US20140039224A1 - Methods for producing bioderived propylene glycol - Google Patents

Methods for producing bioderived propylene glycol Download PDF

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US20140039224A1
US20140039224A1 US14/002,160 US201214002160A US2014039224A1 US 20140039224 A1 US20140039224 A1 US 20140039224A1 US 201214002160 A US201214002160 A US 201214002160A US 2014039224 A1 US2014039224 A1 US 2014039224A1
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column
biobased
glycidol
propylene glycol
product
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Kevin J. Adlaf
Paul D. Bloom
William Chris Hoffman
Chicheng Ma
John G. Soper
Brad Zenthoefer
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Archer Daniels Midland Co
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Archer Daniels Midland Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/74—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
    • C07C29/76—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
    • C07C29/80—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by distillation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
    • B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
    • B01D15/26—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
    • B01D15/36—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism involving ionic interaction
    • B01D15/361—Ion-exchange
    • B01D15/362—Cation-exchange
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
    • B01D3/143—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column by two or more of a fractionation, separation or rectification step
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/34—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B63/00—Purification; Separation; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/60—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by elimination of -OH groups, e.g. by dehydration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/74—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
    • C07C29/76—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/74—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
    • C07C29/88—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C31/00—Saturated compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C31/18—Polyhydroxylic acyclic alcohols
    • C07C31/20—Dihydroxylic alcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C31/00—Saturated compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C31/18—Polyhydroxylic acyclic alcohols
    • C07C31/20—Dihydroxylic alcohols
    • C07C31/202—Ethylene glycol
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C31/00—Saturated compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C31/18—Polyhydroxylic acyclic alcohols
    • C07C31/20—Dihydroxylic alcohols
    • C07C31/205—1,3-Propanediol; 1,2-Propanediol

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to processes for making a bioderived propylene glycol. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods for making a bioderived propylene glycol through the reaction of a biobased feedstock—conventionally, glycerol or five and six carbon sugars and/or sugar alcohols—with hydrogen to provide a polyol product mixture including propylene glycol, wherein the polyol product mixture is further processed to yield a commercially acceptable biobased equivalent to the petroleum-based or -derived commodity propylene glycol product used today in so many different applications.
  • a biobased feedstock conventionally, glycerol or five and six carbon sugars and/or sugar alcohols
  • the present invention is concerned with the development of renewably sourced products which are able to serve as commercially acceptable replacements for materials, and especially commodities such as propylene glycol and ethylene glycol, which are presently made downstream of conventional fossil fuel operations.
  • Such biobased, renewably sourced materials can be differentiated from their petroleum-derived counterparts, for example, by their carbon isotope ratios using ASTM International Radioisotope Standard Method D 6866, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • Method D 6866 is based upon the fact that isotopic ratios of the isotopes of carbon within any given material, such as the 13C/12C carbon isotopic ratio or the 14C/12C carbon isotopic ratio, can be determined using certain established analytical methods, such as isotope ratio mass spectrometry, with a high degree of precision.
  • ASTM Method D6866 similar to radiocarbon dating, compares how much of a decaying carbon isotope remains in a sample to how much would be in the same sample if it were made of entirely recently grown materials. The percentage is called the biobased content of the product.
  • Samples are combusted in a quartz sample tube and the gaseous combustion products are transferred to a borosilicate break seal tube.
  • liquid scintillation is used to count the relative amounts of carbon isotopes in the carbon dioxide in the gaseous combustion products.
  • 13C/12C and 14C/12C isotope ratios are counted (14C) and measured (13C/12C) using accelerator mass spectrometry.
  • Zero percent 14C indicates the entire lack of 14C atoms in a material, thus indicating a fossil (for example, petroleum based) carbon source.
  • One hundred percent 14C after correction for the post-1950 bomb injection of 14C into the atmosphere, indicates a modern carbon source.
  • ASTM D 6866 effectively distinguishes between biobased materials and petroleum derived materials in part because isotopic fractionation due to physiological processes, such as, for example, carbon dioxide transport within plants during photosynthesis, leads to specific isotopic ratios in natural or biobased compounds.
