US20140067334A1 - Method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance - Google Patents

Method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140067334A1
US20140067334A1 US13/605,949 US201213605949A US2014067334A1 US 20140067334 A1 US20140067334 A1 US 20140067334A1 US 201213605949 A US201213605949 A US 201213605949A US 2014067334 A1 US2014067334 A1 US 2014067334A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
digital
current
dental
teeth
dental appliance
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US13/605,949
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English (en)
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Eric Kuo
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Align Technology Inc
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Align Technology Inc
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Priority to US13/605,949 priority Critical patent/US20140067334A1/en
Assigned to ALIGN TECHNOLOGY INC. reassignment ALIGN TECHNOLOGY INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KUO, ERIC
Priority to KR1020157008593A priority patent/KR102035374B1/ko
Priority to HK15107357.5A priority patent/HK1206578B/xx
Priority to CN201380046560.4A priority patent/CN104602643B/zh
Priority to PCT/IB2013/001832 priority patent/WO2014037778A1/en
Priority to EP18201613.9A priority patent/EP3492040B1/en
Priority to EP13776552.5A priority patent/EP2892460B1/en
Priority to ES13776552T priority patent/ES2712196T3/es
Priority to JP2015530501A priority patent/JP6367806B2/ja
Priority to CA2881620A priority patent/CA2881620C/en
Priority to AU2013311369A priority patent/AU2013311369B2/en
Publication of US20140067334A1 publication Critical patent/US20140067334A1/en
Priority to JP2018072767A priority patent/JP6663450B2/ja
Priority to AU2018202874A priority patent/AU2018202874B2/en
Priority to AU2018236686A priority patent/AU2018236686B2/en
Priority to US16/200,445 priority patent/US11432907B2/en
Assigned to ALIGN TECHNOLOGY, INC. reassignment ALIGN TECHNOLOGY, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KUO, ERIC
Priority to US17/874,160 priority patent/US12178678B2/en
Priority to US18/939,393 priority patent/US20250302587A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/002—Orthodontic computer assisted systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C9/00—Impression cups, i.e. impression trays; Impression methods
    • A61C9/004—Means or methods for taking digitized impressions
    • A61C9/0046—Data acquisition means or methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/008—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions using vibrating means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/12—Brackets; Arch wires; Combinations thereof; Accessories therefor
    • A61C7/14—Brackets; Fixing brackets to teeth
    • A61C7/146—Positioning or placement of brackets; Tools therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/12—Brackets; Arch wires; Combinations thereof; Accessories therefor
    • A61C7/20—Arch wires
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/04—Force
    • F04C2270/041—Controlled or regulated

Definitions

  • the subsequent dental appliance To manufacture the subsequent dental appliance, physical impressions may be taken with the current dental appliance still affixed to the patient's teeth in order to minimize the amount of undesirable tooth movement which may occur between the time after the removal of the current dental appliance and the time that the subsequent dental appliance is delivered.
  • the subsequent dental appliance By leaving the current dental appliance on for the impressions, it is hoped that the subsequent dental appliance can be manufactured while the teeth are held in place with the current dental appliance and delivered immediately after the current dental appliances are removed.
  • the impressions that are taken with the current dental appliance affixed on the patient can be difficult—not only for the clinician, but also for the patient—because of the undercuts present in the current dental appliance which lock in the impression material as it sets.
  • the treating professional waits until the current dental appliance is removed before taking an impression. This eliminates some of the difficulties in taking the impression with the current appliance, but results in a need for a temporary retainer or no retainer for the period in which it takes to make a subsequent dental appliance. The later risks teeth movement before the subsequent dental appliance can be applied to the teeth. In either case, it also necessitates another appointment with the treating professional to fit and apply the subsequent appliance.
  • FIGS. 1 a - 1 d , 1 f , 1 g illustrate a patient's set of physical teeth with respective physical teeth and gingiva and examples of dental appliances attached to the patient's set of physical teeth, according to various embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 e illustrates a patient's physical teeth after the removal of an orthodontic band, according to one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 2 a - 6 c illustrate techniques for creating a new digital dental model, according to various embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates changes to a patient's gingiva, according to one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 8 a and 8 b depict examples of temporary anchorage devices (TADS) 800 attached inside the patient's oral cavity, according to various embodiments.
  • TADS temporary anchorage devices
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a system for creating a subsequent dental appliance prior to removal of a current dental appliance from a set of physical teeth for a patient, according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 depicts a flow chart of a method of creating a subsequent dental appliance prior to removal of a current dental appliance from a set of physical teeth for a patient, according to one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 11-15 depict flowcharts of methods for creating a new digital dental model, according to various embodiments.
  • FIG. 16 depicts a digital tooth 1600 that represents one of the patient's set of physical teeth that may be moved from one position of treatment to another position of treatment, according to one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 17-19 illustrate a technique for identifying the gingival margin that defines the boundary between tooth and gum in the patient's dentition and simulating changes in the gingiva, according to one embodiment.
  • a current digital dental model such as a digital image
  • a current digital dental model is made of the patient's physical teeth with one or more current dental appliances attached to the physical teeth normally just before the current dental appliance is to be removed and replaced with a subsequent dental appliance.
  • the subsequent appliance is an end-of-treatment retainer
  • the teeth are usually at or near a desired arrangement of the teeth.
  • the subsequent appliance is a middle-of-treatment appliance, the teeth are at a treatment arrangement that is between the initial arrangement and the desired arrangement.
  • the current digital dental model is a direct digital scan of the set of physical teeth with the current dental appliance attached to one or more of the physical teeth.
  • Various embodiments may also be used with a current dental appliance that is attached to the patient's oral cavity, such as to the patient's bone beneath the gingiva.
  • Examples of a current dental appliance include any dental appliance suitable for attachment to one or more of the patient's teeth and a dental appliance suitable for attachment to the patient's bone beneath the gingival, among others. More specifically, the current dental appliance may consist of one or more items and may be all or a portion of a set of braces (which may include bonded brackets, buttons, cemented bands, or a combination thereof), a temporary anchorage device (TAD) that is attached to the patient's oral cavity, or a dental attachment that is suitable for use with a removable plastic positioning dental appliance (also referred to herein as an “aligner”), a dental appliance suitable for attachment to bone under the gingiva of the patient, a sleep apnea appliance, a splint, a bridge, an implant, an orthodontic band, a fixed lingual retainer, a set of lingual braces or any item that has been fixedly attached to any portion of the oral cavity, as examples.
