US20170020836A1 - Compositions Comprising 15-HEPE and Methods of Treating or Preventing Cancer and Neurologic Disease - Google Patents

Compositions Comprising 15-HEPE and Methods of Treating or Preventing Cancer and Neurologic Disease Download PDF

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US20170020836A1
US20170020836A1 US15/216,345 US201615216345A US2017020836A1 US 20170020836 A1 US20170020836 A1 US 20170020836A1 US 201615216345 A US201615216345 A US 201615216345A US 2017020836 A1 US2017020836 A1 US 2017020836A1
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hepe
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cancer
composition
present disclosure
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John Climax
Mehar Manku
David Coughlan
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Afimmune Ltd
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Afimmune Ltd
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Assigned to DIGNITY SCIENCES LIMITED reassignment DIGNITY SCIENCES LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CLIMAX, JOHN, COUGHLAN, DAVID, MANKU, MEHAR
Publication of US20170020836A1 publication Critical patent/US20170020836A1/en
Assigned to AFIMMUNE LIMITED reassignment AFIMMUNE LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DIGNITY SCIENCES LIMITED
Priority to US15/879,508 priority patent/US10716773B2/en
Priority to US16/893,805 priority patent/US20210085628A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/20—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids
    • A61K31/202—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids having three or more double bonds, e.g. linolenic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
    • A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
    • A61K31/23—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms
    • A61K31/232—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms having three or more double bonds, e.g. etretinate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/06—Antimigraine agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
    • A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N2005/1092—Details
    • A61N2005/1098—Enhancing the effect of the particle by an injected agent or implanted device

Definitions

  • compositions, formulations and methods of treating or preventing cancer and neurologic diseases by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (also referred to as 15-HEPE) or a derivative thereof to a subject in need thereof.
  • 15-HEPE 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid
  • Apoptosis is a genetically regulated and tightly controlled process involved in eliminating defective cells from tissues. Under normal conditions, the rate of apoptosis and cellular proliferation are in balance, thereby maintaining homeostasis. Under certain disease states, apoptosis can be upregulated, creating an imbalance that creates to tissue damage and loss of function.
  • Caspases are a group of cysteine proteases critical for apoptosis of eukaryotic cells. Activation of the caspase cascade, if completed, leads to activation of the terminal effector caspase-3—the terminal effector caspase.
  • the present disclosure provides methods of treating and/or preventing cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject 15-HEPE or a derivative thereof or a composition comprising 15-HEPE or a derivative thereof.
  • the cancer is selected from carcinoma, CNS cancer, liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, skin cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer.
  • the present disclosure provides methods of treating and/or preventing a neurological disorder in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject 15-HEPE or a derivative thereof or a composition comprising 15-HEPE or a derivative thereof.
  • the neurological disorder is selected from catalepsy, epilepsy, encephalitis, meningitis, migraine, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis.
  • the present disclosure provides uses of 15-HEPE in the manufacture of a medicament for treating and/or preventing cancer or a neurological disorder in a subject.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of promoting normal cell proliferation in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject 15-HEPE or a composition comprising 15-HEPE.
  • the present disclosure provides q method of preventing cell death in an organ in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject 15-HEPE or a composition comprising 15-HEPE.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of reducing cancerous tumor proliferation in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject 15-HEPE or a composition comprising 15-HEPE.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of delaying tumor growth in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject 15-HEPE or a composition comprising 15-HEPE.
  • the present disclosure provides method of inhibiting caspase-3 activity in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject 15-HEPE or a composition comprising 15-HEPE.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of sensitizing cancer cells to radiation therapy in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject 15-HEPE or a composition comprising 15-HEPE and concurrently or thereafter treating cancer cells in the subject with radiation.
  • FIG. 1 shows that at the concentration of 100 ⁇ g/ml, compounds 15(S)-HEPE EE and EPA EE both displayed a clear inhibitory effect on caspase-3/7 activity (with a stronger effect for compound 15(S)-HEPE EE).
  • compositions comprising 15-HEPE, and methods of using same for treating and/or preventing cancer or a neurological disease in a subject in need thereof.
  • 15-Hydroxy-eicosa-5,8,11,13,17-pentaenoic acid is a functionalized fatty acid having the general structure shown in Formula (I).
  • 15-HEPE can be synthesized from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) according to methods known in the art.
