US20140102666A1 - Air conditioner for vehicle - Google Patents

Air conditioner for vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140102666A1
US20140102666A1 US14/116,221 US201214116221A US2014102666A1 US 20140102666 A1 US20140102666 A1 US 20140102666A1 US 201214116221 A US201214116221 A US 201214116221A US 2014102666 A1 US2014102666 A1 US 2014102666A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
air
blower
mode
temperature
refrigerant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/116,221
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English (en)
Inventor
Yoshinori Ichishi
Tetsuya Takeuchi
Hidekazu Hirabayashi
Yoshihisa Shimada
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA reassignment TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TAKECHI, TETSUYA, ICHISHI, YOSHINORI, HIRABAYASHI, HIDEKAZU, SHIMADA, YOSHIHISA
Publication of US20140102666A1 publication Critical patent/US20140102666A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/02—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being cooling-air
    • F01P7/026—Thermostatic control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00821—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being ventilating, air admitting or air distributing devices
    • B60H1/00828—Ventilators, e.g. speed control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
    • B60H1/00921—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air conditioner for a vehicle.
  • control is exercised to stop a blower when an engine cooling water temperature is not higher than a predetermined temperature, start the blower when the engine cooling water temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature, and increase the amount of air blown from the blower when the engine cooling water temperature rises (refer, for instance, to PTL 1).
  • the temperature of the engine cooling water (a heat medium for heating the blown air) needs to be raised in order to increase the rate of air flow. Therefore, if the temperature of the engine cooling water is low, the air flow rate cannot be increased even when the occupant wishes to increase it. In other words, the intention of the occupant is not reflected in the amount of blown air so that the comfort of the occupant decreases.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an air conditioner for a vehicle that is capable of increasing the air flow rate in accordance with the intention of an occupant of the vehicle when the heat medium for heating the blown air is low in temperature.
  • an air conditioner for a vehicle including a blower, a heating heat exchanger, a target temperature setup device, and a control device.
  • the blower generates blown air.
  • the heating heat exchanger heats the blown air by heat exchange between the blown air and a heat medium.
  • the target temperature setup device sets a target temperature (Tset) for a passenger compartment in accordance with an operation performed by an occupant of the vehicle.
  • the control device determines the availability factor of the blower in accordance with the temperature of the heat medium.
  • the control device increases the availability factor of the blower as the target temperature (Tset) increases.
  • the availability factor of the blower increases.
  • the rate of air flow can be increased in accordance with the intention of the occupant.
  • the air conditioner as described in the first aspect further including a power saving request device for outputting a power saving request signal in accordance with an operation of the occupant to request that the power required for air conditioning in the passenger compartment be saved.
  • the control device increases the availability factor of the blower as the target temperature (Tset) increases.
  • the air flow rate can be increased in accordance with the intention of the occupant.
  • the air conditioner as described in the second aspect, wherein the control device causes the blower to operate at a lower availability factor when the power saving request signal is output than when the power saving request signal is not output.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the overall configuration of a refrigerant circuit for a cooling mode of an air conditioner for a vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the overall configuration of a refrigerant circuit for a heating mode of the air conditioner for a vehicle according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the overall configuration of a refrigerant circuit for a first dehumidification mode of the air conditioner for a vehicle according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the overall configuration of a refrigerant circuit for a second dehumidification mode of the air conditioner for a vehicle according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an electrical control section of the air conditioner for a vehicle according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating a PTC heater according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a control process performed by the air conditioner for a vehicle according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an essential portion of the control process performed by the air conditioner for a vehicle according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating another essential portion of the control process performed by the air conditioner for a vehicle according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating another essential portion of the control process performed by the air conditioner for a vehicle according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a table illustrating the operating states of solenoid valves in various operation modes according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an essential portion of the control process performed by the air conditioner for a vehicle according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the overall configuration of the air conditioner for a vehicle according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 are diagrams illustrating the overall configuration of an air conditioner for a vehicle according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an electrical control section of the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 .
  • the air conditioner for a vehicle is applied to a hybrid vehicle that acquires a driving force for running the vehicle from an internal combustion engine EG and from a driving electric motor.
  • the hybrid vehicle according to the present embodiment is a so-called plug-in hybrid vehicle capable of charging its battery 81 with electricity supplied from an external power source (commercial power source) while the vehicle is stopped. If the battery 81 is charged by the external power source while the vehicle is stopped before running so that the amount of electrical power remaining in the battery 81 is not smaller than a predetermined driving reference amount as at the beginning of running, the plug-in hybrid vehicle runs by mainly using the driving force generated by the driving electric motor (this driving mode is referred to as the EV driving mode).
  • the plug-in hybrid vehicle runs by mainly using the driving force generated by the engine EG (this driving mode is referred to as the HV driving mode).
  • the plug-in hybrid vehicle switches between the EV driving mode and the HV driving mode as described above to achieve improved fuel economy, or more specifically, cause the engine EG to consume a smaller amount of fuel than a normal vehicle that acquires the driving force for running the vehicle from the engine EG alone.
  • the EV driving mode is a driving mode in which the vehicle runs by mainly using the driving force output from the driving electric motor.
  • the engine EG is operated to assist the driving electric motor.
  • the HV driving mode is a driving mode in which the vehicle runs by mainly using the driving force output from the engine EG.
  • the driving electric motor is operated to assist the engine EG.
  • the above operations of the engine EG and of the driving electric motor are controlled by an engine control device (not shown).
  • the driving force output from the engine EG is used not only for running the vehicle but also for operating a generator 80 .
  • Electrical power generated by the generator 80 and electrical power supplied from the external power source can be stored in the battery 81 .
  • the electrical power stored in the battery 81 can be supplied not only to the driving electric motor but also to various vehicle-mounted devices such as components of the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 .
  • the configuration of the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 will now be described in detail.
  • the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 is capable of not only providing normal air conditioning in a passenger compartment of the vehicle during the vehicle run, but also providing pre-air conditioning in order to provide air conditioning in the passenger compartment while the battery 81 is being charged by the external power source before an occupant enters the vehicle.
  • the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 has a vapor compression type refrigeration cycle 10 that selectively uses, during normal air conditioning and pre-air conditioning, a refrigerant circuit for a cooling mode (COOL cycle) for cooling the passenger compartment, a refrigerant circuit for a heating mode (HOT cycle) for heating the passenger compartment, a refrigerant circuit for a first dehumidification mode (DRY_EVA cycle) for dehumidifying the passenger compartment, and a refrigerant circuit for a second dehumidification mode (DRY_ALL cycle) for dehumidifying the passenger compartment.
  • COOL cycle cooling mode
  • HET cycle heating mode
  • DRY_EVA cycle first dehumidification mode
  • DRY_ALL cycle refrigerant circuit for a second dehumidification mode
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 use solid arrows to indicate the flow of a refrigerant in the cooling mode, the heating mode, the first dehumidification mode, or the second dehumidification mode.
  • the first dehumidification mode is a dehumidification mode in which a dehumidification capacity takes precedence over a heating capacity
  • the second dehumidification mode is a dehumidification mode in which the heating capacity takes precedence over the dehumidification capacity.
  • the first dehumidification mode may be referred to as a low-temperature dehumidification mode or a simple dehumidification mode
  • the second dehumidification mode may be referred to as a high-temperature dehumidification mode or a dehumidification-heating mode.
  • the refrigeration cycle 10 includes, for example, a compressor 11 , an indoor condenser 12 , an indoor evaporator 26 , a thermostatic expansion valve 27 , a fixed throttle 14 , and a plurality of solenoid valves 13 , 17 , 20 , 21 , 24 (five solenoid valves in the present embodiment).
  • the indoor condenser 12 and the indoor evaporator 26 act as an indoor heat exchanger.
  • the thermostatic expansion valve 27 and the fixed throttle 14 act as a pressure reduction means for decompressing and expanding the refrigerant.
  • the solenoid valves 13 , 17 , 20 , 21 , 24 act as a refrigerant circuit selection means.
  • the refrigeration cycle 10 functions as a temperature regulation means for regulating the temperature of air blown into the passenger compartment.
  • the refrigeration cycle 10 uses a normal Freon refrigerant and constitutes a subcritical refrigeration cycle in which the high pressure side of the refrigerant pressure does not exceed its critical pressure. Moreover, a refrigerant oil for lubricating the compressor 11 is mixed with the refrigerant. Part of the refrigerant oil circulates through the cycle together with the refrigerant.
  • the compressor 11 is disposed in an engine room. In the refrigeration cycle 10 , the compressor 11 sucks, compresses, and discharges the refrigerent.
  • the compressor 11 is configured as an electric compressor in which an electric motor 11 b drives a fixed-capacity compression mechanism 11 a having a fixed discharge capacity.
  • a scroll-type compression mechanism, a vane-type compression mechanism, and various other compression mechanisms may be used as the fixed-capacity compression mechanism 11 a.
  • the electric motor 11 b is an AC motor whose operation (rotation speed) is controlled by an AC voltage output from an inverter 61 .
  • the inverter 61 also outputs an AC voltage having a frequency corresponding to a control signal output from a later-described air-conditioning control device 50 .
  • This rotation speed control changes the refrigerant discharge capability of the compressor 11 . Therefore, the electric motor 11 b constitutes a means for changing the discharge capability of the compressor 11 .
  • the discharge side of the compressor 11 is connected to the refrigerant inlet side of the indoor condenser 12 .
  • the indoor condenser 12 is a heating heat exchanger that is disposed in a casing 31 , which forms an air path in an indoor air-conditioning unit 30 of the air conditioner for a vehicle for the air blown into the passenger compartment, and heats the blown air by heat exchange between the refrigerant distributed in the indoor condenser 12 and the blown air after passing through the later-described indoor evaporator 26 .
  • the indoor air-conditioning unit 30 will be described in detail later.
  • the refrigerant outlet side of the indoor condenser 12 is connected to an electric three-way valve 13 .
  • the electric three-way valve 13 is a refrigerant circuit selection means whose operation is controlled by a control voltage output from the air-conditioning control device 50 .
  • the electric three-way valve 13 switches to a refrigerant circuit that connects the refrigerant outlet side of the indoor condenser 12 to the refrigerant inlet side of the fixed throttle 14 .
  • the electric three-way valve 13 switches to a refrigerant circuit that connects the refrigerant outlet side of the indoor condenser 12 to one refrigerant inflow outlet of a first three-way joint 15 .
  • the fixed throttle 14 is a decompression means for heating and dehumidification that decompresses and expands the refrigerant that flows out of the electric three-way valve 13 in the heating mode, the first dehumidification mode, or the second dehumidification mode.
  • a capillary tube, an orifice, or the like may be used as the fixed throttle 14 .
  • an electric variable throttle mechanism whose throttle path area is adjusted by a control signal output from the air-conditioning control device 50 may be employed as the decompression means for heating and dehumidification.
  • the refrigerant outlet side of the fixed throttle 14 is connected to the refrigerant inflow outlet of a later-described third three-way joint 23 .
  • the first three-way joint 15 has three refrigerant inflow outlets and functions as a joint for branching a refrigerant flow path.
  • This three-way joint may be formed by joining refrigerant pipes or by attaching a plurality of refrigerant paths to a metal block or a plastic block.
  • Another refrigerant inflow outlet of the first three-way joint 15 is connected to one refrigerant inflow outlet of an outdoor heat exchanger 16 .
  • Still another refrigerant inflow outlet of the first three-way joint 15 is connected to the refrigerant inlet side of a low-voltage solenoid valve 17 .
  • the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 includes a valve body, which opens and closes a refrigerant flow path, and a solenoid (coil), which drives the valve body.
