US20140069116A1 - Cryogenic cooling device and method - Google Patents

Cryogenic cooling device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140069116A1
US20140069116A1 US14/116,576 US201214116576A US2014069116A1 US 20140069116 A1 US20140069116 A1 US 20140069116A1 US 201214116576 A US201214116576 A US 201214116576A US 2014069116 A1 US2014069116 A1 US 2014069116A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cryocooler
chamber
under vacuum
cold head
chambers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/116,576
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English (en)
Inventor
Fabien Durand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Assigned to L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE reassignment L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DURAND, FABIEN
Publication of US20140069116A1 publication Critical patent/US20140069116A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
    • F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/06—Several compression cycles arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/17—Re-condensers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cryogenic cooling device and method.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a cryogenic cooling device comprising a main cryocooler with a cold head arranged in a first chamber selectively placed under vacuum, a reservoir of working fluid arranged in a second chamber selectively placed under vacuum, a member that is to be cooled being arranged in the reservoir in a heat exchange relationship with the working fluid, the cold head of the main cryocooler being thermally connected to a heat exchanger, itself fluidically connected to the reservoir via pipes forming a first circulation loop for the working fluid, the pipes passing from the first to the second chamber.
  • the device according to the invention which in other respects is in accordance with the generic definition thereof given in the above preamble, is essentially characterized in that the volumes selectively under vacuum of the first and second chambers are independent and in that the device comprises a secondary cryocooler comprising a cold head arranged in a third chamber selectively placed under vacuum, the cold head of the secondary cryocooler being thermally connected to a heat exchanger, itself fluidically connected to the reservoir via pipes forming a second circulation loop for the working fluid, and in that the volume selectively under vacuum of the third chamber is independent of the volumes selectively under vacuum of the first and second chambers.
  • the invention also relates to a method for cooling a member to a low temperature using a cryogenic cooling device having any one of the features above or below, in which the main cryocooler is used to cool the member, the first chamber and the second chamber being placed under vacuum, the secondary cryocooler being selectively switched off or on while the main cryocooler is in operation.
  • some embodiments of the invention may comprise one or more of the following features:
  • the invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the features above or below.
  • FIGURE is a schematic and partial view in cross section illustrating the structure and operation of a refrigeration device according to one possible embodiment of the invention.
  • the cryogenic cooling device comprises a main cryocooler 18 comprising, in the conventional way, a cold head 19 .
  • the main cryocooler 18 (and in particular the cold head 19 ) is arranged in a first chamber 16 selectively placed under vacuum.
  • the cold head 19 is equipped for example with a heat exchanger 17 to liquefy a working fluid.
  • the exchanger 17 is, for example, screwed to the base of the cold head 19 using screws 20 .
  • the main cryocooler 18 delimits a volume 21 for the liquefied working fluid, this volume being connected via two pipes, respectively an upper pipe 31 and a lower pipe 30 , to a storage reservoir 9 for the liquefied working fluid.
  • This liquefied working fluid storage reservoir 9 contains the member 8 that is to be cooled by (direct or indirect) exchange of heat with the liquefied working fluid.
  • the storage reservoir 9 is housed in a second chamber 10 selectively placed under vacuum independently of the first chamber 16 . What that means is that the pipes 30 , 31 pass from the first 16 to the second 10 chamber through tubular portions 23 that connect the first 16 and second 10 chambers.
  • the second chamber 10 rests, for example, on the ground via a base and is, for example, sealed off at the top by a removable cover 11 (removable for example using screws 14 ).
  • the vacuums within the volumes of the first 16 and second 10 chambers are kept independent for example via one or more vacuum barriers 40 arranged respectively around the pipes 30 , 31 inside the tubular connecting portions 23 .
  • the vacuum barriers 40 may comprise any known system such as a double cone.
  • the device comprises a secondary cryocooler 1 , for example of the same type as the main cryocooler 18 .
  • the secondary cryocooler 1 comprises a structure equivalent to the structure described hereinabove. What that means to say is that the cold head 7 of the secondary cryocooler 1 is arranged in a third chamber 4 selectively placed under vacuum. As before, the cold head 7 is equipped with a heat exchanger 2 for liquefying a working fluid. The exchanger 2 is screwed to the base of the cold head 7 using screws 5 .
  • the secondary cryocooler 1 delimits a volume 121 for the liquefied working fluid, this volume 121 being connected by two pipes, respectively an upper pipe 131 and a lower pipe 130 , to the same liquefied working fluid storage reservoir 9 .