  • a removable plastic positioning dental appliance also referred to herein as an “aligner
  • TADs examples include a mini screw, a mini plate, a ball type, a bracket type and a hook type.
  • the current dental appliance may be positioned on either the facial/buccal surface, the lingual surface of the patient's physical teeth, the gingiva, or a combination thereof.
  • a new digital dental model of the aligned teeth can be created based on a model of the current teeth with the current dental appliance present or from a previous model of the unaligned teeth without the current dental appliance present.
  • the new digital dental model may be created by removing the current dental appliance from the current digital dental model or by moving digital teeth of an earlier time point (of the same patient) without the dental appliance present into the same positions as the teeth in the current digital dental model (with the dental appliance present), among other things as described herein.
  • the creation of the new digital dental model is computer automated.
  • the creation of the new digital dental model can be fully automated or substantially-automated.
  • a new digital dental model can be used to manufacture a subsequent dental appliance prior to removing the current dental appliance from the patient's physical teeth.
  • a subsequent dental appliance examples include a retainer, an (active) aligner, an expander, a splint or bite guard, or a positioner.
  • the retainer may be a Hawley, an Essix-type, a bonded wire, any vacuum-formed type stent, a spring-retainer, a clear splint, or a combination thereof.
  • At least one example of a splint is an orthognathic surgery splint, among others.
  • the current digital dental model and the new digital dental model includes a portion of the patient's gingiva.
  • the current digital dental model and the new digital dental model may include at least the portion of the patient's gingiva that would be covered over by or adjacent to a subsequent dental appliance.
  • the current digital dental model and a new digital dental model may include digital teeth that represent all of a patient's physical teeth clinically present (i.e. unerupted and/or impacted teeth not included) whether natural or prosthetic (e.g., dental crown or bridge pontic).
  • digital teeth that represent all of a patient's physical teeth clinically present (i.e. unerupted and/or impacted teeth not included) whether natural or prosthetic (e.g., dental crown or bridge pontic).
  • natural or prosthetic e.g., dental crown or bridge pontic
  • FIG. 1 a illustrates a patient's set of physical teeth 100 with respective physical teeth 100 a - 100 d and gingiva 102 .
  • FIG. 1 b - 1 d , if and 1 g illustrate examples of dental appliances 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 attached to the patient's set of physical teeth 100 , according to various embodiments.
  • FIGS. 1 a - g depicts a subset of the patient's physical teeth.
  • Example 110 depicts the patient's set of physical teeth 100 with a set of orthodontic braces 112 attached.
  • the set of braces 112 may include one or more brackets, archwires, etc.
  • Example 120 depicts the patient's set of physical teeth 100 with dental attachments 122 that are suitable for use with a removable plastic positioning dental appliance, such as an aligner.
  • Example 130 depicts an orthodontic band attached to the patient's set of physical teeth 100 .
  • Example 140 depicts spaces 142 , 146 on the side of the tooth and a space 144 at the back of the tooth after the removal of the orthodontic band 132 has been removed.
  • Example 150 depicts a fixed lingual retainer 152 .
  • Example 160 depicts lingual braces.
  • the dental brackets and dental attachments as depicted in FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g are considered some examples of and shall be referred to a “current dental appliance” since the dental appliances 112 , 122 , 132 , 132 , 152 , 162 are currently attached to the patient's physical teeth 100 .
  • the dental attachments 122 may be aligner attachments for use with an aligner.
  • the patient's set of physical teeth 100 are at or close to a desired teeth arrangement, according to one embodiment.
  • a desired teeth arrangement is the final teeth arrangement that is accomplished as a result of orthodontic treatment.
  • the patient's physical teeth 100 may be at the desired teeth arrangement as a result of an orthodontic treatment.
  • the patient's physical teeth 100 are close to, but not exactly at the desired teeth arrangement.
  • a feature such as a cemented orthodontic band 132 ( FIG. 1 d ) may take up a small space in between two physical teeth adjacent to each other.
  • a space 142 , 146 ( FIG.
  • interproximal space between the adjacent physical teeth
  • interproximal space between the adjacent physical teeth
  • the interproximal space that existed because of the bands will close.
  • Various embodiments are also well-suited for physical teeth that are close to the desired teeth arrangement, but not exactly at the desired teeth arrangement. Another example is that a treating professional may want to start creating a subsequent appliance before the teeth have moved all the way to the desired tooth arrangement.
  • the current dental appliance may be any type of dental appliance that can be attached to one or more of the patient's physical teeth 100 or to the patient's tissues within the oral cavity.
  • the current dental appliance may be any type of dental appliance that is suitable for use with a removable plastic positioning dental appliance.
  • FIGS. 2 a - c illustrate a technique for creating a new digital dental model, according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 a depicts segmented digital teeth 200 of the patient
  • FIG. 2 b depicts a current digital dental model 210
  • FIG. 2 c depicts a new digital dental model 220 .
  • the current digital dental model 210 is a representation of the patient's set of physical teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 a ) and the dental appliance 112 ( FIG. 1 b ) that is currently attached to the patient's physical teeth 100 .
  • a digital scan of the patient's physical teeth 100 is taken without any dental appliance being on the patient's physical teeth 100 .
  • the digital scan can be processed to create segmented digital teeth 200 of the patient.
  • Each 200 a - 200 d of the segmented digital teeth 200 represents a different one 100 a - 100 d ( FIG. 1 a ) of the patient's physical teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 a ).
  • Each of the segmented digital teeth 200 has one or more axes of their own and three dimensional (3D) coordinates so that each of the segmented digital teeth can be freely positioned in 3D space.
  • 3D coordinates alone or 3D coordinates in combination with one or more axes can be used for positioning each of the segmented digital teeth 200 based on the positions of each individual digital tooth 210 a - 210 d , 220 a - 220 a associated with either the current digital dental model 210 or a new digital dental model 220 , as will be described in more detail in the context of FIG. 16 .
