US20160138239A1 - Caisson - Google Patents

Caisson Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160138239A1
US20160138239A1 US14/895,670 US201314895670A US2016138239A1 US 20160138239 A1 US20160138239 A1 US 20160138239A1 US 201314895670 A US201314895670 A US 201314895670A US 2016138239 A1 US2016138239 A1 US 2016138239A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
caisson
segments
voussoirs
marine works
joining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/895,670
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ricardo ÁLVAREZ GRACÍA-LUBÉN
José Daniel García Espinel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Acciona SA
Acciona Ingenieria SA
Original Assignee
Acciona SA
Acciona Ingenieria SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Acciona SA, Acciona Ingenieria SA filed Critical Acciona SA
Assigned to ACCIONA S.A. reassignment ACCIONA S.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GARCÍA ESPINEL, José Daniel
Assigned to ACCIONA INGENIERÍA S.A. reassignment ACCIONA INGENIERÍA S.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ÁLVAREZ GARCÍA-LUBÉN, Ricardo
Publication of US20160138239A1 publication Critical patent/US20160138239A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
    • E02D23/02—Caissons able to be floated on water and to be lowered into water in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
    • E02D23/08—Lowering or sinking caissons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D25/00—Joining caissons, sinkers, or other units to each other under water

Definitions

  • the present invention can be included in the technical field of vertical caissons used in marine works. More specifically, it is a prefabricated caisson made of a fibre-reinforced polymeric material that is dry assembled in port.
  • dikes are a structure used with the object of reflecting and dissipating wave energy, thereby preventing or reducing the action of waves in an area to be protected.
  • dikes There are two basic types of conventional dikes: sloping dikes and vertical dikes.
  • Sloping dikes are structures built at sea to provide shelter to a certain area. These dikes consist of natural and/or artificial breakwaters of different sizes, usually concrete shoulders.
  • Vertical dikes are monolithic structures having vertical surfaces and impermeable walls. Said dikes are built using reinforced concrete caissons and have gravitational behaviour, i.e. the stability of the caisson is based on its own weight. The essential characteristic of vertical dikes is that they reflect practically all wave energy, reflecting wave action in the manner of a rigid vertical monolithic wall.
  • the execution of a vertical dike entails multiple advantages with respect to the execution of a sloping dike. It requires a smaller amount of added material as it is a body of smaller size, which reduces environmental impact and the cost of the works. It also occupies less space on the seabed, allowing mooring of vessels, and also contributes to reducing environmental impact, generating less turbidity during the construction phase and subsequent operation thereof.
  • Another disadvantage is that sophisticated machinery and qualified labour is required, particularly for the construction of the caisson in the caisson vessel. Additionally, small variations in density can lead to significant differences in the floatability and stability of the caisson in the water, which are essential characteristics in order for the caisson to be safely towed to its anchoring position.
  • the caissons known in the state of the art have cells in the interior thereof, which are generally rectangular or circular cells.
  • the caissons are generally built on floating facilities which can be floating dikes, submersible pontoons guided from fixed structures or catamarans with submersible platforms.
  • the usual caisson construction process consists of pouring the concrete ground slab for subsequently casting the caisson shaft using sliding formwork. As the caisson is being cast it is submerged in the water. It is then transported to its final location by a bow pushing tugboat. A complementary tugboat can also be used on the stern to act as a rudder. Once the caisson reaches its final location it is anchored to fix it in its definitive position.
  • the present invention proposes a caisson for marine works which can be used in all types of works but is particularly intended for use in vertical dikes.
  • the caisson for marine works consists of a modular construction comprising, as a base, a ground slab that can be circular or polygonal.