  • the term “15-HEPE” may refer to 15-HEPE in its free acid form (e.g, 15-hydroxy-eicosa-5,8,11,13,17-pentaenoic acid; R ⁇ R′ ⁇ H in Formula (I)) and/or a derivative thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable ester (R ⁇ H), a conjugate, or a salt (R is an ion) consistent with Formula (I), or mixtures of any of the foregoing.
  • a derivative of 15-HEPE e.g., R ⁇ H and/or R′ ⁇ H
  • R ⁇ H eicosapentaenoic acid
  • the 15-HEPE is used in the free acid form (i.e., R ⁇ H).
  • pharmaceutically acceptable esters or salts of 15-HEPE are used in certain embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the 15-HEPE is in the form of a C 1-4 alkyl ester such as methyl ester (R ⁇ CH 3 ) or ethyl ester (R ⁇ CH 2 CH 3 ) form.
  • 15-HEPE is a chiral molecule and may be used in the 15(S)- or 15(R)-enantiomeric form, in an enantiomerically enriched form, or as a racemic mixture. Used herein, “15-HEPE” includes all such forms, with no limitation as to stereospecificity.
  • the 15-HEPE comprises the 15(S) form: 15(S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoic acid, or a derivative thereof.
  • the 15-HEPE may be used in the form of the ethyl ester.
  • EPA refers to eicosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic acid, also known as 20:5n-3, an omega-3 fatty acid. EPA is readily obtainable through commercial sources.
  • a method of treating and/or preventing cancer or a neurological disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising 15-HEPE.
  • the present disclosure provides 15-HEPE, or a composition comprising 15-HEPE, for use in the treatment and/or prevention of cancer or a neurological disease.
  • the present disclosure provides a use of 15-HEPE, or a composition comprising 15-HEPE, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating and/or preventing cancer or a neurological disease.
  • the present disclosure also provides formulations of 15-HEPE and formulations comprising 15-HEPE and methods of using these formulations for treating and/or preventing cancer or a neurological disorder.
  • the present disclosure further provides a pharmaceutical composition for oral delivery, comprising 15-HEPE.
  • That composition may comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • the 15-HEPE may be in any form as discussed herein.
  • the 15-HEPE may be present from about 50 mg to about 3000 mg.
  • compositions of the present disclosure comprise 15-HEPE as an active ingredient.
  • 15-HEPE is the abbreviation for 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, a compound that can be synthesized via methods known in the art, such as exposure of eicospentaenoic acid to the enzyme 15-lipoxygenase.
  • the term “15-HEPE” refers to 15-HEPE in its free acid form (e.g., 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid) and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable ester, conjugate or salt thereof, or mixtures of any of the foregoing.
  • a derivative of 15-HEPE may be used instead, though this does not include any derivative compound missing the hydroxy group of 15-HEPE.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable in the present context means that the substance in question does not produce unacceptable toxicity to the subject or interaction with other components of the composition.
  • the 15-HEPE is in the form of an ester (also referred to herein as E-15-HEPE, 15-HEPE EE, or ethyl-15-HEPE).
  • the 15-HEPE comprises a C 1 -C 5 alkyl ester of 15-HEPE.
  • the 15-HEPE comprises 15-HEPE methyl ester, 15-HEPE propyl ester, or 15-HEPE butyl ester.
  • the 15-HEPE comprises the optically active 15(S)-Hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoic acid. This isomer may be used in any of the forms discussed above.
  • the 15-HEPE comprises lithium 15-HEPE, mono, di-or triglyceride 15-HEPE or any other ester or salt of 15-HEPE, or the free acid form of 15-HEPE.
  • the present disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions, for example orally deliverable compositions, comprising 15-HEPE.
  • the compositions comprise a therapeutically effective amount of 15-HEPE.
  • the pharmaceutical composition comprises about 0.1% to about 99%, about 1% to about 95%, about 5% to about 90% by weight of 15-HEPE.
  • the pharmaceutical composition comprises about at least about 70%, at least about 80% or at least about 90%, by weight, of 15-HEPE. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprises at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80% or at least about 90%, by weight of 15-HEPE.