  • Each of the segmented digital teeth 200 a - 200 d can be superimposed on the corresponding digital teeth 210 a - 210 d associated with the current digital dental model 210 .
  • the surfaces shared in common i.e. not covered by the dental appliance
  • a new location for the segmented digital teeth 200 a - 200 d can then be assigned to each individual tooth, based on the position of the equivalent tooth in the new digital dental model 220 (the new digital dental model 220 can be segmented or unsegmented or partially segmented).
  • the non-superimposed portion includes any portion of the current digital dental model 210 that is not part of the original digital dental model as represented by the segmented digital teeth 200 .
  • the non-superimposed portion can include the current dental appliance 112 and any cement that is used for attaching the current dental appliance 112 to the patient's physical teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 b ).
  • the non-superimposed portion may also include changes to the gingival contours (due to inflammation for example).
  • the new digital dental model 220 can be created either by removing the non superimposed portion of the current digital dental model 210 or by creating the new digital dental model 220 based on the superimposed portion without the non superimposed portion.
  • FIGS. 3 a - 3 c illustrates a technique for creating a new digital dental model, according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 a depicts a representation 300 of the current dental appliance
  • FIG. 3 b the current digital dental model 210 ( FIG. 2 b )
  • FIG. 3 c depicts a new digital dental model 320 .
  • the representation of the current dental appliance 300 may be an image that was taken of the same physical dental appliance.
  • a digital image of the dental appliance 112 FIG. 1 b
  • the representation of the current dental appliance 300 or portion 300 a , 300 b may be an image obtained, for example, from a library of dental appliances of different types.
  • the obtained image may be an image of a different physical dental appliance that is the same type or a similar type of as the current dental appliance 112 ( FIG. 1 b ).
  • the obtained image may be an image of a different physical dental appliance that is the same make or model, or a combination thereof, as the current dental appliance 112 ( FIG. 1 b ).
  • a representation of all 300 or a portion 300 a , 300 b of the current dental appliance 112 ( FIG. 1 b ) may be superimposed.
  • Examples of a portion 300 a , 300 b of the current dental appliance 112 ( FIG. 1 b ) are a bracket, a wire, a band, a tube, a cleat, a button, a ligature wire, a hook, an aligner attachment, and an O-ring.
  • the representation of the current dental appliance 300 can be superimposed on the current digital dental model 210 ( FIG. 2 b ).
  • the portion of the current digital dental model 210 that is superimposed by the representation of the current dental appliance 300 or by the portion 300 a , 300 b can be determined.
  • the new digital dental model 320 can be created, for example, by removing the superimposed portion from the current digital dental model 210 or by creating the new digital dental model 320 based on the non superimposed portion without the superimposed portion.
  • the new digital dental model 320 may include representations of excess cement or offsets to the surfaces of the physical teeth due to the cement, or a combination thereof. Therefore, a subsequent dental appliance that is created based on the new digital dental model 320 will fit the patient's physical teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 a ) but may be slightly larger than a subsequent dental appliance created, for example, using a new digital dental model 220 ( FIG. 2 b ).
  • Various embodiments can be used to remove the representations of the excess cement. For example, at least various embodiments described in the context of FIGS. 5 a - 5 c may be used to remove the representations of the excess cement.
  • FIGS. 4 a - 4 c illustrate a technique for creating a new digital dental model, according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 a depicts a bracket base 400 , a digital tooth 210 b that is a part of a current digital dental model 210 , and a representation 420 b that is a part of a new digital dental model 420 .
  • the bracket base 400 is associated with a current dental appliance 112 ( FIG. 1 b ) for the patient or is associated with a dental appliance that is a similar type or the same type as the current dental appliance 112 ( FIG. 1 b ).
  • the underneath surface 402 of the bracket base 400 has a contour 404 that approximates the contour 450 of the digital tooth 210 b 's portion 440 .
  • a bracket base 400 is attached to a portion 440 of a digital tooth 210 b with cement 430 .
  • the contour 450 of the portion 440 of the digital tooth 210 b associated with the current digital dental model 210 is estimated based on the contour 404 of the underneath surface 402 of the bracket base 400 .
  • Various embodiments are well-suited for approximating the contour 450 of a portion 440 a digital tooth portion 440 based on other portions, as discussed herein, of a dental appliance besides a bracket base, as discussed herein. For example, if a portion of a digital tooth is beneath a bonded lingual wire, various embodiments are well-suited for using a contour underneath the bonded lingual wire to estimate the contour of a portion of digital tooth that would be beneath that wire.
  • the new digital tooth 420 b of the new digital dental model 420 may include representations of excess cement 430 or offsets to the surfaces of the physical teeth due to the cement 430 , or a combination thereof.
  • cement 430 may appear to be part of the digital tooth 210 b . Therefore, a subsequent dental appliance that would be created based on the new digital dental model 420 ( FIG. 4 c ) would fit the patient's physical teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 a ) but may be slightly larger than a subsequent dental appliance created, for example, using a new digital dental model 220 ( FIG. 2 b ). Therefore it is desirable to remove such representations of excess cement and or offsets.
  • Various embodiments can be used to remove the representations of the excess cement 430 . For example, at least various embodiments described in the context of FIGS. 5 a - 5 c may be used to remove the representations of the excess cement 430 .
  • FIGS. 5 a - 5 c illustrate a technique for creating a new digital dental model, according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 a depicts digital teeth 500 a - 500 d that are each similar to respective digital teeth 210 a - 210 d ( FIG. 2 b ) associated with a current digital dental model 210 .
  • a similar digital tooth 500 a - 500 d may be obtained by averaging a plurality of digital teeth from a library of digital teeth, for example.
  • a similar digital tooth 500 a - 500 d may be an image of another physical tooth associated with the patient. For example, because of midplane symmetry of most individuals, a patient's two front teeth 100 b , 100 c ( FIG. 1 a ) are approximate mirror images of each other.
