US20160016874A1 - Method of synthesis - Google Patents

Method of synthesis Download PDF

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US20160016874A1
US20160016874A1 US14/773,203 US201314773203A US2016016874A1 US 20160016874 A1 US20160016874 A1 US 20160016874A1 US 201314773203 A US201314773203 A US 201314773203A US 2016016874 A1 US2016016874 A1 US 2016016874A1
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ethoxyhept
bicyclo
mixture
compound
approximately
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Jimmy VAN WITENBURG
Rene La Crois
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Grey Pacific Labs LLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
    • C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
    • C07C45/69—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by addition to carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
    • C07C45/65—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by splitting-off hydrogen atoms or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/56—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds from heterocyclic compounds
    • C07C45/57—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds from heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only heteroatom
    • C07C45/58—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds from heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only heteroatom in three-membered rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
    • C07C41/34—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • C07C41/46—Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C43/02—Ethers
    • C07C43/03—Ethers having all ether-oxygen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C43/14—Unsaturated ethers
    • C07C43/162—Unsaturated ethers containing rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
    • C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C45/76—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton with the aid of ketenes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/78—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • C07C45/86—Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
    • C07C49/385—Saturated compounds containing a keto group being part of a ring
    • C07C49/517—Saturated compounds containing a keto group being part of a ring containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
    • C07C49/587—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring
    • C07C49/613—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring polycyclic
    • C07C49/617—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring polycyclic a keto group being part of a condensed ring system
    • C07C49/623—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring polycyclic a keto group being part of a condensed ring system having two rings
    • C07C49/633—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring polycyclic a keto group being part of a condensed ring system having two rings the condensed ring system containing eight or nine carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
    • C07D301/02—Synthesis of the oxirane ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D303/00—Compounds containing three-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D303/02—Compounds containing oxirane rings
    • C07D303/12—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly or doubly bound oxygen atoms
    • C07D303/18—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly or doubly bound oxygen atoms by etherified hydroxyl radicals
    • C07D303/20—Ethers with hydroxy compounds containing no oxirane rings
    • C07D303/22—Ethers with hydroxy compounds containing no oxirane rings with monohydroxy compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/12—Ketones
    • A61K31/122—Ketones having the oxygen directly attached to a ring, e.g. quinones, vitamin K1, anthralin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2602/00—Systems containing two condensed rings
    • C07C2602/02—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having only two atoms in common
    • C07C2602/14—All rings being cycloaliphatic
    • C07C2602/20—All rings being cycloaliphatic the ring system containing seven carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2602/00—Systems containing two condensed rings
    • C07C2602/02—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having only two atoms in common
    • C07C2602/14—All rings being cycloaliphatic
    • C07C2602/22—All rings being cycloaliphatic the ring system containing eight carbon atoms, e.g. pentalene

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to a method of synthesizing a chemical compound, such as a method of synthesizing 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one or 6-(5-methoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one.
  • the chemical compound 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one (also known as ethoxyheptyl bicyclooctanone or ETHOCYN®) is a non-steroidal compound that penetrates into the dermis.
  • CYOCTOLTM or 6-(5-methoxyhept-1-yl) bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one is a similar compound.
  • DHT dihydrotestosterone
  • 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one is complex due to, e.g., the compound's bicyclic structure, which includes four chiral centers.
  • the synthesis includes multiple reactions, some of which are expensive or dangerous.
  • One of the reactions includes a ring expansion reaction using etheral diazomethane, which is produced from DIAZALD® (N-methyl-N-nitroso-p-toluenesulfonamide) and ethanolic potassium hydroxide.
  • DIAZALD® N-methyl-N-nitroso-p-toluenesulfonamide
  • the diazomethane reaction is highly toxic and dangerous, due to the explosive potential of the reaction.
  • a compound such as 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one or methoxyheptyl bicyclooctanone
  • Such a method comprises reacting 3-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl) cyclopentene with dichloroketene to form a first mixture comprising 7,7-dichloro-4-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-one and 6,6-dichloro-4-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.2.0]-heptan-7-one.
  • the first mixture is reacted with acetic acid and zinc to form a second mixture comprising 4-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-one and 4-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl) bicyclo-[3.2.0]heptan-7-one.
  • the second mixture is reacted with trimethylsulfonium iodide to form a third mixture comprising 2-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)spiro [bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6,2′-oxirane].
