Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
  • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
  • C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
  • C21D2211/003—Cementite
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
  • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
  • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a high carbon hot rolled steel sheet having excellent press formability and hardenability and a method for manufacturing the same.
• automotive parts e.g., gears, transmissions, and seat recliners
• hot rolled steel sheets which are carbon steels for machine structural use specified in JIS G 4051
• cold press forming into predetermined shapes and applying a hardening treatment to ensure a predetermined hardness.
• a steel sheet as a material is required to have excellent press formability and hardenability, and various high carbon hot rolled steel sheets have been proposed previously.
• Patent Literature 1 discloses a hot rolled steel sheet having excellent impact properties after hardening and containing, as steel components, C: 0.10% to 0.37%, Si: 1% or less, Mn: 1.4% or less, P: 0.1% or less, S: 0.03% or less, sol.
• Al 0.01% to 0.1%
• N 0.0005% to 0.0050%
• Ti 0.005% to 0.05%
• B 0.0003% to 0.0050%
• Patent Literature 2 discloses a method for manufacturing a tempering free Ti-B bearing high carbon steel sheet having excellent formability and toughness, the method including the steps of plastic working a hot rolled steel sheet having a sheet thickness of 6 mm or less and a steel composition containing C: 0.15% to 0.40%, Si 0.35%, Mn: 0.6% to 1.50%, P 0.03%, S 0.020%, Ti: 0.005% to 0.1%, sol.
• Al 0.01% to 0.20%, N: 0.0020% to 0.012%, B: 0.0003% to 0.0030%, and the remainder composed of substantially Fe, on a percent by mass basis, where B ⁇ 0.0032 ⁇ 0.014 ⁇ sol.
• Al ⁇ 0.029 ⁇ Ti is satisfied, performing heat soaking in a temperature range of Ac 3 to 950° C., and performing quenching in water or oil.
• Patent Literature 3 discloses a high carbon hot rolled steel sheet having a composition containing C: 0.20% to 0.48%, Si: 0.1% or less, Mn: 0.20% to 0.60%, P: 0.02% or less, S: 0.01% or less, sol.
• Al 0.1% or less, N: 0.005% or less, Ti: 0.005% to 0.05%, B: 0.0005% to 0.003%, Cr: 0.05% to 0.3%, and the remainder composed of Fe and incidental impurities, on a percent by mass basis, where Ti ⁇ (48/14)N ⁇ 0.005 (in the formula, the symbols of elements express percent by mass of the contents of the respective elements) is satisfied, and a microstructure in which a ferrite average grain size is 6 ⁇ m or less, a carbide average grain size is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and less than 1.20 ⁇ m, and a volume fraction of ferrite grains substantially not containing carbide is 5% or less.
• Patent Literatures 1 to 3 degradation in the ductility and decrease in the hardness of a surface layer portions of the steel sheet after hardening are observed, and it is difficult to provide excellent press formability and excellent hardenability stably.
• the present inventors performed intensive studies to achieve the above-described objects and, as a result, found the following.
• the steel sheet becomes soft, the ductility is improved certainly, and excellent press formability is obtained stably by establishing a microstructure composed of ferrite and carbides, specifying the average grain size of the ferrite to be 10 to 20 ⁇ m, and specifying the spheroidization ratio of the carbides to be 90% or more.
• the average amount of N in a surface layer portion of the steel sheet becomes 0.1 percent by mass or more, decrease in the hardness of the surface layer portion of the steel sheet after hardening is suppressed, and excellent hardenability can be obtained stably by specifying the amount of Al to be 0.1 percent by mass or more and performing annealing to spheroidize carbides in an atmosphere primarily containing a nitrogen gas (hereafter simply referred to as spheroidizing annealing).