  • the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 acts as a refrigerant circuit selection means whose operation is controlled by a control voltage output from the air-conditioning control device 50 . More specifically, the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 is configured as a so-called normally-closed valve that opens in an energized state and closes in a de-energized state.
  • the refrigerant outlet side of the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 is connected to one refrigerant inflow outlet of a later-described fifth three-way joint 28 through a first check valve 18 .
  • the first check valve 18 permits the refrigerant to flow in a single direction from the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 side to the fifth three-way joint 28 side.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 16 is disposed in the engine room to provide heat exchange between the internally distributed refrigerant and outer air (air taken in from the outside of the passenger compartment and supplied from a blower fan 16 a ).
  • the blower fan 16 a is an electric blower whose rotation speed (the amount of blown air) is controlled by a control voltage output from the air-conditioning control device 50 .
  • the blower fan 16 a supplies the outer air not only to the outdoor heat exchanger 16 but also to a radiator (not shown) that dissipates the heat of cooling water for the engine EG. Specifically, the air taken in from the outside of the passenger compartment and supplied from the blower fan 16 a flows to the outdoor heat exchanger 16 and then to the radiator.
  • the radiator is connected to a cooling water piping that forms a cooling water circuit 40 indicated by broken lines in FIGS. 1 to 4 .
  • the cooling water circuit 40 will be described later.
  • a cooling water pump is disposed in the cooling water circuit, which is indicated by the broken lines in FIGS. 1 to 4 , to circulate the cooling water.
  • the cooling water pump 40 a is an electric water pump whose rotation speed (cooling water circulation volume) is controlled by a control voltage output from the air-conditioning control device 50 .
  • the other refrigerant inflow outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 is connected to one refrigerant inflow outlet of a second three-way joint 19 .
  • the basic configuration of the second three-way joint 19 is the same as that of the first three-way joint 15 .
  • Another refrigerant inflow outlet of the second three-way joint 19 is connected to the refrigerant inlet side of a high-voltage solenoid valve 20 .
  • Still another refrigerant inflow outlet of the second three-way joint 19 is connected to one refrigerant inflow outlet of a heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 .
  • the high-voltage solenoid valve 20 and the heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 are refrigerant circuit selection means whose operation is controlled by a control voltage output from the air-conditioning control device 50 .
  • the high-voltage solenoid valve 20 and the heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 have the same basic configuration as the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 .
  • the high-voltage solenoid valve 20 and the heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 are configured as a so-called normally-open valve that closes in an energized state and opens in a de-energized state.
  • the refrigerant outlet side of the high-voltage solenoid valve 20 is connected to the inlet side of a throttle mechanism portion of the later-described thermostatic expansion valve 27 through a second check valve 22 .
  • the second check valve 22 permits the refrigerant to flow in a single direction from the high-voltage solenoid valve 20 side to the thermostatic expansion valve 27 side.
  • the other refrigerant inflow outlet of the heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 is connected to one refrigerant inflow outlet of the third three-way joint 23 .
  • the third three-way joint 23 has the same basic configuration as the first three-way joint 15 .
  • Another refrigerant inflow outlet of the third three-way joint 23 is connected to the refrigerant outlet side of the fixed throttle 14 as mentioned earlier.
  • Still another refrigerant inflow outlet of the third three-way joint 23 is connected to the refrigerant inlet side of a dehumidification solenoid valve 24 .
  • the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 is a refrigerant circuit selection means whose operation is controlled by a control voltage output from the air-conditioning control device 50 .
  • the basic configuration of the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 is the same as that of the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 .
  • the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 is also configured as a normally-closed valve.
  • the refrigerant circuit selection means is formed by a plurality of (five) solenoid valves, namely, the electric three-way valve 13 , low-voltage solenoid valve 17 , high-voltage solenoid valve 20 , heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 , and dehumidification solenoid valve 24 , which are placed in a predefined open state or closed state when the supply of electrical power is shut off.
  • the refrigerant outlet side of the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 is connected to one refrigerant inflow outlet of a fourth three-way joint 25 .
  • the fourth three-way joint 25 has the same basic configuration as the first three-way joint 15 .
  • Another refrigerant inflow outlet of the fourth three-way joint 25 is connected to the outlet side of the throttle mechanism portion of the thermostatic expansion valve 27 .
  • Still another refrigerant inflow outlet of the fourth three-way joint 25 is connected to the refrigerant inlet side of the indoor evaporator 26 .
  • the indoor evaporator 26 is a cooling heat exchanger that is mounted in the casing 31 of the indoor air-conditioning unit 30 and disposed upstream of the indoor condenser 12 with respect to the flow of blown air to cool the blown air by heat exchange between the refrigerant distributed in the indoor evaporator 26 and the blown air.
  • the refrigerant outlet of the indoor evaporator 26 is connected to the inlet side of a thermosensitive-portion of the thermostatic expansion valve 27 .
  • the thermostatic expansion valve 27 is a pressure reduction means for cooling that decompresses and expands the refrigerant flowing into the inside from the inlet of the throttle mechanism portion and causes the refrigerant to flow out of the outlet of the throttle mechanism portion.
  • the thermostatic expansion valve 27 is an internal pressure balancing expansion valve placed in a housing that contains the thermosensitive portion 27 a and the variable throttle mechanism portion 27 b .
  • the thermosensitive portion 27 a detects the degree of overheat of the refrigerant at the outlet side of the indoor evaporator 26 in accordance with the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant at the outlet side of the indoor evaporator 26 .
  • the variable throttle mechanism portion 27 b adjusts the throttle path area (refrigerant flow rate) so that the degree of overheat of the refrigerant at the outlet side of the indoor evaporator 26 is within a predetermined range in accordance with the displacement of the thermosensitive portion 27 a.
  • the outlet side of the thermosensitive-portion of the thermostatic expansion valve 27 is connected to one refrigerant inflow outlet of the fifth three-way joint 28 .
  • the basic configuration of the fifth three-way joint 28 is the same as that of the first three-way joint 15 .
  • Another refrigerant inflow outlet of the fifth three-way joint 28 is connected to the refrigerant outlet side of the first check valve 18 as mentioned earlier.
  • Still another refrigerant inflow outlet of the fifth three-way joint 28 is connected to the refrigerant inlet side of an accumulator 29 .
  • the accumulator 29 is a low-pressure side gas-liquid separator that receives the refrigerant from the fifth three-way joint 28 , separates the received refrigerant into a gas and a liquid, and stores an excess refrigerant.
  • the gas-phase refrigerant outlet of the accumulator 29 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the compressor 11 .
  • the indoor air-conditioning unit 30 is disposed inside an instrument panel at the forefront of the passenger compartment.
  • the casing 31 which is the outer shell of the indoor air-conditioning unit 30 , houses, for example, a blower 32 , the indoor evaporator 26 , the indoor condenser 12 , a heater core 36 , and a PTC heater 37 .
  • the casing 31 forms a path for the air blown into the passenger compartment, is elastic to a certain degree, and is molded with resin that excels in strength (e.g., polypropylene).
  • An inner/outer air changeover box (not shown) is disposed at the most upstream end within the casing 31 with respect to the flow of blown air to selectively introduce inner air (the air inside the passenger compartment) and outer air (the air outside the passenger compartment).
  • the inner/outer air changeover box is provided with an inner air introduction port for introducing the inner air into the casing 31 and an outer air introduction port for introducing the outer air into the casing 31 .
  • an inner/outer air changeover door is disposed in the inner/outer air changeover box to continuously adjust the opening areas of the inner and outer air introduction ports for the purpose of changing the ratio between the amount of inner air introduction and the amount of outer air introduction.
  • the inner/outer air changeover door constitutes an air introduction amount change means for selecting an air inlet mode for the purpose of changing the ratio between the amount of inner air introduction into the casing 31 and the amount of outer air introduction into the casing 31 .
  • the inner/outer air changeover door is driven by an electric actuator 62 for the inner/outer air changeover door.
  • the operation of the electric actuator 62 is controlled by a control signal output from the air-conditioning control device 50 .
  • the inner air mode fully opens the inner air introduction port and fully closes the outer air introduction port to introduce the inner air into the casing 31 .
  • the outer air mode fully closes the inner air introduction port and fully opens the outer air introduction port to introduce the outer air into the casing 31 .
  • the inner/outer air mixture mode which is an intermediate between the inner air mode and the outer air mode, continuously adjusts the opening areas of the inner and outer air introduction ports for the purpose of continuously changing the ratio between the amount of inner air introduction and the amount of outer air introduction.
  • the blower 32 is disposed downstream of the inner/outer air changeover box with respect to the flow of air and operated so that the air taken in through the inner/outer air changeover box is blown into the passenger compartment.
  • the blower 32 is an electric blower that uses an electric motor to drive a multiblade centrifugal fan (sirocco fan).
  • the rotation speed (an availability factor) of the blower 32 is controlled by a control voltage output from the air-conditioning control device 50 .
  • the air-conditioning control device 50 constitutes a blower control means.
  • the aforementioned indoor evaporator 26 is disposed downstream of the blower 32 with respect to the flow of air.
  • air paths such as a heating cool air path 33 for making the air flow after passing through the indoor evaporator 26 and a cool air bypass path 34 , and a mixing space 35 , which mixes the air flowing out of the heating cool air path 33 with the air flowing out of the cool air bypass path 34 , are formed downstream of the indoor evaporator 26 with respect to the flow of air.
  • the heater core 36 In the heating cool air path 33 , the heater core 36 , the indoor condenser 12 , and the PTC heater 37 , which constitute a heating means for heating the air after passing through the indoor evaporator 26 , are arranged in the order named with respect to the direction of flow of blown air.
  • the heater core 36 is connected to a cooling water piping that constitutes the cooling water circuit 40 , and acts as a heating heat exchanger that heats the air after passing through the indoor evaporator 26 by heat exchange between the cooling water (heat medium) for the engine EG and the air after passing through the indoor evaporator 26 .
  • the cooling water circuit 40 circulates the cooling water to cool the engine EG.
  • the electric cooling water pump 40 a which pumps the cooling water, is disposed in the cooling water piping of the cooling water circuit 40 .
  • the rotation speed (water pumping capability) of the cooling water pump 40 a is controlled by a control voltage output from the air-conditioning control device 50 .
  • the air-conditioning control device 50 When the air-conditioning control device 50 operates the cooling water pump 40 a , the cooling water, which is heated by the waste heat of the engine EG, flows into the radiator or the heater core 36 . The cooling water is then cooled by the radiator or by the heater core 36 and returns to the engine EG.
  • the cooling water is a heat source medium that heats the air blown into the passenger compartment by the heater core 36 .
  • a portion of the cooling water circuit 40 that is indicated by the broken lines in FIGS. 1 to 4 which is a circuit for circulating the cooling water from the cooling water pump 40 a through the heater core 36 and the engine EG to the cooling water pump 40 a , constitutes a temperature regulation means for adjusting the temperature of the blown air.
  • the PTC heater 37 is an electric heater that includes a PTC element (positive temperature coefficient thermistor). When electrical power is supplied to the PTC element, the PTC heater 37 generates heat and heats the air after passing through the indoor condenser 12 .
  • the present embodiment uses a plurality of units of the PTC heater 37 (actually three PTC heaters).
  • the air-conditioning control device 50 controls the overall heating capability (an availability factor) of the PTC heater 37 by changing the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 .
  • the PTC heater 37 includes a plurality of (three in the present embodiment) PTC heaters 37 a , 37 b , 37 c as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating the electrical connection of the PTC heater 37 according to the present embodiment.
  • the electrical power consumption required for operating the PTC heater 37 according to the present embodiment is lower than required for operating the compressor 11 in the refrigeration cycle 10 .