  • the ground slab is formed by a plurality of segments meant for being correlatively joined together by joining means. Said segments comprise an internal sector, lateral sectors and an external sector that includes coupling elements. The segments that form the ground slab are identical.
  • the segments In the case of polygonal ground slabs, the segments have a triangular or truncated triangular configuration. In the case of circular ground slabs, the segments have a radial segment configuration.
  • the caisson comprises a series of voussoirs meant for being disposed co-laterally therebetween throughout the perimeter and on top of the ground slab to form a closed surface.
  • the voussoirs have an upper side, lateral sides and a lower side.
  • the lateral sides have interlocking means to allow the voussoirs coupling therebetween.
  • the lower side is meant for fitting in the segment coupling elements.
  • the surface created through the co-lateral joint of the voussoirs is cylindrical.
  • An essential characteristic of the proposed caisson is that its constituent parts, i.e. the segments and voussoirs, are manufactured from fibre-reinforced polymer materials. Said parts are factory-made and are subsequently transported to the assembly location of the caisson, which is preferably a port near its final position. In this manner, once the assembly of the caisson has been completed it is launched from the pier and towed to its final position, where it is anchored.
  • the parts that form the caisson are dry assembled and the different joining means used to join the parts together can be mechanical joining means, such as for example dovetailing between the parts or rivets. They can be chemical joining means, such as a seawater-resistant adhesive or lamination using the caisson's own fibre and resin but executed onsite giving the part continuity. Likewise, the joining means can be a combination of mechanical and chemical joining means.
  • the voussoirs can be single-walled or double-walled. The election of one type of voussoir over another will depend, for example on the resistance required in each application, manufacturing conditions, total caisson dimensions, etc.
  • these may comprise vertical stiffeners that provide greater structural resistance to the caisson.
  • double-walled caissons In the case of double-walled caissons, these comprise an outer wall and an inner wall joined together at least by the lateral sides of the voussoir, and can be open on the upper side and lower side thereof.
  • the cavity remaining between the outer wall and the inner wall can be used to introduce a ballasting material for the caisson towing stage, for anchoring thereof, or the caisson can be filled to achieve greater resistance.
  • the segments can comprise a receptacle in the interior thereof wherein the lower side of the voussoirs can be introduced.
  • the ground slab additionally comprises a central body, also manufactured from a fibre-reinforced polymer, whereto the internal sectors of the segments are joined by corresponding joining means.
  • the central body may be cylindrical or prismatic.
  • Another object of the present invention is a process for assembling the previously described caisson for marine works.
  • Said process comprises the stages of joining the segments co-laterally using joining means and joining the voussoirs co-laterally therebetween using the voussoir interlocking means, inserting the lower side of the voussoirs in the segment coupling elements.
  • the process comprises the introduction of stiffeners in the interior of the main space, which is the space created in the interior of the surface of revolution created by the voussoirs.
  • the segments and voussoirs are transported to a pier where they will be assembled.
  • the parts are transported to the pier where they are dry assembled.
  • implementation thereof comprises launching the caisson, ballasting the caisson by partially filling the main space, towing the caisson by floating to its final location and anchoring the caisson by filling the main space.
  • the parts are dry assembled with the help of a crane. This reduces costs because specialised labour for performing deep-sea or underwater work is not required. Additionally, assembly operations are considerably simplified and full assembly can be performed in a very short time.
  • FIG. 1 shows a view of a voussoir of the caisson for marine works.
  • FIG. 2 shows a view of the ground slab of the caisson for marine works.
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the caisson for marine works.
