US20150233081A1 - Cover - Google Patents

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Publication number
US20150233081A1
US20150233081A1 US14/426,897 US201314426897A US2015233081A1 US 20150233081 A1 US20150233081 A1 US 20150233081A1 US 201314426897 A US201314426897 A US 201314426897A US 2015233081 A1 US2015233081 A1 US 2015233081A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cover according
elevations
surface structure
individual elevations
individual
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/426,897
Inventor
Thomas Dau
Stephan Meier
Johanna Spicale
Marco Wenk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ACO Ahlmann SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH and Co KG filed Critical ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH and Co KG
Assigned to ACO SEVERIN AHLMANN GMBH & CO. KG reassignment ACO SEVERIN AHLMANN GMBH & CO. KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MEIER, STEPHAN, SPICALE, Johanna, DAU, THOMAS, WENK, Marco
Publication of US20150233081A1 publication Critical patent/US20150233081A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/12Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
    • E02D29/14Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
    • E02D29/1409Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers adjustable in height or inclination
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03FSEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/04Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
    • E03F5/06Gully gratings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/12Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
    • E02D29/14Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/12Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
    • E02D29/14Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
    • E02D29/1436Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers with overflow or explosion control means, e.g. check or relief valves
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03FSEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/02Manhole shafts or other inspection chambers; Snow-filling openings; accessories
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H4/00Swimming or splash baths or pools
    • E04H4/12Devices or arrangements for circulating water, i.e. devices for removal of polluted water, cleaning baths or for water treatment
    • E04H4/1209Treatment of water for swimming pools
    • E04H4/1218Devices for removal of polluted water; Circumferential gutters
    • E04H4/1227Circumferential gutters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cover of a structure that can be installed in the ground according to the preamble of Claim 1 .
  • Channels and shafts that are covered by covers are known structures for installation in the ground or (in particular) for the drainage of surfaces. These covers are partially driven over by motor vehicles; in particular, however, these are walked over by pedestrians. There is a risk of slipping and thus a risk of injury, in particular when it is wet or contamination has accumulated.
  • Covers in particular covering grates, are known in a plurality of embodiments.
  • DE 1 853 985 U, DE 20 2006 014 082 U1, DE 89 09 748 U1 or DE 1 876 986 U disclose covering grates that have been provided with a surface structure in the form of (wedge-shaped) slots or elevations having a triangular cross-section.
  • drainage covers according to the preamble of Claim 1 are known, for example from the German design patent M 9 505 847, which have elevations that are supposed to ensure slip resistance.
  • the known anti-slip structures provide sufficient anti-slip in interior areas, e.g. swimming pools, in which clean water without contamination particles wash over the covering grate.
  • interior areas e.g. swimming pools
  • contamination particles wash over the covering grate.
  • the known macro-structures e.g. these known corrugations
  • micro-structures grain become clogged up due to the entry of a mixture of contamination particles and water, and a sufficient anti-slip effect is no longer possible.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a cover of the type mentioned above, such that an increased slip resistance is ensured at the lowest possible expense.