  • the third mixture is reacted with lithium iodide to form 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the synthesis of 3-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl) cyclopentene from 2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the synthesis of 6 -( 5 -ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one from 3-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl) cyclopentene according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • a method of synthesizing 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one is disclosed.
  • the method of the invention provides a safer and less expensive manner of producing 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one.
  • the 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl) bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one synthesized by the method of the invention may be produced at a good yield and have a purity suitable for use in a composition, such as a pharmaceutical composition or a cosmetic composition.
  • the terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” “characterized by,” and grammatical equivalents thereof are inclusive or open-ended terms that do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps, but also include the more restrictive terms “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of” and grammatical equivalents thereof.
  • the term “may” with respect to a material, structure, feature or method act indicates that such is contemplated for use in implementation of an embodiment of the invention and such term is used in preference to the more restrictive term “is” so as to avoid any implication that other, compatible materials, structures, features and methods usable in combination therewith should, or must be, excluded.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 The compound 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one may be synthesized as described in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • FIG. 1 describes the synthesis of 3-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl) cyclopentene (Compound IX) from 2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione.
  • FIG. 2 describes the synthesis of 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one from Compound IX.
  • the 2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione may be reacted with sodium hydroxide and sodium borohydride in water, producing 5-hydroxyheptanoic acid (Compound IIA) and delta-lactone (Compound IIB) at a yield of from approximately 85% to approximately 105%. All percentages and ratios used herein are by weight of the total composition unless otherwise indicated or the context indicates otherwise.
  • the 2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione may be purchased from a chemical supply company, such as from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, Mo.).
  • the hydrolysis in Reaction 1 produces Compound I, a keto acid, in high yield.
  • Compounds IIA and IIB may be reacted with triethyl orthoformate (TEOF), ethanol, and a sulfuric acid catalyst to produce ethyl-5-ethoxy-heptanoate (Compound III), as shown in Reaction 3.
  • TEOF triethyl orthoformate
  • ethanol ethanol
  • a sulfuric acid catalyst to produce ethyl-5-ethoxy-heptanoate
  • Each of Compounds IIA and IIB react with the indicated reagents to form the same product, Compound III.
  • Compound III may be produced at a yield of from approximately 50% to approximately 80%.
  • Compound III may be purified, such as by distillation, before additional reactions are conducted.
  • Compound III may be reacted with lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to produce 5-ethoxyheptanol (Compound IV).
  • LAH lithium aluminum hydride
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • Compound IV may be produced at a yield of from approximately 90% to approximately 99%.
  • the reaction may be conducted at a temperature of from approximately ⁇ 50° C. to approximately room temperature (from approximately 20° C. to approximately 25° C.). To control the reaction, in some embodiments, the reaction is conducted at room temperature.
  • Compound IV may be reacted with methanesulfonyl chloride (MsCl) and pyridine in dimethylformamide (DMF) to produce 1-chloro-5-ethoxyheptane (Compound V) at a yield of from approximately 75% to approximately 95%.
  • MsCl methanesulfonyl chloride
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • Compound V may be reacted with magnesium metal to form a Grignard salt, 5-ethoxyheptyl magnesium chloride (Compound VI), which is reacted with dilithium tetrachlorocuprate to form a dilithio cuprate complex.
  • the dilithio cuprate complex may be coupled with 3-chlorocyclopentene (Compound VIII) to form 3-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl) cyclopentene (Compound IX) at a yield of from approximately 55% to approximately 85%.
  • Compound VIII may be synthesized from cyclopentene (Compound VII), which is synthesized from dicyclopentadiene, as indicated in Reactions 6 and 7.
  • the dicyclopentadiene may be purchased from a chemical supply company, such as from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, Mo.). Thermal cracking and distillation of the dicyclopentadiene produces the monomeric cyclopentadiene, which is treated with hydrochloric acid to afford Compound VIII.
  • Each of Compounds I-IX produced in Reactions 1-8 may be worked up, purified, and isolated before proceeding to the next reaction.
  • Compounds I-IX may be worked up, purified, and isolated by conventional techniques, which are not described in detail herein.
  • Compounds I-IX may be synthesized by the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,689,349 to Kasha et al.
  • Compound IX may be reacted with dichloroketene, as shown in Reaction 9.
  • the dichloroketene is generated in situ from trichloroacetyl chloride and zinc.
