US20140091238A1 - Energy degrader and charged particle beam irradiation system equipped therewith - Google Patents

Energy degrader and charged particle beam irradiation system equipped therewith Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140091238A1
US20140091238A1 US14/098,026 US201314098026A US2014091238A1 US 20140091238 A1 US20140091238 A1 US 20140091238A1 US 201314098026 A US201314098026 A US 201314098026A US 2014091238 A1 US2014091238 A1 US 2014091238A1
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Prior art keywords
energy
attenuating
particle beam
charged particle
degrader
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Abandoned
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US14/098,026
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English (en)
Inventor
Takuya Miyashita
Takamasa Ueda
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Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd
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Assigned to SUMITOMO HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. reassignment SUMITOMO HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MIYASHITA, TAKUYA, UEDA, TAKAMASA
Publication of US20140091238A1 publication Critical patent/US20140091238A1/en
Priority to US14/607,658 priority Critical patent/US9390826B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/10—Scattering devices; Absorbing devices; Ionising radiation filters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1042—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy with spatial modulation of the radiation beam within the treatment head
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N2005/1085—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy characterised by the type of particles applied to the patient
    • A61N2005/1087—Ions; Protons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N2005/1092—Details
    • A61N2005/1095—Elements inserted into the radiation path within the system, e.g. filters or wedges

