US20150329931A1 - Method for storing discontinuously produced energy - Google Patents

Method for storing discontinuously produced energy Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150329931A1
US20150329931A1 US14/428,280 US201314428280A US2015329931A1 US 20150329931 A1 US20150329931 A1 US 20150329931A1 US 201314428280 A US201314428280 A US 201314428280A US 2015329931 A1 US2015329931 A1 US 2015329931A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
energy
intermediate product
produced
carbon
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Abandoned
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US14/428,280
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English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Eder
Thomas Bürgler
Peter Schwab
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Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
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Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE201210109284 external-priority patent/DE102012109284A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102013104002.0A external-priority patent/DE102013104002A1/de
Application filed by Voestalpine Stahl GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Assigned to VOESTALPINE STAHL GMBH reassignment VOESTALPINE STAHL GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BÜRGLER, Thomas, SCHWAB, PETER, EDER, WOLFGANG
Publication of US20150329931A1 publication Critical patent/US20150329931A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/004—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in a continuous way by reduction from ores
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0086—Conditioning, transformation of reduced iron ores
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/122—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by capturing or storing CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for storing discontinuously produced energy.
  • regenerative energy includes not only energy from renewable resources, but also energy generated from hydroelectric power, sunlight, and wind. Frequently, renewable resources can be used to produce energy continuously, for example in biomass power plants or biogas production plants.
  • the object of the present invention is to create a method for storing discontinuously produced energy.
  • the goal is not to use discontinuously produced energy in its originally produced form, but rather to use the energy for producing an easily storable intermediate product and thus to incorporate the energy into this intermediate product, with the intermediate product being a product that is required all over the world.
  • this intermediate product is produced and stored regardless of the demand for the intermediate product and then is supplied for further processing as needed. Since the production of the intermediate product requires large quantities of energy anyway, the energy consumption that would already occur in the production would be shifted in terms of time and location.
  • metal for example, in particular steel
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for all forms of industrial production in which a storable intermediate product is generated.
  • the storage of the discontinuously produced energy in this case does not require a feeding back from a storage reservoir—of whatever type—into the original energy, but instead the original energy is used in a practical way and stored in the intermediate product and additional energy does not have to be expended in order to produce the intermediate product at the production site of the end product.
  • FIG. 1 shows an overview of the method according to the invention in an exemplary embodiment (electric arc furnace);
  • FIG. 2 shows an overview of the method according to the invention in a second exemplary embodiment (LD process);
  • FIG. 3 schematically depicts the flows of materials and energy.
  • the intermediate product is an intermediate product whose production requires an expenditure of energy that is quite high, in particular intermediate products for which a smelting process and/or a reduction process is required, which is in particular carried out using electricity, e.g. by means of an electric arc.
  • this intermediate product can also be composed of iron directly reduced primarily from iron oxide carriers, e.g. in the form of a sponge iron or so-called hot briquetted iron (HBI).
  • HBI hot briquetted iron
  • Sponge irons in the form of HDRI, CDRI, and HBI usually undergo further processing in electric furnaces, which is extraordinarily energy-intensive.
  • the direct reduction is carried out using hydrogen and carbon monoxide from methane and synthesis gas if necessary.
  • MIDREX so-called MIDREX method
  • This method also emits CO 2 .
  • DE 198 53 747 C1 has disclosed a combined process for the direct reduction of fine ores in which the reduction is to be carried out with hydrogen or another reduction gas in a horizontal turbulence layer.
  • WO 2011/018124 has disclosed methods and systems for producing storable and transportable carbon-based energy sources using carbon dioxide and using regenerative electrical energy and fossil fuels.
  • a percentage of regeneratively produced methanol is prepared together with a percentage of methanol that is produced by means of non-regenerative electrical energy and/or by means of direct reduction and/or by means of partial oxidation and/or reforming.
  • the intermediate product for the steel production is produced using a hot furnace and a subsequent LD process or using an electric arc furnace with regenerative energy and is stored in this way.
  • a particular advantage is that the intermediate product produced by means of regenerative energy can be stored until it is processed further, which means that the method according to the invention permits a storage of regenerative energy.
  • this very storage of regenerative energy has presented a very large problem since in particular, electrical energy that is generated from wind or sun depends on climatic conditions that are not always the same. Even hydroelectrically generated electrical energy is not always available. Often, the consumers are not in the same locations as the production of regenerative energy.
  • This problem of storage and subsequent mobility of the stored energy is solved by means of the invention since the intermediate product produced according to the invention can be efficiently transported in small units and in any quantity to any location, for example by marine transport.