• the present invention has been made on the basis of the above-described findings, and includes providing a high carbon hot rolled steel sheet having a chemical composition containing by massa, C: 0.20% to 0.48%, Si: 0.1% or less, Mn: 0.5% or less, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.1% to 0.6%, Cr: 0.05% to 0.5%, B: 0.0005% to 0.0050%, Ca: 0.0010% to 0.0050%, and the remainder composed of Fe and incidental impurities, on a percent by mass basis, where the average amount of N in a surface layer portion from the surface to the position at a depth of 0.1 mm in thickness direction is 0.1% or more and the average amount of N in the central portion in thickness is 0.01% or less, and a microstructure composed of ferrite and carbides, wherein the average grain size of the above-described ferrite is 10 to 20 ⁇ m and the spheroidization ratio of the above-described carbides is 90% or more.
• the high carbon hot rolled steel sheet according to the present invention further contains by mass %, 2% or less in total of at least one of Cu, Ni, and No and 0.10% or less in total of at least one of Ti and V, on a percent by mass basis, individually or together.
• the high carbon hot rolled steel sheet according to the present invention is produced by rough rolling the steel having the above-described chemical composition, performing hot rolling at a hot rolling finishing temperature of 850° C. to 950° C., performing coiling at a coiling temperature of 500° C. or higher, performing pickling, and performing spheroidizing annealing at an annealing temperature of 680° C. or higher and the Ac 1 transformation point or lower in an atmosphere containing 50 percent by volume or more of nitrogen gas.
• a high carbon hot rolled steel sheet can be manufactured, wherein excellent press formability and excellent hardenability, in particular, hardenability of a surface layer portion of the steel sheet, are provided stably.
• the high carbon hot rolled steel sheet according to the present invention is suitable for automotive parts, e.g., gears, transmissions, and seat recliners.
• % which is the unit of the content of component refers to “percent by mass” unless otherwise specified.
• Carbon is an element important for obtaining the hardness after hardening. It is necessary that the amount of C be at least 0.20% in order to obtain hardness required of automotive parts after press forming and hardening. On the other hand, if the amount of C is more than 0.48%, increase in hardness and reduction in ductility are facilitated and the press formability is degraded. Therefore, the amount of C is specified to be 0.20% to 0.48%, and preferably 0.26% to 0.48%.
• the amount of Si is specified to be 0.1% or less, and preferably 0.05% or less.
• the amount of Si may be 0 (zero) with no problem.
• the amount of Mn is specified to be 0.5% or less, and preferably 0.4% or less.
• the amount of Mn may be 0 (zero) with no problem, although the amount of Mn is specified to be preferably 0.2% or more for the purpose of suppressing precipitation of graphite.
• the amount of P is specified to be 0.03% or less, and preferably 0.02% or less.
• the amount of P may be 0 (zero) with no problem, although the amount of P is specified to be preferably 0.005% or more for the purpose of suppressing an increase in the cost.
• the amount of S is specified to be 0.01% or less, and preferably 0.005% or less.
• the amount of S may be 0 (zero) with no problem.
• Aluminum has a large chemical affinity for N and, therefore, N absorption is facilitated in such a way that the average amount of N in the surface layer portion of the steel sheet becomes 0.1% or more in performing spheroidizing annealing in an atmosphere primarily containing a nitrogen gas, decrease in the hardness of the surface layer of the steel sheet portion after hardening is suppressed, and the hardenability is improved.
• the amount of Al is specified to be 0.1% or more.
• the amount of Al is specified to be 0.1% to 0.6%.
• Chromium not only enhances the hardenability but also suppresses generation of graphite harmful to the hardenability.
• the amount of Cr is specified to be 0.05% or more.
• the amount of Cr is specified to be 0.05% to 0.5%.
• B Boron enhances the hardenability.
• the amount of B is specified to be 0.0005% or more.
• the amount of B is specified to be 0.0005% to 0.0050%.