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an energy degrader that attenuates the energy of a charged particle beam, and a charged particle beam irradiation system equipped therewith.
  • a cyclotron acceleration
  • ions charged particles
  • transportation line that transports the charged particles accelerated by the cyclotron
  • rotatable irradiation device rotating gantry
  • a degrader in which a beam absorber (attenuating material) is inserted into a beam line (transportation line) to attenuate beam energy is disclosed in a technique described in the related art.
  • an energy degrader including a plurality of attenuating members with different amounts of energy to be attenuated configured to attenuate the energy of an incident charged particle beam, the plurality of attenuating members.
  • a low-energy-side attenuating member which is the attenuating member with a larger amount of energy to be attenuated is made of a material having a higher transmittance of the charged particle beam than that of a high-energy-side attenuating member that is the attenuating member with a smaller amount of energy to be attenuated.
  • FIG. 1 is an arrangement view of a particle beam treatment system related to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an energy degrader related to the embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an energy degrader related to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an energy degrader related to a further embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an energy degrader related to a still further embodiment of the invention.
  • the energy of the charged particle beam is adjusted based on the irradiation position (depth) of a body to be irradiated.
  • An energy degrader having an attenuating material is used for the adjustment of energy of the charged particle beam.
  • the attenuating material graphite that is not easily radioactivated and is inexpensive is adopted.
  • the amount of energy to be attenuated is adjusted by changing a length by which the charged particle beam is transmitted through the attenuating material made of the same material.
  • the plurality of attenuating members having different amounts of energy attenuation are provided, and the low-energy-side attenuating member with a larger amount of energy attenuation is formed from a material having a higher transmittance than the high-energy-side attenuating member with a smaller amount of energy attenuation. Therefore, a reduction in the transmittance of the low-energy-side proton beam can be mitigated. As a result, in a low energy region (for example, 70 MeV or lower), a reduction in the number of protons that are transmitted through the attenuating members can be suppressed.
  • the amount of energy attenuation is large, as compared with a case where the amount of energy attenuation is small, the energy of the charged particle beam after being transmitted through the attenuating members becomes low.
  • only the low-energy-side attenuating member with the largest amount of energy to be attenuated among the plurality of attenuating members may be made of a material having a high transmittance. In this way, only the attenuating member with the largest amount of energy attenuation can be made of a material having a higher transmittance compared to the other attenuating members.
  • the low-energy-side attenuating member can be formed from beryllium, and the high-energy-side attenuating member can be formed from graphite.
  • beryllium as the low-energy-side attenuating member in the aforementioned way, the number of charged particles that are transmitted through and the number of attenuating members can be increased in the low energy region.
  • a charged particle beam irradiation system including the above energy degrader and irradiating the charged particle beam.
  • the charged particle beam irradiation system includes an accelerator configured to accelerate charged particles introduced into the energy degrader; and an irradiation device configured to irradiate the charged particle beam having energy attenuated by the energy degrader.
  • the charged particle beam irradiation system related to the embodiment of the invention includes the energy degrader that attenuates the energy of an incident charged particle beam.
  • the energy degrader the plurality of attenuating members having different amounts of energy attenuation are provided, and the low-energy-side attenuating member with a larger amount of energy attenuation is formed from a material having a higher transmittance than the high-energy-side attenuating member with a smaller amount of energy attenuation. Therefore, the transmittance of the low-energy-side charged particle beam can be improved. As a result, in the low energy region, the number of charged particles that are transmitted through the attenuating members can be increased.
  • the particle beam treatment system which is, for example, a device that is used in cancer treatment, irradiates a tumor (target to be irradiated) inside a patient' s body with a proton beam (charged particle beam).
  • the particle beam treatment system 1 includes a cyclotron (particle accelerator) 2 that accelerates ions (positive ions of hydrogen) generated in an ion source (not shown) to generate a proton beam, a rotatable rotating gantry (irradiation device) 3 that irradiates a patient with the proton beam from arbitrary directions, and a transportation line 4 that transports the proton beam (charged-particle beam accelerated by the cyclotron) generated by cyclotron 2 to the rotating gantry 3 .
  • a cyclotron particle accelerator
  • ions positive ions of hydrogen
  • ion source not shown
  • a rotatable rotating gantry irradiation device
  • transportation line 4 that transports the proton beam (charged-particle beam accelerated by the cyclotron) generated by cyclotron 2 to the rotating gantry 3 .
  • the proton beam accelerated by the cyclotron 2 is deflected along the transportation line 4 and transported to the rotating gantry 3 .
  • the transportation line 4 is provided with a deflecting magnet for deflecting the proton beam. Additionally, the transportation line 4 is provided with an energy degrader 10 that attenuates the energy of charged particles (will be described below in detail).
  • an energy selection system (ESS) 30 is provided at a rear stage (downstream) of the energy degrader 10 in the transportation line 4 .
  • the ESS 30 selectively takes out a proton beam with a desired energy width from the proton beam with a predetermined energy distribution that has been transported.
  • the energy width of the proton beam is selected so as to become a desired range.
  • the rotating gantry 3 includes a treatment table on which the patient lies, and an irradiation unit that irradiates a patient with the proton beam.
  • the charged particle beam having energy attenuated by the energy degrader 10 is emitted from the irradiation unit and irradiates to a target region of the patient.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the energy degrader related to the embodiment of the invention.
  • the energy degrader 10 shown in FIG. 2 is provided on a path (on a beam line) of a proton beam B to attenuate the energy of the proton beam B.
  • the energy degrader 10 includes a plurality of attenuating members 11 A to 11 G that attenuate the energy of the proton beam B to be transmitted. In addition, when it is not necessary to distinguish the attenuating members 11 A to 11 G, these attenuating members are written as the attenuating members 11 .
  • the attenuating members 11 having mutually different thicknesses are arranged in order of thickness in one direction.
  • the attenuating members are arranged so as to increase in thickness in order from the attenuating member 11 A to the attenuating member 11 G in a direction X intersecting the path of the proton beam B.
  • the term “thickness” means the length of the charged particle beam in its transmission direction.
  • the attenuating members 11 are arranged so that the end surfaces thereof on an outlet side from which the proton beam B is emitted are aligned, and are arranged so that the end surfaces thereof on an opposite inlet side constitute a stair shape.
  • the attenuating members 11 may not be arranged in order of thickness.
  • the attenuating members are arranged so that the end surfaces thereof on the outlet side constitute a stair shape, or may have other arrangements.
  • the attenuating members 11 are integrally supported by a supporting member (not shown). Additionally, the energy degrader 10 includes a drive source (for example, a drive motor) that applies a driving force to the attenuating members 11 , guide means (for example, a guide rail) for guiding movement of the attenuating members 11 , or the like. Also, the energy degrader 10 moves the attenuating members 11 that transmits the proton beam B therethrough, on the path of the proton beam B, thereby changing the amount of energy attenuation of the proton beam B. The energy degrader 10 decelerates the proton beam B at different decelerated velocities based on the thicknesses of the attenuating members 11 through which the proton beam B is transmitted. The kinetic energy of the proton beam B is reduced and attenuated.
  • a drive source for example, a drive motor
  • guide means for example, a guide rail