  • the cycloaddition of dichloroketene to Compound IX produces a mixture of exo and endo 7,7-dichloro-4-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-one and exo and endo 6,6-dichloro-4-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one, which is collectively referred to herein as Compound X.
  • Reaction 9 produces both isomers of Compound X in substantially similar amounts.
  • Compound IX may be dissolved in an organic solvent, such as diethyl ether.
  • organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylform-amide (DMF), acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and any similar solvents.
  • Zinc powder may be added to the solution of Compound IX. For every mole equivalent of Compound IX, from approximately 1.0 mole equivalent to approximately 3.0 mole equivalents of the zinc powder may be used in Reaction 9, such as from approximately 1.4 mole equivalents to approximately 1.8 mole equivalents.
  • approximately 1.6 mole equivalents of zinc powder are used per mole equivalent of Compound IX.
  • the mixture of zinc powder and the solution of Compound IX may be heated to a temperature just below the reflux temperature of the organic solvent.
  • Trichloroacetyl chloride may be diluted with an organic solvent, such as diethyl ether, and the trichloroacetyl chloride solution added slowly to the mixture of zinc powder and the solution of Compound IX.
  • organic solvent such as diethyl ether
  • other organic solvents may be used.
  • the trichloroacetyl chloride may be used in Reaction 9 at from approximately 1.0 mole equivalents to approximately 3.0 mole equivalents, such as from approximately 1.2 mole equivalents to approximately 1.6 mole equivalents. In certain embodiments, approximately 1.4 mole equivalents of trichloroacetyl chloride are used per mole equivalent of Compound IX.
  • the reaction mixture may start refluxing vigorously.
  • the trichloroacetyl chloride solution may be added to the mixture of zinc powder and the solution of Compound IX over a time period of from approximately one hour to approximately two hours.
  • the reaction mixture may be mixed under reflux for an amount of time sufficient for the reaction to proceed to completion, such as from approximately ten minutes to approximately sixty minutes.
  • the reaction mixture may then be cooled, filtered, subjected to at least one liquid:liquid extraction, dried, filtered, concentrated, and purified to produce Compound X as a colorless oil.
  • the reaction mixture may be cooled to room temperature and filtered through diatomaceous earth, such as diatomaceous earth available under the CELITE® trade name.
  • the filter cake may be rinsed with an organic solvent, such as diethyl ether. However, other organic solvents may be used.
  • the organic solvent layers may be combined and washed, such as with water.
  • the organic phase layer may then be stirred with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ), such as for approximately one hour.
  • NaHCO 3 sodium bicarbonate
  • the organic layer may be washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered through silica, and concentrated in vacua.
  • the resulting residue may be purified, such as by bulb to bulb distillation, to produce Compound X as a colorless oil.
  • Compound X may be reacted with acetic acid and zinc to produce a mixture of exo and endo 4-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-one and 4-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo [3.2.0]heptan-7-one, which is collectively referred to herein as Compound XII.
  • Reaction 10 produces both isomers of Compound XII in substantially similar amounts.
  • Compound X may be used in Reaction 10 in crude form, i.e., without distillation, which reduces the decomposition of Compound X.
  • the zinc may be added portion-wise to a solution of Compound X in acetic acid.
  • An excess of the zinc relative to Compound X may be used.
  • from approximately 2 mole equivalents to approximately 12 mole equivalents of zinc may be used per mole equivalent of Compound X, such as from approximately 5 mole equivalents to approximately 10 mole equivalents.
  • the zinc is used at approximately 9.8 mole equivalents per mole equivalent of Compound X.
  • the zinc may be added to the solution of Compound X at a temperature of from approximately 10° C. to approximately 20° C.
  • the reaction mixture may be mixed, such as for approximately one hour.
  • the reaction mixture may be filtered, concentrated, subjected to at least one liquid:liquid extraction, dried, filtered, concentrated, and purified to produce Compound XII as a colorless oil.
  • the reaction mixture may be filtered through diatomaceous earth available under the CELITE® trade name, and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo, producing a residue.
  • the resulting residue may be partitioned between heptanes and water.
  • the organic and aqueous phase layers may be separated and the organic phase layer washed with an aqueous solution of NaHCO 3 /brine.
  • the organic phase layer may be dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and an organic solvent, such as ethyl acetate, added. However, other organic solvents may be used.
  • the reaction mixture may be filtered, such as through silica, and the filtrate concentrated.
