US20130136647A1 - Powder-metallurgical steel - Google Patents

Powder-metallurgical steel Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130136647A1
US20130136647A1 US13/666,164 US201213666164A US2013136647A1 US 20130136647 A1 US20130136647 A1 US 20130136647A1 US 201213666164 A US201213666164 A US 201213666164A US 2013136647 A1 US2013136647 A1 US 2013136647A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
steel
powder
raw mixture
binding agent
blank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/666,164
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English (en)
Inventor
Roland Alber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guehring KG
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Guehring KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US20130136647A1 publication Critical patent/US20130136647A1/en
Assigned to GUEHRING OHG reassignment GUEHRING OHG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALBER, ROLAND
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
    • B22F1/0059—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a powder-metallurgical steel, a raw mixture for producing a steel, a powder-metallurgical steel for producing a tool, and a steel.
  • cylindrical rods for manufacturing cutting tools are produced from HSS or HSS-E by rolling or drawing.
  • blanks can be made from hard metal or cermets using much simpler equipment and processes. Blanks can be produced from hard metal or cermets by extrusion and subsequent sintering. Pertinent manufacturing processes are known from example from U.S. Pat. No. 2,422,994, DE 36 01 385 A1, EP 465 946 A1, EP 1 017 527 B1, EP-A-0 340 495, EP-A-0 458 774, WO-A-92/22390 or US-A-4 779 440.
  • the advantage of the extrusion process is that continuous rods can be created thereby, which are favourable for producing drilling, milling, reaming or countersinking tools, because the raw material (green body) can already be formed into the desired cylindrical shape by processing in this way, which can serve as an ideal starting point for manufacturing drilling, milling, reaming or countersinking tools.
  • Extruding is also advantageous in that for example internal channels can be arranged inside the extruded rods during extrusion by simple expansions of the extruding nozzle. These inner channels may serve in the finished tool to transport coolants and/or lubricants through the interior of the tool to the cutting section of the tool.
  • One object is therefore to provide the capability to obtain rods for manufacturing tools from HSS or HSS-E more simply.
  • a further object is to provide a raw mixture with which such tools may be manufactured inexpensively.
  • the method according to the invention for producing a powder-metallurgical steel, particularly a tool steel such as HSS or HSS-E steel is characterised in that first steel powder having a predetermined microstructure is produced.
  • a plastically deformable raw mixture is produced by mixing the steel powder with a binding agent such as wax or paraffin, which raw material may directly undergo a preforming process—preferably based on suitable selection of the particle size and/or particle size distribution of the steel powder.
  • a binding agent such as wax or paraffin
  • the actual creation of the microstructure takes place during sintering of the blank, that is to say the steel particles, which are preferably as close to spherical in shape as possible to assist in the extrusion process, are fused and merge closely together, yielding an extremely dense, extremely strong steel component.
  • the microstructure inside the steel powder particles is substantially preserved, so that predictable material properties remain. It has been observed that the pressure that is generated during extrusion through a nozzle is sufficient to produce a blank constituted by a raw mixture of steel/bonding agent of sufficient density and strength following sintering process under approximately atmospheric pressure.
  • the microstructure may be further improved by implementing a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process in parallel with or subsequent to the extrusion.
  • HIP hot isostatic pressing
  • the steel powder undergoes processing to homogenize the geometry of the powder particles while and/or before it is mixed with the binding agent.
  • the original microstructure of the steel powder may be selected optimally, independently of the production process.
  • the material property of the manufactured steel may also be modified widely.
  • the blank undergoes a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process before, during or after sintering.
  • HIP hot isostatic pressing
  • the blank undergoes thermal treatment, such as a hardening process, to control the steel microstructure during the sintering process.
  • thermal treatment such as a hardening process
  • the plastically deformable mass is preferably extruded through an extrusion die with a nozzle to form a continuous rod, which is then cut to the necessary length without interruption.
  • the blanks may be manufactured very inexpensively.
  • a capability is provided for obtaining powder-metallurgical steel more easily.
  • steel in powder form is processed in similar manner to the process used for manufacturing hard metal, with the addition of a binding agent.
  • the powdered steel with the binding agent is then extruded and sintered.
  • a further aspect of the invention consists in the provision of a raw mixture for manufacturing a steel according to claim 12 .
  • a method is provided in which cobalt is also used as a binding metal.
  • a method in which pressing is carried out in an extrusion die with a nozzle, so that the raw mixture may be extruded to form a continuous rod.
  • a method in which at least sections of an interior channel are arranged for transporting coolant and/or lubricant during the extrusion process.
  • a method in which at least sections of the interior channel are constructed in the form of a coil or as straight sections.
  • a steel is provided wherein the steel may be manufactured from a raw mixture according to claim 6 .
  • powder-metallurgical steel may be manufactured more easily and inexpensively.
  • a high-alloy steel for example may also serve as the starter material.
  • the powder may also be ground by spray forming the steel melt.