  • a cover of a structure that can be installed in the ground, in particular a shaft, a point runoff, a drainage channel or similar drainage installation comprising a surface that can be walked over or driven over, having a planar structure in a first, lower plane, and having elevations with top surfaces of the elevations, which lie in a second, higher plane of the planar structure, in that the top surfaces of the elevations have an anti-slip surface structure, which comprise a plurality of individual elevations, wherein the ratio of the air volume below the individual elevations to the volume of the individual elevations Vv/Vm, is preferably (0.01 to 0.5)/(0.001 to 0.05), preferably (0.02 to 0.2)/(0.002 to 0.01).
  • the anti-sip structures are thus displaced vertically and upward from the actual covering later (the lower plane) so that significantly more contamination particles are needed to fill the space between the anti-slip structures and neutralize the anti-slip effect.
  • an essential aspect of the invention is that, even when contamination particles are introduced into the anti-slip surface structure, these can be easily washed away or displaced into the regions between the elevations as a result of people walking on the surface.
  • the individual elevations preferably have different maximum heights. This ensures that even in the case that contamination particles accumulate in the different height ranges of the anti-slip structures, these contamination particles themselves have different heights, and in this way, themselves exhibit an anti-slip effect.
  • the lower situated planar structure in the first, lower plane has an anti-slip surface structure, which is not as rough as the anti-slip surface structure of the top surfaces of the elevations.
  • the lower-lying planar structure may have a grain, for example, in order to achieve a specific visual effect, for example a casting effect, as well as in order to increase the roughness, and therefore may have the anti-slip characteristics of this planar structure.
  • This rated value (like the rated value in the subsequent description as well as in the claims) has been obtained from DIN EN ISO 25178. Explicit reference is made to this standard, wherein the measurement methods that result in the values described below are likewise described therein.
  • the distribution of the individual elevations or, respectively, the size thereof may be uniform. Preferably, however, a distribution will be selected in a random distribution across the surface so that higher and lower individual elevations are also provided within smaller areas.
  • the individual elevations may be provided in different shapes (when viewed as a horizontal section).
  • the individual elevations are preferably designed having a pyramidal shape or truncated pyramidal shape, however.
  • the above-mentioned size ranges have an effect such that on the one hand, injuries on these apexes rarely occur, and on the other hand, sufficient slip resistance and “self-cleaning effect” is achieved.
  • FIG. 1 a top view of a covering grate for a drainage channel
  • FIG. 2 a section along the II-II line from FIG. 1 and
  • FIG. 3 an enlarged detail of region III from FIG. 2 .
  • the embodiment of the grate 10 shown here has a support structure, which has a surface 11 that lies in a first, lower plane.
  • the surface 11 is interrupted by drainage openings 12 and forms a smooth, planar structure 13 .
  • the planar structure 13 is equipped with very little surface roughness, for example, such as that achieved on a surface that is created by means of plastic injection molding.
  • Rod-shaped elevations 14 are provided on this surface 11 , the top surfaces of the elevations 15 of which have the roughness described above, which is obtained by corresponding shaping of the injection mold, in particular in the case of injection molding.
  • the top surfaces of the elevations 15 comprise individual elevations 16 , which, as indicated in FIG. 3 , are created by individual pyramids having different heights and different apexes.
  • This shaping ensures that on the one hand, contamination particles that reach the elevations 14 can be easily rinsed away, and conveyed on the smooth, planar surface 13 .
  • the contamination particles on the other hand, are carried away from the smooth planar structure 13 into the drainage openings 12 , so that a kind of “self-cleaning effect” is created by the design selected here. Even when walking thereon, the accumulation of contamination particles as is reduced through the forces exerted, since these contamination particles are squeezed out over the top surfaces of the elevations 15 and conveyed on the planar structure 13 so that these may ultimately enter the drainage openings 12 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)

Abstract

Covers for structures, for example drainage channels or the like, which can be installed into a floor are known, said covers comprising a surface (11) which can be accessed and driven over and which comprises a flat structure (13) on a first lower plane and elevations (14) with top surfaces lying above the flat structure (13) on a second higher plane. The aim of the invention is to improve the non-slip properties and to achieve a self-cleaning effect This is achieved in that the top surfaces (15) have an anti-slip surface structure which comprises a plurality of individual elevations. The ratio of the air volume below the individual elevations (16) to the volume of the individual elevations (16) is Vv/Vm=(0.01 to 0.5)/(0.001 to 0.05).

Description

  • The invention relates to a cover of a structure that can be installed in the ground according to the preamble of Claim 1.
  • Channels and shafts that are covered by covers are known structures for installation in the ground or (in particular) for the drainage of surfaces. These covers are partially driven over by motor vehicles; in particular, however, these are walked over by pedestrians. There is a risk of slipping and thus a risk of injury, in particular when it is wet or contamination has accumulated.
  • Covers, in particular covering grates, are known in a plurality of embodiments. Thus, for example, DE 1 853 985 U, DE 20 2006 014 082 U1, DE 89 09 748 U1 or DE 1 876 986 U disclose covering grates that have been provided with a surface structure in the form of (wedge-shaped) slots or elevations having a triangular cross-section. In addition, drainage covers according to the preamble of Claim 1 are known, for example from the German design patent M 9 505 847, which have elevations that are supposed to ensure slip resistance.
  • The known configurations provide only limited anti-slip effect however. In particular when the covers are manufactured out of a plastic material, in particular injection molding, contamination occurs easily, which contributes to an increased risk of accident.
  • In addition, the known anti-slip structures provide sufficient anti-slip in interior areas, e.g. swimming pools, in which clean water without contamination particles wash over the covering grate. As soon as contamination particles reach the outer area of the covering grate however, the known macro-structures (e.g. these known corrugations) and micro-structures (grain) become clogged up due to the entry of a mixture of contamination particles and water, and a sufficient anti-slip effect is no longer possible.
  • The object of the invention is to provide a cover of the type mentioned above, such that an increased slip resistance is ensured at the lowest possible expense.
  • This object is achieved by a cover according to Claim 1.
  • This object is achieved, in particular by a cover of a structure that can be installed in the ground, in particular a shaft, a point runoff, a drainage channel or similar drainage installation, comprising a surface that can be walked over or driven over, having a planar structure in a first, lower plane, and having elevations with top surfaces of the elevations, which lie in a second, higher plane of the planar structure, in that the top surfaces of the elevations have an anti-slip surface structure, which comprise a plurality of individual elevations, wherein the ratio of the air volume below the individual elevations to the volume of the individual elevations Vv/Vm, is preferably (0.01 to 0.5)/(0.001 to 0.05), preferably (0.02 to 0.2)/(0.002 to 0.01).
  • The anti-sip structures are thus displaced vertically and upward from the actual covering later (the lower plane) so that significantly more contamination particles are needed to fill the space between the anti-slip structures and neutralize the anti-slip effect.
  • Thus an essential aspect of the invention is that, even when contamination particles are introduced into the anti-slip surface structure, these can be easily washed away or displaced into the regions between the elevations as a result of people walking on the surface.
  • The individual elevations preferably have different maximum heights. This ensures that even in the case that contamination particles accumulate in the different height ranges of the anti-slip structures, these contamination particles themselves have different heights, and in this way, themselves exhibit an anti-slip effect.