  • the present invention describes a caisson for marine works and an assembly process thereof.
  • Said caisson is specially designed for being used in vertical dikes.
  • the parts that integrate the proposed caisson ( 14 ) are a plurality of segments ( 1 ) that constitute the caisson ground slab and a series of voussoirs ( 5 ) that create a surface in the interior whereof a main space ( 15 ) is created which can be filled.
  • the segments ( 1 ) and voussoirs ( 5 ) are manufactured from fibre-reinforced polymer materials.
  • the material is preferably selected from among fibreglass or carbon fibre with an epoxy resin or polyester matrix.
  • the segments form a circular ground slab and in another embodiment the segments form a polygonal ground slab.
  • the segments ( 1 ) are circular segments and in the case of the polygonal ground slab the segments ( 1 ) have a triangular or truncated triangular shape.
  • the segments ( 1 ) are meant for being joined co-laterally therebetween by joining means to form the ground slab.
  • Said segments ( 1 ) comprise an internal sector ( 2 ), lateral sectors ( 3 ) and an external sector ( 4 ) that includes coupling means.
  • the voussoirs ( 5 ) are meant for being joined together on the perimeter of the ground slab to form a closed surface. They have an upper side ( 6 ), lateral sides ( 7 ) and a lower side ( 8 ).
  • the lateral sides ( 7 ) have means for interlocking the voussoirs ( 5 ) to allow these to be joined together and the lower side ( 8 ) is meant for fitting into the segment ( 1 ) coupling elements to allow the joint between the voussoirs ( 5 ) and the segments ( 1 ).
  • the ground slab of the caisson also comprises a central body ( 9 ) which is also manufactured from a fibre-reinforced polymer material, whereto the internal sectors ( 2 ) of the segments ( 1 ) are joined by their corresponding joining means.
  • the internal sectors ( 2 ) have a geometric shape that matches the shape of the central body ( 9 ).
  • the voussoirs ( 5 ) have a geometric shape that matches the shape of the external sector ( 4 ) of the segments ( 1 ).
  • the joining means used to fix the segments ( 1 ) therebetween and the voussoirs ( 5 ) therebetween and to the segments ( 1 ) may be chemical joints, such as for example a seawater-resistant adhesive or mechanical joints, such as for example dovetailing or rivets or a combination of the two.
  • the segments ( 1 ) comprise a receptacle ( 12 ) that is in contact with the external sector ( 4 ) meant to house the lower side ( 8 ) of the voussoirs ( 5 ).
  • This embodiment ensures a better fixation of the elements as, in addition to the use of joining means, the voussoirs ( 5 ) are inserted in the segments ( 1 ).
  • the voussoirs ( 5 ) are single-walled and may comprise longitudinal stiffeners to give them greater structural resistance.
  • the voussoirs ( 5 ) are double-walled and comprise an outer wall ( 10 ) and an inner wall ( 11 ). Said walls are joined together by their lateral sides ( 7 ), creating an internal space ( 13 ).
  • the internal space ( 13 ) can be partially or fully filled, for example with granular material, for ballasting during the towing phase or for anchoring.
  • the caisson ( 14 ) also comprises stiffeners in the interior of the main space ( 15 ). These stiffeners are diametric flat elements meant for joining opposing voussoirs ( 5 ) and giving greater resistance and rigidity to the entire caisson ( 14 ) assembly.
  • Another object of the invention is a process for assembling the previously described caisson, comprising the following stages:
  • the assembly process comprises a joining stage in which the segments ( 1 ) are joined to the central body ( 9 ).
  • the caisson ( 14 ) is fully assembled in dry docks and in an even more preferred embodiment said assembly is performed on the pier near the final location of the caisson. To this end, the segments ( 1 ) and voussoirs ( 5 ) are transported to said pier.
  • the process comprises a stage in which the lower side ( 8 ) of the voussoirs ( 5 ) is introduced in the interior of the receptacle ( 12 ) of the segments ( 1 ) during the stage in which the voussoirs ( 5 ) are joined to the segments ( 1 ).
  • the assembly process comprises a stage in which stiffeners are introduced in the interior of the main space ( 15 ).
  • the process of the invention comprises the following stages:
US14/895,670 2013-06-05 2013-06-05 Caisson Abandoned US20160138239A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2013/070360 WO2014195526A1 (es) 2013-06-05 2013-06-05 Cajón para obras marítimas y procedimiento de montaje del mismo