  • the 13C/12C carbon isotopic ratio of petroleum and petroleum derived products is different from the isotopic ratios in natural or bioderived compounds due to different chemical processes and isotopic fractionation during the generation of petroleum.
  • biologically derived may be used interchangeably to refer to materials whose carbon content is shown by ASTM D 6866, in whole or in significant part (for example, at least about 20 percent or more), to be derived from or based upon biological products or renewable agricultural materials (including but not limited to plant, animal and marine materials) or forestry materials.
  • Propylene glycol and ethylene glycol have conventionally been produced from petrochemical sources.
  • Commercial production of petroleum-based or -derived propylene glycol involves the hydration of propylene oxide, made predominantly by the oxidation of propylene.
  • the commercial production of ethylene glycol similarly involves the hydration of ethylene oxide, made by the oxidation of ethylene.
  • Propylene and ethylene in turn are industrial by-products of gasoline manufacture, for example, as by-products of fluid cracking of gas oils or steam cracking of hydrocarbons.
  • 7,038,094 to Werpy et al. for example, as are six carbon sugars such as glucose, galactose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, allose, altrose, mannose, gulose, idose and talose and six carbon chain sugar alcohols such as sorbitol.
  • Some of these carbohydrate-based feedstocks are commercially available as pure or purified materials. These materials may also be obtained as side-products or even waste products from other processes, such as corn processing.
  • the sugar alcohols may also be intermediate products produced in the initial stage of hydrogenating a sugar.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,927 describes a homogeneous process for hydrocracking carbohydrates in the presence of a soluble transition metal catalyst to produce lower polyhydric alcohols.
  • a carbohydrate is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a soluble transition metal catalyst and a strong base at a temperature of from about 25° C. to about 200° C. and a pressure of from about 15 to about 3000 psi.
  • a soluble transition metal catalyst and a strong base at a temperature of from about 25° C. to about 200° C. and a pressure of from about 15 to about 3000 psi.
  • Tables II and III in the disclosure of U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,927, about 2-7% of other polyol compounds are produced in the hydrocracking process.
  • EP-A-0523 014 and EP-A-0 415 202 describe a process for preparing lower polyhydric alcohols by catalytic hydrocracking of aqueous sucrose solutions at elevated temperature and pressure using a catalyst whose active material comprises the metals cobalt, copper and manganese. Still other examples of such carbohydrate-based processes may be found without difficulty by those skilled in the art.
  • Glycerol is currently produced as a byproduct in making biodiesel from vegetable and plant oils, through the transesterification reaction of lower alkanols with higher fatty acid triglycerides to yield lower alkyl esters of higher fatty acids and a substantial glycerol byproduct.
  • Glycerol is also available as a by-product of the hydrolysis reaction of water with higher fatty acid triglycerides to yield soap and glycerol.
  • the higher fatty acid triglycerides may derive from animal or vegetable (plant) sources, or from a combination of animal and vegetable sources as well known, and a variety of processes have been described or are known.
  • vegetable oils include, but are not limited to, soybean oil, linseed oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, corn oil, canola oil, rapeseed oil, palm kernel oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, palm oil, tung oil, safflower oil and derivatives, conjugated derivatives, genetically-modified derivatives and mixtures thereof.
  • a reference to a vegetable oil includes all its derivatives as outlined above.
  • the use of the term “linseed oil” includes all derivatives including conjugated linseed oil.
  • a biobased glycerol is also available as a product of the hydrogenolysis of sorbitol, as described in an exemplary process in U.S. Pat. No. 4,366,332, issued Dec. 28, 1982.
  • U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,276,181 and 5,214,219 thus describe a process of hydrogenolysis of glycerol using copper and zinc catalyst in addition to sulfided ruthenium catalyst at a pressure over 2100 psi and temperature between 240-270° C.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,616,817 describes a process of preparing 1,2-propanediol (more commonly, propylene glycol) by catalytic hydrogenolysis of glycerol at elevated temperature and pressure using a catalyst comprising the metals cobalt, copper, manganese and molybdenum.
  • German Patent DE 541362 describes the hydrogenolysis of glycerol with a nickel catalyst.
