US20180214387A1 - Aqueous solution comprising a polyphenol - Google Patents

Aqueous solution comprising a polyphenol Download PDF

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US20180214387A1
US20180214387A1 US15/746,110 US201615746110A US2018214387A1 US 20180214387 A1 US20180214387 A1 US 20180214387A1 US 201615746110 A US201615746110 A US 201615746110A US 2018214387 A1 US2018214387 A1 US 2018214387A1
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compound
och3
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resveratrol
hydrogen
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Guido Grentzmann
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Opterion Health AG
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Opterion Health AG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/05—Phenols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/08—Solutions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
    • A61M1/287—Dialysates therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an aqueous solution comprising a stilbenoid and to a method for increasing the solubility of stilbenoids in aqueous environment.
  • Stilbenoids have been suggested as treatment and prevention against several diseases, including diabetes, cancer, inflammation and degenerative diseases. However, many stilbenoids remain difficult to be employed clinically, as well as food additives, because of low aqueous solubility. Various approaches like nanosizing, self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS), microencapsulation, complexation, and solid dispersion can be used to increase the bioavailability of stilbenoids. Other possibilities lie in synthesis of stilbenoid derivatives with higher aqueous solubility. Solubility can be measured, at a given temperature, in different ways, as absolute solubility or as solubility within a limited time of stirring (e.g. one hour at room temperature). The latter is an important measure in terms of industrial application of a given solute.
  • a further aspect of stilbenoids is that many of them are rather instable. Increased solubility may also result in increased stability of stilbenoids.
  • Stabilization of stilbenoids in solution can be obtained by adapting pH. Stabilization of resveratrol has previously been described at pH 1 (Trela et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 1996, 44, 1253-1257). However, such acidic pH are not desired for many applications.
  • the task of the present invention was to provide with a technical solution to overcome one or more of the above-mentioned problems.
  • the present invention provides with an aqueous solution and a method as defined in the claims and in the following description.
  • the invention provides with an aqueous solution, comprising, in dissolved state,
  • the molecular weight of the saccharide may be up to 1000 kD, preferably up to 500 kD, more preferably up to 50 kD.
  • 1 D (Dalton) corresponds to 1 g/mol.
  • the molecular weight is in a range of 90 D to 1000 kD, preferably 90 D to 500 kD, more preferably 90 D-50 kD. Said molecular weight is range of a molecular weight of molecules present in the saccharide.
  • the saccharide can be a mixture of saccharide-molecules of different chain lengths (different numbers of monosaccharide units).
  • An aqueous solution is intended to mean a solution that is based on water as the sole or the main solvent.
  • Water as the main solvent means that the proportion of water in the total mass of solvents is ⁇ 60% by volume, preferably ⁇ 70% by volume, or ⁇ 80% by volume, most preferably ⁇ 90% by volume.
  • Co-solvents that are miscible with water may be present.
  • the stilbenoid may be resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene, a resveratrol derivative, dihydro-resveratrol, piceatannol, pterostilbene, or piceid (resveratrol-3-O- ⁇ -mono-D-glucoside, also named as trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene-3-O- ⁇ -D-glucopyranoside).
  • a stilbenoid may be chosen from a structure of the formula 100,
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , and R 15 may be —H, —OH, —O—R Alk , —CHO, —CR Alk O, —COOH, —COO—R Alk , —CO—NH—C n H 2n —COOH, —CO—NH—C n H 2n —COO—,
  • R Alk , R Alk1 and Ralk2 may be CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , C 3 H 7 or C 4 H 9 , and/or where C n H 2n may be CH 2 , O 2 H 4 , O 3 H 6 , O 4 H 8 , and/or where R11, R12, R3, R4 or R13, R14 or R15 may be a mono or oligo saccharide. and/or where X ⁇ maybe a free soluble cation, with the proviso that at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , and R 15 , preferably at least two thereof, is a hydroxyl group.
  • Resveratrol derivatives are for example described in John M Pezzuto et al., Resveratrol derivatives: a patent review (2009-2012), Expert Opin. Ther. Patents (2013) 23(12).
  • the resveratrol derivative may be selected from following compounds:
  • the saccharide is a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, a polysaccharide, or a mixture of different mono-, di-, oligo- and/or poly-saccharides.
  • a polysaccharide preferably comprises, or is composed of, up to 2500 monosaccharide units, preferably up to 500 monosaccharide units in maximum.