  • the energy in the method according to the invention is not in fact stored in a form that is accessible to virtually anyone and for general use from the storage reservoir; but the global demand for certain intermediate products is so high that according to the invention, the intermediate product constitutes the energy storage for other forms of energy demand, e.g. providing retail electricity customers with electrical energy from other sources or other storage reservoirs, thus permitting better management and planning of the total energy balance.
  • the method according to the invention can be used in regions of the world in which the raw material for the intermediate product and the corresponding discontinuously produced regenerative energy are present in the same location.
  • An example of this can be the magnesia storage facilities for the production of fused magnesia (e.g. for use in the flame retardant industry) that exist, for example, in Canada or China and correspondingly, the use of hydroelectric power or wind energy or (China) solar energy.
  • fused magnesia e.g. for use in the flame retardant industry
  • hydroelectric power or wind energy or (China) solar energy in iron ores that are to be transformed into the corresponding intermediate product with direct reduction methods, such locations e.g.
  • this electrical energy generated from wind, hydro, or solar energy is used to produce hydrogen from water by electrolysis.
  • a direct reduction system is operated, which is used for reducing iron ores - which are likewise particularly preferably completely prepared with electrical energy produced in this way.
  • the intermediate product obtained in this way in particular hot briquetted iron HBI, HDRI, or CDRI is an ideal way to store this regenerative energy, can be stored without restriction in large quantities, and is accessible via any form of transportation to a system for processing it further, particularly when it is needed there.
  • this intermediate product can be produced at its production site—in large quantities that exceed the present requirement—when the corresponding electrical energy is available in sufficient quantity. If this energy is not available, then there are sufficient quantities of the intermediate product and thus of the energy in a stored form in order to be able to meet the need.
  • the hydrogen from the regenerative processes can be used with carbon-containing or hydrogen-containing gas flows such as CH4, COG, synthesis gas etc., in a direct reduction system.
  • the ratio of hydrogen from the regenerative processes to carbon-containing or hydrogen-containing gas flows can be continuously varied as a function of availability. For example, if a very large amount of hydrogen is available, this can be used up to almost 100% for the direct reduction; if necessary, however, it is also possible to switch to purely carbon-containing or hydrogen-containing gas flows (for example natural gas, biogas, gas from pyrolysis, renewable resources).
  • the method is carried out so that regenerative energy, when present, is used to produce as much hydrogen as the existing energy permits and this hydrogen is used for the direct reduction.
  • carbon-containing or hydrogen-containing gas flows also include gas flows from biogas production and pyrolysis or synthesis gas from biomass, i.e. renewable resources.
  • This temporary storage of hydrogen can, for example, be provided by a gas holder and the adjustment of the contents of carbon-containing or hydrogen-containing gas flows can be carried out by means of a predictive control.
  • This predictive control can measure the predicted yield/production quantity of hydrogen or regenerative energy, but can also be used, for example, to estimate the production quantity of regenerative energy based on weather forecasts. Demand forecasts of other external consumers can also flow into this predictive control so that the electrical energy produced from regenerative sources is optimally used in the most economical fashion.
  • the temperatures of the gas flow that prevail in this case are adjusted by heating—for example with reformers, heaters, or partial oxidation—to 450° C. to 1200° C., preferably 600° C. to 1200° C., in particular 700° C. to 900° C. and then introduced into the direct reduction method in order to perform a chemical reaction there.
  • the gas flow that [sic] exits the direct reduction method can be fed back into the process as a carbon-containing or hydrogen-containing gas flow.
  • the resulting possible intermediate products according to the invention are HBI, HDRI, or CDRI.
  • excess pressures of 0 bar to 15 bar are adjusted.
  • excess pressures of approx. 1.5 bar are preferred in the MIDREX process and excess pressures of approximately 9 bar are preferred in the Energiron process.
  • the carbon content can be adjusted in an ideal fashion and in fact can be adjusted to 0.0005% to 6.3%, preferably 1% to 3%, and directly incorporated into the intermediate product as C or Fe 3 C.
  • An intermediate product of this kind is ideally adjusted in terms of the carbon content and is particularly well suited to further processing since it contributes the carbon content that is required for the metallurgical process.
  • this energy in order to compensate for temporary fluctuations in the production of renewable energy, this energy can be stored in the form of hydrogen if a surplus of it is available. This storage can occur, for example, in a gas holder. Such a store can then be used in the event of fluctuations.
  • Temporary fluctuations can be predictable, e.g. at night in solar installations, or unpredictable, e.g. fluctuations in wind intensity in wind energy plants.
  • Another possibility for compensating for fluctuations can lie in the variable use of natural gas.
  • the thermal state of the plant can thus be kept advantageously stable.
  • Another advantage of the invention lies in the spatial decoupling of the locations of the production of regenerative energy and the use of this stored energy.
  • solar power stations can be constructed in warmer regions with favorable amounts of solar radiation in which space is plentiful, whereas steel mills are often found in the vicinity of rivers or seas.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
US14/428,280 2012-09-14 2013-09-10 Method for storing discontinuously produced energy Abandoned US20150329931A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012108631.1 2012-09-14
DE102012108631 2012-09-14
DE102012109284.2 2012-09-28
DE201210109284 DE102012109284A1 (de) 2012-09-14 2012-09-28 Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Stahl und Verfahren zum Speichern diskontinuierlich anfallender Energie
DE102013104002.0A DE102013104002A1 (de) 2013-04-19 2013-04-19 Verfahren zum Aufheizen von Prozessgasen für Direktreduktionsanlagen
DE102013104002.0 2013-04-19
PCT/EP2013/068727 WO2014040990A2 (de) 2012-09-14 2013-09-10 Verfahren zum speichern diskontinuierlich anfallender energie