  • the second chamber 10 is selectively placed under vacuum independently of the third chamber 4 .
  • the pipes 130 , 131 pass from the third 4 to the second 10 chamber through the tubular portions 23 that connect the third 4 and second 10 chambers.
  • the vacuums within the volumes of the third 4 and second 10 chambers are kept independent via one or more vacuum barriers 40 arranged respectively around the pipes 130 , 131 , inside the tubular connecting portions 23 .
  • the chambers 16 , 10 and 4 are isolated from one another by vacuum barriers 40 so that the various chambers can be placed under vacuum independently of one another.
  • the device can be used to keep the member 8 at a cryogenic temperature (for example of 100 K).
  • the member 8 to be kept at a cryogenic temperature may, for example, be a superconductor coil, a heat exchanger in a heat exchange relationship with another heat-transfer fluid, or any other suitable member.
  • the member 8 that is to be cooled is immersed in a bath of liquid nitrogen at a temperature of 100K for example.
  • the heat generated by the member 8 evaporates some of the liquid nitrogen from the bath 9 .
  • This gaseous nitrogen travels upward via the upper pipe 31 of the main cryocooler 18 .
  • the gaseous nitrogen is liquefied once again.
  • the exchanger 17 is kept at a temperature slightly below 100K by the cryocooler 18 which is in operation.
  • the cold head 19 of the main cryocooler 18 extracts heat from the adjacent exchanger 17 .
  • the liquid nitrogen drops under gravity into the volume 21 situated under the exchanger 17 and then travels downward via the lower pipe 30 as far as the bath in the reservoir 9 . This process takes place continuously in a working loop for the working fluid (nitrogen in this example).
  • a heater for example an electric heater (not depicted) may be mounted on the heat exchanger 17 of the cold head 19 of the main cryocooler 18 to regulate the temperature thereof.
  • the secondary cryocooler 1 preferably has a structure and an operation identical to those of the main cryocooler 18 .
  • the secondary cryocooler 1 is preferably used as a reserve. When the main cryocooler 18 is in operation, the secondary cryocooler 1 is switched off and the temperature of its cold head 7 is close to ambient temperature. The working fluid contained in the exchanger 2 , the pipes 130 , 131 is in the gaseous state.
  • the gas in the pipes 130 , 131 forms gaseous thermal plugs which limit transfers of heat between the secondary cryocooler 1 which is switched off and the reservoir 9 .
  • the secondary cryocooler 1 can be switched on, for example automatically.
  • the main cryocooler 18 After the main cryocooler 18 has been shut down, its cold head 19 and its exchanger 17 are warmed up to ambient temperature. This warming can be done either by waiting for them to warm up naturally, or by using an electric heater or by circulation of gas at ambient temperature, or by making the pressure in the first chamber 16 rise to atmospheric pressure.
  • the pressure in the first chamber 16 can be raised from the vacuum up to atmospheric pressure for example using a valve (not depicted) allowing selective communication between the interior volume of the chamber 16 and the exterior atmosphere.
  • the first 16 and the third 4 chambers are sealed off by at least one insulating and selectively removable cap 15 allowing direct access to the cryocooler, notably the cold head thereof.
  • first 16 and third 4 chambers are mechanically connected to the second chamber 10 and are raised up above the ground.
  • the removable cap 15 is, for example, positioned on the bottom part of each first 16 and third 4 chamber, so that it is adjacent to the cold head 19 , 7 .
  • Each cap 15 is, for example, mounted on the body of its chamber 16 , 4 via fixing screws 22 or any other suitable system.
  • the cap 15 is removed.
  • the operator can then dismantle the exchanger 17 , for example by removing the fixing screws 20 on the cold head 19 .
  • the flange 12 of the cryocooler 18 can then be disconnected from the chamber 16 (for example by removing the fixing screws 13 ).
  • the cryocooler can then be taken out for replacement or maintenance thereof.
  • a new cryocooler or the repaired cryocooler can then be refitted.
  • the flange 12 is once again fixed to the chamber 16 .
  • the fixing screws 20 which attach the exchanger 17 to the cold head 19 are refitted.
  • the cap 15 is also put back into position.
  • a vacuum is once more created in the first chamber 16 , for example by means of a vacuum pump and via a valve (neither of these has been depicted).
  • the repaired or exchanged main cryocooler 18 can then be switched on if the secondary cryocooler 1 , which has now taken over the production of cold, malfunctions or requires maintenance.
  • the procedure for replacing or performing maintenance on the other cryocooler may be identical to the procedure described hereinabove.
  • the cryocoolers may for example operate on a Gifford MacMahon cycle.
  • the cryocoolers 1 , 18 can be insulated using a superinsulator of the multilayer or monolayer type.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
US14/116,576 2011-05-09 2012-04-20 Cryogenic cooling device and method Abandoned US20140069116A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1153941A FR2975176B1 (fr) 2011-05-09 2011-05-09 Dispositif et procede de refroidissement cryogenique
FR1153941 2011-05-09
PCT/FR2012/050864 WO2012172224A2 (fr) 2011-05-09 2012-04-20 Dispositif et procede de refroidissement cryogenique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20140069116A1 true US20140069116A1 (en) 2014-03-13