  • a mono-saccharide may be selected from a triose such, as glyceraldehyde and glucerone, a tetrose, such as erythroses, threose and erythrulose, a pentose, such as ribose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, ribulose and xylulose, or a hexose, such as allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose, talose, psicose, fructose, sorbose and tagatose, and may also be defined as a saccharide of a molecular weight of roughly 90 to 200 D.
  • a triose such, as glyceraldehyde and glucerone
  • a tetrose such as erythroses, threose and erythrulose
  • saccharide may comprise derivatives of mono-saccharide, such as aminoglycosides, such as glucosamine, galactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, which may not or may be sulfated to different degrees.
  • aminoglycosides such as glucosamine, galactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, which may not or may be sulfated to different degrees.
  • a mono-saccharide may be further selected from uronic sugars, such as glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
  • a di-saccharide may be selected from the reducing ⁇ -Glucanes trehalose, Kojibiose, Nigerose, maltose and Isomaltose or other di-saccharides such as sucrose, lactulose, lactose, cellobiose, chitbiose, ⁇ , ⁇ -Trehalose, ⁇ , ⁇ -Trehalose, Sophorose, Laminaribiose, Gentiobiose, Turanose, Maltulose, Palatinose, Gentiobiulose, Mannobiose, Melibiose, Melibiulose, Rutinose, Rutinulose, Xylobiose, and may also be defined as a saccharide of a molecular weight of 150 to 400 D.
  • di-saccharide may further comprise glycosaminoglycan-di-saccharides”, composed of an aminoglucoside and a monosaccharide, which may be acetylated or sulfated to different degrees.
  • An oligo-saccharide may be a trisaccharide or saccharides of higher degree of polymerization, selected from an oligomer of above cited saccharides, a product of limited hydrolysis of a linear or branched homo-polysaccharide, such as a amylose, amylopectin, fructan such as inulin, glucan, galactan and mannan, cellulose, arabic gum, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, dextran, and hemicellulose, a product of limited hydrolysis of a hetero-polysaccharide, such as hemi-cellulose, arabinoxylose, or pectine, or a product of limited hydrolysis of a mixed polysaccharide, such as starch.
  • a product of limited hydrolysis of a linear or branched homo-polysaccharide such as a amylose, amylopectin, fructan such as inulin, glucan, galactan and mannan
  • the saccharide is a glucan.
  • the glucan may be a linear or a branched glucan.
  • the glucan may be selected from sucrose, maltose, maltotriose, isomaltotriose, maltoteraose, trehalose, kojibiose, nigerose, isomaltose, ⁇ , ⁇ -Trehalose, ⁇ , ⁇ -Trehalose, gentiobiose, melibiose, maltodextrin, icodextrin, an oligomer that can be obtained by limited hydrolysis of a linear or branched glucan, such as starch, amylose, amylopectin, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, dextran, or an oligomer that can be obtained by limited hydrolysis of Pullulan.
  • a linear or branched glucan such as starch, amylose, amylopectin, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, dextran, or an oligomer that can be obtained by limited hydrolysis of Pullulan.
  • the saccharide is a reducing alpha-glucan.
  • the reducing alpha-glucan may be selected from maltose, maltotriose, isomaltotriose, maltotetraose, maltodextrin, icodextrin, an oligomer that can be obtained by limited hydrolysis of a linear or branched glucan, such as starch, amylose, amylopectin, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, dextran, or an oligomer that can be obtained by limited hydrolysis of Pullulan.
  • a linear or branched glucan such as starch, amylose, amylopectin, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, dextran, or an oligomer that can be obtained by limited hydrolysis of Pullulan.
  • glucans are exemplified by, but not limited to, isomaltotriose, nigerotriose, maltotriose, melezitose; maltotriulose, raffinose, kestose, maltodextrins, preferably of different molecular weight, or other hydrolysis products from alpha glucans, such as dextran, glycogen, pullulan, floridean starch, and starches, such as amylose and amylopectine, and mixtures thereof, preferably with molecular weights between 300 D and 300 KD.
  • alpha glucans such as dextran, glycogen, pullulan, floridean starch, and starches, such as amylose and amylopectine, and mixtures thereof, preferably with molecular weights between 300 D and 300 KD.
  • Maltodextrin may be defined as a mixture of saccharides with a DE (dextrose equivalent) between 3 and 20, preferably presenting more than 95% al-4 bonds and less than 5% ⁇ 1-6 bonds.
  • maltodextrin may be Maltodextrin with a DE (dextrose equivalent) of 16-19.
  • maltodextrin may be Maltodextrin with a DE of 4 to 6.
  • Dextrans may be defined as a mixture of glucose-oligomers composed of straight chains by ⁇ -1,6 linkages, which may be branched at ⁇ -1,3 linkages.