  • Persoa & Tundo (Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2005, 8535-8537) describe a process for converting glycerol to 1,2-propanediol by heating under low hydrogen pressure in presence of Raney nickel and a liquid phosphonium salt. Selectivities toward 1,2-propanediol as high as 93% were reported, but required using a pure glycerol and long reaction times (20 hrs).
  • Crabtree et al. (Hydrocarbon processing February 2006 pp 87-92) describe a phosphine/precious metal salt catalyst that permit a homogenous catalyst system for converting glycerol into 1,2-propanediol. However, low selectivity (20-30%) was reported.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,935,102 describes a method for using an azeotrope forming agent such as propylene glycol isobutyl ether, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, N,N-dimethylacetamide, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, 2-methoxyethyl ether, ethylene glycol n-butyl ether, diacetone alcohol and ethyl n-butyl ketone.
  • an azeotrope forming agent such as propylene glycol isobutyl ether, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, N,N-dimethylacetamide, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, 2-methoxyethyl ether, ethylene glycol n-butyl ether, diacetone alcohol and ethyl n-butyl ketone.
  • the azeotrope forming agent consists of a material selected from the group consisting of toluene, ethyl benzene, o-xylene, p-xylene, cumene, m-diisopropyl benzene, m-diethyl benzene, mesitylene, p-cymene, hexane, cyclohexane, methyl cyclohexane, heptane, 3-methyl pentane, octane, decane, 2,3,4-trimethyl pentane, dipentene, decalin, dicyclopentadiene, alpha-phellandrene, limonene, hemimellitene, myrcene, terpinolene, p-mentha-1,5-diene, beta-pinene, 3-carene, 1-heptene, cyclopentane, pentane, o
  • the azeotrope forming agents described in these two references may be characterized by their Hansen solubility parameters (Tables B and C), as these can be determined using the program “Molecular Modeling Pro Plus (version 6.0.6, Norgwyn Montgomery Software Inc, available from ChemSW, Inc) based on values published in the “Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Parameters” by Allen F. M. Barton (CRC Press, 1983) for solvents obtained experimentally by Hansen.
  • Hansen “h” (hydrogen bonding) values at 25° C. and Hansen “p” (polarity) values ° C. listed below were calculated in this manner.
  • Azeotropic agent Hansen p Hansen h Propylene glycol isobutyl ether 5.42 12.52 Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol 10.46 10.96 N,N-dimethylacetamide 11.47 10.23 Toluene 0.75 1.98 Ethyl benzene 0.65 1.85 p-Xylene 0.91 1.84 m-Xylene 0.91 1.84 o-Xylene 0.91 1.84 Cumene 0.58 1.74 Mesitylene 0.98 1.7 Ethylene glycol diethyl ether 9.19 14.3 Diethylene glycol diethyl ether 9.22 12.33 2-Methoxyethyl ether 1.81 7.41 Ethylene glycol-n-butyl ether 5.13 12.27 Diacetone alcohol 8.17 10.76 3-heptanone 5.28 3.93
  • the present invention addresses this difficulty by providing, according to a first aspect, a process for distilling a product mixture comprised of biobased propylene glycol, biobased ethylene glycol or a combination thereof and which further includes one or both of propylene oxide and glycidol, so that a distilled biobased glycol product stream is produced which is substantially free of both propylene oxide and glycidol. Epoxide removal is thus integrated into the refining process for a crude reaction product, to produce the desired biobased, commercially acceptable glycol product.
  • the present invention concerns other solutions that can be implemented independently of one another or especially given a preexistent refining process (that may or may not be feasibly adapted or modified to carry out a distillation process according to the first aspect), for example, a process for removing substantially all of the propylene oxide and glycidol present in an otherwise finished, biobased glycol product, as well as a process for guarding against and preferably substantially preventing the formation of propylene oxide and glycidol in a biobased glycol product from the distillation of the aforementioned product mixture.
  • the present invention in this regard also contemplates measures for both guarding against the formation of propylene oxide and glycidol in the biobased glycol product, as well as for treating the biobased glycol product to ensure a biobased glycol product that is substantially free of propylene oxide and glycidol.
  • FIG. 1 depicts one embodiment of a distillation process that might be used according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 depicts an alternate embodiment of a distillation process according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 depicts a second alternate embodiment of a distillation process according to the present invention.