Family

ID=46146943

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/116,576 Abandoned US20140069116A1 (en) 2011-05-09 2012-04-20 Cryogenic cooling device and method

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20140069116A1 (enExample)
EP (1) EP2707660A2 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2014513267A (enExample)
KR (1) KR20140037073A (enExample)
CN (1) CN103518109A (enExample)
FR (1) FR2975176B1 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2012172224A2 (enExample)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015159258A1 (en) * 2014-04-17 2015-10-22 Victoria Link Ltd Cryogenic fluid circuit design for effective cooling of an elongated thermally conductive structure extending from a component to be cooled to a cryogenic temperature
KR101756181B1 (ko) * 2016-01-20 2017-07-26 하이리움산업(주) 극저온 냉동기를 이용한 소용량 수소 액화시스템
US10126024B1 (en) * 2014-09-26 2018-11-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Cryogenic heat transfer system
US10309718B2 (en) 2016-01-20 2019-06-04 Hylium Industries, Inc. Small-scale hydrogen liquefaction system equipped with cryocooler
US10612841B2 (en) 2016-01-20 2020-04-07 Hylium Industries, Inc Small-scale hydrogen liquefaction system equipped with cryocooler
KR20210122393A (ko) 2020-03-31 2021-10-12 주식회사 패리티 수소 액화시스템
KR20210122390A (ko) 2020-03-31 2021-10-12 주식회사 패리티 수소 액화시스템
CN114111082A (zh) * 2021-11-02 2022-03-01 深圳供电局有限公司 一种基于gm制冷机的过冷液氮循环系统

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113517106B (zh) * 2020-04-10 2023-07-11 中国航天科工飞航技术研究院（中国航天海鹰机电技术研究院） 一种制冷系统

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5936499A (en) * 1998-02-18 1999-08-10 General Electric Company Pressure control system for zero boiloff superconducting magnet
US20060048522A1 (en) * 2002-12-16 2006-03-09 Shunji Yamada Method and device for installing refrigerator
US20090049862A1 (en) * 2007-08-21 2009-02-26 Cryomech, Inc. Reliquifier

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5430423A (en) * 1994-02-25 1995-07-04 General Electric Company Superconducting magnet having a retractable cryocooler sleeve assembly
DE10211568B4 (de) * 2002-03-15 2004-01-29 Siemens Ag Kälteanlage für zu kühlende Teile einer Einrichtung
US6640552B1 (en) * 2002-09-26 2003-11-04 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic superconductor cooling system
US7003977B2 (en) * 2003-07-18 2006-02-28 General Electric Company Cryogenic cooling system and method with cold storage device
JP4494027B2 (ja) * 2004-01-26 2010-06-30 株式会社神戸製鋼所 極低温装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5936499A (en) * 1998-02-18 1999-08-10 General Electric Company Pressure control system for zero boiloff superconducting magnet
US20060048522A1 (en) * 2002-12-16 2006-03-09 Shunji Yamada Method and device for installing refrigerator
US20090049862A1 (en) * 2007-08-21 2009-02-26 Cryomech, Inc. Reliquifier

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015159258A1 (en) * 2014-04-17 2015-10-22 Victoria Link Ltd Cryogenic fluid circuit design for effective cooling of an elongated thermally conductive structure extending from a component to be cooled to a cryogenic temperature
US10126024B1 (en) * 2014-09-26 2018-11-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Cryogenic heat transfer system
KR101756181B1 (ko) * 2016-01-20 2017-07-26 하이리움산업(주) 극저온 냉동기를 이용한 소용량 수소 액화시스템
US10309718B2 (en) 2016-01-20 2019-06-04 Hylium Industries, Inc. Small-scale hydrogen liquefaction system equipped with cryocooler
US10612841B2 (en) 2016-01-20 2020-04-07 Hylium Industries, Inc Small-scale hydrogen liquefaction system equipped with cryocooler
KR20210122393A (ko) 2020-03-31 2021-10-12 주식회사 패리티 수소 액화시스템
KR20210122390A (ko) 2020-03-31 2021-10-12 주식회사 패리티 수소 액화시스템
CN114111082A (zh) * 2021-11-02 2022-03-01 深圳供电局有限公司 一种基于gm制冷机的过冷液氮循环系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012172224A2 (fr) 2012-12-20
FR2975176A1 (fr) 2012-11-16
WO2012172224A4 (fr) 2013-05-16
CN103518109A (zh) 2014-01-15
EP2707660A2 (fr) 2014-03-19
JP2014513267A (ja) 2014-05-29
KR20140037073A (ko) 2014-03-26
WO2012172224A3 (fr) 2013-03-28
FR2975176B1 (fr) 2016-03-18

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Owner name: L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'E

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DURAND, FABIEN;REEL/FRAME:031569/0613

Effective date: 20130729

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

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