• Average amount of N in surface layer portion from the surface to the position at a depth of 0.1 mm in thickness direction 0.1% or more
• N absorption is facilitated in such a way that the average amount of N in the surface layer portion of the steel sheet becomes 0.1% or more when the amount of Al is specified to be 0.1% or more and spheroidizing annealing is performed in an atmosphere primarily containing a nitrogen gas. Consequently, in the surface layer portion, the amount of solute N increases in the hardening treatment, not only the hardenability but also the hardness after hardening increases, so that decrease in the hardness of the surface layer portion of the steel sheet after hardening can be prevented.
• the surface layer portion refers to the whole region from the surface to the position at a depth of 0.1 mm in the sheet thickness direction.
• Average amount of N in the sheet thickness central portion 0.01% or less
• the average amount of N in the central portion in thickness is specified to be 0.01% or less.
• the average amount of N in the central portion in thickness refers to the amount of N in the steel sheet before spheroidizing annealing.
• the central portion in thickness is specified to be a portion between the position at one-quarter of the sheet thickness and the position at three-quarters of the sheet thickness.
• the amount of N may be 0 (zero) with no problem, although the amount of N is specified to be preferably 0.001% or more in consideration of the cost.
• the remainder is composed of Fe and incidental impurities. It is possible to contain 2% or less in total of at least one of Cu, Ni, and Mo for the purpose of facilitating spheroidization of carbides and improving the hardenability and further or independently contain 0.10% or less in total of at least one of Ti and V for the purpose of suppressing generation of graphite and improving the hardenability.
• a microstructure composed of the ferrite and carbides is advantageously established by performing spheroidizing annealing after the hot rolling for the purpose of improving the press formability.
• the average grain size of the ferrite is specified to be 10 to 20 ⁇ m and the spheroidization ratio of the carbides is specified to be 90% or more to provide excellent press formability and hardenability.
• the average grain size of the ferrite was an . arithmetic average of grain sizes of 10 places determined by polishing a cross-section in thickness along the rolling direction of the steel sheet, etching with nital, observing 10 places in the vicinity of the central portion in thickness by using a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 1,000 times, and determining the grain size at each place by a cutting method in conformity with JIS G 0552: 1998.
• the ratio a/b of the maximum grain size a to the minimum grain size b of carbide was calculated at each place, and the proportion (%) of the number of grains of the carbide having the a/b of 3 or less to the whole number of grains of the carbide was determined and an arithmetic average of 10 places was taken as the spheroidization ratio of the carbides.
• Hot rolling finishing temperature 850° C. to 950° C.
• the steel having the above-described chemical composition is made into a steel sheet having a predetermined sheet thickness by being subjected to hot rolling composed of rough rolling and finish rolling.
• the hot rolling finishing temperature is lower than 850° C., austenite grains become fine in rolling, so that the average grain size of the ferrite after spheroidizing annealing becomes less than 10 ⁇ m.
• the hot rolling finishing temperature is higher than 950° C., the average grain size of the ferrite becomes more than 20 ⁇ m. Therefore, the hot rolling finishing temperature is specified to be 850° C. to 950° C.
• Coiling temperature 500° C. or higher
• the steel sheet after hot rolling is coiled. If the coiling temperature is lower than 500° C., the average grain size of the ferrite and carbides after the spheroidizing annealing becomes fine, so that the press formability is degraded because of increase in hardness and reduction in ductility. Therefore, the coiling temperature is specified to be 500° C. or higher. In this regard, in order to avoid degradation in surface quality due to scales, the coiling temperature is specified to be preferably 750° C. or lower.
• Spheroidizing annealing annealing temperature of 680° C. or higher and Ac 1 transformation point or lower in atmosphere containing 50 percent by volume or more of nitrogen gas
• the steel sheet after coiling is subjected to scale removal through pickling and to spheroidizing annealing at an annealing temperature of 680° C. or higher and the Ac 1 transformation point or lower in an atmosphere containing 50 percent by volume or more of nitrogen gas in order to spheroidize carbides, ensure a predetermined average grain size of ferrite, and specify the average amount of N in the surface layer of the steel sheet portion to be 0.1% or more.