  • the present invention addresses the need for a biobased glycol product that is compliant with the requirements of Proposition 65 and preferably substantially free of propylene oxide and glycidol.
  • the present invention addresses this difficulty by providing, according to a first aspect, a process for distilling a mixture containing propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene oxide, glycidol and other monools and diols, such as a mixture obtained from the reaction of hydrogen with a sugar or sugar alcohol or with glycerol according to a method of the type described above.
  • an aqueous reaction product 12 from the reaction of hydrogen 14 with an aqueous solution of biobased glycerol 16 according to a process of the type described in United States Patent Application Publication US2008/0274019A1 to Beggin et al., published Nov. 6, 2008 and now incorporated herein by reference—and of the same general character as processed in the commonly-assigned Kalagias and Hilaly et al. applications—is first distilled in columns 18 and 20 to remove low molecular weight alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanols for example) and water overhead in streams 22 and 24 , respectively.
  • low molecular weight alcohols methanol, ethanol, propanols for example
  • the remainder 26 is pH modified with an acid 28 as described in the Beggin et al. reference, and then supplied as stream 30 to column 32 , wherein components with boiling points higher than that of propylene glycol (unconverted glycerol, mixed diols inclusive of the ethylene glycol formed in the process) are removed in stream 34 .
  • the distillate 36 is refined by distillation in column 38 to produce a high purity propylene glycol as a substantially water-free, bottoms product 40 , with the glycidol and propylene oxide being removed overhead in stream 42 with any residual water and mixed diols.
  • Stream 34 is preferably further processed by distillation in column 44 to enable recovery of an ethylene glycol-rich diols mix overhead in stream 46 and unreacted glycerol for recycle as desired in stream 48 .
  • an aqueous reaction product 72 from the reaction of hydrogen 74 with an aqueous solution of biobased glycerol 76 is first pH modified by the addition at 78 of acid, preferably sulfuric acid, before being supplied as stream 80 to a first column 82 .
  • acid preferably sulfuric acid
  • Lower molecular weight alcohols are distilled off in stream 84 , then the remainder 86 proceeds to a second column 88 which operates to remove all but a small amount of water as stream 90 .
  • Column 92 separates out unreacted glycerol in a bottoms stream 94 , and the distillate 96 containing ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, higher diols (e.g., butanediols, pentanediols), propylene oxide, glycidol and less than one percent of water is further refined by distillation in column 98 , where ethylene glycol is first separated as a bottoms product 100 .
  • diols e.g., butanediols, pentanediols
  • high purity propylene glycol is separated out as a substantially propylene oxide- and glycidol-free, substantially water-free bottoms product 104 , with the propylene oxide, glycidol, 2,3-butanediol and any residual water being removed overhead in stream 106 .
  • an aqueous reaction product 122 from the reaction of hydrogen 124 with an aqueous solution of biobased glycerol 126 is first pH modified by the addition at 128 of acid, preferably sulfuric acid, before being supplied as stream 130 to a first column 132 .
  • acid preferably sulfuric acid
  • Lower molecular weight alcohols are distilled off in stream 134 , then the remainder 136 proceeds to a second column 138 which operates to remove all but a small amount of water as stream 140 .
  • Column 142 separates out unreacted glycerol in a bottoms stream 144 , and the distillate 146 containing ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, higher dials (e.g., butanediols, pentanediols), propylene oxide, glycidol and less than one percent of water is further refined by distillation in column 148 .
  • Propylene oxide, glycidol, 2,3-butanediol and any residual water are distilled overhead from the column 148 in stream 150 , and the bottoms stream 152 containing ethylene and propylene glycols is further distilled in column 154 .
  • a predominantly ethylene glycol bottoms product 156 (with some residual propylene glycol) is recovered from the column 154 , while a high purity propylene glycol product 158 is recovered as a substantially glycidol- and propylene oxide-free sidestream from the distillation. Some propylene glycol and residual propylene oxide are carried overhead in 160 for being recycled back to column 142 .
  • propylene oxide and glycidol are thus easily removed from the product mix resulting from the hydrogenolysis of a carbohydrate or polyol, according to any of the various references summarized above.