  • a similar digital tooth 500 a - 500 d may be resized based on the size of a digital tooth 210 a - 210 d ( FIG. 2 b ) in the current digital dental model 210 ( FIG. 2 b ).
  • the similar digital tooth 500 a - 500 d may be resized to match or approximately match one of the digital teeth 210 a - 210 d in the current digital dental model 210 .
  • the similar digital tooth 500 a - 500 d is resized to be slightly larger than the digital tooth 210 a - 210 d that it will superimpose to ensure that the subsequent dental appliance fits the patient's physical teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 a ).
  • a similar digital tooth 500 a - 500 d has its own three dimensional (3D) coordinates, as discussed herein, so that a similar digital tooth 500 a - 500 d can be positioned, for example, based on the position of a corresponding digital tooth 210 a - 210 d ( FIG. 2 b ) associated with either the current digital dental model 210 or the new digital dental model 520 .
  • 3D three dimensional
  • Each of the similar digital teeth 500 a - 500 d can be superimposed on corresponding digital teeth 210 a - 210 d ( FIG. 2 b ) associated with the current digital dental model 210 .
  • the 3D coordinates associated with each of the similar digital teeth 500 a - 500 d can be reset as a part of the superimposing.
  • the non superimposed portion can then be determined.
  • the non-superimposed portion includes the current dental appliance 112 ( FIG. 1 b ).
  • the new digital dental model 520 can be created by removing the non-superimposed portion of the current digital dental model 210 ( FIG. 2 b ) or by creating the new digital dental model 520 based on the superimposed portion without the non superimposed portion.
  • FIGS. 6 a - c illustrate a technique for creating a new digital dental model, according to one embodiment.
  • An area or a subset 630 of a digital tooth 210 b ( FIG. 2 b ) in the current digital dental model 210 ( FIG. 2 b ) may be beneath a portion of the current dental appliance 112 ( FIG. 1 b ).
  • Examples of a portion of the current dental appliance are a bracket, a wire, a tube, a cleat, a button, a ligature wire, a hook, a band, an aligner attachment, and an O-ring.
  • a corresponding area or subset 610 of a similar digital tooth 600 can be used to estimate a contour of the hidden area or subset 630 of a digital tooth 210 b in the current digital dental model 210 .
  • the estimation can be used for creating a contour in a corresponding area of the subset 640 for a digital tooth 620 b of the new digital dental model 620 .
  • the physical teeth 100 may be close but not at the desired teeth arrangement when the current digital dental model 210 ( FIGS. 2 a - 6 c ) is created.
  • the current dental appliance may have a feature, such as an orthodontic band 132 ( FIG. 1 d ) that prevents complete closure of an interproximal space between adjacent physical teeth.
  • the patient may be unavailable when their teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 a ) are at the desired teeth arrangement, for example, due to travel plans.
  • the current digital dental model 210 ( FIG. 2 b ) may be created before the patient leaves on their trip so that a subsequent dental appliance, such as a retainer, will be available upon their return, at which time, the one or more of the current appliances would be removed.
  • positions of one or more digital teeth in the new digital dental model 220 - 620 may be adjusted to the desired teeth arrangement.
  • Information pertaining to one or more dimensions of the feature or descriptions of the feature can be used to determine how to adjust the positions of the one or more digital teeth in the new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ). For example, in the case of an orthodontic band 132 ( FIG.
  • the width of the orthodontic band (either as a known dimension or a measurement derived from the scan) can be used to adjust the positions of the digital teeth to reflect that the interproximal space which had been maintained physically by the band will lessen when the band is removed.
  • a subsequent dental appliance that is manufactured based on a new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ) adjusted to the desired teeth arrangement can be used to move the physical teeth to the desired teeth arrangement.
  • An individual digital tooth's 3D coordinates can be adjusted as a part of adjusting positions, as discussed herein, meaning, for example, that the individually segmented digital teeth may be digitally repositioned within the arch.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates changes in a patient's gingiva, according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 depicts one of the patient's teeth 700 and corresponding gingiva 710 .
  • a current dental appliance such as a set of braces
  • the patient's gingiva 710 can be swollen or inflamed.
  • the puffiness of the patient's gingiva 710 tends to reduce, causing the gingival contours to decrease.
  • the patient's gingiva 710 is at the baseline at t0 (pre-treatment), becomes inflamed and is the most enlarged at time t1, and then less enlarged at time t2 as the inflammation reduces, and is near or back to normal at time t3.
  • a new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ) includes the portion of the patient's gingiva that is in proximity of the subsequent dental appliance or that would be covered by a subsequent dental appliance, or a combination thereof.
  • a series of new digital dental models can be created, for example, that takes into account the changes in the patient's gingival contour 730 .
  • a new digital dental model may be created that accommodates the patient's gingiva 710 at time t1
  • a second new digital dental model may be created that accommodates the patient's gingiva 710 at time t2
  • a third new digital dental model may be created that accommodates the patient's gingiva 710 at time t3.
  • the gingival contour 730 increases as indicated by 720 , for example, from time t0 to t1.
  • Various embodiments are also well-suited for swollen gingiva 710 due to a portion of a current dental appliance 112 ( FIG. 1 b ) being placed near the patient's gingiva.
  • one or more changes in the patient's gingiva is simulated, as will be described in more detail in the context of FIGS. 17-19 .
  • the patient's gingival contour prior to treatment is used to estimate one or more changes in the patient's gingiva.
  • a digital dental model taken at time t0 ( FIG. 7 ) of the patient's teeth and gingiva that was created prior to changes in the patient's gingiva or prior to application of a dental appliance may be used. Any type of imaging or scanning as discussed herein may be used for obtaining the digital dental model.
  • the current digital dental model may include a representation of the patient's gingiva contour when the patient's physical teeth are at a treatment position or at or close to the desired teeth arrangement.
  • the prior digital dental model and the current digital dental model can be used to estimate the changes in the patient's gingival contour over time. For example, a linear or an exponential curve, among others, could be used to estimate the patient's expected gingival changes.
  • the patient's gingival contour is modeled so that the subsequent dental appliance adapts well and does not leave any exposed edges that might irritate the tongue or surrounding soft tissue while at the same time providing an appliance that is not too tight, which might irritate the tissue underneath from the pressure exerted by the appliance.