  • dextran may be dextran of 2.5 to 4 kD weight average molecular weight.
  • a further example for dextran may be Dextran of 4 to 16 kD, preferably 8 to 12 kD, more preferably about 10 kD weight average molecular weight;
  • a further example for Dextran may be Dextran with an weight average molecular weight of 40 to 100 kD, preferably 50-90 kD, more preferably 60 to 80 kD.
  • hydrolysate of a reducing alpha glucan hydrolysate may be Glycogen with a weight average molecular weight of 80 to 120 kD.
  • hydrolysate of a reducing alpha Glucan may be pullulan with a weight average molecular weight of 100 to 200 kD.
  • Average molecular weight is preferably measured in connection with the present invention by the method of “gel permeation chromatography with light scattering and refractive index detection (GPC-RI-MALLS system)”.
  • Dextrose equivalent is a measure of the amount of reducing sugars present in a sugar product, relative to dextrose (a.k.a. glucose), expressed as a percentage on a dry basis. For example, a maltodextrin with a DE of 10 would have 10% of the reducing power of dextrose (which has a DE of 100) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextrose_equivalent).
  • Polysaccharide hydrolysates such as hydrolysates of glucans, preferably reducing alpha glucans, such as starch, amylose, amylopectin, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, dextran, or Pullulan can be obtained by limited hydrolysis of such poly-saccharides.
  • An oligo-saccharide may be selected from an oligomer of above cited saccharides, a product of limited hydrolysis of a linear or branched homo-polysaccharide, such as a amylose, amylopectin, fructan such as inulin, glucan, galactan and mannan, cellulose, arabic gum, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, dextran, and hemicellulose, a product of limited hydrolysis of a hetero-polysaccharide, such as hemi-cellulose, arabinoxylose, or pectin, or a product of limited hydrolysis of a mixed polysaccharide, such as starch.
  • a product of limited hydrolysis of a linear or branched homo-polysaccharide such as a amylose, amylopectin, fructan such as inulin, glucan, galactan and mannan
  • cellulose arabic gum
  • saccharide also comprises derivatives of a saccharide.
  • the saccharide may be a derivative of a saccharide, such as an oxidized saccharide, such as a saccharic acid, or another acidic saccharide, such as a sulfuric ester groups containing saccharide, a deoxy-saccharide, an acetylated saccharide or an amylated saccharide, and corresponding homo- and hetero-oligo-saccharides.
  • saccharides are anoxidized saccharide, such as a saccharic acid, or another acidic saccharide, such as a sulfuric ester groups containing saccharide, a deoxy-saccharide, an acetylated saccharide or an amylated saccharide, and corresponding homo- and hetero-oligo-saccharides.
  • anoxidized saccharide such as a saccharic acid
  • another acidic saccharide such as a sulfuric ester groups containing saccharide, a deoxy-saccharide, an acetylated saccharide or an amylated saccharide, and corresponding homo- and hetero-oligo-saccharides.
  • the saccharide is selected from glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, a homo-oligomer/polymer thereof, a hetero-oligomer/polymer thereof, or a mixture thereof.
  • the saccharide is selected from glucose, icodextrin, or a mixture thereof.
  • concentrations of the at least one saccharide may be employed. If more than one saccharide, i.e. more than one type of saccharide, is present, the concentration refers to the total concentration of all saccharides present in the solution.
  • concentrations are given in percent by weight, 1% by weight corresponds to 10 g/L.
  • the at least one saccharide may be present in a total concentration of ⁇ 0.02% by weight (200 mg/L). It has been shown that a concentration as low as this concentration enhances stilbenoid stability.
  • the at least one saccharide may be present in a total concentration of ⁇ 0.75% by weight (7.5 g/L). It has been shown that such concentration enhances stilbenoid stability and/or solubility of stilbenoid.
  • the at least one saccharide may be present in a total concentration of ⁇ 2.4% by weight. It has been shown that such concentration further enhances stilbenoid stability and/or solubility of stilbenoid.
  • the at least one saccharide may be present in a total concentration of ⁇ 5% by weight. It has been shown that such concentration further enhances stilbenoid stability and/or solubility of stilbenoid.
  • the at least one saccharide may be present in a total concentration of ⁇ 7.5% by weight (75 g/L). It has been shown that such concentration enhances stilbenoid stability and solubility of stilbenoid.
  • the at least one saccharide may be present in a total concentration of ⁇ 20% by weight (200 g/L). It has been shown that such concentration further enhances stilbenoid stability and solubility of stilbenoid.
  • the upper limit of concentration of the at least one saccharide is preferably the concentration of saturation.