  • the resulting residue may be purified, such as by bulb to bulb distillation, to produce Compound XII as a colorless oil.
  • Compound XII may be produced at a yield of greater than approximately 55%.
  • Compound XII is stable and may be distilled.
  • Compound XII may be reacted with trimethylsulfonium iodide to produce a mixture of 4-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)spiro[bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6,2′-oxirane] and 2-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)spiro[bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6,2′-oxirane], which is collectively referred to herein as Compound XIII.
  • Reaction 11 produces both isomers of Compound XIII in substantially similar amounts.
  • Compound XIII is thermally stable and may be isolated.
  • Sodium hydride may be added to an organic solvent, such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), heated to a temperature of from approximately 50° C. to approximately 60° C., and cooled to room temperature. However, other organic solvents may be used.
  • the sodium hydride may be used in Reaction 11 at from approximately 1 mole equivalent to approximately 3 mole equivalents per mole equivalent of Compound XII, such as approximately 1.2 mole equivalents.
  • THF or other organic solvent may be added and the sodium hydride solution cooled to ⁇ 5° C.
  • Trimethylsulfonium iodide may be added to the cooled sodium hydride solution in a single portion.
  • the trimethylsulfonium iodide may be used in Reaction 11 at from approximately 1 mole equivalent to approximately 3 mole equivalents per mole equivalent of Compound XII, such as approximately 1.2 mole equivalents.
  • THF or other organic solvent may be combined with the Compound XII.
  • the Compound XII and THF may be added to the solution containing the sodium hydride and trimethylsulfonium iodide, causing the temperature of the reaction mixture to increase.
  • the reaction mixture may be reacted with stirring for an amount of time sufficient for the reaction to proceed to completion, during which the temperature of the reaction mixture may rise to approximately room temperature.
  • Water may be added to the reaction mixture, followed by at least one liquid:liquid extraction, dried, filtered, and concentrated to produce Compound XIII as a colorless oil.
  • the reaction mixture may be poured into water and extracted with an organic solvent, such as a heptane.
  • the organic phase layers may be washed with water and with an aqueous brine solution.
  • An organic solvent, such as ethyl acetate, may be added and the solution dried over Na 2 SO 4 .
  • the solution may filtered, such as through silica, and the filtrate concentrated, producing Compound XIII as a colorless oil.
  • Compound XIII may be produced at a yield of greater than approximately 90%.
  • lithium iodide may be reacted with Compound XIII to produce 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one as the major product. Due to the symmetry of the final product, both isomers of Compound XIII may be reacted with the lithium iodide to produce the 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one.
  • the lithium iodide may be used in Reaction 12 at from approximately 1 mole equivalent to approximately 3 mole equivalents per mole equivalent of Compound XIII, such as approximately 1.2 mole equivalents.
  • the method of the invention may produce a racemic mixture of 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one at a good yield and purity.
  • a solution of lithium iodide in THF may be added portion-wise to a solution of Compound XIII in THF.
  • a Lewis acid other than lithium iodide may also be used in Reaction 12.
  • Another organic solvent may also be used in Reaction 12, such as DMSO or dichloromethane. Since the reaction is exothermic, the reaction mixture may be cooled to room temperature using an ice bath. The reaction temperature may vary between approximately 10° C. and approximately 25° C.
  • the reaction mixture may be stirred for an amount of time sufficient for the reaction to proceed to completion, such as from approximately one hour to approximately three hours.
  • water may be added and the reaction mixture subjected to at least one liquid:liquid extraction with an organic solvent, such as a heptane.
  • the organic phase layers may be washed, dried, filtered, and purified to produce 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one as an oil.
  • water may be added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture extracted with heptanes.
  • the organic phase layers may be washed with an aqueous brine solution, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and filtered through silica.
  • the silica may be rinsed with 20% ethyl acetate in heptanes, which are concentrated to provide 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one as an oil.
  • the oil may be further purified by chromatography to produce pure 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one at a yield of greater than approximately 20%, such as greater than approximately 40%.
  • the 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one may have a purity of greater than approximately 99% by gas chromatography coupled mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis.
  • GC/MS gas chromatography coupled mass spectroscopy
  • the 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one may have a purity of greater than approximately 95% by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis and greater than 85% by chiral gas chromatography (GC) analysis.
  • CYOCTOLTM is a derivative of ETHOCYN® having a methoxy group at the C-5 position rather than an ethoxy group.