  • the patient's gingiva is selectively modeled.
  • FIGS. 8 a and 8 b depict examples of temporary anchorage devices (TAD) 800 attached to the patient's oral cavity, according to various embodiments.
  • FIG. 8 a depicts TADs 800 located on the labial (or facial) side of the oral cavity 810 a and
  • FIG. 8 b depicts a TAD with buttons 820 bonded to teeth located on the lingual side of the oral cavity 810 b .
  • a temporary anchorage device 800 is an example of a current dental appliance that could be a part of a current digital dental model 210 ( FIGS. 2 b - 6 b ) and that various embodiments are well-suited for creating a new digital dental model that excludes the temporary anchorage device 800 .
  • Various embodiments are also well-suited for changes in the gingiva that result from a TAD or other types of devices that cause changes to the gingiva. For example, a portion of a TAD will typically be embedded in the gingiva into the bone beneath, which can cause a portion of the gingiva to swell.
  • Various embodiments such as a simulation, not requiring a simulation, and using the patient's original gingiva contour (depicted at time t0 in FIG. 7 ), as described herein, are well-suited for calculating, estimating, determining the changes in the patient's gingiva due to a dental appliance that is attached to the oral cavity.
  • the geometry of the current dental appliance 122 in combination with the geometry of the physical teeth 100 can be superimposed on a current digital dental model to determine portions to be kept or removed as a part of creating a new digital dental model using various embodiments discussed herein.
  • embodiments are well suited for using different embodiments for different teeth. For example, if a physical tooth, which does not have a current dental appliance 122 attached, has been altered due to esthetics or removal of heavy contacts for occlusion adjustment, among other things, a digital tooth from the current digital dental model that corresponds to that physical tooth can be superimposed back onto itself. In another example, if a physical tooth has a current dental appliance 122 attached to it, a digital image of that physical tooth taken prior to application of the current dental appliance 122 can be superimposed.
  • the creation of a new digital dental model 220 - 620 is computer automated.
  • one or more computer processors may be used for creating the new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ).
  • the creation is entirely automatic without human intervention or without requiring human intervention.
  • the creation is substantially automatic with some human intervention for clean up and double checking.
  • the system is not merely a computer graphics system that a human uses to manually remove digital portions using a digital eraser or to copy digital portions of the current digital dental model 210 ( FIGS.
  • a current digital dental model 210 ( FIGS. 2 b - 6 b ) and the new digital dental models 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ) are three dimensional models.
  • a new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ) can be used to manufacture a subsequent dental appliance prior to removing the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 ( FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 a , 8 b ) from the patient's physical teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 a ).
  • the new digital dental model 220 - 620 may be used to manufacture a subsequent dental appliance, such as a retainer, a splint or a positioner, among others, as discussed herein.
  • a new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ) can be segmented or unsegmented or partially segmented, among other things.
  • a new digital dental model 220 - 620 does not include or does not require the inclusion of any digital roots corresponding to any of the patient's physical teeth 100 a - 100 d ( FIG. 1 a ).
  • a new digital dental model 220 - 620 does not include or does not require the inclusion of any digital crowns.
  • the current teeth arrangement of the digital teeth 210 a - 210 d ( FIG. 2 b ) of the current digital dental model 210 FIGS.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a system for creating a subsequent dental appliance prior to removal of a current dental appliance from a set of physical teeth for a patient, according to one embodiment.
  • the blocks that represent features in FIG. 9 can be arranged differently than as illustrated, and can implement additional or fewer features than what are described herein. Further, the features represented by the blocks in FIG. 9 can be combined in various ways.
  • the system 900 can be implemented using hardware, hardware and software, hardware and firmware, or a combination thereof.
  • the system 900 includes a current-digital-dental-model-receiving-component 910 and a new-digital-dental-model-creation-component 920 .
  • the new-digital-dental-model can either be segmented, partially segmented or unsegmented.
  • the current-digital-dental-model-receiving-component 910 is suitable for receiving a current digital dental model 210 ( FIGS. 2 b - 6 b ) that includes a representation of the set of physical teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 a ) for the patient with the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 ( FIGS.
  • the received current digital dental model 210 includes the representation of the set of physical teeth 100 for the patient with the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 attached to the physical teeth 100 that are at or close to a desired teeth arrangement.
  • the received current digital dental model 210 ( FIG. 2 b - 6 b ) is a direct digital scan of the set of physical teeth 100 and the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 .
  • the new-digital-dental-model-creation-component 920 is suitable for computer automated creation of a new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ) that includes the representation of the set of physical teeth 100 without including the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 ( FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 a , 8 b ) where the new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS.
  • 2 c - 6 c includes electronic data suitable for manufacturing of the subsequent dental appliance prior to removal of the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 from the set of physical teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 a ) or the oral cavity 810 a , 810 b ( FIGS. 8 a , 8 b ).
  • the new-digital-dental-model-creation-component 920 may be further suitable for superimposing a segmented digital tooth 200 a - 200 d ( FIG. 2 a ) of the patient on corresponding individual digital tooth 210 a - 210 d ( FIG. 2 b ) associated with the current digital dental model 210 ( FIG. 2 b ) where the segmented digital tooth 200 a - 200 d was obtained from a digital dental model taken of the set of physical teeth 100 of the patient without the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 ( FIGS.
  • the new-digital-dental-model-creation-component 920 may be further suitable for superimposing a second representation of all 300 ( FIG. 3 a ) or a portion 300 a , 300 b ( FIG. 3 a ) of the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 ( FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 a , 8 b ) on the current dental appliance 122 ( FIG.
  • the new-digital-dental-model-creation-component 920 may be further suitable for estimating a contour 450 of a subset 440 of a digital tooth 210 b included in the current digital dental model 210 ( FIGS. 2 b - 6 b ) where the estimating is based on a contour 404 of the underneath surface 402 of a bracket base 400 .
  • the new-digital-dental-model-creation-component 920 may be further suitable for creating a similar digital tooth 600 based on an average of a plurality of physical teeth and determining a contour of a portion 630 of the digital tooth 210 b of the current digital dental model 210 ( FIGS. 2 b - 6 b ) based on a corresponding portion 610 the similar digital tooth 600 .