  • Another possible upper limits, that could be combined with any of the lower limits in this description, are 45%, 40%, 30% by weight.
  • oligo- or poly-saccharides varies widely:
  • oligo-saccharides are commonly applied at sizes between 1 and 20 KD, which however does not limit the invention.
  • Icodextrin which is a type of maltodextrin or can be derived from maltodextrin, is a polydisperse mixture of polymers with varying chain lengths (2-300 linked glucose molecules corresponding to molecular weights of 350 to 50 kD), its molecular weight is characterized by both a number average (Mn) and a weight average (Mw) molecular weight.
  • Mn number average
  • Mw weight average molecular weight
  • oligo-saccharides and polysaccharides cover saccharides composed of between 3 and 5000 monosaccharide-units, preferably 3 and 500 monosaccharide-units, more preferably 3 to 300 monosaccharide-units.
  • oligo-saccharides and polysaccharides have to a molecular weight between 250 D and 1000 kD, preferably 250 D and 50 KD.
  • an oligosaccharide means saccharides composed of between 3 to 20 monosaccharide-units.
  • a polysaccharide means saccharides composed of between 21 to 5000 monosaccharide-units.
  • the term “between” is intended to include the lower and upper limit of the respective range, if not otherwise indicated. So, is a range is disclosed as “between X and Y”, X and Y are included.
  • Molecular weight of polysaccharides is very heterogeneous.
  • Mw (Berry method) of starch from waxy corn is 2.27 ⁇ 10(8) Da, waxy rice 8.9 ⁇ 10(7) Da, cassava 5.7 ⁇ 10(7) Da, Hylon V 2.7 ⁇ 10(7) Da, Hylon VII 4.8 ⁇ 10(6) Da, and potato amylose 1.9 ⁇ 10(5) Da (Yokoyama et al., Cereal chemistry, volume: 75, 530.
  • the at least one saccharide of a molecular weight of 90 D to 500 D is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 0.02% (200 mg/L) minimum, thereby enhancing stilbenoids solubility and/or stability.
  • the at least one saccharide of a molecular weight of 90 D to 500 D is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 0.75% (7.5 g/L) minimum, thereby enhancing stilbenoids solubility and/or stability.
  • the at least one saccharide of a molecular weight of 90 D to 500 D is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 7.5% (75 g/L) minimum, thereby enhancing stilbenoids solubility and stability.
  • the at least one saccharide has a molecular weight of 350 D to 50 kD.
  • the at least one saccharide of a molecular weight of 350 kD to 1000 kD, preferably 350 D to 50 kD is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 0.02% by weight (200 mg/L), thereby minimum enhancing stilbenoid solubility and/or stability.
  • At least one saccharide of a molecular weight of 350 D to 1000 kD, preferably 350 D to 50 kD is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 0.2% by weight (2 g/L), thereby enhancing stilbenoid solubility and/or stability.
  • At least one saccharide of a molecular weight of 350 D to 1000 kD, preferably 350 D to 50 kD is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 2% by weight (20 g/L), thereby enhancing stilbenoid solubility and/or stability.
  • At least one saccharide of a molecular weight of 350 D to 1000 kD, preferably 350 D to 50 kD is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 5% by weight (50 g/L), thereby enhancing stilbenoid solubility and/or stability.
  • At least one saccharide of a molecular weight of 350 D to 1000 kD, preferably 350 kD to 50 kD is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 7.5% by weight (75 g/L), thereby enhancing stilbenoid solubility and/or stability.
  • the at least one stilbenoid is present in a total concentration of 0.1 mg/L-40 mg/L.
  • the at least one stilbenoid is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 0.15 mg/L.
  • the at least one stilbenoid is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 1.5 mg/L.
  • the at least one stilbenoid is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 15 mg/L.
  • the at least one stilbenoid is present in a total concentration of 0.1 mg/L to 100 mg/L. It has been shown that with such concentration increased biocompatibility can be reached. Such concentration is particularly suitable for medical applications.
  • the at least one stilbenoid is present in a total concentration of 10 mg/L-1600 mg/L. It has been shown that such concentration allows treatment of acute medical conditions. Such concentration is particularly suitable for medical applications.
  • the at least one stilbenoid is present in a total concentration of 10 mg/L-saturation. Such concentration is particularly suitable for food additives or stocksolutions.
  • the at least one stilbenoid may be present in a concentration of 0.001 mg/L to 5 g/L, preferentially between 0.001 mg and 1 g/l further preferred between 0.01 and 500 mg/L.