  • 15-HEPE is present in a composition of the present disclosure in an amount of about 1 mg to about 10,000 mg, 25 mg to about 7500 mg, about 25 mg to about 5000 mg, about 50 mg to about 5000 mg, about 50 mg to about 3000 mg, about 75 mg to about 2500 mg, or about 100 mg to about 1000 mg, for example about 25 mg, about 50 mg, about 75 mg, about 100 mg, about 125 mg, about 150 mg, about 175 mg, about 200 mg, about 225 mg, about 250 mg, about 275 mg, about 300 mg, about 325 mg, about 350 mg, about 375 mg, about 400 mg, about 425 mg, about 450 mg, about 475 mg, about 500 mg, about 525 mg, about 550 mg, about 575 mg, about 600 mg, about 625 mg, about 650 mg, about 675 mg, about 700 mg, about 725 mg, about 750 mg, about 775 mg, about 800 mg, about 825 mg, about 850 mg, about 875 mg, about 900 mg, about 925 mg,
  • 15-HEPE present in a composition of the present disclosure comprises at least 90% by weight 15-HEPE.
  • 15-HEPE compositions can comprise even higher purity 15-HEPE, for example at least 95% by weight 15-HEPE or at least 97% by weight 15-HEPE, wherein the 15-HEPE is any form of 15-HEPE as set forth herein.
  • the purity of 15-HEPE can further be defined (e.g. impurity profile) by any of the descriptions of 15-HEPE provided herein.
  • the amounts of the 15-HEPE in the pharmaceutical composition are discussed.
  • the nature of the essential fatty acids and their synthesis is such that the 15-HEPE composition may include moieties from other essential fatty acids in the essential fatty acid metabolic cascade.
  • a composition of the present disclosure contains not more than about 10%, not more than about 9%, not more than about 8%, not more than about 7%, not more than about 6%, not more than about 5%, not more than about 4%, not more than about 3%, not more than about 2%, not more than about 1%, or not more than about 0.5%, by weight of other omega-3 fatty acids including alpha linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or derivatives thereof. In other embodiments there is substantially no, or no such other omega-3 fatty acids present.
  • DHA docosahexaenoic acid
  • 15-HEPE represents at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or 100%, by weight, of all fatty acids present in a composition of the present disclosure.
  • eicosapentaenoic acid from the synthesis of the 15-HEPE.
  • a composition for use in accordance with the disclosure can be formulated as one or more dosage units.
  • dose unit and “dosage unit” herein refer to a portion of a pharmaceutical composition that contains an amount of a therapeutic agent suitable for a single administration to provide a therapeutic effect.
  • dosage units may be administered one to a plurality (i.e. 1 to about 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 4 or 1 to 2) of times per day, or as many times as needed to elicit a therapeutic response.
  • compositions of the present disclosure are in the form of orally deliverable dosage forms or units.
  • suitable dosage forms include tablets (e.g. suspension tablets, bite suspension tablets, rapid dispersion tablets, chewable tablets, etc), caplets, capsules (e.g. a soft or a hard gelatin capsule or HPMC capsule), lozenges, sachets, cachets, troches, pellets, suspension, elixirs, syrups or any other solid dosage form reasonably adapted for oral administration.
  • oral delivery and “oral administration” herein include any form of delivery wherein the agent or composition is placed in the mouth of the subject under treatment, whether swallowed or not. This therefore includes buccal and sublingual administration, as well as esophageal administration.
  • compositions of the present disclosure can also be formulated for rectal, topical, or parenteral (e.g. subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal or infusion) delivery.
  • parenteral e.g. subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal or infusion
  • 15-HEPE in a composition of the present disclosure, this may be split over several dosage forms.
  • compositions of the present disclosure can be in the form of liquid dosage forms or dose units to be imbibed directly or they can be mixed with food or beverage prior to ingestion.
  • suitable liquid dosage forms include solutions, suspensions, elixirs, syrups, liquid aerosol formulations, and the like.
  • compositions of the present disclosure comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable excipient herein means any substance, not itself a therapeutic agent, used as a carrier or vehicle for delivery of a therapeutic agent to a subject or added to a pharmaceutical composition to improve its handling or storage properties or to permit or facilitate formation of a unit dose of the composition, and that does not produce unacceptable toxicity or interaction with other components in the composition.
  • a pharmaceutical composition according to the present disclosure may comprise one or more of: antioxidants, surfactants, preservatives, flavouring agents, co-solvents, viscosity aids, suspension aids, and lipophilic phases.
  • the pharmaceutical composition comprises one or more antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, palmitic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, a-tocopherol, idebenone, ubiquinone, ferulic acid, coenzyme Q10, lycopene, green tea, catechins, epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), green tea polyphenols (GTP), silymarin, coffeeberry, resveratrol, grape seed, pomegranate extracts, genisten, pycnogenol, niacinamide, butylated hydroxyltoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxylanisol (BHA), and the like.
  • the pharmaceutical composition comprises about 0.01 wt.