  • a low-energy-side attenuating member that is the attenuating member 11 with a larger amount of energy to be attenuated is formed from a material having a higher transmittance of the proton beam B than a high-energy-side attenuating member that is the attenuating member 11 with a smaller amount of energy to be attenuated.
  • a substance with a small atomic number is adopted for the low-energy-side attenuating member rather than the high-energy-side attenuating member. Since scattering of the proton beam B spreads more greatly as the atomic number of attenuating materials is larger, this results from the decrease in the number of protons capable of being transmitted.
  • the attenuating member 11 G with the largest amount of energy to be attenuated is formed from a material having a higher transmittance than the other attenuating members 11 A to 11 F.
  • the materials of the attenuating members 11 include, for example, carbon (C), beryllium (Be), or the like.
  • beryllium that is a stable solid substance with a small atomic number is adopted for the lowest-energy-side attenuating member 11 G, and carbon (graphite) is adopted for the other attenuating members 11 A to 11 F.
  • a material having a higher transmittance than the remaining attenuating members 11 A to 11 E may be adopted for two low-energy-side attenuating members 11 G and 11 F. Additionally, the material having a high transmittance may not be adopted for the lowest-energy-side attenuating member 11 G.
  • a material having a higher transmittance than the remaining attenuating members 11 A to 11 E may be adopted for the low-energy-side attenuating member 11 F, and the lowest-energy-side attenuating member 11 G and the attenuating members 11 A to 11 D may be formed from the same material.
  • the proton beam B is accelerated by the cyclotron 2 and the accelerated proton beam B (for example, having an energy range of 230 MeV ⁇ several MeV) is introduced into the energy degrader 10 .
  • the attenuating members 11 are driven and moved by driving means, and a desired attenuating member 11 is arranged on the path of the proton beam B.
  • the proton beam B passed through this attenuating member 11 is decelerated by the attenuating member 11 and the energy thereof is attenuated (for example, 200 MeV ⁇ ten and several MeV).
  • the proton beam B passed through the energy degrader 10 is introduced into the ESS 30 .
  • the proton beam B with a desired energy range out of the proton beam B introduced into the ESS 30 is taken out selectively (for example, 200 MeV ⁇ 1 MeV).
  • the proton beam B with a selected energy width is transported by the transportation line 4 , is introduced into the rotating gantry 3 , and is irradiated to a body to be irradiated. This allows the proton beam B to be irradiated so as to reach a predetermined depth position inside the body to be irradiated.
  • the amount of attenuation using the energy degrader 10 is made small, and when the proton beam B is irradiated so as to reach a shallow position inside the body to be irradiated (for example, near a body surface), the amount of attenuation due to the energy degrader 10 is made large.
  • the plurality of attenuating members 11 are included, and the energy of the proton beam B that enters the attenuating members 11 can be attenuated.
  • the low-energy-side attenuating member 11 G with a larger amount of energy attenuation is formed from a material having the higher transmittance than a high-energy-side attenuating member with a smaller amount of energy attenuation. Therefore, a reduction in the transmittance of the low-energy-side proton beam B can be mitigated. As a result, in a low energy region, scattering of the proton beam B can be suppressed and a reduction in the number of protons that can be transmitted through the attenuating members 11 can be suppressed.
  • the low-energy-side attenuating member 11 G with the largest amount of energy to be attenuated among the plurality of attenuating members 11 is formed from beryllium that is expensive and has a high transmittance, a reduction in the number of protons that are transmitted through the low-energy-side attenuating member 11 G can be suppressed, while suppressing an increase in the manufacturing cost. That is, a reduction in the number of protons to be irradiated can be suppressed. This enables the proton beam B to be effectively irradiated to the shallow position near the body surface and enables the reliable particle beam treatment system 1 to be realized.
  • Table 1 shows transmittances at individual levels of energy of the proton beam B.
  • the transmittances in Table 1 are values measured at the outlet of the ESS 30 . All the materials of the attenuating members at this time are the same, and are graphite.
  • Table 2 shows the comparison between the materials of the attenuating members with respect to the transmittance of the proton beam B. Measurement is made in cases where the energy of the proton beam B is 70 [MeV] and beam diameters are ⁇ 5 mm and ⁇ 2 mm.
  • Attenuation Rate Attenuation Rate Material Carbon Material: Beryllium Beam Diameter ( ⁇ 5 mm, 32 ⁇ ) [%] ( ⁇ 5 mm, 32 ⁇ ) [%] ⁇ 5 mm 0.358 0.578 ⁇ 2 mm 0.478 0.744
  • each of the attenuating members 12 A to 12 G may be configured to have a plurality of thicknesses.
  • the energy degrader 10 C has a pair of attenuating members 13 and 14 that are arranged to face each other.
  • the attenuating members 13 and 14 form a wedge shape and are arranged such that mutual inclined surfaces 13 a and 14 a face each other.
  • the attenuating members 13 and 14 are configured so as to be movable in an X direction intersecting a traveling direction of the proton beam B.
  • the amount of energy attenuation of the proton beam B is controlled by moving the attenuating members 13 and 14 in the X direction and changing a length by which the proton beam B is transmitted through the attenuating members 13 and 14 .
  • a configuration may be adopted in which the beam diameter of the proton beam B is controlled by driving any one of the attenuating members 13 and 14 in the traveling direction of the proton beam B to adjust the gap between the attenuating members 13 and 14 .
  • the attenuating members 13 and 14 include a plurality of attenuating members 13 A, 13 B, 14 A, and 14 B having different amounts of energy to be attenuated.
  • the low-energy-side attenuating members 13 B and 14 B with larger amounts of energy to be attenuated are formed from a material having a higher transmittance of the proton beam B than the high-energy-side attenuating members 13 A and 14 A with smaller amounts of energy to be attenuated.
  • a material (beryllium) with a high transmittance is adopted only for a portion where the energy of the proton beam B is attenuated to 70 [MeV].
  • FIG. 5 is a front view of the energy degrader, and is shown from the traveling direction of the proton beam B.
  • the energy degrader 10 D shown in FIG. 5 includes a plurality of attenuating members 15 A and 15 B having different thicknesses, and the plurality of attenuating members 15 A and 15 are arranged spirally.
  • the plurality of attenuating members 15 A and 15 B are arranged so as to become thin on a central side thereof and become thick on an outer side thereof.
  • the plurality of attenuating members 15 A and 15 B may be arranged so as to become thick on the central side thereof and become thin on the outer side thereof.
  • a rotating shaft 16 extending parallel to the traveling direction of the proton beam B is arranged at the center of the energy degrader 10 D.
  • the rotating shaft 16 is configured so as to be rotatable around an axis and movable in the direction intersecting the traveling direction of the proton beam. As the rotating shaft 16 rotates and moves in a predetermined direction, desired attenuating members 15 A and 15 B are arranged on the path of the proton beam.
  • the low-energy-side attenuating member 15 B with a larger amount of energy to be attenuated is formed from a material having a higher transmittance of the proton beam than the high-energy-side attenuating member 15 A with a smaller amount of energy to be attenuated.
  • the energy degrader 10 D of such a fourth embodiment similar to the energy degrader 10 of the above embodiment, in a low energy region, scattering of the proton beam B can be suppressed and a reduction in the number of protons that are transmitted through the attenuating members 13 B and 14 B can be suppressed.
  • the arrangement of the energy degrader 10 is not limited to that immediately after the cyclotron 2 , a configuration may be adopted in which the energy degrader 10 is provided in the irradiation nozzle installed at the rotating gantry 3 .
  • the accelerator is not limited to the cyclotron 2 , and may be, for example, other accelerators, such as a synchro-cyclotron.
  • the charged particle beam is not limited to the proton beam, and may be a carbon beam (baryon beam) or the like.
  • the material of the low-energy-side attenuating member is not limited to beryllium, and other attenuating materials may be adopted.
  • the particle beam treatment system 1 may not use the rotating gantry but may use stationary irradiation.
  • the energy degrader and the charged particle beam irradiation system equipped therewith of the invention can mitigate a reduction in the transmittance of the low-energy charged particle beam and can suppress a reduction in the number of charged particles that are transmitted through the low-energy-side attenuating member.