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20160138239A1 true US20160138239A1 (en) 2016-05-19

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/895,670 Abandoned US20160138239A1 (en) 2013-06-05 2013-06-05 Caisson

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US20160138239A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2563104B1 (es)
WO (1) WO2014195526A1 (es)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2018071044A (ja) * 2016-10-24 2018-05-10 Ｊｆｅ建材株式会社 合成セグメント及びリング体
CN110130438A (zh) * 2019-05-27 2019-08-16 中国水利水电第八工程局有限公司 一种地表水取水井
US10443574B2 (en) * 2015-03-27 2019-10-15 Drace Infraestructuras, S.A. Gravity foundation for the installation of offshore wind turbines
WO2020115474A1 (en) * 2018-12-05 2020-06-11 The University Of Birmingham Support structure
US11131189B2 (en) * 2018-11-29 2021-09-28 Fci Holdings Delaware, Inc. Underground support
US11371204B2 (en) * 2018-10-24 2022-06-28 Byung Kwan Kang Ring-shaped cofferdam and temporary pit excavation structure using tapered square pipe, and construction method thereof

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016128585A1 (es) * 2015-02-12 2016-08-18 Acciona Ingeniería, S. A. Cajón
ES2566047B2 (es) * 2015-12-04 2016-10-05 Carbures Europe, S.A. Cajón modular para diques verticales y procedimiento de montaje del mismo

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4303352A (en) * 1978-06-26 1981-12-01 Compagnie Generale Pour Les Developpements Operationnels Des Richesses Sous-Marines Method for the building and putting in place of a sea platform with a gravity resting base, and means for implementing such a method
JPS59165716A (ja) * 1983-03-08 1984-09-19 Taisei Corp 人工島の構築方法
US5088858A (en) * 1989-11-07 1992-02-18 Darya Paye Jetty Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for constructing a column-shaped marine structure and structure produced thereby
US5599599A (en) * 1995-07-06 1997-02-04 University Of Central Florida Fiber reinforced plastic ("FRP")-concrete composite structural members
JP2004324377A (ja) * 2003-04-28 2004-11-18 Kagero Kobosha:Kk 山留め構造

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS569507A (en) * 1979-07-02 1981-01-31 Meiji Gomme Kasei:Kk Gravity type structure
NL8801677A (nl) * 1988-07-01 1990-02-01 Darya Paye Jetty Co Ltd Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een verloren bekisting en ramen voor gebruik tijdens deze werkwijze.
JPH0586626A (ja) * 1991-06-07 1993-04-06 Mitsui Constr Co Ltd 分割ケーソン設置工法
ES2155374B1 (es) * 1999-02-22 2001-12-01 Dragados & Construcciones Procedimiento de construccion de cajones de hormigon armado hincados para obras maritimas de proteccion y atraque.

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4303352A (en) * 1978-06-26 1981-12-01 Compagnie Generale Pour Les Developpements Operationnels Des Richesses Sous-Marines Method for the building and putting in place of a sea platform with a gravity resting base, and means for implementing such a method
JPS59165716A (ja) * 1983-03-08 1984-09-19 Taisei Corp 人工島の構築方法
US5088858A (en) * 1989-11-07 1992-02-18 Darya Paye Jetty Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for constructing a column-shaped marine structure and structure produced thereby
US5599599A (en) * 1995-07-06 1997-02-04 University Of Central Florida Fiber reinforced plastic ("FRP")-concrete composite structural members
JP2004324377A (ja) * 2003-04-28 2004-11-18 Kagero Kobosha:Kk 山留め構造

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10443574B2 (en) * 2015-03-27 2019-10-15 Drace Infraestructuras, S.A. Gravity foundation for the installation of offshore wind turbines
JP2018071044A (ja) * 2016-10-24 2018-05-10 Ｊｆｅ建材株式会社 合成セグメント及びリング体
US11371204B2 (en) * 2018-10-24 2022-06-28 Byung Kwan Kang Ring-shaped cofferdam and temporary pit excavation structure using tapered square pipe, and construction method thereof
US11131189B2 (en) * 2018-11-29 2021-09-28 Fci Holdings Delaware, Inc. Underground support
WO2020115474A1 (en) * 2018-12-05 2020-06-11 The University Of Birmingham Support structure
CN110130438A (zh) * 2019-05-27 2019-08-16 中国水利水电第八工程局有限公司 一种地表水取水井

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2563104R1 (es) 2016-09-07
ES2563104B1 (es) 2017-06-13
ES2563104A2 (es) 2016-03-10
WO2014195526A1 (es) 2014-12-11

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Legal Events

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AS Assignment

Owner name: ACCIONA INGENIERIA S.A., SPAIN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALVAREZ GARCIA-LUBEN, RICARDO;REEL/FRAME:037712/0111

Effective date: 19950208

Owner name: ACCIONA S.A., SPAIN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GARCIA ESPINEL, JOSE DANIEL;REEL/FRAME:037711/0939

Effective date: 20151103

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION