US20150108698A1 - Method for operating a vacuum melting system, and vacuum melting system operated according to said method - Google Patents

Method for operating a vacuum melting system, and vacuum melting system operated according to said method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150108698A1
US20150108698A1 US14/391,943 US201314391943A US2015108698A1 US 20150108698 A1 US20150108698 A1 US 20150108698A1 US 201314391943 A US201314391943 A US 201314391943A US 2015108698 A1 US2015108698 A1 US 2015108698A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
pan
sound pick
borne sound
depth
melting system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/391,943
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English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Matschullat
Detlef Rieger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Primetals Technologies Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MATSCHULLAT, THOMAS, RIEGER, DETLEF
Publication of US20150108698A1 publication Critical patent/US20150108698A1/en
Assigned to PRIMETALS TECHNOLOGIES GERMANY GMBH reassignment PRIMETALS TECHNOLOGIES GERMANY GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4673—Measuring and sampling devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/076—Use of slags or fluxes as treating agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C2005/5288—Measuring or sampling devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C2300/00—Process aspects
    • C21C2300/02—Foam creation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F27D2019/0006—Monitoring the characteristics (composition, quantities, temperature, pressure) of at least one of the gases of the kiln atmosphere and using it as a controlling value
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F27D2019/0028—Regulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • F27D21/04—Arrangements of indicators or alarms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a vacuum melting system.
  • the invention also relates to a vacuum melting system operated according to said method.
  • VD vacuum melting system
  • VOD Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization
  • the process duration i.e. the period of time until the desired content of disruptive accompanying elements is reached, substantially depends on the rate with which the process gases are blown into the steel melt.
  • a feeding rate which is too low can lead to the temperature of the steel melts falling so far before the desired content of disruptive accompanying elements is reached that reheating of the steel melt in the pan or a complete post processing of the melt is required.
  • a high feeding rate however, especially with vacuum oxygen decarburization, can lead to an overcooking or overfoaming of the melt, which is associated with a considerable and time-consuming subsequent cleaning effort.
  • the rate with which the process gas is fed to the steel melt is set manually in such cases by the operator observing the surface image of the melt and thus the height of the foamed slag in the pan by a camera and controlling the feeding rate accordingly.
  • the process control is accordingly dependent on the experience and the attentiveness of an operator, so that incorrect or inefficient process controls cannot be avoided with any certainty.
  • incorrect operating states such as can be caused for example by leakages of the vacuum system, will only be recognized with great difficulty or recognized very late.
  • One possible object is therefore to specify a method for operating a vacuum melting system for metallurgical treatment of a steel melt, with which the process security is improved. Another potential object is to specify a vacuum melting system operated with this method.
  • the inventors propose a method in which acoustic signals created in the pan are picked up by at least one structure-born sound pick-up coupled acoustically indirectly or directly to the pan accommodating the steel melt and are employed for determining the height or the depth of the foamed slag located in the pan above the melt bed of the steel melt.
  • Height of the foamed slag is to be understood below as the location of the upper level of the foamed slag relative to a fixed reference point of the vacuum melting system. This can for example be the distance between the floor of the pan and the upper level.
  • the height of the foamed slag is substantially determined in this case by its depth, since the height of the actual steel melt is practically constant.
  • Such overcooking or overfoaming can especially be safely prevented if the temporal differential quotient of the height or the depth of the foamed slag is determined. In this way a rapid rise in the height of the foamed slag is recognized in good time.
  • the determined height of depth and/or its temporal differential quotient is employed for regulating the height of the foamed slag by controlling the feeding of a process gas into the pan. In this way the entire post-processing process executing in a vacuum system can be stabilized accordingly.
  • the acoustic signals are also used for detection of a leakage in the vacuum melting system.
  • the inventors also propose a vacuum melting system that has at least one structure-born sound pick up acoustically coupled indirectly or directly to the pan for picking up the acoustic signals created in the pan and also a control and evaluation device with an algorithm implemented therein for determining the height or the depth and/or the temporal differential quotient of said height or depth of the foamed slag located in the pan above the melt bath from the acoustic signals picked up by the structure-born sound pick-up or pick-ups.
  • the at least one structure-borne sound pick-up is fixed to the pan, the sound signals arising within the pan can be registered with high sensitivity.