  • the new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ) is an intermediate digital dental model and the new-digital-dental-model-creation-component 920 is further suitable for creating one of a series of intermediate digital dental models (also referred to herein as “a series of new digital dental models”).
  • the series of intermediate digital dental models may approximate a series of changes in gingival contour 730 ( FIG. 7 ) of the patient, as discussed herein.
  • the changes in the gingival contour 730 of the patient can be determined or estimated based on a simulation, as discussed herein.
  • the changes in the gingival contour 730 of the patient can be determined or estimated based on an original gingival contour of the patient without requiring simulation, as discussed herein.
  • the changes in the gingival contour 730 of the patient may be due to the gingival contour changing at various points in time t0 to t3 ( FIG. 7 ).
  • the new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ) is an intermediate digital dental model and the new-digital-dental-model-creation-component 920 is further suitable for creating one of a series of intermediate digital dental models (also referred to herein as “a series of new digital dental models”), as discussed herein.
  • FIG. 10 depicts a flow chart 1000 of a method of creating a subsequent dental appliance prior to removal of a current dental appliance from a set of physical teeth for a patient, according to one embodiment.
  • a current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 ( FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 a , 8 b ) is attached to a patient's set of physical teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 a ) or oral cavity 810 a , 810 b ( FIGS. 8 a , 8 b ).
  • a current digital dental model 210 ( FIG. 2 b ) can be created using various types of scanning or imaging.
  • an intraoral scan of the patient's physical teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 a ) or of the patient's physical teeth 100 and oral cavity 810 a , 810 b ( FIGS. 8 a , 8 b ) with the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 ( FIG. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g ) attached can be used to create a current digital dental model 210 ( FIGS. 2 b - 6 b ).
  • the current digital dental model is a direct digital scan of the set of physical teeth and the current dental appliance
  • a current digital dental model 210 ( FIGS. 1 b - 6 b ) is received that includes a representation of the set of physical teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 a ) for the patient with the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 ( FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 a , 8 b ) attached to the physical teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 a ) or oral cavity 810 a , 810 b ( FIGS.
  • the received current digital dental model 210 includes the representation of the set of physical teeth 100 for the patient with the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 attached to the physical teeth 100 that are at or close to a desired teeth arrangement.
  • the current dental appliance may be any dental appliance that can be attached to one or more of the patient's physical teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 a ) or to the patient's oral cavity 810 , 810 b ( FIGS. 8 a , 8 b ).
  • a new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ) that includes the representation of the set of physical teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 a ) without including the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 ( FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 a , 8 b ) is created based on the current digital dental model 210 ( FIG. 2 b ).
  • FIGS. 2 c - 6 c FIGS. 2 c - 6 c
  • each 200 a - 200 d of segmented digital teeth 200 of the patient is superimposed on corresponding digital teeth 210 a - 210 d associated with the current digital dental model 210 .
  • the segmented digital teeth 200 a - 200 d are derived from the set of physical teeth 100 without any dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 ( FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 a , 8 b ) applied to the set of physical teeth 100 .
  • a non-superimposed portion of the current digital dental model 210 is determined based on the superimposing 1120 .
  • the new digital dental model 220 is created by removing the non-superimposed portion of the current digital dental model 210 that was determined at 1130 .
  • a second representation 300 , 300 a , 300 b of all or a portion of the current dental appliance is superimposed on the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 ( FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 a , 8 b ) associated with the first representation 210 , where the first representation 210 is the current digital dental model 210 .
  • a superimposed portion of the first representation 210 ( FIG. 3 b ) is determined based on the superimposing at 1220 .
  • the new digital dental model 320 ( FIG. 3 c ) is created at 1240 by removing the superimposed portion, associated with 300 , 300 a , 300 b ( FIG. 3 a ), of the first representation 210 that was determined at 1230 .
  • a contour 450 of a portion 440 of a digital tooth 210 b associated with the current digital dental model 210 is estimated based on a contour 404 of the underneath surface 402 of a bracket base 400 associated with the current dental appliance 112 .
  • the current dental appliance 112 is removed from the representation 210 , for example, as described in the context of FIGS. 3 a - c and 12 .
  • a second digital tooth 500 b is superimposed onto a first digital tooth 210 b of the current digital dental model 210 , wherein the first digital tooth 210 b and the second digital tooth 500 b are similar.
  • the second digital tooth 500 b that is superimposed on the first digital tooth 210 b can be an average of a plurality of digital teeth that are not derived from the physical teeth 100 of the patient.
  • the first and second digital teeth 210 b , 500 b may represent different physical teeth of the patient.
  • the second digital tooth 500 b may represent a physical tooth of a person that is not the patient.
  • the size of the second digital tooth 500 b may be scaled based on the size of the first digital tooth 210 b that it is suited to superimpose.
  • the second digital tooth 500 b may be sized to match or slightly exceed the first digital tooth 210 b 's size.
  • the new digital dental model 520 is created by removing a non superimposed portion of the representation.
  • the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 ( FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 a , 8 b ) is digitally removed from the representation 210 .
  • an area 630 of a first digital tooth 210 b beneath a virtual portion of the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 ( FIGS.
  • the first digital tooth 210 b is associated with the current digital dental model 210 and the virtual portion is associated with the current dental appliance 1112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 ( FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 a , 8 b ).
  • the virtual portion are a bracket, a wire, button, a cleat, a tube, a hook, a band, a ligature wire, an aligner attachment and an O-ring.
  • the current dental appliance 300 can be removed from the representation 210 , as illustrated FIGS. 3 a - 3 c , for example.
  • 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 a , 8 b can be determined, where the first digital tooth 210 b is associated with the current digital dental model 210 and the virtual portion 400 is associated with the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 ( FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 a , 8 b ), as described illustrated in FIGS. 4 a - 4 c , for example.
  • An area 610 of a second digital tooth 600 that is similar to the first digital tooth 210 b is received and a contour of the first digital tooth's area 630 is reconstructed based on the second digital tooth 600 's area 610 , as illustrated in FIGS. 6 a - 6 c , for example.