  • each PTC heater 37 a , 37 b , 37 c is connected to the battery 81 , whereas the negative terminal side is connected to a ground side through a respective switch element SW 1 , SW 2 , SW 3 included in each PTC heater 37 a , 37 b , 37 c .
  • Each switch element SW 1 , SW 2 , SW 3 switches each PTC element h 1 , h 2 , h 3 included in each PTC heater 37 a , 37 b , 37 c between an energized state (ON state) and a de-energized state (OFF state).
  • each switch element SW 1 , SW 2 , SW 3 is independently controlled by a control signal output from the air-conditioning control device 50 .
  • the air-conditioning control device 50 independently switches each switch element SW 1 , SW 2 , SW 3 between the energized state and de-energized state. Consequently, the PTC heaters 37 a , 37 b , 37 c can be selectively energized to exercise their heating capability to change the overall heating capability of the PTC heater 37 .
  • the cool air bypass path 34 is an air path for directly introducing the air after passing through the indoor evaporator 26 into the mixing space 35 , bypassing the heater core 36 , the indoor condenser 12 , and the PTC heater 37 . Therefore, the temperature of the blown air mixed in the mixing space 35 varies with the ratio between the amount of air passing through the heating cool air path 33 and the amount of air passing through the cool air bypass path 34 .
  • the present embodiment uses an air mix door 38 .
  • the air mix door 38 is disposed downstream of the indoor evaporator 26 with respect to the flow of air and toward the inlets of the heating cool air path 33 and cool air bypass path 34 to continuously vary the ratio between the amount of cool air introduced into the heating cool air path 33 and the amount of cool air introduced into the cool air bypass path 34 .
  • the air mix door 38 constitutes a temperature regulation means for adjusting the air temperature in the mixing space 35 (the temperature of air blown into the passenger compartment). More specifically, the air mix door 38 is driven by an electric actuator 63 for the air mix door. The operation of the electric actuator 63 is controlled by a control signal output from the air-conditioning control device 50 .
  • air outlets are disposed at the most downstream end of the casing 31 with respect to the flow of blown air.
  • the air outlets blow the temperature-regulated blown air from the mixing space 35 into the passenger compartment, which is a cooling target space.
  • three different air outlets are disposed: a face air outlet, a foot air outlet, and a defroster air outlet.
  • the face air outlet blows air-conditioned air toward the upper body of the occupant in the passenger compartment.
  • the foot air outlet blows the air-conditioned air toward the feet of the occupant.
  • the defroster air outlet blows the air-conditioned air toward the inner surface of the vehicle's windshield.
  • a face door (not shown), a foot door (not shown), and a defroster door (not shown) are disposed upstream of the face air outlet, foot air outlet, and defroster air outlet, respectively, with respect to the flow of air.
  • the face door adjusts the opening area of the face air outlet.
  • the foot door adjusts the opening area of the foot air outlet.
  • the defroster door adjusts the opening area of the defroster air outlet.
  • the face door, the foot door, and the defroster door constitute an air outlet mode selection means for selecting an air outlet mode.
  • These doors are coupled to an electric actuator 64 for driving an air outlet mode door through a link mechanism (not shown) and rotated in conjunction with the electric actuator 64 .
  • the operation of the electric actuator 64 is also controlled by a control signal output from the air-conditioning control device 50 .
  • the air-conditioning control device 50 constitutes an air outlet mode selection control means.
  • Selectable air outlet modes are a face mode, a bi-level mode, a foot mode, and a foot/defroster mode.
  • the face mode fully opens the face air outlet and blows air from the face air outlet toward the upper body of the occupant in the passenger compartment.
  • the bi-level mode opens both the face air outlet and the foot air outlet and blows air toward the upper body and feet of the occupant in the passenger compartment.
  • the foot mode fully opens the foot air outlet, opens the defroster air outlet to a small degree, and blows air mainly out of the foot air outlet.
  • the foot/defroster mode opens the foot air outlet and defroster air outlet to the same degree and blows air out of both the foot air outlet and the defroster air outlet.
  • the occupant can manually operate a switch on a later-described operation panel 60 to select a defroster mode in which the defroster air outlet fully opens to blow air from the defroster air outlet toward the inner surface of the vehicle's windshield.
  • the hybrid vehicle to which the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 according to the present embodiment is applied includes an electric heating defogger (not shown) separately from the air conditioner for a vehicle.
  • the electric heating defogger is an electric heating wire disposed in or on passenger compartment windows and used to heat the windows for the purpose of defogging the windows or preventing the windows from being fogged.
  • the operation of the electric heating defogger can be controlled by a control signal output from the air-conditioning control device 50 .
  • the air-conditioning control device 50 includes a well-known microcomputer and its peripheral circuits, the microcomputer including, for example, a CPU, a ROM, and a RAM.
  • the air-conditioning control device 50 performs various computations and processes to control the operations of various instruments connected to its output side, such as the inverter 61 of the electric motor 11 b for the compressor 11 , the solenoid valves 13 , 17 , 20 , 21 , 24 constituting the refrigerant circuit selection means, the blower fan 16 a , the blower 32 , and the electric actuators 62 , 63 , 64 .
  • the air-conditioning control device 50 is configured integrally with a control means for controlling the above-mentioned instruments.
  • elements (hardware and software) for controlling the operation (refrigerant discharge capability) of the electric motor 11 b which is a means for changing the discharge capability of the compressor 11 , constitute a discharge capability control means 50 a .
  • the discharge capability control means 50 a may be implemented as a unit separate from the air-conditioning control device 50 .
  • the input side of the air-conditioning control device 50 inputs detection signals of various sensors, such as an inner air sensor 51 for detecting a passenger compartment temperature Tr, an outer air sensor 52 (outer air temperature detection means) for detecting an outer air temperature Tam, an insolation sensor 53 for detecting the amount of insolation Ts in the passenger compartment, a discharge temperature sensor 54 (discharge temperature detection means) for detecting the discharged refrigerant temperature Td of the compressor 11 , a discharge pressure sensor 55 (discharge pressure detection means) for detecting the discharge side refrigerant pressure (high-pressure side refrigerant pressure) Pd of the compressor 11 , an evaporator temperature sensor 56 (evaporator temperature detection means) for detecting a blown air temperature (evaporator temperature) Te from the indoor evaporator 26 , an intake air temperature sensor 57 for detecting the temperature Tsi of the refrigerant distributed between the first three-way joint 15 and the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 , a cooling water temperature sensor for detecting an engine
  • the discharge side refrigerant pressure (high-pressure side refrigerant pressure) Pd of the compressor 11 according to the present embodiment is the high-pressure side refrigerant pressure of the cycle between the refrigerant discharge side of the compressor 11 and the inlet side of the variable throttle mechanism portion 27 b for the thermostatic expansion valve 27 .
  • the discharge side refrigerant pressure (high-pressure side refrigerant pressure) Pd of the compressor 11 according to the present embodiment is the high-pressure side refrigerant pressure of the cycle between the refrigerant discharge side of the compressor 11 and the inlet side of the fixed throttle 14 .
  • the discharge pressure sensor 55 is also included in a common refrigeration cycle in order to monitor for an abnormal increase in the high-pressure side refrigerant pressure.
  • the evaporator temperature sensor 56 detects the temperature of a heat exchange fin in the indoor evaporator 26 .
  • a temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of another part of the indoor evaporator 26 may be used as the evaporator temperature sensor 56 .
  • a temperature detection means for directly detecting the temperature of the refrigerant flowing in the indoor evaporator 26 may also be used.
  • Values detected by the humidity sensor, window vicinity temperature sensor, and window surface temperature sensor are used to calculate the relative humidity of a window surface RHW.
  • the input side of the air-conditioning control device 50 also inputs an operation signal from various air-conditioning operating switches mounted on the operation panel 60 disposed near the instrument panel at the front of the passenger compartment.
  • the air-conditioning operating switches mounted on the operation panel 60 are, for example, an operating switch, an auto switch, an operation mode selector switch, an air outlet mode selector switch, an air flow rate setup switch for the blower 32 , a passenger compartment temperature setup switch 60 t , and an economy switch 60 e . All of these switches are used to operate the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 .
  • the auto switch is used to enter or exit an automatic control mode of the air-conditioner for a vehicle 1 .
  • the passenger compartment temperature setup switch 60 t is a target temperature setup means that is operated by the occupant to set a target temperature Tset for the passenger compartment.
  • the economy switch is a power saving request means that is turned on by the occupant to output a power saving request signal for the purpose of saving the power required for air-conditioning the passenger compartment.
  • a signal is output in the EV driving mode to the engine control device in order to decrease the frequency of the operation of the engine EG, which is operated to assist the driving electric motor.
  • the engine control device (not shown) includes a well-known microcomputer and its peripheral circuits. In accordance with an engine control program stored in the ROM, the engine control device performs various computations and processes to control the operations of various engine control instruments connected to its output side.
  • the output side of the engine control device is connected, for instance, to various engine components, which constitute the engine EG. More specifically, the output side of the engine control device is connected, for instance, to a starter (not shown), which starts the engine EG, and to a drive circuit (not shown) for a fuel injection valve (injector), which supplies fuel to the engine EG.
  • a starter not shown
  • a drive circuit not shown
  • a fuel injection valve injector
  • the input side of the engine control device 70 is connected to various engine control sensors, such as a voltmeter (not shown) for detecting the inter-terminal voltage VB of the battery 81 , an accelerator opening sensor (not shown) for detecting the degree of accelerator opening Acc, and an engine speed sensor (not shown) for detecting an engine speed Ne.
  • various engine control sensors such as a voltmeter (not shown) for detecting the inter-terminal voltage VB of the battery 81 , an accelerator opening sensor (not shown) for detecting the degree of accelerator opening Acc, and an engine speed sensor (not shown) for detecting an engine speed Ne.
  • the air-conditioning control device 50 and the engine control device are electrically connected and capable of electrically communicating with each other. This permits one of these control devices to control the operations of instruments connected to its output side in accordance with a detection signal or operation signal input into the other control device.
  • the air-conditioning control device 50 can operate the engine EG by outputting an engine operation request signal to the engine control device.
  • the air-conditioning control device 50 and the engine control device are configured integrally with a control means for controlling various control target instruments connected to their output side.
  • elements (hardware and software) for controlling the operation of a respective control target instrument constitute a control means for controlling the operation of the respective control target instrument.
  • elements included in the air-conditioning control device 50 to control the refrigerant discharge capability of the compressor 11 by controlling the frequency of an AC voltage output from the inverter 61 connected to the electric motor 11 b for the compressor 11 constitute a compressor control means
  • elements included in the air-conditioning control device 50 to control the air blowing capability of the blower 32 by controlling the operation of the blower 32 , which is an air blowing means constitute a blower control means.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a control process performed by the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 according to the present embodiment. Even when a vehicle system is stopped, this control process is performed as far as electrical power is supplied from the battery to the air-conditioning control device 50 .
  • step S 1 is performed to determine whether the operating switch for the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 is turned on (ON) and whether a start switch for pre-air conditioning is turned on. If the determination result obtained in step S 1 indicates that either the operating switch for the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 or the start switch for pre-air conditioning is turned on, processing proceeds to step S 2 .
  • the start switch for pre-air conditioning is mounted, for instance, on a wireless terminal (remote controller) or mobile communication means (or more specifically, a cell phone) carried by the occupant. Therefore, the occupant can start the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 from a place remote from the vehicle.
  • the vehicle When, for instance, the start switch for pre-air conditioning that is mounted on the wireless terminal is turned on, the vehicle directly receives a pre-air conditioning start signal transmitted from the wireless terminal and concludes that the start switch for pre-air conditioning is turned on.