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US14/098,026 2011-06-06 2013-12-05 Energy degrader and charged particle beam irradiation system equipped therewith Abandoned US20140091238A1 (en)

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JP2011126342A JP5726644B2 (ja) 2011-06-06 2011-06-06 エネルギーデグレーダ、及びそれを備えた荷電粒子線照射システム
JP2011-126342 2011-06-06
PCT/JP2012/059585 WO2012169281A1 (ja) 2011-06-06 2012-04-06 エネルギーデグレーダ、及びそれを備えた荷電粒子線照射システム

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PCT/JP2012/059585 Continuation WO2012169281A1 (ja) 2011-06-06 2012-04-06 エネルギーデグレーダ、及びそれを備えた荷電粒子線照射システム

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CN117858328A (zh) * 2024-01-08 2024-04-09 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 一种用于质子加速器的质子束靶前快速降能机构

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CN106267584B (zh) * 2016-07-29 2018-12-28 中国原子能科学研究院 一种双盘旋转式紧凑型降能器及其使用方法
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CN106267585B (zh) * 2016-07-29 2019-06-18 中国原子能科学研究院 一种用于粒子治疗的能量调制装置及其使用方法
CN109240200A (zh) * 2018-11-21 2019-01-18 合肥中科离子医学技术装备有限公司 一种超导质子装置降能器控制系统
CN111741587A (zh) * 2020-05-25 2020-10-02 中国原子能科学研究院 一种真空环境束流能量在线调节装置
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