  • a segmented digital tooth 200 a - 200 d of the patient can be superimposed on a first digital tooth 210 a associated with the current digital dental model 210 as illustrated in FIGS. 2 a - 2 c .
  • a second representation 300 , 300 a , 300 b of all or a portion of the current dental appliance can be superimposed on the current dental appliance associated with the current digital dental model 210 as discussed in the context of FIGS. 3 a - 3 c .
  • a contour of a portion of a second digital tooth 210 b of the current digital dental model 210 can be estimated based on a contour 404 of the underneath surface 402 of a portion 400 of the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 ( FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 a , 8 b ) as illustrated in FIG. 4 b . All or a portion 610 of a similar digital tooth 500 c , 600 can be superimposed on a third digital tooth 210 c of the current digital dental model 210 as discussed in the context of FIGS. 5 a , 5 b and 6 a .
  • the first digital tooth 210 a , the second digital tooth 210 b and the third digital tooth 210 c correspond to different ones of the patient's physical teeth 100 a - 100 c.
  • FIGS. 2 c - 6 c Various embodiments for creating a new digital dental model 220 - 620 are also well-suited for including the gingiva 710 ( FIG. 7 ) in a new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ) or changes to the gingiva 710 , as indicated by 720 ( FIG. 7 ), in a series of new digital dental models 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ) as discussed herein.
  • Various embodiments are well-suited for changes in the gingiva due to a TAD 800 ( FIGS. 8 a , 8 b ), or any other type of dental appliance that may cause the gingival to change, as discussed herein.
  • the physical teeth 100 are close but not at the desired teeth arrangement when the current digital dental model 210 ( FIGS. 2 b - 6 b ) is created. Therefore, according to one embodiment, when the current digital dental model 210 ( FIGS. 2 b - 6 b ) is created when the patient's physical teeth 100 are close but not at the desired teeth arrangement, positions of one or more digital teeth in the new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ) are adjusted to the desired teeth arrangement.
  • Information pertaining to one or more dimensions of the feature or descriptions of the feature can be used to determine how to adjust the positions of the one or more digital teeth in the new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ).
  • a subsequent dental appliance that is manufactured based on a new digital dental model 220 - 620 FIGS.
  • the current digital dental model 210 ( FIGS. 2 b - 6 b ) and the new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ) include digital teeth that each correspond to one of the patient's physical teeth 100 a - 100 b ( FIG. 1 a ).
  • digital data suitable for use in manufacturing the subsequent dental appliance is provided based on electronic data included in the new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ) prior to removal of the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 ( FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 a , 8 b ) from the set of physical teeth 100 or the oral cavity 810 a , 810 b ( FIGS. 1 a , 8 a , 8 b ).
  • Examples of a subsequent dental appliance are a retainer, an (active) aligner, a splint, an expander, or a positioner.
  • the retainer may be a Hawley, an Essix-type retainer, a bonded wire, a vacuum-formed stent, spring-retainer type, a clear splint type, or a combination thereof.
  • the subsequent device may be a clear removable aligner or series of aligners similar to a retainer, but designed to continue with orthodontic movement of the teeth.
  • At least one example of a splint is an orthognathic surgery splint, among others. According to one embodiment, 1040 is optional.
  • the receiving at 1020 and the creating at 1030 are performed by one or more computer processors, according to one embodiment.
  • specific operations are disclosed in flowchart 1000 , such operations are exemplary. That is, embodiments of the present invention are well-suited to performing various other operations or variations of the operations recited in flowchart 1000 . It is appreciated that the operations in flowchart 1000 may be performed in an order different than presented, and that not all of the operations in flowchart 1000 may be performed.
  • a subsequent dental appliance can be manufactured based on the provided digital data, such as electronic data included in the new digital dental model, prior to removal of all or part of the current dental appliance from the set of physical teeth.
  • the electronic data included in the new digital dental model can be used to fabricate a mold using a rapid-prototyping machine or milling machine and forming the subsequent dental appliance over the mold.
  • FIG. 16 depicts a digital tooth 1600 that represents one of the patient's set of physical teeth that may be moved from one position of treatment to another position of treatment, according to one embodiment.
  • the digital tooth 1600 represents a segmented or partially segmented digital tooth, that has one or more axes and three dimensional (3D) coordinates so that the digital tooth 1600 can be freely positioned in 3D space.
  • 3D coordinates x, y, and z alone or 3D coordinates x, y, and z in combination with one or more axes 1604 , 1606 , 1608 can be used for positioning the digital tooth 1600 .
  • an arbitrary centerline may be drawn through the digital tooth 1600 .
  • a tooth 1600 may be moved in orthogonal directions represented by axes 1604 , 1606 , and 1608 (where 1604 is the centerline).
  • the centerline may be rotated about the axis 1608 (root angulation) and the axis 1604 (torque) as indicated by arrows 1610 and 1612 , respectively.
  • the tooth 1600 may be rotated about the centerline, as represented by an arrow 1612 .
  • FIGS. 17-19 illustrate a technique for identifying the gingival margin that defines the boundary between tooth and gum in the patient's dentition and simulating changes in the gingiva, according to one embodiment.
  • This technique involves the creation of a series of horizontal 2D-planes 1780 , or slices, that intersect the dentition model roughly perpendicular to the occlusal plane.
  • the cross-sectional surface 1782 of the dentition model in each of these planes 1780 includes cusps 1784 , 1786 that represent the gingival margin.
  • the computer identifies the gingival margin by applying one or more of the cusp detection techniques described above.
  • voxel neighbrhoods 1788 , 1790 are defined on one of the 2D-planes to focus the computer's search for cusps on adjacent 2D plane.
  • the computer Upon detecting a pair of cusps 1784 , 1786 on one 2D plane, the computer defines one or more neighborhoods 1788 , 1790 to include predetermined number of voxels surrounding the pair.
  • the computer projects the neighborhoods onto an adjacent 2D plane by identifying the voxels on the adjacent plane that correspond to the voxel in the neighborhoods 1788 , 1790 on the original plane.
  • the computer identifies the pair of black voxels that lie closest together in the two neighborhoods on the adjacent plane, labeling these voxels as lying in the cusp.