  • the CYOCTOLTM may be synthesized in a manner similar to that described above.
  • the purification may achieved by conventional techniques, such as by chromatography.
  • 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one has four chiral centers
  • the 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one synthesized by the method of the invention may, theoretically, include up to sixteen different isomers.
  • the two five-membered rings in 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one are cis-fused because the two chiral centers at C-3a and C-6a are linked to each other. Therefore, the method of the invention may produce a racemic mixture of up to eight different isomers of 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one.
  • the chemical compound 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one produced as described above may be formulated into a composition suitable for topical administration, such as a pharmaceutical composition or a cosmetic composition.
  • a composition suitable for topical administration such as a pharmaceutical composition or a cosmetic composition.
  • the 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one may be formulated into a salve, cream, ointment, lotion, gel, foam, dispersant, mousse, solution, aerosol, suspension, or emulsion.
  • the 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one may also be incorporated into a variety of cosmetic products including, but not limited to, solid, semi-solid, and liquid make-up (e.g., foundations, eye makeup, and lip treatments), make-up remover, deodorants and antiperspirants, soaps, bath products (e.g., oils or salts), hair care products, sunscreen, shaving lotions, and baby products.
  • the 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one may also be formulated into a composition suitable for oral administration, such as a tablet or capsule.
  • the 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one may be present in the composition at a therapeutically effective amount, which is the amount of the compound that, when administered to a patient for treating or preventing a medical disorder or condition, is sufficient to effect such treatment or prevention of the medical disorder or condition.
  • the 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo [3.3.0]octan-3-one may be present in the composition at a concentration of from approximately 0.01% by weight to approximately 5% by weight.
  • the 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one may be used to treat or prevent DHT-mediated medical disorders, such as acne vulgaris, hirsuitism, androgenetic alopecia, or keloid scars.
  • the composition may also include a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, which may function as a diluent, dispersant, or solvent.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle is a substance that is non-toxic, biologically tolerable, compatible with the 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo-[3.3.0]octan-3-one, and otherwise biologically suitable for administration to a subject.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle is added to the composition or otherwise used as a vehicle, carrier, or diluent to facilitate administration of the 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle may include, but is not limited to, water, saline, phosphate buffered saline, Hank's solution, Ringer's solution, dextrose/saline, or glucose, lactose, or sucrose solutions.
  • the composition may also include pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene glycol, water, or ethanol.
  • the composition may, optionally, include minor amounts of other ingredients, such as absorbents, abrasives, anticaking agents, antifoaming agents, antimicrobial agents, binders, biological additives, buffering agents, bulking agents, chemical additives, cosmetic biocides, denaturants, cosmetic astringents, drug astringents, external analgesics, film formers, opacifying agents, essential oils, skin sensates, emollients, skin soothing agents, skin healing agents, plasticizers, preservatives, preservative enhancers, propellants, reducing agents, skin conditioning agents, skin penetration enhancing agents, skin protectants, solvents, suspending agents, emulsifiers, thickening agents, solubilizing agents, sunscreens, sun-blocks, ultraviolet light absorbers or scattering agents, sunless tanning agents, chelating agents, sequestrants, depilation agents, desquamation agents/exfoliants, organic hydroxy acids, or natural extracts.
  • other ingredients such as
  • Solvents and reagents used in the synthesis of 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one were purchased from commercial sources, such as from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, Mo., US) or other chemical supply company. The solvents and reagents used were of reagent grade or higher.
  • the filter cake was rinsed with diethyl ether.
  • the combined organic phase layers were washed with water twice and the organic phase layer was stirred with a saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO 3 for approximately one hour. After separation of the layers, the organic phase layer was washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered through a short plug of silica, and concentrated in vacuo.
  • the residue was purified by bulb to bulb distillation, (0.03 mmHg, 180° C.-200° C.) to yield approximately 45 g of a colorless oil.
  • the plug of silica was rinsed with 20% ethyl acetate in heptanes.
  • the organic phase layers were concentrated to provide approximately 45 g of the crude product as an oil.
  • the crude product was purified by chromatography (gradient, 0% -25% ethyl acetate in heptanes, silicyle 800 g Si cartridge), providing approximately 22 g (0.082 mol, 46% yield) of pure 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one.
  • Another fraction of approximately 11 g of 6-(5-ethoxyhept-1-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one was obtained of lower purity (23% yield).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
  • Epoxy Compounds (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
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