  • It is possible that the lower situated planar structure in the first, lower plane has an anti-slip surface structure, which is not as rough as the anti-slip surface structure of the top surfaces of the elevations. The lower-lying planar structure may have a grain, for example, in order to achieve a specific visual effect, for example a casting effect, as well as in order to increase the roughness, and therefore may have the anti-slip characteristics of this planar structure.
  • The maximum heights are preferably provided within a distribution within a range of Sz=150 μm to 1,500 μm, preferably between 230 μm to 1,000 μm. This rated value (like the rated value in the subsequent description as well as in the claims) has been obtained from DIN EN ISO 25178. Explicit reference is made to this standard, wherein the measurement methods that result in the values described below are likewise described therein.
  • The distribution of the individual elevations or, respectively, the size thereof may be uniform. Preferably, however, a distribution will be selected in a random distribution across the surface so that higher and lower individual elevations are also provided within smaller areas.
  • The individual elevations may be provided in different shapes (when viewed as a horizontal section). The individual elevations are preferably designed having a pyramidal shape or truncated pyramidal shape, however.
  • The maximum depression height of the individual elevations (they are also referred to as recess heights) is Sv=50 μm to 500 μm, preferably 85 μm to 310 μm. Surprisingly, this range has proven to be especially beneficial.
  • The roughness value of the surface structure is preferably Sa=10 μm to 200 μm, preferably 15 μm to 90 μm. The elongated appearance ratio (pursuant to DIN EN ISO 25178, also referred to as a developed transition surface ratio) of the surface structure is preferably Sdr=20 to 300%. The surface structure preferably has an apex density of Spd=0.5 to 20 mm−1, preferably 1 to 10 mm−1.
  • Surprisingly, the above-mentioned size ranges have an effect such that on the one hand, injuries on these apexes rarely occur, and on the other hand, sufficient slip resistance and “self-cleaning effect” is achieved.
  • The invention is described in greater detail below on the basis of the Figures. Shown are:
  • FIG. 1 a top view of a covering grate for a drainage channel,
  • FIG. 2 a section along the II-II line from FIG. 1 and
  • FIG. 3 an enlarged detail of region III from FIG. 2.
  • As can be seen in the Figures, the embodiment of the grate 10 shown here has a support structure, which has a surface 11 that lies in a first, lower plane. The surface 11 is interrupted by drainage openings 12 and forms a smooth, planar structure 13. Here, the planar structure 13 is equipped with very little surface roughness, for example, such as that achieved on a surface that is created by means of plastic injection molding.
  • Rod-shaped elevations 14 are provided on this surface 11, the top surfaces of the elevations 15 of which have the roughness described above, which is obtained by corresponding shaping of the injection mold, in particular in the case of injection molding. Here, the top surfaces of the elevations 15 comprise individual elevations 16, which, as indicated in FIG. 3, are created by individual pyramids having different heights and different apexes.
  • This shaping ensures that on the one hand, contamination particles that reach the elevations 14 can be easily rinsed away, and conveyed on the smooth, planar surface 13. The contamination particles, on the other hand, are carried away from the smooth planar structure 13 into the drainage openings 12, so that a kind of “self-cleaning effect” is created by the design selected here. Even when walking thereon, the accumulation of contamination particles as is reduced through the forces exerted, since these contamination particles are squeezed out over the top surfaces of the elevations 15 and conveyed on the planar structure 13 so that these may ultimately enter the drainage openings 12.
  • REFERENCE CHARACTERS
      • 10 cover
      • 11 surface
      • 12 drainage opening
      • 13 planar structure
      • 14 elevation
      • 15 top surface of the elevation
      • 16 individual elevation