  • % to about 2 wt. % of an antioxidant for example about 0.01 wt. %, about 0.02 wt. %, about 0.03 wt. %, about 0.04 wt. %, about 0.05 wt. %, about 0.06 wt. %, about 0.07 wt. %, about 0.08 wt. %, about 0.09 wt. %, about 0.1 wt. %, about 0.11 wt. %, about 0.12 wt. %, about 0.13 wt. %, about 0.14 wt. %, about 0.15 wt. %, about 0.16 wt. %, about 0.17 wt.
  • wt. % about 0.94 wt. %, about 0.95 wt. %, about 0.96 wt. %, about 0.97 wt. %, about 0.98 wt. %, about 0.99 wt. %, about 1 wt. %, about 1.1 wt. %, about 1.2 wt. %, about 1.3 wt. %, about 1.4 wt. %, about 1.5 wt. %, about 1.6 wt. %, about 1.7 wt. %, about 1.8 wt. %, about 1.9 wt. %, or about 2 wt. % of the one or more antioxidant.
  • compositions and formulations disclosed herein may be used in the treatment of cancer.
  • the cancer is associated with an o rgan or tissue associated with the CNS, a lung, a liver, a heart, a kidney, a bowel, a stomach, one or more eyes, mediastinum, bone marrow, retroperitoneaum, skin, an intestine, a joint, a reproductive organ, a prostate, a breast or a combination thereof.
  • the 15-HEPE is administered to reduce tumor proliferation or delay tumor growth.
  • the 15-HEPE is administered to promote normal cell proliferation.
  • the 15-HEPE is administered to radiosensitize cancer cells, and can be used a radiosensitizer in radiation therapy.
  • the composition is orally administered.
  • the 15-HEPE is the only active ingredient in the composition.
  • the composition further comprises an additional agent for affecting the fibrosis therapy.
  • the 15-HEPE is the only active ingredient in the composition.
  • the composition further comprises an additional agent for affecting the cancer or CNS disease.
  • the method further comprises identifying the subject as having cancer or CNS disease before administering the composition comprising 15-HEPE. In some embodiments, the method further comprises identifying the subject as having an increased risk of developing cancer or CNS disease before administering the composition comprising 15-HEPE. In some embodiments, the step of identifying comprises screening for a genetic mutation in a nucleic acid molecule associated with the subject. In some embodiments, the step of identifying comprises obtaining an analysis of blood and/or serum associated with the subject. In some embodiments, the step of identifying comprises examining a tissue associated with the subject. In some embodiments, the step of examining comprises analyzing a histological tissue sample (e.g., a biopsy) associated with the subject.
  • a histological tissue sample e.g., a biopsy
  • the present disclosure provides uses of 15-HEPE in the manufacture of a medicament for treating and/or preventing cancer or a neurological disorder in a subject.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of promoting normal cell proliferation in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject 15-HEPE or a composition comprising 15-HEPE.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of preventing cell death in an organ in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject 15-HEPE or a composition comprising 15-HEPE.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of reducing cancerous tumor proliferation in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject 15-HEPE or a composition comprising 15-HEPE.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of delaying tumor growth in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject 15-HEPE or a composition comprising 15-HEPE.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of inhibiting caspase-3 activity in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject 15-HEPE or a composition comprising 15-HEPE.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of sensitizing cancer cells to radiation therapy in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject 15-HEPE or a composition comprising 15-HEPE and concurrently or thereafter treating cancer cells in the subject with radiation.
  • the method comprises administering a pharmaceutical composition as disclosed herein to a subject once per day, twice per day, three times per day, or more than three times per day.
  • treating or “treatment” of a disease, disorder, or condition includes at least partially: (1) preventing the disease, disorder, or condition, i.e. causing the clinical symptoms of the disease, disorder, or condition not to develop in a mammal that is exposed to or predisposed to the disease, disorder, or condition but does not yet experience or display symptoms of the disease, disorder, or condition; (2) inhibiting the disease, disorder, or condition, i.e., arresting or reducing the development of the disease, disorder, or condition or its clinical symptoms; or (3) relieving the disease, disorder, or condition, i.e., causing regression of the disease, disorder, or condition or its clinical symptoms.
  • prevention in relation to a given disease or disorder means: preventing the onset of disease development if none had occurred, preventing the disease or disorder from occurring in a subject that may be predisposed to the disorder or disease but has not yet been diagnosed as having the disorder or disease, and/or preventing further disease/disorder development if already present.