  • the start switch for pre-air conditioning that is mounted on the mobile communication means when the start switch for pre-air conditioning that is mounted on the mobile communication means is turned on, the vehicle directly receives a pre-air conditioning start signal transmitted, for instance, through a cell phone base station and concludes that the start switch for pre-air conditioning is turned on.
  • the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 is applied to a plug-in hybrid vehicle. Therefore, when electrical power is supplied to the vehicle from an external power source, pre-air conditioning is continuously provided until a user of the vehicle issues a request for stopping a pre-air conditioning process. When, on the other hand, no electrical power is supplied from an external power source, pre-air conditioning is continuously provided until the amount of electrical power remaining in the battery 81 is not larger than a predetermined amount.
  • Step S 2 is performed to initialize, for example, a flag and a timer and returns, for example, a stepping motor, which is one of the aforementioned electric actuators, to its initial position.
  • a flag for example, a flag and a timer
  • a stepping motor which is one of the aforementioned electric actuators
  • Processing then proceeds to step S 3 .
  • the operation signals of the operation panel 60 are read.
  • Processing then proceeds to step S 4 .
  • the operation signals read in step S 3 include a signal indicative of the target temperature (Tset) for the passenger compartment, an air outlet mode selection signal, an air inlet mode selection signal, and a signal for setting the amount of air supplied from the blower 32 .
  • step S 4 vehicle environmental condition signals used for air-conditioning control, namely, the signals detected by the aforementioned sensors 51 - 57 are read. Processing then proceeds to step S 5 .
  • step S 5 a target blown air temperature TAO for the air blown into the passenger compartment is calculated.
  • a heating heat exchanger target temperature is also calculated.
  • the target blown air temperature TAO is calculated from Equation F1 below.
  • TAO Kset ⁇ Tset ⁇ Kr ⁇ Tr ⁇ Kam ⁇ Tam ⁇ Ks ⁇ Ts+C (F1)
  • Tset is a passenger compartment temperature setting selected by the passenger compartment temperature setup switch 60 t
  • Tr is an inner air temperature detected by the inner air sensor 51
  • Tam is an outer air temperature detected by the outer air sensor 52
  • Ts is the amount of insolation detected by the insolation sensor 53 .
  • Kset, Kr, Kam, and Ks are control gains.
  • C is a constant for correction.
  • the heating heat exchanger target temperature is basically calculated from Equation F1 above. In some cases, however, it may be calculated from Equation F1 and then corrected to be a value smaller than TAO for the purpose of reducing the amount of power consumption.
  • Step 6 is performed in accordance with air-conditioning environmental conditions to select the cooling mode, the heating mode, the first dehumidification mode, or the second dehumidification mode.
  • the cooling mode should be selected when the face mode is used as an air outlet mode.
  • the heating mode, the first dehumidification mode, or the second dehumidification mode should be selected when the inner air mode is used as an air inlet mode. Further, the heating mode, the first dehumidification mode, and the second dehumidification mode should be selectively used in accordance with the blown air temperature (evaporator temperature) Te from the indoor evaporator 26 , which is detected by the evaporator temperature sensor 56 .
  • the heating mode should be selected because no dehumidification is needed. If the blown air temperature Te is not higher than the first reference blown air temperature and is higher than a second reference blown air temperature (e.g., ⁇ 1° C.), the first dehumidification mode should be selected because dehumidification is needed. If the blown air temperature Te is not higher than the second reference blown air temperature, the second dehumidification mode in which dehumidification takes precedence over heating should be selected.
  • a first reference blown air temperature e.g., 0° C.
  • step S 7 the target amount of air blown by the blower 32 is determined. More specifically, a blower motor voltage to be applied to the electric motor for the blower 32 is determined. A control process performed in step S 7 will now be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 8 . First of all, step S 701 is performed to determine whether the auto switch on the operation panel 60 is turned on.
  • Step S 72 is performed to determine a blower motor voltage that provides an air flow rate desired by the occupant, which is set by the air flow rate setup switch on the operation panel 60 . Processing then proceeds to step S 8 .
  • the air flow rate setup switch according to the present embodiment permits the occupant to sequentially select the Lo, M1, M2, M3, and Hi positions to specify one of five different air flow rates. Selecting the Lo, M1, M2, M3, and Hi positions in sequence gradually raises the blower motor voltage, that is, sequentially selects blower motor voltages of 4 V, 6 V, 8 V, 10 V, and 12 V.
  • step S 703 a control map stored in the air-conditioning control device 50 is referenced to determine a first tentative blower level f(TAO) in accordance with the target blown air temperature TAO determined in step S 4 .
  • the present embodiment maximizes the first tentative blower level f(TAO) in an extremely low temperature region (maximum cooling region) of the TAO and in an extremely high temperature region (maximum heating region) and exercises control to substantially maximize the air flow rate of the blower 32 . Further, if the TAO increases from the extremely low temperature region toward an intermediate temperature region, the present embodiment lowers the first tentative blower level f(TAO) in accordance with an increase in the TAO, thereby decreasing the air flow rate of the blower 32 .
  • the present embodiment lowers the first tentative blower level f(TAO) in accordance with a decrease in the TAO, thereby decreasing the air flow rate of the blower 32 . Moreover, if the TAO is within a predetermined intermediate temperature region, the present embodiment minimizes the first tentative blower level f(TAO) to minimize the air flow rate of the blower 32 .
  • a second tentative blower level f(TW) is determined.
  • the second tentative blower level f(TW) is used in the heating mode to adjust the blower level in accordance with the engine cooling water temperature Tw and with the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 .
  • a diagram depicting the relationship between the engine cooling water temperature Tw and the second tentative blower level f(TW), which is shown under step S 704 is complied with. More specifically, if the engine cooling water temperature Tw is in a low temperature region lower than a predetermined first reference temperature T1, the blower level is set to level 0 (zero), namely, the blower 32 is stopped. If, on the other hand, the engine cooling water temperature Tw is not lower than the first reference temperature T1, the second tentative blower level f(TW) is determined in such a manner that the blower level rises in accordance with an increase in the engine cooling water temperature Tw.
  • the operation of the blower 32 can be stopped when the heater core 36 cannot heat the blown air because the temperature of the cooling water flowing in the heater core 36 is lower than the first reference temperature T1. This makes it possible to inhibit the occupant from feeling improperly air-conditioned as insufficiently heated air is blown toward the occupant.
  • step S 704 the first reference temperature T1 is lowered in accordance with an increase in the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 , which is determined in later-described step S 12 .
  • the (an availability factor) of the blower 32 is increased with an increase in the availability factor of the PTC heater 37 .
  • the engine cooling water temperature Tw at which the blower 32 starts running decreases with an increase in the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 .
  • the blower level rises at a constant rate in accordance with an increase in the engine cooling water temperature Tw no matter whether the PTC heater 37 is energized.
  • the degree of increase in the availability factor of the blower 32 with respect to increase in the availability factor of the PTC heater 37 is smaller than when the engine cooling water temperature Tw is lower than the first reference temperature T1.
  • the second tentative blower level f(TW) is set to level 0 (zero) to stop the operation of the blower 32 .
  • setup is performed so that the first reference temperature T1 sequentially decreases from 40° C. through 37° C. and 34° C. to 30° C. when the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 increases from 0 (zero) through 1 and 2 to 3.
  • the second tentative blower level f(TW) is gradually increased with an increase in the engine cooling water temperature Tw without regard to the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 . If the engine cooling water temperature Tw rises to a second reference temperature T2 (e.g., 70° C.) or higher, the second tentative blower level f(TW) is set to a maximum value (e.g., level 30).
  • the second tentative blower level f(TW) is gradually decreased with a decrease in the engine cooling water temperature Tw. If the engine cooling water temperature Tw is lower than a fourth reference temperature T4 and not lower than a fifth reference temperature T5, the second tentative blower level f(TW) is set to an extremely small value (e.g., level 1).
  • setup is performed so that the fourth reference temperature T4 sequentially decreases from 36° C. through 33° C. and 30° C. to 26° C. when the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 increases from 0 (zero) through 1 and 2 to 3.
  • Setup is also performed so that the fifth reference temperature T5 sequentially decreases from 29° C. through 26° C. and 23° C. to 19° C. when the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 increases from 0 (zero) through 1 and 2 to 3.
  • the second tentative blower level f(TW) is set to level 0 (zero) to stop the operation of the blower 32 .
  • the relationship between the first to fifth reference temperatures is such that T2>T3>T1>T4>T5.
  • the differences between the reference temperatures are set as a hysteresis width to prevent control hunting.
  • step S 705 is performed to determine whether the air outlet mode, which is to be determined in later-described step S 9 , is one of the foot mode, bi-level mode, and foot/defroster mode. If the determination result obtained in step S 705 indicates that the air outlet mode is one of the foot mode, bi-level mode, and foot/defroster mode, processing proceeds to step S 706 .
  • step S 706 the control map stored in the air-conditioning control device 50 is referenced to determine an addition blower level f(temperature setting) in accordance with the passenger compartment temperature setting Tset selected by the passenger compartment temperature setup switch 60 t .
  • the addition blower level f(temperature setting) is a value used in the heating mode to adjust the blower level in accordance with the passenger compartment temperature setting Tset.
  • step S 706 the addition blower level f(temperature setting) is set to a minimum value (level 1). If, on the other hand, the passenger compartment temperature setting Tset is not lower than 26° C., the addition blower level f(temperature setting) is increased with an increase in the passenger compartment temperature setting Tset. If the passenger compartment temperature setting Tset is higher than 30° C., the addition blower level f(temperature setting) is set to a maximum value (level 10).
  • step S 707 the first tentative blower level f(TAO) determined in step S 703 is compared to the sum of the second tentative blower level f(TW) determined in step S 704 and the addition blower level f(temperature setting) determined in step S 706 . The smaller of these two values is then determined as the current blower level, and processing proceeds to step S 708 .
  • step S 708 the control map stored in the air-conditioning control device 50 is referenced to determine the blower motor voltage in accordance with the current blower level determined in step S 707 . Processing then proceeds to step S 8 .
  • step S 708 the blower motor voltage is set to a voltage of 0 V. If, on the other hand, the blower level is not lower than level 1, the blower motor voltage is increased with an increase in the blower level. If the blower level is higher than level 30, the blower motor voltage is set to a maximum voltage (12 V).
  • step S 705 determines whether the air outlet mode is one of the foot mode, bi-level mode, and foot/defroster mode.
  • step S 709 the first tentative blower level f(TAO) determined in step S 703 is determined as the current blower level. Processing then proceeds to step S 710 .
  • the first tentative blower level f(TAO) is determined as the current blower level without regard to the second tentative blower level f(TW) for adjusting the blower level in the heating mode.
  • step S 710 the control map stored in the air-conditioning control device 50 is referenced to determine the blower motor voltage in accordance with the current blower level determined in step S 709 , as is the case with step S 708 . Processing then proceeds to step S 8 .
  • the control map used in step S 710 will not be described because it is the same as the control map used in step S 708 .
  • step S 8 the air inlet mode, that is, the status of the inner/outer air changeover box, is determined.
  • the control map stored in the air-conditioning control device 50 is also referenced to determine the air inlet mode in accordance with the TAO.
  • the outer air mode which introduces the outer air
  • the inner air mode which introduces the inner air
  • An alternative is to provide an exhaust gas concentration detection means for detecting the exhaust gas concentration in the outer air and select the inner air mode when the exhaust gas concentration is not lower than a predetermined reference concentration.
  • step S 9 the air outlet mode is determined.