  • the computer repeats this process for all remaining planes.
  • the computer creates proposals for segmenting the dentition model and then allows the user to select the best alternative.
  • one version of the arch curve fitting technique requires the computer to create a candidate catenary or spline curve, which the user allowed to modify by manipulating the mathematical control parameters.
  • One technique involves displaying several surfaces that are candidates cutting surfaces and allowing the user to select the appropriate surfaces.
  • a tangible computer readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon for causing a computer system to perform a method of creating a subsequent dental appliance prior to removal of a current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 820 ( FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 b ) from a set of physical teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 a ) for a patient is provided.
  • the tangible computer readable storage medium provides for receiving 1020 a current digital dental model 210 ( FIG. 2 b - 6 b ) that includes a representation of the set of physical teeth 100 ( FIG.
  • FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 a , 8 b FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 a , 8 b ) attached to the physical teeth 100 or oral cavity 810 a , 810 b ( FIGS.
  • the current digital dental model 210 is a direct digital scan of the set of physical teeth 100 and the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 and wherein the physical teeth 100 are at a position in treatment when all or a part of the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 is desired to be removed from one or more of the set of physical teeth 100 and it is desired to use a subsequent appliance.
  • the creating 1030 ( FIG. 10 ) is computer automated.
  • the new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ) includes electronic data suitable for manufacturing of the subsequent dental appliance prior to removal of the current dental appliance 112 , 122 , 132 , 152 , 162 , 800 , 820 ( FIGS. 1 b , 1 c , 1 d , 1 f , 1 g , 8 a , 8 b ) from the set of physical teeth 100 ( FIG. 1 a ) or oral cavity 810 a , 810 b ( FIGS. 8 a , 8 b ).
  • a new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ), according to various embodiments, provides for more quickly, more cheaply making subsequent dental appliances that fit the patient's physical teeth and gingiva better.
  • a new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ), according to various embodiments, provides for increased patient compliance (due to improved appliance comfort when worn, for example) and reduced chance of relapse as a result.
  • a new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ), according to various embodiments, significantly reduces the chance of relapse because the subsequent digital appliance is made from the new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS.
  • a new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ) can be created without using physical impressions or without requiring the use of physical impressions and associated processes such as blocking out the teeth with wax, for example, prior to taking the impression.
  • a new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ), according to various embodiments, reduces the number of patient appointments and/or additional appliances needed, or a combination thereof in comparison to methods involving physical impressions, since the appliance removal and subsequent appliance delivery can be combined into one appointment.
  • a new digital dental model 220 - 620 ( FIGS. 2 c - 6 c ) is not subject to the distortions that can occur while making a manual impression, so the risk of remaking the appliance and the additional time and effort associated due to poor subsequent appliance fit is reduced.
  • the teeth are less likely to undergo a period of time without orthodontic restraint, as would be the case if the braces were removed and a period of time allowed to lapse before the retainer is delivered.
  • a transitional dental appliance to prevent movement during this interim period becomes no longer needed, since the doctor can smoothly transition between braces and the subsequent dental appliance.

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US13/605,949 2012-09-06 2012-09-06 Method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance Abandoned US20140067334A1 (en)

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US13/605,949 US20140067334A1 (en) 2012-09-06 2012-09-06 Method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance
AU2013311369A AU2013311369B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2013-08-23 A method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance
ES13776552T ES2712196T3 (es) 2012-09-06 2013-08-23 Procedimiento y sistema utilizables para crear un aparato dental subsiguiente
CA2881620A CA2881620C (en) 2012-09-06 2013-08-23 A method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance
HK15107357.5A HK1206578B (en) 2012-09-06 2013-08-23 A method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance
CN201380046560.4A CN104602643B (zh) 2012-09-06 2013-08-23 用于制作后续牙科器具的方法和系统
PCT/IB2013/001832 WO2014037778A1 (en) 2012-09-06 2013-08-23 A method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance
EP18201613.9A EP3492040B1 (en) 2012-09-06 2013-08-23 A method usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance
EP13776552.5A EP2892460B1 (en) 2012-09-06 2013-08-23 A method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance
KR1020157008593A KR102035374B1 (ko) 2012-09-06 2013-08-23 후속 치과 기구를 형성하는데 사용가능한 방법 및 시스템
JP2015530501A JP6367806B2 (ja) 2012-09-06 2013-08-23 医療機器の作動方法、後続歯科装置を作製する際に使用可能な方法、プログラム、及びシステム
JP2018072767A JP6663450B2 (ja) 2012-09-06 2018-04-04 医療機器の作動方法、後続歯科装置を作製する際に使用可能な方法、プログラム、及びシステム
AU2018202874A AU2018202874B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2018-04-26 A method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance
AU2018236686A AU2018236686B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2018-09-24 A method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance
US16/200,445 US11432907B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2018-11-26 Method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance
US17/874,160 US12178678B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2022-07-26 Method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance
US18/939,393 US20250302587A1 (en) 2012-09-06 2024-11-06 Method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance

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US16/200,445 Active 2034-06-12 US11432907B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2018-11-26 Method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance
US17/874,160 Active 2032-09-06 US12178678B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2022-07-26 Method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance
US18/939,393 Pending US20250302587A1 (en) 2012-09-06 2024-11-06 Method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance

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US17/874,160 Active 2032-09-06 US12178678B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2022-07-26 Method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance
US18/939,393 Pending US20250302587A1 (en) 2012-09-06 2024-11-06 Method and a system usable in creating a subsequent dental appliance

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EP (2) EP2892460B1 (enExample)
JP (2) JP6367806B2 (enExample)
KR (1) KR102035374B1 (enExample)
CN (1) CN104602643B (enExample)
AU (3) AU2013311369B2 (enExample)
CA (1) CA2881620C (enExample)
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US20250302587A1 (en) 2025-10-02
CN104602643B (zh) 2017-03-08
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US11432907B2 (en) 2022-09-06
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US20230157788A1 (en) 2023-05-25
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CN104602643A (zh) 2015-05-06
CA2881620A1 (en) 2014-03-13

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