  • the height or depth of the slag can be determined especially precisely if the at least one structure-borne sound pick-up is disposed in an upper area of the pan.
  • the FIGURE is a diagram of the vacuum melting system.
  • a vacuum melting system comprises a vacuum vessel 2 , which is sealed with a cover 4 .
  • a pan 6 filled with a steel melt, to the underside of which a plurality of gas feed lines 8 for feeding process gas P1 are connected, of which only one is shown in the FIGURE for reasons of clarity.
  • Vacuum vessel 2 and cover 4 accordingly form a system part surrounding the pan 6 .
  • FIG. 1 Shown as dashed lines is the form of embodiment of the so-called VOD vacuum melting system, in which oxygen can be introduced into the pan 6 as a further process gas P2 via a further gas feed line 10 .
  • the pan 6 is additionally covered by a protective cover 12 with which the ejection of slag by overfoaming can be reduced.
  • structure-borne sound pick-ups 30 - 1 , 30 - 2 , 30 - 3 and 30 - 4 Disposed on both the outer wall of the pan 6 and also on the wall of the vacuum vessel 2 , as well as on the cover 4 of the vacuum vessel 2 , are structure-borne sound pick-ups 30 - 1 , 30 - 2 , 30 - 3 and 30 - 4 , with which the acoustic signals created within and in the vicinity of the pan 6 , by a vacuum pump for example, are picked up.
  • the measurement signals MI, M 2 , M 3 or M 4 provided by the structure-borne sound pick-ups 30 - 1 , 30 - 2 , 30 - 3 and 30 - 4 in each case are forwarded to the control and evaluation device 40 in which they are evaluated and employed for determination of the height H or the depth d of the foamed slag 18 .
  • the structure-borne sound pick-ups 30 - 3 , 30 - 4 can also be disposed within the vacuum vessel 2 . They are not coupled acoustically directly to the wall of the pan 6 . Instead the acoustic signals created in the pan 6 are transmitted via corresponding structures to the wall of the vacuum vessel 2 or to the cover 4 .
  • the structure-borne sound pick-ups 30 - 1 , 30 - 2 disposed on the outer wall of the pan 6 and coupled acoustically directly to the wall of the pan the 6 are removable, i.e. fixed releasably to the pan 6 and are only coupled to the pan 6 with quick-release fastenings after insertion of the pan 6 into the vacuum vessel 2 .
  • the sound arising in the pan 6 from blowing the process gas P1, P2 into the steel melt propagates within the melt bath 14 and within the foamed slag 18 outwards to the wall, wherein the foamed slag 18 has a sound deadening effect.
  • the depth d of the foamed slag 18 and its height H or location within the pan 6 significantly influences the sound signal, especially picked up by the structure-borne sound pick-up 30 - 1 disposed in the upper area of the pan 6 .
  • the created measurement signals MI, M 2 , M 3 and M 4 are subjected to signal analysis in the evaluation device 40 and the height of the foamed slag is determined with the assistance of a self-learning physical model. To do this the measurement signals MI, M 2 , M 3 and M 4 are subjected to a fast Fourier transformation for example.
  • the frequency spectra generated in this way are compared with frequency spectra which have been measured in a preceding learning phase for different operating states of the vacuum melting system, especially at different pressure in the vacuum vessel 2 , different feed rate of the process gases P1, P2 and also different heights of the foamed slag determined by recording with the camera.
  • the height H and especially the depth d of the foamed slag 18 or of its temporal differential quotient dH/dt or dd/dt respectively can then be determined, without observation with a camera being required for this.
  • Control signals S 1 and S 2 with which the feeding rate of the process gases P1, P2 is controlled, are created in the control and evaluation device 40 as a function of the determined height H or depth d and preferably of the determined differential quotients, to regulate the height of the foamed slag 18 to a constant value or at least to prevent an overfoaming of foamed slag 18 .
  • a plurality of structure-born sound pick-ups are provided both on the pan 6 and also on the vacuum vessel 2 .
  • the method can also be performed with a single structure-borne sound pick-up 30 - 1 , preferably disposed in the upper area of the pan.
  • the occurrence of operating states caused by leakages for example a cover 4 not being correctly closed, can be recognized in good time and the corresponding deficiency accordingly rapidly rectified.
  • different operating states are set in the learning phase before the actual commissioning, for example operation of the vacuum system with correct and incorrectly closed cover, intentional setting of leakages, and the corresponding structure-born sound signals recorded.
  • the frequency spectra of the measurement signals MI, M 2 , M 3 and M 4 obtained in this learning phase or stored as typical patterns, so that by comparing a frequency spectrum measured in real operation with the stored patterns, the occurrence and the cause, i.e. the location of a leakage can be established.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
US14/391,943 2012-04-11 2013-03-21 Method for operating a vacuum melting system, and vacuum melting system operated according to said method Abandoned US20150108698A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20120163717 EP2650387A1 (de) 2012-04-11 2012-04-11 Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Vakuumschmelzanlage und nach diesem Verfahren betriebene Vakuumschmelzanlage
EP12163717.7 2012-04-11
PCT/EP2013/055949 WO2013152936A1 (de) 2012-04-11 2013-03-21 Verfahren zum betreiben einer vakuumschmelzanlage und nach diesem verfahren betriebene vakuumschmelzanlage