  • the propylene oxide and glycidol are removed in the distillates. Most of the propylene oxide is removed with the lower molecular weight alcohols, whereas most of the glycidol is removed with the butanediols.
  • the present invention also provides a solution for removing substantially all of the propylene oxide and glycidol otherwise present in a biobased glycol product, for example, after water, lower molecular weight alcohols, higher dials and unconverted glycerol have all been removed from an otherwise finished, purified and commercially suitable propylene glycol product, by treating the otherwise finished biobased glycol product with strong acid ion exchange resins.
  • Resins suitable for this application include any gel or macroporous (macroreticular) polymer such as polystyrene or polystyrene/divinylbenzene that has been functionalized with sulfonic acid.
  • AMBERLYST 15 AMBERLYST 35
  • AMBERLITE 200 H AMBERLITE 200 H
  • DIAION UBK555 H+ form
  • DOWEX 50W DOWEX 88 (H+ form)
  • PUROLITE PD206 Typical conditions for the treatment of epoxide-containing glycol product streams are flow rates of 1-5 bed volumes/hr and temperatures of 50-120° C., preferably 60-100° C., and most preferably 60-80° C.
  • a process for guarding against and preferably substantially preventing the formation of propylene oxide and glycidol in a biobased glycol product from the distillation of the aforementioned product mixture involves simply removing organic acid salts contained in the aqueous reaction product from the hydrogenolysis of a carbohydrate or of a polyol such as glycerol.
  • Preferably all or substantially all of the salts are so removed, for example, at least 85 percent, more preferably at least 90 percent and most preferably more than 96 percent of the salts are removed.
  • these salts have been found to contribute to the production of epoxides such as propylene oxide and glycidol in the distillation and refining of the aqueous reaction product.
  • Separation and removal of these organic acid salts may be accomplished by ion exclusion chromatography, using resins known to those skilled in the art as suited for this purpose, for example, any of the various sodium or calcium form, strong cation exchange styrene/polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer resins such as those available from The Dow Chemical Company under the trade designations DOWEX 99/320, DOWEX 99/290, DOWEX N406, N306 AND N606, AMBERLITE CR1310, CR1320, C20N and IR 120, and AMBERJET 1000Na, 1300Na and 1500 Na, from Mitsubishi Chemical Company under the trade designations UBK550, UBK510L and UBK530, from The Purolite Company under the trade designations C100, PCR145, PCR450, PCR642, PCR732 and PCR833 or from a number of other manufacturers. Simulated moving bed chromatography methods have been found useful for essentially continuously removing
  • the bio-based propylene glycol, the bio-based ethylene glycol or the combination thereof obtained by the processes of the present invention may be subjected to further purification or isolation techniques in order to get a purity of at least 95%.
  • the purity may be obtained to at least 99.5% or even 99.7% depending on the desired use of the bio-based propylene glycol, the bio-based ethylene glycol or the combination thereof.
  • ion exclusion chromatography may be employed to remove organic acid salts from the aqueous reaction product while one of the distillation solutions or treatment with strong acid ion exchange resins may be additionally undertaken to ensure a biobased glycol product that is substantially free of the epoxides that would be present were such measures not taken.
  • Distillate stream A was thus comprised of a nonbiobased, commercial propylene glycol doped with 100 parts per million by weight each of propylene oxide and glycidol, while distillate stream B was made up by doping not more than about 10 ppm of propylene oxide and 250 ppm of glycidol into a 2,3-butanediol cut from a distillation according to United States Patent Application Publication US 2008/0275277A1 to Kalagias. Distillate stream C was made by doping 125 ppm of propylene oxide and not more than about 10 ppm of glycidol into a methanol/water stream.
  • An ion exchange column was assembled by loading 100 mL of DIAION® UBK555 strongly acidic, food grade ion exchange resin from Mitsubishi Chemical Company or of AMBERLITE® 200H strongly acidic, food grade ion exchange resin from The Dow Chemical Company into an Ace Glass #15 600 mm jacketed column.
  • the column was connected to a MasterFlex 100 RPM pump and to reservoirs of Distillates A-C, the column jacket was then connected to a water bath.