  • the control map stored in the air-conditioning control device 50 is referenced to determine a tentative air outlet mode f1(TAO) in accordance with the TAO. More specifically, in a situation where the TAO is increasing, the face mode is selected if the TAO ⁇ first predetermined temperature T1 (e.g., 30° C.), the bi-level mode is selected if a first predetermined temperature T′1 ⁇ TAO ⁇ second predetermined temperature T′2 (e.g., 40° C.), and the foot mode is selected if the second predetermined temperature T′2 ⁇ TAO.
  • T1 first predetermined temperature
  • T′2 second predetermined temperature
  • the foot mode is selected if a third temperature T′3 (e.g., 38° C.) ⁇ TAO
  • the bi-level mode is selected if a fourth predetermined temperature T′4 (e.g., 27° C.) ⁇ TAO ⁇ third predetermined temperature T′3
  • the face mode is selected if the TAO ⁇ fourth predetermined temperature T′4.
  • the relationship between the first to fourth predetermined temperatures is such that T′4 ⁇ T′1 ⁇ T′3 ⁇ T′2.
  • the differences between the reference temperatures are set as a hysteresis width to prevent control hunting.
  • step S 92 is performed to determine whether the tentative air outlet mode f1(TAO) is the face mode. If the determination result obtained in step S 92 indicates that the tentative air outlet mode f1(TAO) is the face mode, processing proceeds to step S 93 .
  • step S 92 determines whether the tentative air outlet mode f1(TAO) is the face mode. If, on the other hand, the determination result obtained in step S 92 does not indicate that the tentative air outlet mode f1(TAO) is the face mode, processing proceeds to step S 94 .
  • Step S 94 is performed to determine whether the blower level determined in step S 76 or S 78 is not higher than level 1, that is, the air flow rate of the blower 32 is extremely low.
  • step S 95 the defroster mode is determined as the current air outlet mode. Processing then proceeds to step S 10 . If, on the other hand, the determination result obtained in step S 94 indicates that the blower level is higher than level 1, processing proceeds to step S 93 .
  • step S 93 the tentative air outlet mode f1(TAO) determined in step S 91 is determined as the current air outlet mode. Processing then proceeds to step S 10 .
  • step S 10 a target opening SW of the air mix door 38 is calculated in accordance with the TAO, with the blown air temperature Te from the indoor evaporator 26 , which is detected by the evaporator temperature sensor 56 , and with a heater temperature.
  • the heater temperature is a value determined in accordance with the heating capability of a heating means (heater core 36 , indoor condenser 12 , and PTC heater 37 ) disposed in the heating cool air path 33 .
  • a heating means herein, the engine cooling water temperature Tw may be used as the value of the heater temperature.
  • the target opening SW can be calculated from Equation F2 below.
  • step S 11 the refrigerant discharge capability of the compressor 11 (or more specifically, the rotation speed of the compressor 11 ) is determined.
  • the control map stored in the air-conditioning control device 50 is referenced to determine a target blown air temperature TEO for the blown air temperature Te from the indoor evaporator 26 in accordance, for instance, with the TAO determined in step S 4 .
  • the deviation En (TEO ⁇ Te) between the target blown air temperature TEO and the blown air temperature Te is calculated.
  • a deviation change rate Edot (En ⁇ (En ⁇ 1)) is then determined by subtracting a previously calculated deviation En ⁇ 1 from the currently calculated deviation En.
  • the deviation change rate Edot (En ⁇ (En ⁇ 1)) is eventually used to determine the amount of rotation speed change ⁇ f_C from a previous compressor rotation speed fCn ⁇ 1 in accordance with a fuzzy inference based on membership functions and rules stored in the air-conditioning control device 50 .
  • the control map stored in the air-conditioning control device 50 is referenced to determine a target high pressure PDO for the discharge side refrigerant pressure (high-pressure side refrigerant pressure) Pd in accordance, for instance, with the heating heat exchanger target temperature determined in step S 4 .
  • the deviation Pn (PDO ⁇ Pd) between the target high pressure PDO and the discharge side refrigerant pressure Pd is calculated.
  • a deviation change rate Pdot (Pn ⁇ (Pn ⁇ 1)) is then determined by subtracting a previously calculated deviation Pn ⁇ 1 from the currently calculated deviation Pn.
  • the deviation change rate Pdot (Pn ⁇ (Pn ⁇ 1)) is eventually used to determine the amount of rotation speed change ⁇ f_H from a previous compressor rotation speed fHn ⁇ 1 in accordance with a fuzzy inference based on the membership functions and rules stored in the air-conditioning control device 50 .
  • step S 111 the amount of rotation speed change ⁇ f_C in the cooling mode (COOL cycle) is determined.
  • a fuzzy rule table which is used as a set of rules, is shown under step S 111 of FIG. 10 . This rule table determines the ⁇ f_C in such a manner as to prevent frost formation on the indoor evaporator 26 in accordance with the aforementioned deviation En and deviation change rate Edot.
  • step S 112 the amount of rotation speed change ⁇ f_H in the heating mode (HOT cycle), in the first dehumidification mode (DRY_EVA cycle), and in the second dehumidification mode (DRY_ALL cycle) is determined.
  • a fuzzy rule table which is used as a set of rules, is shown under step S 112 of FIG. 10 . This rule table determines the ⁇ f_H in such a manner as to avoid an abnormal increase in the high-pressure side refrigerant pressure Pd in accordance with the aforementioned deviation Pn and deviation change rate Pdot.
  • step S 113 is performed to determine whether the operation mode determined in step S 6 is the cooling mode. If the determination result obtained in step S 113 indicates that the operation mode determined in step S 6 is the cooling mode, processing proceeds to step S 114 . In step S 114 , the amount of rotation speed change ⁇ f in the compressor 11 is determined as the ⁇ f_C. Processing then proceeds to step S 116 .
  • step S 113 determines whether the operation mode determined in step S 6 is the cooling mode. If, on the other hand, the determination result obtained in step S 113 does not indicate that the operation mode determined in step S 6 is the cooling mode, processing proceeds to step S 115 .
  • step S 115 the amount of rotation speed change ⁇ f in the compressor 11 is determined as the ⁇ f_H. Processing then proceeds to step S 116 .
  • step S 116 the amount of rotation speed change ⁇ f is added to a previous compressor rotation speed fn ⁇ 1. The resultant value is determined as the current compressor rotation speed fn. Processing then proceeds to step S 12 .
  • a tentative compressor rotation speed determination in step S 116 is not performed on every control cycle ⁇ , but is performed at predetermined control intervals (at 1 -second intervals in the present embodiment).
  • step S 12 the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 and the operating status of the electric heating defogger are determined. If, for instance, the heating heat exchanger target temperature is not obtained even when the target opening SW for the air mix door 38 is 100% in the heating mode in a situation where the PTC heater needs to be energized in step S 6 , the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 should be determined in accordance with the difference between the inner air temperature Tr and the heating heat exchanger target temperature.
  • the electric heating defogger is energized.
  • step S 13 the operating status of each solenoid valve 13 - 24 , which is the refrigerant circuit selection means, is determined in accordance with the operation mode determined in step S 6 .
  • the cooling mode is determined as the operation mode
  • all the solenoid valves are de-energized as indicated in the table of FIG. 11 .
  • the heating mode is determined as the operation mode
  • the electric three-way valve 13 , the high-voltage solenoid valve 20 , and the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 are energized, whereas the remaining solenoid valves 21 , 24 are de-energized.
  • the electric three-way valve 13 , the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 , the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 , and the heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 are energized, whereas the high-voltage solenoid valve 20 are de-energized.
  • the electric three-way valve 13 , the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 , and the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 are energized, whereas the remaining solenoid valves 20 , 21 are de-energized.
  • the present embodiment is configured so as to shut off the power supply to at least one of the solenoid valves 13 - 24 no matter what operation mode is selected for refrigerant circuit selection purposes. This makes it possible to reduce the total power consumption of the solenoid valves 13 - 24 according to the present embodiment.
  • step S 14 the air-conditioning control device 50 outputs control signals and control voltages to various instruments 61 , 13 , 17 , 20 , 21 , 24 , 16 a , 32 , 62 , 63 , 64 in order to provide the controlled conditions determined in steps S 6 to S 13 .
  • a control signal is output to the inverter 61 of the electric motor 11 b for the compressor 11 so that the rotation speed of the compressor 11 coincides with the rotation speed determined in step S 11 .
  • step S 15 is performed to wait for a control cycle ⁇ .
  • processing proceeds to step S 16 .
  • the control cycle ⁇ is 250 ms. The reason is that passenger compartment air-conditioning control is not adversely affected even if it is exercised on a slower control cycle than, for example, engine control.
  • the amount of communication for passenger compartment air-conditioning control can be restricted to provide an adequate amount of communication for an engine control system or other control system that has to exercise high-speed control.
  • the engine control device controls the amount of electrical power to be supplied from the external power source in compliance with a request, that is, the amount of the electrical power to be supplied from the external power source in accordance, for instance, with a detection signal generated from a wattmeter for detecting the amount of electrical power supplied from the external power source.
  • the air-conditioning control device 50 performs step S 16 to output a signal to the engine control device to change its requested electrical power when the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 is operated while electrical power is supplied from the external power source.
  • the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 As the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 according to the present embodiment is controlled as described above, it operates as described below depending on the operation mode selected in control step S 6 .
  • the air-conditioning control device 50 de-energizes all the solenoid valves. Therefore, the electric three-way valve 13 connects the refrigerant outlet side of the indoor condenser 12 to one refrigerant inflow outlet of the first three-way joint 15 . Further, the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 closes, the high-voltage solenoid valve 20 opens, the heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 opens, and the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 closes.
  • a vapor compression type refrigeration cycle is formed as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 1 so that the refrigerant sequentially circulates from the compressor 11 through the indoor condenser 12 , the electric three-way valve 13 , the first three-way joint 15 , the outdoor heat exchanger 16 , the second three-way joint 19 , the high-voltage solenoid valve 20 , the second check valve 22 , the variable throttle mechanism portion 27 b of the thermostatic expansion valve 27 , the fourth three-way joint 25 , the indoor evaporator 26 , the thermosensitive portion 27 a of the thermostatic expansion valve 27 , the fifth three-way joint 28 , and the accumulator 29 to the compressor 11 .
  • the refrigerant flowing from the electric three-way valve 13 to the first three-way joint 15 does not flow toward the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 because the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 is closed.
  • the refrigerant flowing from the outdoor heat exchanger 16 to the second three-way joint 19 does not flow toward the heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 because the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 is closed.
  • the refrigerant flowing out of the variable throttle mechanism portion 27 b of the thermostatic expansion valve 27 does not flow toward the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 because the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 is closed.
  • the refrigerant flowing from the thermosensitive portion 27 a of the thermostatic expansion valve 27 to the fifth three-way joint 28 does not flow toward the second check valve 22 because of an action performed by the second check valve 22 .
  • the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 11 is cooled by heat exchange with the blown air (cool air) after passing through the indoor evaporator 26 , forwarded to the outdoor heat exchanger 16 , further cooled by heat exchange with the outer air, and decompressed and expanded by the thermostatic expansion valve 27 .
  • the low-pressure refrigerant which is decompressed by the thermostatic expansion valve 27 , flows into the indoor evaporator 26 , and evaporates as it absorbs heat from the air blown from the blower 32 . In this manner, the blown air passing through the indoor evaporator 26 is cooled.
  • part (or whole) of the blown air cooled by the indoor evaporator 26 flows from the cool air bypass path 34 into the mixing space 35 . Further, part (or whole) of the blown air cooled by the indoor evaporator 26 flows into the heating cool air path 33 , becomes reheated when it passes through the heater core 36 , the indoor condenser 12 , and the heater core 36 , and then flows into the mixing space 35 .