  • the manufacture of a powder-metallurgical steel according the invention requires little production equipment and is therefore less expensive during manufacturing than the techniques of the prior art. It is also possible to achieve a higher rate of production than with the manufacturing processes according to the prior art when the method according to the invention is used to produce powder-metallurgical steel.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagram illustrating the steps of the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a nozzle for extruding a continuous powder-metallurgical rod.
  • powdered steel in the manufacture of powder-metallurgical steels.
  • This steel is typically a high-alloy steel which may contain for example 0.46% carbon and 13% chromium.
  • the powdered steel is compacted by repeated rolling.
  • the resulting blocks may be used to manufacture tools, for example.
  • Cooling channel may be provided by introducing drillholes into the partially compacted steel between the first rolling operations.
  • FIG. 1 shows the process workflow according to the invention for manufacturing a powder-metallurgical steel, particularly a tool steel, such as HSS or HSS-E steel.
  • steel powder is produced in a first process step, wherein the steel powder preferably has a previously selected microstructure, such as the microstructure of a high speed steel in the cast condition, or that of a high speed steel that has already been substantially structured.
  • the steel powder may undergo treatment to homogenize the geometry of the powder particles—in a ball mill for example. This removes edges of the powder particles and the particles are rendered essentially spherical, thereby making the subsequent preforming process easier.
  • the steel powder it is also possible and advantageous to subject the steel powder to a selection process before it is mixed, so that it has a predefined particle size and/or particle size distribution when it undergoes the mixing process.
  • the raw mixture obtained thereby is now preformed to produce a blank having a predetermined spatial form, preferably using an extrusion die to manufacture blanks having a structure with any degree of spatial complexity.
  • the binding agent is expelled at selected temperatures during the subsequent sintering step, or also in a prior work step. This is followed by the actual sintering operation, in which the final steel microstructure is produced.
  • the blank may undergo hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment before, during or after sintering. This optional method step is indicated with a dashed line in FIG. 1 .
  • HIP hot isostatic pressing
  • the blank may undergo thermal treatment, for example a hardening process, during the sintering process to control the steel microstructure.
  • thermal treatment for example a hardening process
  • the sintering system cycles through a predetermined, temporally controlled thermal profile at the end of which the steel has the desired microstructure quality.
  • the steel powder may also be obtained by grinding or crushing steel particles.
  • the blanks (green bodies) obtained in the form of a steel/bonding agent mixture in the extrusion step may thus be processed in similar manner to the production of hard metal or cermets.
  • Processing with an extrusion die, which may be equipped with a nozzle for extrusion, and the subsequent sintering operation enable a powder-metallurgical steel to be manufactured simply, rapidly and advantageously.
  • the output form as a continuous rod from the extrusion process is advantageous because the shape may already approximate the geometrical shape of a drilling, milling, countersinking or reaming tool.
  • Steel that exists in powdered form is thus treated and processed according to the invention, for example tungsten carbides as the starting material for manufacturing hard metal (with the addition of a binding agent such as cobalt).
  • internal channels may also be conformed in the extruded rod advantageously and simply, particularly the dimensions of which (diameter, circular or elliptical cross section) cannot be modified to the same degree by the subsequent processing operations, such as sintering, as may be the case in comparative terms with the processing method of the prior art, due to rolling, for example. Consequently, a higher degree of dimensional accuracy in the production of interior channels in powder-metallurgical steels may be assured.
  • FIG. 1 shows in exemplary manner a nozzle for extruding a continuous rod, wherein a raw mixture is compressed into the nozzle through an inlet aperture 103 , 104 that may have an annular surface area.
  • the raw mixture comprises powdered steel, wherein the steel may also be high alloy steel, and at least one additional binding agent, such as cobalt.
  • the raw mixture is merged in area 105 , wherein twisted interior channels 101 may be conformed in the compacted raw mixture, for example by continuously rotating rods 107 .
  • a continuous rod 106 with interior channels 101 may exit through nozzle 102 . If rods 107 do not rotate but are stationary, continuous rods 106 may be formed with straight interior channels.
  • extrusion nozzles or nozzles that are usable in such manner are known per se and are described for example in the documents U.S. Pat. No. 2,422,994, DE 36 01 385 A1, EP 465 946 A1, EP 1 017 527 B1, EP-A-0 340 495, EP-A-0 458 774, WO-A-92/22390 or US-A-4 779 440, the disclosed contents of which are explicitly included in the present application.
  • the invention thus provides a method for manufacturing a powder-metallurgical steel.
  • the method comprises the following steps: production of steel powder, preferably having a predetermined microstructure; mixing the steel powder with a binding agent to form a plastically deformable raw mixture; performing the raw mixture to form a blank having a predefined spatial form; and sintering the blank.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
US13/666,164 2010-05-05 2012-11-01 Powder-metallurgical steel Abandoned US20130136647A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010019599A DE102010019599A1 (de) 2010-05-05 2010-05-05 Pulvermetallurgischer Stahl
DE102010019599.5 2010-05-05
PCT/EP2011/057257 WO2011138422A2 (de) 2010-05-05 2011-05-05 Pulvermetallurgischer stahl