  • the resin column was washed in each iteration with 10 bed volumes of deionized water at 5 bed volumes per hour (8.3 mL/min), then 10 bed volumes of 5% hydrochloric acid solution were passed through the column, and finally an additional 10 bed volumes of deionized water were pumped through the column to rinse residual acid from the resin in question.
  • Feeds of Distillates A-C were then pumped through the column at the same 5 bed volumes per hour (corresponding to a column residence time of 12 minutes) rate, and the treated distillates A-C were sampled at various intervals, derivatized with diethyldithiocarbamate and analyzed for their epoxide content post-treatment, using the procedure described in Van Damme et al., “Determination of Residual Free Epoxide in Polyether Polyols by Derivatization With Diethylammonium N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate and Liquid Chromatography”, Journal of Chromatography A, col. 696, no. 1, pp 41-47 (1995). The initial sampling and analysis took place after the distillates in question had passed through a single bed volume of each resin, and then typically after every 5 to 80 bed volumes (or equivalently, after intervals of from 1 to 16 hours on-stream).
  • the DIAION® UBK555 resin was most effective for Distillate A at a temperature of 80 degrees Celsius, for Distillate B at 60 degrees Celsius and for C at from 50 to 60 degrees Celsius. No breakthrough was seen in this regard for Distillates B and C after 500 bed volumes, while Distillate A showed no breakthrough after 1600 bed volumes at 80 degrees Celsius.
  • the AMBERLITE® 200H resin the preferred operating temperature was established at from 60 to 70 degrees Celsius, and no breakthrough was observed after over 2000 bed volumes had been processed of Distillate A, at 5 bed volumes per hour and at 60 to 70 degrees Celsius.
  • a simulated moving bed apparatus was configured in a 1-1-5-5 sequence to remove organic salts from an unrefined/yet-to-be-distilled PG product stream from the hydrogenolysis of glycerol over a NiRe catalyst.
  • the apparatus employed 250 mL of DIAION® UBK550 sodium form, food grade ion exchange resin from Mitsubishi Chemical Company (the UBK550 grade corresponding to the UBK555 resin in its sodium form) in each of the twelve columns, on a carousel conventionally rotating opposite the flow of fluid through the apparatus.
  • One column was used between the inlet of the eluent deionized water and the purified, desalted product outlet as a desorption zone, and finally, one column was interposed as a reload zone between the adsorption zone and the desorption zone, with just enough flow through the column to displace the void fraction deionized water from the column.
  • the step or switch time was set at 12 minutes, with unrefined PG product containing about 25 percent of PG entering the apparatus continuously in the adsorption zone at 5.1 mL/minute.
  • deionized water was supplied as the eluent at 15.8 mL/minute, and the flow from the desorption zone to the enrichment zone was set at 9.7 mL/minute while the flow from the adsorption zone to the reload zone was set at 4.4 mL/minute.
  • the raffinate and a desalted PG product flow rates from the apparatus were 10.4 and 10.5 mL/minute, respectively.
  • An unrefined propylene glycol product was made by the hydrogenolysis of a biobased glycerol over a Ni/Re catalyst. Approximately 5200 kg of reactor product were neutralized over 19 batches. The average sulfuric acid dosage was 0.33 g/100 g of feed. There were two batches where the sulfuric acid loading was significantly less (0.03 g/100 g). The cause was undetermined, but may have been due to low concentration of propylene glycol due to start-up or shut down of the reactor. The average pH of the reactor product was 12.1 and the average neutralized pH was 6.9.
  • the thus-neutralized product was then distilled according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , beginning with an alcohol removal step.
  • This column was run under atmospheric pressure. Due to equipment constraints a high reflux ratio was used. This resulted in less water overhead (4-12 wt %) than indicated by process modeling (27 wt %).
  • the propylene glycol yield was >99%.
  • the other parameters are given in the table below.
  • the next step was a primary water removal step, designed to remove substantially all of the water so that the bottoms to a subsequent glycerol removal step would contain less than 1 wt % of water.
  • This step was completed successfully.
  • the water concentration was brought down to 0.6%.
  • the propylene glycol yield was >99%.
  • There was no evidence of solids formation in the packing which had been a concern with the low levels of water targeted.