  • the cooling mode excels in the capability of dehumidifying the blown air, but hardly delivers a heating capability.
  • the refrigerant flowing out of the indoor evaporator 26 flows into the accumulator 29 through a thermosensitive portion 27 a of the thermostatic expansion valve 27 .
  • a gas-phase refrigerant, which is derived from gas-liquid separation in the accumulator 29 is taken into the compressor 11 and compressed again.
  • the air-conditioning control device 50 energizes the electric three-way valve 13 , the high-voltage solenoid valve 20 , and the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 , and de-energizes the remaining solenoid valves 21 , 24 . Therefore, the electric three-way valve 13 connects the refrigerant outlet side of the indoor condenser 12 to the refrigerant inlet side of the fixed throttle 14 . Further, the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 opens, the high-voltage solenoid valve 20 closes, the heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 opens, and the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 closes.
  • a vapor compression type refrigeration cycle is formed as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 2 so that the refrigerant sequentially circulates from the compressor 11 through the indoor condenser 12 , the electric three-way valve 13 , the fixed throttle 14 , the third three-way joint 23 , the heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 , the second three-way joint 19 , the outdoor heat exchanger 16 , the first three-way joint 15 , the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 , the first check valve 18 , the fifth three-way joint 28 , and the accumulator 29 to the compressor 11 .
  • the refrigerant flowing from the fixed throttle 14 to the third three-way joint 23 does not flow toward the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 because the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 is closed. Further, the refrigerant flowing from the heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 to the second three-way joint 19 does not flow toward the high-voltage solenoid valve 20 because the high-voltage solenoid valve 20 is closed.
  • the refrigerant flowing from the outdoor heat exchanger 16 to the first three-way joint 15 does not flow toward the electric three-way valve 13 because the electric three-way valve 13 is connected between the refrigerant outlet side of the indoor condenser 12 and the refrigerant inlet side of the fixed throttle 14 .
  • the refrigerant flowing from the first check valve 18 to the fifth three-way joint 28 does not flow toward the thermostatic expansion valve 27 because the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 is closed.
  • the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 11 is cooled in the indoor condenser 12 by heat exchange with the blown air supplied from the blower 32 .
  • the blown air passing through the indoor condenser 12 is heated.
  • the opening of the air mix door 38 is adjusted. Therefore, as is the case with the cooling mode, the temperature of the air to be blown into the passenger compartment after being mixed in the mixing space 35 is adjusted to a desired level for heating the passenger compartment.
  • the heating mode does not exercise a function of dehumidifying the blown air.
  • the refrigerant flowing out of the indoor condenser 12 flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 16 after being decompressed by the fixed throttle 14 .
  • the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 16 evaporates as it absorbs heat from the outer air that is blown from the outside of the passenger compartment by the blower fan 16 a .
  • the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 flows into the accumulator 29 through the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 , the first check valve 18 , and the like.
  • a gas-phase refrigerant, which is derived from gas-liquid separation in the accumulator 29 is taken into the compressor 11 and compressed again.
  • the air-conditioning control device 50 energizes the electric three-way valve 13 , the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 , the heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 , and the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 , and de-energizes the high-voltage solenoid valve 20 . Therefore, the electric three-way valve 13 connects the refrigerant outlet side of the indoor condenser 12 to the refrigerant inlet side of the fixed throttle 14 . Further, the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 opens, the high-voltage solenoid valve 20 opens, the heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 closes, and the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 opens.
  • a vapor compression type refrigeration cycle is formed as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 3 so that the refrigerant sequentially circulates from the compressor 11 through the indoor condenser 12 , the electric three-way valve 13 , the fixed throttle 14 , the third three-way joint 23 , the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 , the fourth three-way joint 25 , the indoor evaporator 26 , the thermosensitive portion 27 a of the thermostatic expansion valve 27 , the fifth three-way joint 28 , and the accumulator 29 to the compressor 11 .
  • the refrigerant flowing from the fixed throttle 14 to the third three-way joint 23 does not flow toward the heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 because the heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 is closed. Further, the refrigerant flowing from the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 to the fourth three-way joint 25 does not flow toward the variable throttle mechanism portion 27 b of the thermostatic expansion valve 27 because of an action performed by the second check valve 22 . Furthermore, the refrigerant flowing from the thermosensitive portion 27 a of the thermostatic expansion valve 27 to the fifth three-way joint 28 does not flow toward the first check valve 18 because of an action performed by the first check valve 18 .
  • the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 11 is cooled in the indoor condenser 12 by heat exchange with the blown air (cool air) after passing through the indoor evaporator 26 .
  • the refrigerant flowing out of the indoor condenser 12 flows into the indoor evaporator 26 after being decompressed by the fixed throttle 14 .
  • the low-pressure refrigerant flowing into the indoor evaporator 26 evaporates as it absorbs heat from the air blown from the blower 32 . This ensures that the blown air passing through the indoor evaporator 26 is cooled and dehumidified. Therefore, the blown air cooled and dehumidified by the indoor evaporator 26 is heated again when it passes through the heater core 36 , the indoor condenser 12 , and the heater core 36 , and is blown out of the mixing space 35 into the passenger compartment. In other words, the passenger compartment can be dehumidified.
  • the first dehumidification mode can exercise a function of dehumidifying the blown air, but has a limited heating capability.
  • the refrigerant flowing out of the indoor evaporator 26 flows into the accumulator 29 through the thermosensitive portion 27 a of the thermostatic expansion valve 27 .
  • a gas-phase refrigerant, which is derived from gas-liquid separation in the accumulator 29 is taken into the compressor 11 and compressed again.
  • the air-conditioning control device 50 energizes the electric three-way valve 13 , the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 , and the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 , and de-energizes the remaining solenoid valves 20 , 21 . Therefore, the electric three-way valve 13 connects the refrigerant outlet side of the indoor condenser 12 to the refrigerant inlet side of the fixed throttle 14 . Further, the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 opens, the high-voltage solenoid valve 20 opens, the heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 opens, and the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 opens.
  • a vapor compression type refrigeration cycle is formed as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 4 so that the refrigerant sequentially circulates from the compressor 11 through the indoor condenser 12 , the electric three-way valve 13 , the fixed throttle 14 , the third three-way joint 23 , the heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 , the second three-way joint 19 , the outdoor heat exchanger 16 , the first three-way joint 15 , the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 , the first check valve 18 , the fifth three-way joint 28 , and the accumulator 29 to the compressor 11 , and that the refrigerant also sequentially circulates from the compressor 11 through the indoor condenser 12 , the electric three-way valve 13 , the fixed throttle 14 , the third three-way joint 23 , the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 , the fourth three-way joint 25 , the indoor evaporator 26 , the thermosensitive portion 27 a of the thermostatic expansion valve 27 , the fifth three-way
  • the refrigerant flowing from the fixed throttle 14 to the third three-way joint 23 flows toward the heat exchanger shut-off solenoid valve 21 and toward the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 .
  • the refrigerant flowing from the first check valve 18 to the fifth three-way joint 28 and the refrigerant flowing from the thermosensitive portion 27 a of the thermostatic expansion valve 27 to the fifth three-way joint 28 converge at the fifth three-way joint 28 and flow toward the accumulator 29 .
  • the refrigerant flowing from the outdoor heat exchanger 16 to the first three-way joint 15 does not flow toward the electric three-way valve 13 because the electric three-way valve 13 is connected between the refrigerant outlet side of the indoor condenser 12 and the refrigerant inlet side of the fixed throttle 14 .
  • the refrigerant flowing from the dehumidification solenoid valve 24 to the fourth three-way joint 25 does not flow toward the variable throttle mechanism portion 27 b of the thermostatic expansion valve 27 because of an action performed by the second check valve 22 .
  • the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 11 is cooled in the indoor condenser 12 by heat exchange with the blown air (cool air) after passing through the indoor evaporator 26 .
  • the refrigerant flowing out of the indoor condenser 12 is decompressed by the fixed throttle 14 .
  • the decompressed refrigerant then branches at the third three-way joint 23 and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 16 and into the indoor evaporator 26 .
  • the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 16 evaporates as it absorbs heat from the outer air that is blown from the outside of the passenger compartment by the blower fan 16 a .
  • the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 flows into the fifth three-way joint 28 through the low-voltage solenoid valve 17 , the first check valve 18 , and the like.
  • the low-pressure refrigerant flowing into the indoor evaporator 26 evaporates as it absorbs heat from the air blown from the blower 32 . This ensures that the blown air passing through the indoor evaporator 26 is cooled and dehumidified.
  • the second dehumidification mode differs from the first dehumidification mode in that the former enables the indoor condenser 12 to release the heat absorbed by the outdoor heat exchanger 16 . Therefore, the second dehumidification mode can heat the blown air to a higher temperature than the first dehumidification mode. In other words, the second dehumidification mode can provide dehumidification and heating at a time, that is, deliver a dehumidification capability while delivering a high heating capability.
  • the refrigerant flowing out of the indoor evaporator 26 flows into the fifth three-way joint 28 , joins with the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 , and flows into the accumulator 29 .
  • a gas-phase refrigerant, which is derived from gas-liquid separation in the accumulator 29 is taken into the compressor 11 and compressed again.
  • each of the refrigerant circuit in the cooling mode, the refrigerant circuit in the heating mode, and the refrigerant circuit in the first dehumidification mode may be expressed as a refrigerant circuit in a single heat exchanger mode in which the refrigerant taken into the compressor 11 is distributed to either the outdoor heat exchanger 16 or the indoor heat exchanger (or more specifically, the indoor condenser 12 and the indoor evaporator 26 ).
  • the refrigerant circuit in the second dehumidification mode may be expressed as a refrigerant circuit in a complex heat exchanger mode in which the refrigerant taken into the compressor 11 is distributed to both the outdoor heat exchanger 16 and the indoor heat exchanger (or more specifically, the indoor evaporator 26 ).
  • the blower motor voltage can be increased with an increase in the passenger compartment temperature setting Tset, which is set as desired by the occupant. It means that the availability factor of the blower 32 can be increased as the passenger compartment temperature setting Tset increases.
  • the air flow rate can be increased in accordance with the intention of the occupant even when the engine cooling water temperature is low.
  • an improved comfort can be provided for the occupant if the occupant wishes to increase the air flow rate when the engine cooling water temperature is low.
  • step S 707 the first tentative blower level f(TAO) determined in step S 703 and the sum of the second tentative blower level f(TW) determined in step S 704 and the addition blower level f(temperature setting) determined in step S 706 are compared to determine the smaller of these two values as the current blower level. Therefore, an excessive increase in the air flow rate can be avoided when the passenger compartment temperature setting Tset is excessively increased by the occupant. Further, as an excessive increase in the air flow rate is avoided, it is also possible to avoid an excessive decrease in the blown air temperature.
  • a second embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIG. 12 .
  • the second embodiment is obtained by modifying the control aspect of the blower 32 according to the first embodiment, which is described earlier.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a control process that corresponds to the control process shown in FIG. 8 , which depicts the first embodiment.
  • step S 721 is performed to determine whether the auto switch on the operation panel 60 is turned on, as is the case with the first embodiment. If the determination result obtained in step S 721 does not indicate that the auto switch is turned on, processing proceeds to step S 722 .
  • Step S 722 is performed to determine the blower motor voltage that provides an air flow rate desired by the occupant, which is set by the air flow rate setup switch on the operation panel 60 , as is the case with the first embodiment. Upon completion of step S 722 , processing proceeds to step 8 .