  • concentrations, and other concentrations for stilbenoid that are given in g/L relate to the total concentration of all stilbenoids if more than one stilbenoid is present.
  • stilbenoid concentration of the final application may be adapted to different purposes.
  • concentrations between 0.01 mg/L and 500 mg/L are preferred.
  • the application is supposed to act to systemically deliver stilbenoids, to treat systemic and/or acute conditions: diabetes, inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, COPD, rheumatoid arthritis, digestive tract inflammatory diseases such as gastritis and IBD, dermal inflammatory diseases such as dermatitis, auto-inflammatory diseases such as Lupus, different kinds of primary and/or secondary cancers, degenerative diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's Alzheimer's and Huntington's or sclerotic neurodegenerative diseases, fibrosis such as cystic fibrosis or organ functional decrease such as decrease of residual renal activity, a higher range of stilbenoid concentrations such as between 0.1 mg up to 5 grams per Liter are preferred.
  • inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, COPD, rheumatoid arthritis, digestive tract inflammatory diseases such as gastritis and IBD, dermal inflammatory diseases such as dermatitis, auto-inflammatory diseases such as Lupus, different kinds of primary and/or secondary cancers
  • degenerative diseases such as
  • the term “between” is intended to include the lower and upper limit of the respective range, if not otherwise indicated. So, is a range is disclosed as “between X and Y”, X and Y are included.
  • the stilbenoid be present in a concentration of 0.05 to 60 ⁇ M, preferentially between 0.05 to 40 ⁇ M further preferred between 0.05 to 20 ⁇ M. These concentrations, and other concentrations for stilbenoid that are given in ⁇ M, relate to the total concentration of all stilbenoids if more than one stilbenoid is present.
  • the stilbenoid may be present in a concentration of 0.001 mg/L to 5 g/L, preferentially between 0.001 mg/L and 1 g/l further preferred between 0.01 and 500 mg/L. These concentrations, and other concentrations for stilbenoid that are given in g/L, relate to the total concentration of all stilbenoids if more than one stilbenoid is present.
  • the upper limit of concentration of the at least one stilbenoid is preferably the concentration of saturation. Another possible upper limits, that could be combined with any of the lower limits in this description, are 1600 mg/L, or 1200 mg/L
  • the concentration of saccharide may be 0.025% until saturating concentration of the particular saccharide in an aqueous solution.
  • the concentration of the saccharide may be 0.05-50% by weight (of the total solution), preferably 0.24-24 by weight, even more preferably 0.5-15% by weight.
  • the concentration of the saccharide may be 15-50% by weight (of the total solution), preferably 24-50% by weight.
  • the concentration of the saccharide may be 4.0-50% by weight (of the total solution), preferably 4.0-24% by weight, more preferably 7.0-15% by weight.
  • the concentration of the saccharide may be 2.0-50% by weight (of the total solution), preferably 2.0-24% by weight, more preferably 2.0-15% by weight, even more preferably 2.0-7% by weight.
  • the concentration of the saccharide may be 0.05-24% by weight (of the total solution), 0.2-15% by weight, 0.5-7% by weight, or 0.5-2% by weight
  • the aqueous solution of the invention has a physiologically neutral pH between 6 and 8, preferably 6.8-7.5. It has been shown that stilbenoid could be stabilized in an aqueous solution of the invention even at such pH.
  • the aqueous solution of the invention has an acidic pH between 1 and 6. Such pH is suitable to further stabilize stilbenoid.
  • a pH of 3 to 3.5 significantly stabilize stilbenoids, particularly the stilbenes resveratrol and piceid. This is of importance because it allows solubilization of stilbenoid in acidified glucose solutions, such as commonly applied in many peritoneal dialysis solutions.
  • ph 3 adjusted Extraneal® solution sufficiently stabilize resveratrol to allow heat sterilization of such a solution, without degradation of the stilbenoid.
  • the present invention is directed to a method for increasing the solubility of a stilbenoid in water, comprising:
  • the present invention relates to solutions consisting of as well as comprising water, stilbenoids, and mono-, di-, oligo- and/or polysaccharides, particularly nutritional and/or biologically inactive mono-, oligo- or polysaccharides.
  • the invention relates to the use of said saccharides for solubilization and stabilization of Stilbenoids into water based foods and medical applications. Solutions may further contain one or several pH buffer and other solutes.
  • solubility of stilbenoids may also be increased by amino acids. So, the present invention also describes an aqueous solution, comprising, in dissolved state,
  • Amino acids can also be added as a further component to a solution comprising a stilbenoid and a saccharide, which was described before.