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US20150108698A1 true US20150108698A1 (en) 2015-04-23

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US14/391,943 Abandoned US20150108698A1 (en) 2012-04-11 2013-03-21 Method for operating a vacuum melting system, and vacuum melting system operated according to said method
US14/391,361 Abandoned US20150091223A1 (en) 2012-04-11 2013-03-21 Method for operating a vacuum melting system and vacuum melting system operated according to the method

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US14/391,361 Abandoned US20150091223A1 (en) 2012-04-11 2013-03-21 Method for operating a vacuum melting system and vacuum melting system operated according to the method

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (2) US20150108698A1 (zh)
EP (3) EP2650387A1 (zh)
KR (2) KR20140145591A (zh)
CN (2) CN104245966B (zh)
PL (1) PL2823070T3 (zh)
RU (2) RU2014145229A (zh)
WO (2) WO2013152938A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2650387A1 (de) * 2012-04-11 2013-10-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Vakuumschmelzanlage und nach diesem Verfahren betriebene Vakuumschmelzanlage
CN106871643B (zh) * 2017-04-11 2019-03-05 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 钛渣冶炼炉及其监控方法
BR112020016236A2 (pt) * 2018-02-15 2020-12-15 Tata Steel Nederland Technology B.V. Método para controlar espumação de escória em um processo de fusão
CN113061684B (zh) * 2021-03-11 2022-04-22 莱芜钢铁集团银山型钢有限公司 一种基于音频化渣的转炉动态底吹方法

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US5557631A (en) * 1994-05-06 1996-09-17 Dynex Engineering Inc. Sonic furnace monitoring apparatus
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US4098128A (en) * 1974-10-31 1978-07-04 ARBED -- Acieries Reunies de Burbach-Eich-Dudelange S.A. Method of and apparatus for monitoring slag thickness in refining crucible
US4530102A (en) * 1982-08-25 1985-07-16 British Steel Corporation Lancing in electric arc steelmaking
US5557631A (en) * 1994-05-06 1996-09-17 Dynex Engineering Inc. Sonic furnace monitoring apparatus
US20150091223A1 (en) * 2012-04-11 2015-04-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a vacuum melting system and vacuum melting system operated according to the method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2014145229A (ru) 2016-05-27
WO2013152938A1 (de) 2013-10-17
CN104245967A (zh) 2014-12-24
RU2014145206A (ru) 2016-06-10
KR20140145591A (ko) 2014-12-23
RU2630111C2 (ru) 2017-09-05
EP2823070B1 (de) 2017-06-07
US20150091223A1 (en) 2015-04-02
PL2823070T3 (pl) 2017-11-30
EP2650387A1 (de) 2013-10-16
CN104245966B (zh) 2016-03-16
KR20140145592A (ko) 2014-12-23
WO2013152936A1 (de) 2013-10-17
EP2823070A1 (de) 2015-01-14
CN104245967B (zh) 2016-06-01
CN104245966A (zh) 2014-12-24
EP2823071A1 (de) 2015-01-14

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Effective date: 20160406

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

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