  • step S 721 If, on the other hand, the determination result obtained in step S 721 indicates that the auto switch is turned on, processing proceeds to step S 723 .
  • Step S 723 is performed to determine whether the economy switch on the operation panel 60 is turned on (whether an eco mode is selected).
  • step S 723 If the determination result obtained in step S 723 does not indicate that the economy switch is turned on, processing proceeds to step S 724 .
  • step S 724 the control map stored in the air-conditioning control device 50 is referenced to determine a first tentative blower level f1A(TAO) in accordance with the target blown air temperature TAO determined in step S 4 .
  • the present embodiment maximizes the first tentative blower level f1A(TAO) in an extremely low temperature region (maximum cooling region) of the TAO and in an extremely high temperature region (maximum heating region) and exercises control to substantially maximize the air flow rate of the blower 32 . Further, if the TAO increases from the extremely low temperature region toward an intermediate temperature region, the present embodiment lowers the first tentative blower level f1A(TAO) in accordance with an increase in the TAO, thereby decreasing the air flow rate of the blower 32 .
  • the present embodiment lowers the first tentative blower level f1A(TAO) in accordance with a decrease in the TAO, thereby decreasing the air flow rate of the blower 32 . Moreover, if the TAO is within a predetermined intermediate temperature region, the present embodiment minimizes the first tentative blower level f1A(TAO) to minimize the air flow rate of the blower 32 .
  • a second tentative blower level f2A(TW) is determined.
  • the second tentative blower level f2A(TW) is used in the heating mode to adjust the blower level in accordance with the engine cooling water temperature Tw and with the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 .
  • a diagram depicting the relationship between the engine cooling water temperature Tw and the second tentative blower level f2A(TW), which is shown under step S 725 is complied with. More specifically, if the engine cooling water temperature Tw is in a low temperature region lower than a predetermined first reference temperature T1, the blower level is set to level 0 (zero), namely, the blower 32 is stopped. If, on the other hand, the engine cooling water temperature Tw is not lower than the first reference temperature T1, the second tentative blower level f2A(TW) is determined in such a manner that the blower level rises in accordance with an increase in the engine cooling water temperature Tw.
  • the operation of the blower 32 can be stopped when the heater core 36 cannot heat the blown air because the temperature of the cooling water flowing in the heater core 36 is lower than the first reference temperature T1. This makes it possible to inhibit the occupant from feeling improperly air-conditioned as insufficiently heated air is blown toward the occupant.
  • the PTC heater 37 If, in the above instance, the PTC heater 37 is energized, it can heat the blown air even when the engine cooling water temperature Tw is low. In step S 725 , therefore, the first reference temperature T1 is lowered in accordance with an increase in the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 , which is determined in later-described step S 12 . In other words, the availability factor of the blower 32 is increased with an increase in the availability factor of the PTC heater 37 . As a result, the engine cooling water temperature Tw at which the blower 32 starts running decreases with an increase in the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 .
  • the blower level rises at a constant rate in accordance with an increase in the engine cooling water temperature Tw no matter whether the PTC heater 37 is energized.
  • the degree of increase in the availability factor of the blower 32 with respect to increase in the availability factor of the PTC heater 37 is smaller than when the engine cooling water temperature Tw is lower than the first reference temperature T1.
  • the second tentative blower level f2A(TW) is set to level 0 (zero) to stop the operation of the blower 32 .
  • setup is performed so that the first reference temperature T1 sequentially decreases from 40° C. through 37° C. and 34° C. to 30° C. when the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 increases from 0 (zero) through 1 and 2 to 3.
  • the second tentative blower level f2A(TW) is gradually increased with an increase in the engine cooling water temperature Tw without regard to the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 . If the engine cooling water temperature Tw rises to a second reference temperature T2 (e.g., 70° C.) or higher, the second tentative blower level f2A(TW) is set to a maximum value (e.g., level 30).
  • the second tentative blower level f2A(TW) is gradually decreased with a decrease in the engine cooling water temperature Tw. If the engine cooling water temperature Tw is lower than a fourth reference temperature T4 and not lower than a fifth reference temperature T5, the second tentative blower level f2A(TW) is set to an extremely small value (e.g., level 1).
  • setup is performed so that the fourth reference temperature T4 sequentially decreases from 36° C. through 33° C. and 30° C. to 26° C. when the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 increases from 0 (zero) through 1 and 2 to 3.
  • Setup is also performed so that the fifth reference temperature T5 sequentially decreases from 29° C. through 26° C. and 23° C. to 19° C. when the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 increases from 0 (zero) through 1 and 2 to 3.
  • the second tentative blower level f2A(TW) is set to level 0 (zero) to stop the operation of the blower 32 .
  • the relationship between the first to fifth reference temperatures is such that T2>T3>T1>T4>T5.
  • the differences between the reference temperatures are set as a hysteresis width to prevent control hunting.
  • step S 726 is performed to determine whether the air outlet mode, which is to be determined in later-described step S 9 , is one of the foot mode, bi-level mode, and foot/defroster mode. If the determination result obtained in step S 726 indicates that the air outlet mode is one of the foot mode, bi-level mode, and foot/defroster mode, processing proceeds to step S 727 .
  • step S 727 the first tentative blower level f1A(TAO) determined in step S 724 is compared to the second tentative blower level f2A(TW) determined in step S 725 , and then the smaller of these two values is determined as the current blower level.
  • processing proceeds to step S 728 .
  • step S 728 the control map stored in the air-conditioning control device 50 is referenced to determine the blower motor voltage in accordance with the current blower level determined in step S 727 . Processing then proceeds to step S 8 .
  • step S 728 the blower motor voltage is set to a voltage of 0 V. If, on the other hand, the blower level is not lower than level 1, the blower motor voltage is increased with an increase in the blower level. If the blower level is higher than level 30, the blower motor voltage is set to a maximum voltage (12 V).
  • step S 726 determines whether the air outlet mode is one of the foot mode, bi-level mode, and foot/defroster mode.
  • step S 729 the first tentative blower level f1A(TAO) determined in step S 724 is determined as the current blower level. Processing then proceeds to step S 730 .
  • the first tentative blower level f1A(TAO) is determined as the current blower level without regard to the second tentative blower level f2A(TW) for adjusting the blower level in the heating mode.
  • step S 730 the control map stored in the air-conditioning control device 50 is referenced to determine the blower motor voltage in accordance with the current blower level determined in step S 729 , as is the case with step S 728 . Processing then proceeds to step S 8 .
  • the control map used in step S 730 will not be described because it is the same as the control map used in step S 728 .
  • step S 731 the control map stored in the air-conditioning control device 50 is referenced to determine a first tentative blower level f1B(TAO) in accordance with the target blown air temperature TAO determined in step S 4 .
  • the present embodiment maximizes the first tentative blower level f1B(TAO) in an extremely low temperature region (maximum cooling region) of the TAO and in an extremely high temperature region (maximum heating region) and exercises control to substantially maximize the air flow rate of the blower 32 . Further, if the TAO increases from the extremely low temperature region toward an intermediate temperature region, the present embodiment lowers the first tentative blower level f1B(TAO) in accordance with an increase in the TAO, thereby decreasing the air flow rate of the blower 32 .
  • the present embodiment lowers the first tentative blower level f1B(TAO) in accordance with a decrease in the TAO, thereby decreasing the air flow rate of the blower 32 . Moreover, if the TAO is within a predetermined intermediate temperature region, the present embodiment minimizes the first tentative blower level f1B(TAO) to minimize the air flow rate of the blower 32 .
  • the first tentative blower level f1B(TAO) determined in the above instance is smaller than the first tentative blower level f1A(TAO) determined in step S 724 .
  • a second tentative blower level f2B(TW) is determined.
  • the second tentative blower level f2B(TW) is used in the heating mode to adjust the blower level in accordance with the engine cooling water temperature Tw and with the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 .
  • a diagram depicting the relationship between the engine cooling water temperature Tw and the second tentative blower level f2B(TW), which is shown under step S 732 is complied with. More specifically, if the engine cooling water temperature Tw is in a low temperature region lower than a predetermined first reference temperature T1, the blower level is set to level 0 (zero), namely, the blower 32 is stopped. If, on the other hand, the engine cooling water temperature Tw is not lower than the first reference temperature T1, the second tentative blower level f2B(TW) is determined in such a manner that the blower level rises in accordance with an increase in the engine cooling water temperature Tw.
  • the operation of the blower 32 can be stopped when the heater core 36 cannot heat the blown air because the temperature of the cooling water flowing in the heater core 36 is lower than the first reference temperature T1. This makes it possible to inhibit the occupant from feeling improperly air-conditioned as insufficiently heated air is blown toward the occupant.
  • step S 732 If, in the above instance, the PTC heater 37 is energized, it can heat the blown air even when the engine cooling water temperature Tw is low. In step S 732 , therefore, the first reference temperature T1 is lowered in accordance with an increase in the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 , which is determined in later-described step S 12 . In other words, the availability factor of the blower 32 is increased with an increase in the availability factor of the PTC heater 37 . As a result, the engine cooling water temperature Tw at which the blower 32 starts running decreases with an increase in the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 .
  • the blower level rises at a constant rate in accordance with an increase in the engine cooling water temperature Tw no matter whether the PTC heater 37 is energized.
  • the degree of increase in the availability factor of the blower 32 with respect to increase in the availability factor of the PTC heater 37 is smaller than when the engine cooling water temperature Tw is lower than the first reference temperature T1.
  • the second tentative blower level f2B(TW) is set to level 0 (zero) to stop the operation of the blower 32 .
  • setup is performed so that the first reference temperature T1 sequentially decreases from 40° C. through 37° C. and 34° C. to 30° C. when the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 increases from 0 (zero) through 1 and 2 to 3.
  • the second tentative blower level f2B(TW) is gradually increased with an increase in the engine cooling water temperature Tw without regard to the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 . If the engine cooling water temperature Tw rises to a second reference temperature T2 (e.g., 70° C.) or higher, the second tentative blower level f2B(TW) is set to a maximum value (e.g., level 25).
  • the maximum value selected for the second tentative blower level f2B(TW) is smaller than for the second tentative blower level f2A(TW) in step S 732 .
  • the second tentative blower level f2B(TW) is gradually decreased with a decrease in the engine cooling water temperature Tw. If the engine cooling water temperature Tw is lower than a fourth reference temperature T4 and not lower than a fifth reference temperature T5, the second tentative blower level f2B(TW) is set to an extremely small value (e.g., level 1).
  • setup is performed so that the fourth reference temperature T4 sequentially decreases from 36° C. through 33° C. and 30° C. to 26° C. when the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 increases from 0 (zero) through 1 and 2 to 3.
  • Setup is also performed so that the fifth reference temperature T5 sequentially decreases from 29° C. through 26° C. and 23° C. to 19° C. when the number of energized units of the PTC heater 37 increases from 0 (zero) through 1 and 2 to 3.
  • the second tentative blower level f2B(TW) is set to level 0 (zero) to stop the operation of the blower 32 .
  • the relationship between the first to fifth reference temperatures is such that T2>T3>T1>T4>T5.
  • the differences between the reference temperatures are set as a hysteresis width to prevent control hunting.
  • step S 725 the same control map as used in step S 725 is referenced in step S 732 to determine the second tentative blower level f2A(TW) as well.
  • step S 733 is performed to determine whether the air outlet mode, which is to be determined in later-described step S 9 , is one of the foot mode, bi-level mode, and foot/defroster mode. If the determination result obtained in step S 733 indicates that the air outlet mode is one of the foot mode, bi-level mode, and foot/defroster mode, processing proceeds to step S 734 .