  • One or more amino acids may be present individually or as mixtures at concentrations between 0.01 and 10% for therapeutic liquids, or at higher concentrations, if highly concentrated solutions shall be formulated.
  • Stilbenoids are substances, particularly polyphenols, particularly naturally occurring polyphenols, corresponding to the structure C6-C2-C6 (Stilbene) as basic structure, and belonging to the family of phenylpropanoids.
  • Well studied Stilbenes are resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene), pinosylvine, piceatannol, pterostilbene, and a glycoside, piceid (resveratrol-3-O- ⁇ -mono-D-glucoside, also named as trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene-3-O- ⁇ -D-glucopyranoside).
  • the solution of the invention may further comprise salts and other components to establish physiological conditions, active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), or ingredients to add nutritional value or taste.
  • API active pharmaceutical ingredients
  • the solution may be used as such or be mixed to other products.
  • the solution of the invention could be used for solubilization and stabilization of stilbenoids into water based foods and medical applications. Solutions may further contain one or several pH buffer and other solutes.
  • the invention is directed to the use of solutions described herein in the field on medicine and nutrition, particularly parenteral nutrition.
  • the invention provides with an aqueous solution as described herein for use as a medicament or for use in therapy or surgery.
  • the invention provides with an aqueous solution as described herein for use in peritoneal dialysis, parenteral nutrition and treatment of peritoneal disease or disorders, including but not restricted to complications with peritoneal dialysis, Ascites, Peritonitis, other peritoneal inflammatory disorders such as Familial Mediterranean Fever, and retroperitoneal inflammation, peritoneal infections, primary and secondary benign and malign peritoneal tumors and cancers, or other diseases that may impact the peritoneum, such as superior mesenteric Artery Syndrome, splenic injury and hemoperitoneum, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, peritoneal treatment before, during or after surgery.
  • peritoneal dialysis parenteral nutrition and treatment of peritoneal disease or disorders
  • peritoneal disease or disorders including but not restricted to complications with peritoneal dialysis, Ascites, Peritonitis, other peritoneal inflammatory disorders such as Familial Mediterranean Fever, and retroperitoneal inflammation, peritoneal infections, primary
  • the solution may be applied to local or systemic treatments by oral, bucal, nasal, occular, auricular, laringite, stomach, intestinal, hair capillary, finger nail, dermal, below the tongue, genital, rectal, intraperitoneal, intravenal or other subcutaneal application.
  • the solution may be applied as a food additive with increased stilbenoid content to liquid and/or solid food.
  • the solution may comprise pH buffering or other additives to further alter stability and/or solubility of stilbenoids.
  • Solubilization of solubility enhancing saccharides or hydrophilic stilbenoids may be done prior or at the same time than solubilization of hydrophobic stilbenoids. Solubilization of stilbenoids may occur at any temperature allowing solubilization, including during heat/pressure cooking or sterilization, with or without stirring or sonication or other dissolution accelerating techniques.
  • a preferred stilbenoid is resveratrol or piceid.
  • resveratrol is preferred.
  • piceid is preferred.
  • a preferred monosaccharide is glucose.
  • a preferred oligosaccharide is a polyglucose, particularly a maltodextrin such as icodextrin.
  • Stilbenoid concentrations correspond to measured solubility after 1 hour stirring at room temperature. Concentration is measured in aqueous solution, comprising the stilbenoid and the at least one saccharide. If not specifically indicated, or if not specifically indicated otherwise, the time of stirring is one hour. In some cases, other stirring times are indicated, such as 12 hours. The fact that solubility after one hour stirring cannot be equated with absolute concentration is illustrated by the fact that for example the concentration of resveratrol after 1 hour stirring between 10 and 15 mg/L evolves above 24 mg/L after 12 hours.
  • solubility after 1 hour can significantly vary, with RT temperature variations of 1 to 2° C., the volume of the test-solution, and stirring speed. Strongest variations were accounted for solubility of Resveratrol in distilled water with values between 1 and 6.5 mg/ml. With increasing concentrations of saccharides, less variations were observed. This is highly beneficial for pharmacological formulations.
  • stilbenoid preferably resveratrol, and monosaccharide monosaccharide 0.024% by weight until saturation stilbenoid 6-15 mg/L (1 hour stirring) stilbenoid 6-30 mg/L (12 hour stirring)
  • stilbenoid preferably resveratrol, and polysaccharide, preferably Icodextrin, polysaccharide 0.024%-7.5% by weight stilbenoid 6-120 mg/L more preferably: polysaccharide 0.75%-7.5% by weight stilbenoid 15-120 mg/L
  • Molecular weight in the present invention is preferably measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), preferably gel permeation chromatography with light scattering and refractive index detection (GPC-RI-MALLS).