  • the salts would wash out easily with water, and the column was continuously run for approximately 5 days without having problems with the solids. The results are given in the table below.
  • Ethylene glycol was next to be separated out as a principal component of the PG product mixture. The results were not as good as hoped, unfortunately, primarily due to operational error. The goal was to maximize yield and the distillate that went forward was not within specification (600 ppm on a propylene glycol basis). There was also one upset that caused ethylene glycol at 1.2% to go forward. Propylene glycol yield was between 95 and 98%, and the bulk product forward for the subsequent butanediol removal step had 5700 ppm ethylene glycol and 200 ppm 1,2-butanediol, as compared to the 500 ppm ethylene glycol and 50 ppm 1,2-butanediol expected from modeling.
  • the final distillation step undertaken was for the removal of 2,3-butanediol (and 2,3-pentanediol and other lighter impurities).
  • the goal of this step was to take USP grade propylene glycol as a bottoms product with less than 1000 ppm total butanediols and pentanediols. This specification was met, even with the additional 1,2-butanediol from errors in the previous step. The yield was 95-97%.
  • the column was run at 10.7 in Hg absolute pressure.
  • the final product had no detectable epoxides (0.2 ppm LOD).
  • the results are summarized in the table below.
  • the APHA color of the samples of the bottoms product was 3 and the specification was 10.
  • a sample of the final propylene glycol product was given to a sensory group and found to be satisfactory.

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WO2016001169A1 (fr) 2014-06-30 2016-01-07 Haldor Topsøe A/S Procédé pour la préparation d'éthylène glycol à partir de sucres
WO2016001136A1 (fr) 2014-06-30 2016-01-07 Haldor Topsøe A/S Procédé pour la préparation d'éthylène glycol à partir de sucres
US9399610B2 (en) 2014-05-19 2016-07-26 Iowa Corn Promotion Board Process for the continuous production of ethylene glycol from carbohydrates
US9796948B2 (en) 2016-01-13 2017-10-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Laundry detergent compositions comprising renewable components
US10759726B2 (en) 2016-01-07 2020-09-01 Haldor Topsøe A/S Process for the preparation of ethylene glycol from sugars
US11384038B2 (en) 2016-01-07 2022-07-12 Haldor Topsøe A/S Process for the preparation of ethylene glycol from sugars
CN115380018A (zh) * 2020-04-03 2022-11-22 芬欧汇川集团 回收单丙二醇

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TWI547471B (zh) * 2014-11-26 2016-09-01 義守大學 醇類化合物的純化方法
US20190367436A1 (en) * 2017-01-13 2019-12-05 Archer Daniels Midland Company Improved process of making bioderived propylene glycol
JP7124075B2 (ja) 2017-11-09 2022-08-23 ブラスケム・エス・エー 発酵からケトン及びグリコールを回収する方法

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WO2016001169A1 (fr) 2014-06-30 2016-01-07 Haldor Topsøe A/S Procédé pour la préparation d'éthylène glycol à partir de sucres
WO2016001136A1 (fr) 2014-06-30 2016-01-07 Haldor Topsøe A/S Procédé pour la préparation d'éthylène glycol à partir de sucres
US10759726B2 (en) 2016-01-07 2020-09-01 Haldor Topsøe A/S Process for the preparation of ethylene glycol from sugars
US11384038B2 (en) 2016-01-07 2022-07-12 Haldor Topsøe A/S Process for the preparation of ethylene glycol from sugars
US9796948B2 (en) 2016-01-13 2017-10-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Laundry detergent compositions comprising renewable components
US10465145B2 (en) 2016-01-13 2019-11-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Laundry detergent compositions comprising renewable components
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CN115380018A (zh) * 2020-04-03 2022-11-22 芬欧汇川集团 回收单丙二醇

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US20140256991A1 (en) 2014-09-11
EP2686290B1 (fr) 2017-09-27
EP3153219B1 (fr) 2019-06-19
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US20150152031A1 (en) 2015-06-04
US9533930B2 (en) 2017-01-03
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EP2686290A2 (fr) 2014-01-22
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CN103402955A (zh) 2013-11-20
EP2686290A4 (fr) 2014-09-24

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