Claims (25)

1-10. (canceled)
11. A cover of a structure that can be installed in the ground, in particular a shaft, a point runoff, a drainage channel or a similar drainage installation, comprising a surface (11) that can be walked over or driven over, having a planar structure (13) in a first, lower plane and elevations (14) having top surfaces of the elevations (15), which lie in a second, higher plane above the planar structure (13), wherein the top surfaces of the elevations (15) have an anti-slip surface structure, which comprises a plurality of individual elevations (16) and which is rougher than the lower situated planar structure (13), characterized in that the ratio of the air volume below the individual elevations (16) to the volume of the individual elevations (16) is Vv/Vm=(0.01 to 0.5)/(0.001 to 0.05).
12. The cover according to claim 11, characterized in that the ratio of the air volume below the individual elevations (16) to the volume of the individual elevations (16) is Vv/Vm=(0.02 to 0.2)/(0.002 to 0.01).
13. The cover according to claim 11, characterized in that the individual elevations (16) have different maximum heights.
14. The cover according to claim 12, characterized in that the individual elevations (16) have different maximum heights.
15. The cover according to claim 13, characterized in that the maximum heights are provided in a distribution within a range of Sz=150 μm to 1.500 μm, preferably 230 μm to 1.000 μm.
16. The cover according to claim 14, characterized in that the maximum heights are provided in a distribution within a range of Sz=150 μm to 1.500 μm, preferably 230 μm to 1.000 μm.
17. The cover according to claim 15, characterized in that the distribution is a random distribution.
18. The cover according to claim 16, characterized in that the distribution is a random distribution.
19. The cover according to claim 17, characterized in that the individual elevations (16) are designed having a pyramidal shape or truncated pyramidal shape.
20. The cover according to claim 18, characterized in that the individual elevations (16) are designed having a pyramidal shape or truncated pyramidal shape.
21. The cover according to claim 11, characterized in that the individual elevations (16) are designed having a pyramidal shape or truncated pyramidal shape.
22. The cover according to claim 19, characterized in that the individual elevations (16) have a maximum depression height of Sv=50 μm to 500 μm, preferably 85 μm to 310 μm.
23. The cover according to claim 20, characterized in that the individual elevations (16) have a maximum depression height of Sv=50 μm to 500 μm, preferably 85 μm to 310 μm.
24. The cover according to claim 21, characterized in that the individual elevations (16) have a maximum depression height of Sv=50 μm to 500 μm, preferably 85 μm to 310 μm.
25. The cover according to claim 22, characterized in that the roughness value of the surface structure is Sa=10 μm to 200 μm, preferably 15 μm to 90 μm.
26. The cover according to claim 23, characterized in that the roughness value of the surface structure is Sa=10 μm to 200 μm, preferably 15 μm to 90 μm.
27. The cover according to claim 24, characterized in that the roughness value of the surface structure is Sa=10 μm to 200 μm, preferably 15 μm to 90 μm.
28. The cover according to claim 11, characterized in that the roughness value of the surface structure is Sa=10 μm to 200 μm, preferably 15 μm to 90 μm.
29. The cover according to claim 25, characterized in that the elongated appearance ratio of the surface structure is Sdr 10 to 500%, preferably 20 to 300%.
30. The cover according to claim 26, characterized in that the elongated appearance ratio of the surface structure is Sdr 10 to 500%, preferably 20 to 300%.
31. The cover according to claim 27, characterized in that the elongated appearance ratio of the surface structure is Sdr 10 to 500%, preferably 20 to 300%.
32. The cover according to claim 28, characterized in that the elongated appearance ratio of the surface structure is Sdr 10 to 500%, preferably 20 to 300%.
33. The cover according to claim 11, characterized in that the elongated appearance ratio of the surface structure is Sdr 10 to 500%, preferably 20 to 300%.
34. The cover according to claim 11, characterized in that the surface structure has an apex density of Spd=0.5 to 20 mm−1, preferably 1 to 10 mm−1.
US14/426,897 2012-09-10 2013-09-09 Cover Abandoned US20150233081A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012108392.4 2012-09-10
DE102012108392.4A DE102012108392A1 (en) 2012-09-10 2012-09-10 cover
PCT/EP2013/068537 WO2014037544A1 (en) 2012-09-10 2013-09-09 Cover

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20150233081A1 true US20150233081A1 (en) 2015-08-20

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ID=49165727

Family Applications (1)

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US14/426,897 Abandoned US20150233081A1 (en) 2012-09-10 2013-09-09 Cover

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US (1) US20150233081A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2904166B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6082465B2 (en)
CN (1) CN104619931B (en)
AU (1) AU2013311585B2 (en)
BR (1) BR112015005174B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102012108392A1 (en)
DK (1) DK2904166T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2748839T3 (en)
LT (1) LT2904166T (en)
MX (1) MX355656B (en)
PL (1) PL2904166T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2614586C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2014037544A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA201501818B (en)

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RU2614586C2 (en) 2017-03-28
AU2013311585A1 (en) 2015-04-23
AU2013311585B2 (en) 2017-07-06
DE102012108392A1 (en) 2014-05-28
MX355656B (en) 2018-04-26
MX2015001029A (en) 2015-07-23
BR112015005174B1 (en) 2021-05-25
EP2904166B1 (en) 2019-08-28
CN104619931B (en) 2017-03-08
CN104619931A (en) 2015-05-13
LT2904166T (en) 2019-10-25
JP2015532954A (en) 2015-11-16
DK2904166T3 (en) 2019-11-18
ES2748839T3 (en) 2020-03-18
ZA201501818B (en) 2016-06-29
JP6082465B2 (en) 2017-02-15
EP2904166A1 (en) 2015-08-12
PL2904166T3 (en) 2020-05-18
WO2014037544A1 (en) 2014-03-13
RU2015113018A (en) 2016-10-27
BR112015005174A2 (en) 2017-07-04

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