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • GPC-RI-MALLS gel permeation chromatography with light scattering and refractive index detection
  • FIG. 1 Solubility and stability of Resveratrol and Piceid after stirring as a function of glucose or icodextrin concentration
  • FIG. 2 Stability of resveratrol and piceid in commercially available (in one case pH adjusted) dialysis solutions
  • FIG. 3 Solubility of Resveratrol after one hour stirring at RT, as a function of the concentration of Maltose, Maltotriose, Isomaltotriose, and Maltotetraose;
  • FIG. 5 Solubility of Resveratrol after one hour stirring at RT, as a function of the concentration of Dextran 2.5-4 kD, Dextran 10 kD, Glycogen 100 kD, and Pullulan 100-200 kD;
  • FIG. 6 Solubility of Resveratrol after one hour stirring at RT, as a function of the concentration of N-acetyl-glucosamine
  • FIG. 7 Solubility of Piceid (Polydatin) and Pterostilbene as functions of the concentration of Maltodextrin DE 16-19;
  • FIG. 8 Solubility of Resveratrol in different amino acid containing solutions
  • the saccharides are dissolved in extra-pure water in a concentration of 0.5% (w/v).
  • the solutions are heated at 95° C. for 30 minutes.
  • the polymers are fractionated on a precolumn and three columns having the separation ranges 300-10 4 , 5 ⁇ 10 4 -2 ⁇ 10 6 and 10 6 -10 8 (SUPREMA-Gel, PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH, Mainz, Germany).
  • Monosacharides such as glucose at concentration above 20% and oligo/poly-saccharides such as icodextrine at concentrations up to 1% increase solubility of stilbenoids within one hour by 2 to 3 times.
  • Oligo-saccharides at concentrations of 7.5% and higher increase absolute solubility of stilbenoids by a factor of 3 to 10 and increase solubility within one hour of stilbenoids by a factor of 10 to 20 and higher.
  • concentrations of mono-saccharides of 20% and higher further increase solubility, further stabilize stilbenoids, and further increase solubility of resveratrol within one hour, and increase absolute solubility of piceid one and a half to two times.
  • concentrations of mono-saccharides of 20% and higher further increase solubility, further stabilize stilbenoids, and further increase solubility of resveratrol within one hour, and increase absolute solubility of piceid one and a half to two times.
  • a mixture of oligo-saccharides at 7.5% increases stability, solubility within one hour, and absolute solubility of stilbenoids.
  • solubility of resveratrol within one hour increases 20 to 25 times and absolute solubility increases at least 3 to 4 times under such conditions.
  • resveratrol stability further increases about ten times.
  • solubilization of a stilbenoid takes one to several hours or even longer. This may be the reason why the here discovered phenomenon has not been described before.
  • Adaptation of pH to at least pH 3 and/or addition of at least 0.02% saccharides allows stable dissolution and stability of such quantities of resveratrol.
  • Addition of about 5% or more of an oligo-saccharide of an average molecular weight (weight average) between 2KD and 50KD allows heat-sterilization of such solution without degradation of the stilbenoid.
  • Solubility measurements after 1 hour stirring at RT generated some variability in-between measurement series, which might be due to low temperature variations, back-ground measurements and experimental imprecisions. Specifically, variations of concentration of Resveratrol in H 2 O, without any saccharide, between 0.3 and 6 mg/L were observed in-between different series. As a rule of thumb, for calculating factors of increased solubility, the minimal concentration value of Resveratrol in H 2 O was always accounted for at 1.2 mg/L. If, in a given series, Resveratrol concentration in H 2 O was higher than 1.2, this higher value was applied to calculate factors of increase of concentration. The here calculated factors of increase of solubility are therefore to be considered as conservative.
  • Solubility and stability of Resveratrol and Piceid after one hour stirring at RT as a function of glucose or icodextrin concentration in a solution, containing 5.4 g/L NaCl, 4.5 g/L NaLactate, 0.275 g/L CaCl2, and 0.051 g/L MgCl2, buffered at pH 3 or pH 7. Solubility was measured after one hour stirring at room temperature, in presence of excess solute, followed by filtering.
  • Concentration of 2.4% Icodextrin increase solubility within one hour of resveratrol 7 to 10 times, and of piceid 3 to 4 times. Concentration of Icodextrin of 7.5% increase solubility within one hour of resveratrol by a factor of 20 and absolute solubility at least 3.5 times. It increases solubility after one hour of piceid by a factor of 6 to 8. In case of piceid, measured solubility within one hour equals absolute solubility, since total solubilization happens within the first five minutes.