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US20150329931A1 true US20150329931A1 (en) 2015-11-19

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US14/428,206 Abandoned US20150259760A1 (en) 2012-09-14 2013-09-10 Method for producing steel
US14/428,280 Abandoned US20150329931A1 (en) 2012-09-14 2013-09-10 Method for storing discontinuously produced energy
US14/428,116 Abandoned US20150259759A1 (en) 2012-09-14 2013-09-10 Method for heating process gases for direct reduction systems

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US14/428,206 Abandoned US20150259760A1 (en) 2012-09-14 2013-09-10 Method for producing steel

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US14/428,116 Abandoned US20150259759A1 (en) 2012-09-14 2013-09-10 Method for heating process gases for direct reduction systems

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US (3) US20150259760A1 (zh)
EP (3) EP2895631B1 (zh)
JP (3) JP2015534604A (zh)
KR (3) KR20150063075A (zh)
CN (3) CN104662176A (zh)
ES (2) ES2952386T3 (zh)
FI (1) FI2895630T3 (zh)
WO (3) WO2014040997A1 (zh)

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SE2050508A1 (en) * 2020-05-04 2021-11-05 Hybrit Dev Ab Process for the production of carburized sponge iron
SE2051376A1 (en) * 2020-11-25 2022-05-26 Hybrit Dev Ab Process for the production of carburized sponge iron
SE2150068A1 (en) * 2021-01-22 2022-07-23 Hybrit Dev Ab Arrangement and process for charging iron ore to, and/or discharging sponge iron from, a direct reduction shaft
WO2022243726A1 (en) * 2021-05-18 2022-11-24 Arcelormittal A method for manufacturing direct reduced iron
EP4163402A1 (en) * 2021-10-07 2023-04-12 voestalpine Texas LLC Induction heating of dri
EP4194569A1 (en) * 2021-12-08 2023-06-14 Doosan Lentjes GmbH Method for handling particulate metal

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EP3670676A1 (de) * 2018-12-17 2020-06-24 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Verfahren und vorrichtung zur direktreduktion mit elektrisch aufgeheiztem reduktionsgas
CN111910036B (zh) * 2019-05-10 2022-05-03 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 一种利用生物质还原钒钛磁铁矿联产高品质合成气的方法
CN113874486B (zh) 2019-06-06 2023-02-24 米德雷克斯技术公司 利用氢气的直接还原工艺
US11952638B2 (en) * 2019-09-27 2024-04-09 Midrex Technologies, Inc. Direct reduction process utilizing hydrogen
SE2030072A1 (en) * 2020-03-10 2021-09-11 Hybrit Dev Ab Methanol as hydrogen carier in H-DRI process
CN115427588A (zh) * 2020-04-27 2022-12-02 杰富意钢铁株式会社 炼钢设备和还原铁的制造方法
DE102020116425A1 (de) 2020-06-22 2021-12-23 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Rohstahl mit niedrigem N-Gehalt
CN114525518B (zh) * 2020-11-09 2023-01-31 中国石油大学(北京) 一种利用可再生能源电的方法
SE2150180A1 (en) * 2021-02-19 2022-08-20 Luossavaara Kiirunavaara Ab Metal oxide material reduction means
SE545624C2 (en) * 2021-06-11 2023-11-14 Hybrit Dev Ab Process for the production of carburized sponge iron
KR20240011169A (ko) * 2021-06-14 2024-01-25 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 환원철의 제조 방법
SE545625C2 (en) 2021-07-07 2023-11-14 Hybrit Dev Ab Iron briquettes
DE102021128987A1 (de) 2021-11-08 2023-05-11 Rhm Rohstoff-Handelsgesellschaft Mbh Verfahren zum Umschmelzen von Eisenschwamm und/oder von heißgepresstem Eisenschwamm sowie von Schrott zu Rohstahl in einem Konverter
DE102022201918A1 (de) 2022-02-24 2023-08-24 Sms Group Gmbh Hüttentechnische Produktionsanlage und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb
SE2250421A1 (en) 2022-04-01 2023-10-02 Luossavaara Kiirunavaara Ab Method for producing steel and sponge iron manufacturing process
EP4373209A1 (de) 2022-11-15 2024-05-22 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Elektrische aufheizung von gas

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