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2011/057257 Continuation WO2011138422A2 (de) 2010-05-05 2011-05-05 Pulvermetallurgischer stahl

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20130136647A1 true US20130136647A1 (en) 2013-05-30

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/666,164 Abandoned US20130136647A1 (en) 2010-05-05 2012-11-01 Powder-metallurgical steel

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20130136647A1 (enExample)
EP (1) EP2566640A2 (enExample)
JP (1) JP5940058B2 (enExample)
KR (1) KR20130124152A (enExample)
DE (1) DE102010019599A1 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2011138422A2 (enExample)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104972127A (zh) * 2015-07-02 2015-10-14 东睦新材料集团股份有限公司 一种粉末冶金打击块的制备方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH055104A (ja) * 1991-06-25 1993-01-14 Daido Steel Co Ltd 高速度鋼合金粉末の押出し成形体とその焼結品

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2422994A (en) 1944-01-03 1947-06-24 Carboloy Company Inc Twist drill
JPS61223102A (ja) * 1985-03-29 1986-10-03 Hitachi Metals Ltd 中空孔を有する焼結鋼部材の製造方法
DE3600681A1 (de) 1985-10-31 1987-05-07 Krupp Gmbh Hartmetall- oder keramikbohrerrohling sowie verfahren und strangpresswerkzeug zu seiner herstellung
DE3601385A1 (de) 1986-01-18 1987-07-23 Krupp Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung von sinterkoerpern mit inneren kanaelen, strangpresswerkzeug zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens und bohrwerkzeug
DE3814687A1 (de) 1988-04-30 1989-11-09 Krupp Widia Gmbh Strangpresswerkzeug
JPH0317203A (ja) * 1989-06-15 1991-01-25 Kawasaki Steel Corp 粉末冶金製品の製造方法
AT398286B (de) * 1990-05-22 1994-11-25 Boehlerit Gmbh & Co Kg Hartmetall- oder keramikrohling sowie verfahren und werkzeug zur herstellung desselben
DE4120165C2 (de) * 1990-07-05 1995-01-26 Friedrichs Konrad Kg Strangpreßwerkzeug zur Herstellung eines Hartmetall- oder Keramikstabes
JPH04235203A (ja) * 1991-01-08 1992-08-24 Hitachi Metals Ltd エジェクタスリーブの製造方法
DE4120166C2 (de) 1991-06-19 1994-10-06 Friedrichs Konrad Kg Strangpreßwerkzeug zur Herstellung eines Hartmetall- oder Keramikstabes mit gedrallten Innenbohrungen
DE19644447C2 (de) 1996-10-25 2001-10-18 Friedrichs Konrad Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Extrusion von mit einem wendelförmigen Innenkanal ausgestatteten Stäben aus plastischem Rohmaterial

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH055104A (ja) * 1991-06-25 1993-01-14 Daido Steel Co Ltd 高速度鋼合金粉末の押出し成形体とその焼結品

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104972127A (zh) * 2015-07-02 2015-10-14 东睦新材料集团股份有限公司 一种粉末冶金打击块的制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2013528705A (ja) 2013-07-11
WO2011138422A3 (de) 2012-03-15
EP2566640A2 (de) 2013-03-13
JP5940058B2 (ja) 2016-06-29
DE102010019599A1 (de) 2011-11-10
WO2011138422A2 (de) 2011-11-10
KR20130124152A (ko) 2013-11-13

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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALBER, ROLAND;REEL/FRAME:031044/0771

Effective date: 20130717

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

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