  • Example 1 The results of Example 1 are shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 shows the data in four charts and four tables that are related to the charts, respectively.
  • Medium B (117.14 g/L glucose monohydrate (equivalent to 106.5 g/L anhydrous glucose), 0.507 g/L Calcium chloride dihydrate, 0.140 g/L Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, measured pH 3.5), Medium E (75 g/L Icodextrin, 5.35 g/L Sodium Chloride, 4.48 g/L Sodium Lactate, 257 mg/L Calcium Chloride USP, 50.8 mg/L Magnesium Chloride USP, adjusted to pH 3 in our lab), and Medium F (30 g/L anhydrous glucose, 11.279 g/L Sodium chloride, 0.3675 g/L Calcium chloride dihydrate, 0.2033 g/L Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, measured pH 3).
  • Solubility was measured after 5 minutes to 12 hours stirring at room temperature, in presence of excess solute, followed by filtering.
  • FIG. 2 shows the resulting data as a chart and in a related table.
  • Solubilization saturation curves measured in commercial dialysis solutions confirmed the applicability of increased stability and solubility by saccharides. Solubilities obtained for resveratrol after 12 hours in glucose approached referred absolute solubility of Resveratrol in aqueous solution (approximately 30 mg/L). Solubility of resveratrol in 7.5% Icodextrin depassed that value about 4 times.
  • Test solution P in P in Pin after Stirring- Medium B Medium E Medium F Time [min] found [mg/L] found [mg/L] found [mg/L] 60 485.6 1585.5 493.8 12 h 342.9 1370.3 461.4
  • Solubilization of piceid took place within the first minutes and was stable between 1 and 12 hours. Again the results obtained in commercial dialysis solutions are well in range of expectations from established solubility curves in 5.4 g/L NaCl, 4.5 g/L NaLactate, 0.275 g/L CaCl2, and 0.051 g/L MgCl2.
  • Solubility was measured after one hour or 12 hours stirring at room temperature, in presence of excess solute, followed by filtering.
  • Stability was measured after one hour or 12 hours stirring at room temperature, in presence of excess solute, followed by filtering.
  • Solubility of Resveratrol after one hour stirring at RT was measured after one hour stirring at room temperature, in presence of excess solute, followed by filtering.
  • the results of Example 5 are shown in FIG. 3 , which shows the data in four charts and four tables that are related to the charts, respectively. Concentrations of 0.05% of Isomaltotriose and Maltotetraose increased solubility of the stilbenoid resveratrol by a factor of 1.5 and 1.8 respectively.
  • Solubility of Resveratrol after one hour stirring at RT as a function of the concentration of Dextran 2.5-4 kD, Dextran 10 kD, Glycogen 100 kD, and Pullulan 100-200 kD, in H 2 O. Solubility was measured after one hour stirring at room temperature, in presence of excess solute, followed by filtering. The results of Example 7 are shown in FIG. 5 , which shows the data in four charts and four tables that are related to the charts, respectively. Concentration of 0.24% Dextran 10 kD increased solubility of the stilbenoid resveratrol by a factor of 2.3.
  • Concentrations of 0.5% of Glycogen 100 kD and Pullulan 100 to 200 kD increased solubility of the stilbenoid resveratrol by a factor of 10 and 1.5 respectively.
  • Concentration of 2.4% Dextran 10 kD increased solubility of the stilbenoid resveratrol 6.3 times.
  • Concentration of 4% Glycogen 100 kD and Pullulan 100 to 200 kD increased solubility of the stilbenoid resveratrol by a factor of 43 and 4 respectively.
  • Concentration of 7.5% Dextran 2.5-4 kD and dextran 10 kD increased solubility of the stilbenoid resveratrol by a factor of 2.7 and 7.7 respectively.
  • Solubility of Resveratrol after one hour stirring at RT was measured after one hour stirring at room temperature, in presence of excess solute, followed by filtering.
  • the results of Example 8 are shown in FIG. 6 , which shows the data in a chart and a related table. Concentration of 24% of N-acetylglucosamine increased concentration of the stilbenoid resveratrol 12 times.
  • Solubility was measured after one hour stirring at room temperature, in presence of excess solute, followed by filtering.
  • the results of Example 10 are shown in FIG. 8 , which shows the data in a chart and a related table.
  • Two medical preparations of Amino acid solution were tested and compared against water for solubility of stilbenoid Resveratrol.
  • An increased solubility of stilbenoid Resveratrol by a factor of 11 was observed in Aminoven®, containing 10% of amino acids.

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