• the amount of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere is less than 50 percent by volume, it is not possible to specify the average amount of N in a surface layer portion from the surface to the position at a depth of 0.1 mm in thickness direction to be 0.1% or more.
• the annealing temperature is lower than 680° C., it is not possible to make the spheroidization ratio of the carbides 90% or more.
• the annealing temperature is higher than the Ac 1 transformation point, an austenite phase is generated in the heating, pearlite is generated in the cooling, and the press formability is degraded. Therefore, it is necessary that the spheroidizing annealing be performed at an annealing temperature of 680° C. or higher and the Ac 1 transformation point or lower in an atmosphere containing 50 percent by volume or more of nitrogen gas.
• the annealing time in which the above-described temperature is maintained is preferably 20 to 40 hours.
• the Ac 1 transformation point can be determined from, for example, a change point of a thermal expansion curve determined on the basis of a formastor experiment at a heating rate of 100° C./hr.
• either a convertor or an electric furnace can be used.
• the thus melted high carbon steel is made into a slab by ingot making-blooming or continuous casting.
• the slab is usually heated and, thereafter, is hot-rolled.
• direct rolling may be applied, where rolling is performed on an as-is basis or while heat is retained to suppress a decrease in temperature.
• the slab heating temperature is specified to be preferably 1,280° C. or lower to avoid degradation in the surface quality due to scales.
• the member to be rolled may be heated by a heating device, e.g., a sheet bar heater, during the hot rolling in order to ensure the hot rolling finishing temperature.
• Hot rolled steel sheets of Samples 1 to 14 having a sheet thickness of 3.0 mm were produced by melting steels having the chemical compositions of Steels A to M shown in Table 1, performing hot rolling under the hot rolling conditions shown in Table 2, performing pickling, and performing spheroidizing annealing at annealing temperatures shown in Table 2 in an atmosphere containing 95 percent by volume of nitrogen and 5 percent by volume of hydrogen.
• the amounts of N in the surface layer portions of the thus produced steel sheets were analyzed and, in addition, the average grain sizes of the ferrite and the spheroidization ratios of the carbides were determined by the above-described methods. Meanwhile, a JIS No. 13B tensile test piece was taken in a direction parallel to the rolling direction, and the tensile strength TS and the total elongation El were determined. Furthermore, a test piece of width 50 mm x length 50 mm was taken. A hardening treatment was performed, where the test piece was heated at 870° C.
• the press formability was evaluated on the basis of El and the hardenability was evaluated on the basis of HRC of the surface layer portion of the steel sheet. Both El and HRC exhibit large dependence on the amount of C and, therefore, the press formability and the hardenability were evaluated as excellent when E1 ⁇ 42% and HRC ⁇ 35 at C: 0.20%, E1 ⁇ 35% and HRC ⁇ 45 at C: 0.35%, and E1 ⁇ 30% and HRC ⁇ 45 at C: 0.48%.
• the inventive example has a microstructure composed of ferrite and carbides, the average amount of N in the surface layer portion of the steel sheet is 0.1 percent by mass or more, the average grain size of the ferrite is 10 to 20 ⁇ m, the spheroidization ratio of the carbides is 90% or more and, therefore, excellent press formability and hardenability are exhibited.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=48745063

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (5)

Family Cites Families (14)

• 2012
  • 2012-12-26 IN IN1298KON2014 patent/IN2014KN01298A/en unknown
  • 2012-12-26 WO PCT/JP2012/008319 patent/WO2013102987A1/ja active Application Filing
  • 2012-12-26 JP JP2013552353A patent/JP5565532B2/ja active Active
  • 2012-12-26 US US14/370,319 patent/US20140332122A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2012-12-26 EP EP12864342.6A patent/EP2801633B1/en active Active
  • 2012-12-26 CN CN201280066256.1A patent/CN104040003B/zh active Active
  • 2012-12-26 KR KR1020147021555A patent/KR101616222B1/ko active Active
  • 2012-12-28 TW TW101150788A patent/TWI510647B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (5)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events