  • step S 734 the control map stored in the air-conditioning control device 50 is referenced to determine an addition blower level f(temperature setting) in accordance with the passenger compartment temperature setting Tset selected by the passenger compartment temperature setup switch 60 t .
  • the addition blower level f(temperature setting) is a value used in the heating mode to adjust the blower level in accordance with the passenger compartment temperature setting Tset.
  • step S 734 the addition blower level f(temperature setting) is set to a minimum value (level 1). If, on the other hand, the passenger compartment temperature setting Tset is not lower than 26° C., the addition blower level f(temperature setting) is increased with an increase in the passenger compartment temperature setting Tset. If the passenger compartment temperature setting Tset is higher than 30° C., the addition blower level f(temperature setting) is set to a maximum value (level 10).
  • step S 735 the first tentative blower level f1B(TAO) determined in step S 731 , the sum of the second tentative blower level f2B(TW) determined in step S 732 and the addition blower level f(temperature setting) determined in step S 734 , and the second tentative blower level f2A(TW) determined in step S 732 are compared. The smallest of these values is then determined as the current blower level, and processing proceeds to step S 736 .
  • step S 736 the control map stored in the air-conditioning control device 50 is referenced to determine the blower motor voltage in accordance with the current blower level determined in step S 735 . Processing then proceeds to step S 8 .
  • step S 736 the blower motor voltage is set to a voltage of 0 V. If, on the other hand, the blower level is not lower than level 1, the blower motor voltage is increased with an increase in the blower level. If the blower level is higher than level 30, the blower motor voltage is set to a maximum voltage (12 V).
  • step S 733 determines whether the air outlet mode is one of the foot mode, bi-level mode, and foot/defroster mode.
  • step S 729 the first tentative blower level f1B(TAO) determined in step S 731 is determined as the current blower level. Processing then proceeds to step S 730 .
  • the first tentative blower level f1B(TAO) is determined as the current blower level without regard to the second tentative blower level f2B(TW) for adjusting the blower level in the heating mode.
  • step S 730 the control map stored in the air-conditioning control device 50 is referenced to determine the blower motor voltage in accordance with the current blower level determined in step S 735 , as is the case with step S 736 . Processing then proceeds to step S 8 .
  • the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 is configured so that when the economy switch is turned on, the higher the passenger compartment temperature setting Tset, which is set by the passenger compartment temperature setup switch 60 t , the greater the determined addition blower level f(temperature setting), as described with reference to control steps S 734 to S 736 . Therefore, the blower motor voltage can be increased with an increase in the passenger compartment temperature setting Tset, which is set as desired by the occupant. It means that the availability factor of the blower 32 can be increased as the passenger compartment temperature setting Tset increases.
  • the air flow rate can be increased in accordance with the intention of the occupant even when the engine cooling water temperature is low in the eco mode.
  • an improved comfort can be provided for the occupant if the occupant wishes to increase the air flow rate when the engine cooling water temperature is low in the eco mode.
  • step S 735 the first tentative blower level f1B(TAO) determined in step S 731 , the sum of the second tentative blower level f2B(TW) determined in step S 732 and the addition blower level f(temperature setting) determined in step S 734 , and the second tentative blower level f2A(TW) determined in step S 732 are compared to determine the smallest of these values as the current blower level. Therefore, an excessive increase in the air flow rate can be avoided when the passenger compartment temperature setting Tset is excessively increased by the occupant. Further, as an excessive increase in the air flow rate is avoided, it is also possible to avoid an excessive decrease in the blown air temperature.
  • the first tentative blower level f1B(TAO) determined in the eco mode is lower than the first tentative blower level f1A(TAO) determined in a mode other than the eco mode
  • the second tentative blower level f2B(TW) determined in the eco mode is lower than the second tentative blower level f2A(TW) determined in a mode other than the eco mode. Therefore, the blower motor voltage (the availability factor of the blower 32 ) in the eco mode can be lower than the blower motor voltage in a mode other than the eco mode. This makes it possible to not only increase the air flow rate in accordance with the intention of the occupant, but also provide power savings in accordance with the intention of the occupant.
  • the refrigeration cycle 10 employed in the foregoing embodiments is configured so that the refrigerant circuits for the cooling mode, the heating mode, the first dehumidification mode, and the second dehumidification mode can be selectively used.
  • the refrigeration cycle 10 used in a third embodiment of the present invention does not have a function for selecting various refrigerant circuits, as shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the refrigeration cycle 10 according to the third embodiment is formed by circularly connecting the compressor 11 , the outdoor heat exchanger 16 , the thermostatic expansion valve 27 , and the indoor evaporator 26 in the order named.
  • the refrigeration cycle 10 according to the present embodiment functions to cool the air to be blown into the passenger compartment from the blower.
  • the refrigeration cycle 10 according to the present embodiment is configured to be capable of providing the cooling mode of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the refrigeration cycle 10 according to the present embodiment does not include the solenoid valves 13 - 24 that act as the refrigerant circuit selection means. Further, the refrigeration cycle 10 according to the present embodiment does not include the accumulator 29 that is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the compressor 11 . Instead, the refrigeration cycle 10 according to the present embodiment includes a receiver 29 a that acts as a high-pressure side gas-liquid separator that receives the refrigerant from the outdoor heat exchanger 16 , separates the received refrigerant into a gas and a liquid, and stores an excess refrigerant.
  • the other elements are the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • the operation of the present embodiment is basically performed in accordance with the flowchart of FIG. 7 , which depicts the first embodiment.
  • steps, for example, S 6 and S 13 which are performed to exercise control concerning refrigerant circuit selection, are not exercised in the present embodiment.
  • step, for example, S 112 of FIG. 10 which depicts the first embodiment and is performed to exercise control concerning an operation mode other than the cooling mode, is not exercised in the present embodiment.
  • control step S 113 of FIG. 11 which depicts the first embodiment and is performed to determine whether the selected operation mode is the cooling mode, is not performed in the present embodiment. More specifically, control step S 113 of FIG. 11 , for example, need not be performed. Alternatively, step S 113 may be performed to constantly determine that the selected operation mode is the cooling mode.
  • the present embodiment provides the same advantages as the foregoing embodiments.
  • the addition blower level f(temperature setting) is linearly raised in control steps S 706 and S 734 when the passenger compartment temperature Tset rises.
  • the addition blower level f(temperature setting) may be raised stepwise.
  • the first and second embodiments use the refrigeration cycle 10 that changes the refrigerant circuit as needed to heat or cool the blown air to be supplied to the passenger compartment.
  • the third embodiment uses the refrigeration cycle 10 that cools the blown air.
  • an alternative is to employ a heat pump cycle that heats the blown air by using a radiator for dissipating the heat of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 as an indoor heat exchanger and by using an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant as an outdoor heat exchanger.
  • the driving force for running the plug-in hybrid vehicle has not been described in detail.
  • the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 is applicable to both a parallel hybrid vehicle and a serial hybrid vehicle.
  • the parallel hybrid vehicle can run by directly acquiring the driving force from both the engine EG and the driving electric motor.
  • the serial hybrid vehicle uses the engine EG as a driving source for the generator 80 , stores the generated electrical power in the battery 81 , supplies the electrical power stored in the battery 81 to the driving electric motor, and runs by acquiring the driving force from the driving electric motor.
  • the air conditioner for a vehicle 1 can also be applied to an electric vehicle that does not include the engine EG and acquires the vehicle driving force from only the driving electric motor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
US14/116,221 2011-08-08 2012-07-03 Air conditioner for vehicle Abandoned US20140102666A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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JP2011173006A JP5533816B2 (ja) 2011-08-08 2011-08-08 車両用空調装置
JP2011-173006 2011-08-08
PCT/JP2012/066978 WO2013021753A1 (ja) 2011-08-08 2012-07-03 車両用空調装置

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JP (1) JP5533816B2 (ja)
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DE (1) DE112012003314T5 (ja)
WO (1) WO2013021753A1 (ja)

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FR3026172A1 (fr) * 2014-09-24 2016-03-25 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Procede de pilotage d'une installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation et installation correspondante, avec limitation de debit d'air
FR3026173A1 (fr) * 2014-09-24 2016-03-25 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Procede de pilotage d'une installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation et installation correspondante, avec utilisation d'un dispositif de chauffage electrique
US20170021695A1 (en) * 2015-07-23 2017-01-26 Hanon Systems Modular designed high performance heat pump system for a vehicle with low waste heat radiation
US20170210203A1 (en) * 2016-01-22 2017-07-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Consumption-optimization system for motor vehicles by adapting the passenger compartment air conditioning
US20180202440A1 (en) * 2017-01-18 2018-07-19 Lg Electronics Inc. Scroll compressor
US10391836B2 (en) * 2013-10-07 2019-08-27 Sanden Holdings Corporation Vehicle air-conditioning device
CN113928076A (zh) * 2020-06-29 2022-01-14 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 低温环境的汽车空调控制方法和汽车
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WO2017193851A1 (zh) * 2016-05-10 2017-11-16 比亚迪股份有限公司 热泵空调系统及电动汽车
CN107356021B (zh) * 2016-05-10 2019-11-22 比亚迪股份有限公司 热泵空调系统及电动汽车
CN107356023B (zh) * 2016-05-10 2019-12-10 比亚迪股份有限公司 热泵空调系统及电动汽车
CN107356004B (zh) * 2016-05-10 2021-04-20 比亚迪股份有限公司 热泵空调系统及电动汽车
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CN107356020B (zh) * 2016-05-10 2021-04-20 比亚迪股份有限公司 热泵空调系统及电动汽车
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US20150151609A1 (en) * 2012-06-13 2015-06-04 Sanden Corporation Vehicl air conditioning apparatus
US10052937B2 (en) * 2012-06-13 2018-08-21 Sanden Holdings Corporation Vehicle air conditioning apparatus
US9895956B2 (en) * 2012-06-13 2018-02-20 Sanden Holdings Corporation Vehicle air conditioning apparatus for low outside air temperature use
US10946719B2 (en) * 2013-10-07 2021-03-16 Sanden Holdings Corporation Vehicle air-conditioning device
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FR3026172A1 (fr) * 2014-09-24 2016-03-25 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Procede de pilotage d'une installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation et installation correspondante, avec limitation de debit d'air
FR3026173A1 (fr) * 2014-09-24 2016-03-25 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Procede de pilotage d'une installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation et installation correspondante, avec utilisation d'un dispositif de chauffage electrique
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US11097597B2 (en) * 2016-01-22 2021-08-24 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Consumption-optimization system for motor vehicles by adapting the passenger compartment air conditioning
US20170210203A1 (en) * 2016-01-22 2017-07-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Consumption-optimization system for motor vehicles by adapting the passenger compartment air conditioning
US10890182B2 (en) * 2017-01-18 2021-01-12 Lg Electronics Inc. Scroll compressor having check valve and passage that communicates a discharge port with a discharge space when the check valve is closed
US20180202440A1 (en) * 2017-01-18 2018-07-19 Lg Electronics Inc. Scroll compressor
US11358438B2 (en) * 2017-08-08 2022-06-14 Hangzhou Sanhua Research Institute Co., Ltd. Automotive air conditioning system
US11267315B2 (en) * 2017-10-02 2022-03-08 Marelli Cabin Comfort Japan Corporation Air-conditioning device
US11772449B2 (en) 2018-08-10 2023-10-03 Sanden Corporation Vehicle air conditioning device
CN113928076A (zh) * 2020-06-29 2022-01-14 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 低温环境的汽车空调控制方法和汽车

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CN103717423A (zh) 2014-04-09
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WO2013021753A1 (ja) 2013-02-14
JP2013035406A (ja) 2013-02-21

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