  • an “effective amount,” as used herein, refers to the amount of an active composition that is required to confer a therapeutic effect on the subject.
  • a “therapeutically effective amount,” as used herein, refers to a sufficient amount of an agent or a compound being administered which will relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms of the disease, disorder, or condition being treated. In some embodiments, the result is a reduction and/or alleviation of the signs, symptoms, or causes of a disease, or any other desired alteration of a biological system.
  • an “effective amount” for therapeutic uses is the amount of the composition including a compound as disclosed herein required to provide a clinically significant decrease in disease symptoms without undue adverse side effects.
  • an appropriate “effective amount” in any individual case is determined using techniques, such as a dose escalation study.
  • the term “therapeutically effective amount” includes, for example, a prophylactically effective amount.
  • an “effective amount” of a compound disclosed herein, such as a compound of Formula (I) is an amount effective to achieve a desired pharmacologic effect or therapeutic improvement without undue adverse side effects.
  • an effect amount” or “a therapeutically effective amount” varies from subject to subject, due to variation in metabolism, age, weight, general condition of the subject, the condition being treated, the severity of the condition being treated, and the judgment of the prescribing physician.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable in the present context means that the substance in question does not produce unacceptable toxicity to the subject or interaction with other components of the composition.
  • the potential inhibitory effect of compounds 15(S)-HEPE EE and EPA EE was evaluated on staurosporine-induced caspase activation in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). More specifically, at the end of the treatments with the test compounds in staurosporine-activated NHDF, the caspase 3/7 activity was measured after cell lysis using a specific fluorogenic substrate.
  • NHDF normal human dermal fibroblasts
  • Test compounds are shown in Table 1.
  • Test compound Aspect/Storage Stock solution Test concentrations 15(S)-HEPE EE Liquid 100 mg/ml in DMSO 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 Batch n o 2540B-1502 Storage: +4° C. and 100 ⁇ g/ml MW: 346.5 protected from light Purity: 96.7% MV150413-1 EPA EE Liquid 100 mg/ml in ethanol 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 Batch n o U-99E-JY8-Y Storage: +4° C. and 100 ⁇ g/ml MW: 330.5 protected from light MV150413-4
  • cell layers were first detached using trypsin treatment and transferred in microtubes before performing the cell lysis.
  • the positive control was recombinant human active caspase-3 (BD Biosciences, ref. 556471), tested at 50 ng/ml.
  • Lysis buffer HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) containing EDTA, Triton X-100, NP-40 and DTT
  • Assay Buffer HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) containing NaCI, EDTA, NP-40, glycerol and DTT
  • Cell lysis was achieved by adding 100 ⁇ l of lysis buffer/microtube on the cell pellets and a freeze/thaw cycle.
  • Ac-DEVD-AMC is a synthetic tetrapeptide fluorogenic substrate for caspase-3 and caspase-7 and contains the amino acid sequence of the PARP cleavage site at Asp-216.
  • the tetrapeptide substrate can be used to identify and quantify the caspase-3/7 activity. Enzymes cleave the tetrapeptide between D and AMC resulting in the release of fluorogenic AMC, which can be quantified with a spectrofluorometer.
  • Cell lysates (30 ⁇ l/well) or recombinant human active caspase-3 were incubated in assay buffer, in presence of the substrate, for 3 hours at 37° C. under agitation (final volume 100 ⁇ l).
  • the specificity of the reaction was evaluated by testing a stimulated control condition in presence of the caspase 3 specific inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO (0.1 ⁇ M).
  • an additional control assay buffer containing the substrate was also performed to determine the background signal.
  • the fluorescence intensity emitted by the reaction product was measured at wavelengths ⁇ ex 380 nm and ⁇ em 440 nm using a spectrofluorimeter (SPECTRAmax® Gemini, Molecular Devices).
  • the 2 test compounds i.e., 15(S)-HEPE EE and EPA EE were tested at the same range of 6 concentrations: 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 ⁇ g/ml.
  • Compound 15(S)-HEPE EE showed no effect on caspase-3/7 activity when tested from 0.001 to 10 ⁇ g/ml. However, at the highest concentration (100 ⁇ g/ml), this compound displayed opposite effects, with a very strong inhibitory effect for 15(S)-HEPE EE (83% of inhibition).
  • Compound EPA EE showed no effect on caspase-3/7 activity when tested from 0.001 to 10 ⁇ g/ml. Compound EPA EE, at highest test concentration, displayed a strong inhibitory effect on caspase-3/7 activity (61% of inhibition).

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