of the vehicle control by 650 hours post administration ( FIG. 18B ).
  • These effects were also observed in cynomolgus monkeys administered a single subcutaneous dose of 20 mg/kg VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 (see FIG. 14 ).
  • the objective of this investigational study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of VH3/VK2-Fc-sub 4 , following a single intravenous (IV) bolus injection, single IV bolus injection followed by once weekly subcutaneous (SC) injections, or repeat SC injections in female cynomolgus monkeys.
  • Animals will be assigned to groups and treated as indicated in Table 2. Animals will either be dosed via intravenous (IV) bolus injection in a peripheral vein using primed butterfly infusion lines or by subcutaneous (SC) bolus injection in the interscapular region of the back. If irritation is noted at the injection site, the lower thoracic region can be used for subsequent SC injections to avoid further irritation.
  • IV intravenous
  • SC subcutaneous
  • the frequency of dosage is consistent with the anticipated pharmacokinetics of the test article.
  • the regimen for treatment selected for this study is anticipated to identify achievable concentrations in peripheral blood and associated pharmacological activity.
  • Clinical observations will be performed once daily, beginning on the second day of acclimation for each animal in the AM, prior to room cleaning. A mortality check will be conducted twice daily to assess general animal health and wellness.
  • Blood will be collected from a peripheral vein of restrained, conscious animals. For the first 24 hours post dose, blood will not be collected from the vein (or limb) that was used for IV dose administration. Blood will be collected via a single draw and then divided appropriately.
  • venous blood samples will be collected from conscious moribund animals prior to anesthesia, if possible.
  • Blood samples will be collected at the following timepoints and stored on wet ice prior to processing:
  • Groups 1 and 3 Days 1 (15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hrs, and 4 hrs posdose), 2 (24 hrs postdose), 5, 8 (predose, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hrs, and 4 hrs postdose), 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 (predose), 18, 22 (predose), 25, 29 (predose), 32, 36 (predose), 39, 43 (predose), 46, 50, 53, and 57;
  • Group 2 Days 1 (15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hrs, and 4 hrs postdose), 2 (24 hrs postdose), 3 (48 hrs postdose), 5 (96 hrs postdose), 8 (168 hrs postdose), 15, 22, 25, 29, 32, 36, 39, 43, 46, 50, 53, and 57; and Group 4: Days 1 (30 min, 1 hr, 2 hrs, and 4 hrs postdose), 2 (24 hrs postdose), 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 15, 18, 22, 25, 29 (predose, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hrs, and 4

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