US20120177445A1 - Steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures - Google Patents

Steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120177445A1
US20120177445A1 US13/347,009 US201213347009A US2012177445A1 US 20120177445 A1 US20120177445 A1 US 20120177445A1 US 201213347009 A US201213347009 A US 201213347009A US 2012177445 A1 US2012177445 A1 US 2012177445A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
pipe
water
pipe piles
zone
material thickness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/347,009
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English (en)
Inventor
Roberto Redondo Wendt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sheet Pile LLC
Original Assignee
PilePro LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by PilePro LLC filed Critical PilePro LLC
Priority to US13/347,009 priority Critical patent/US20120177445A1/en
Assigned to PILEPRO, LLC reassignment PILEPRO, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WENDT, ROBERTO REDONDO
Publication of US20120177445A1 publication Critical patent/US20120177445A1/en
Priority to US15/485,799 priority patent/US20170218589A1/en
Assigned to Sheet Pile LLC reassignment Sheet Pile LLC NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PILEPRO LLC
Assigned to Sheet Pile LLC reassignment Sheet Pile LLC CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNMENT OF U.S. PATENT APPLICATION NO. 29503724 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 059248 FRAME: 0783. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT. Assignors: PILEPRO LLC
Assigned to Sheet Pile LLC reassignment Sheet Pile LLC CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNMENT OF U.S. PATENT APPLICATION NO. 29503754 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 059248 FRAME: 0783. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT. Assignors: PILEPRO LLC
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
    • E02D5/28—Prefabricated piles made of steel or other metals
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/02—Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
    • E02D5/03—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles
    • E02D5/04—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles made of steel
    • E02D5/08—Locking forms; Edge joints; Pile crossings; Branch pieces
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/02—Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
    • E02D5/16—Auxiliary devices rigidly or detachably arranged on sheet piles for facilitating assembly
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
    • E02D5/28—Prefabricated piles made of steel or other metals
    • E02D5/285—Prefabricated piles made of steel or other metals tubular, e.g. prefabricated from sheet pile elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
    • E02D2300/0018—Cement used as binder
    • E02D2300/002—Concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0026—Metals
    • E02D2300/0029—Steel; Iron
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement in pipe piles—and especially, steel pipe piles—which are adapted to be driven into the earth for use as a structural element in a foundation or in a wall. More particularly, the present invention relates to metal pipe piles, for use in a foundation or wall, which are subject to corrosion by the elements.
  • FIG. 1 shows a retaining wall 10 , formed of a row of steel pipe piles for example, which holds back the earth 12 on the edge of the sea 14 .
  • an earth anchor 16 provides horizontal support for the pipe piles against lateral forces exerted by the earth side 12 . With such an anchor in place, the pipe piles are subject to a bending moment with a distribution, along their length, as shown by the graph 18 .
  • the outer surface of the pipe piles corrodes away at a prescribed rate, thus decreasing the wall thickness of a pipe pile.
  • rusting speed rusting rate in mm/year.
  • Investigations of steel sheet piling with differing service lives indicate that the rusting speed decreases in time resulting from the formation of a cover layer, unless this cover layer is constantly eroded away by mechanical or chemical action. Accordingly, when rating the decrease in thickness or rusting speed, the design period or “service life”, respectively, of the sheet pile member must also be stated.
  • steel piling durability concerns are minimal simply because steel piling is usually over-designed, due to the use of a relatively high safety factor with steel as compared to concrete. This inherent factor obviously takes the natural and inevitable aspect of corrosion into account.
  • salt water applications or, in some cases involving polluted waters or polluted soils
  • the area of most concern is the low water zone because it is closest to the area of highest stress.
  • the exposed steel surfaces be coated (and/or be subjected to “cathodic protection”) down to 1.5 meters to 2.5 meters below the mean low water so that the critical low water zone is protected.
  • the European Pre-standard promulgated as “Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures—Part 5: Piling” (BS ENV 1993-5: 1997 and BS ENV 1993-5: 2007) provides tables for the expected loss of thickness due to corrosion for steel pipe piles and steel sheet piles in fresh water and in sea water for temperate climates. For example, in sea water and in the zones of high corrosion rate, it is expected that 7.5 mm of steel will be lost from the steel surface over a period of 100 years.
  • this amount of loss can be delayed by up to 20 years by coating the steel surface with paint or epoxy, particularly in the regions that are most vulnerable to corrosion.
  • the application of such a protective coating also allows the design engineer to specify a thinner wall thickness for the pipe or sheet piling than would otherwise be required, resulting in a cost saving in the total amount of steel.
  • a pipe pile which comprises a substantially cylindrical, and preferably steel, pipe body extending longitudinally between two opposite ends, the pipe body being formed of a plurality of pipe sections, interlocked or welded together end to end, arranged on a common central longitudinal axis between the two ends. All of the pipe sections have substantially the same outside diameter; however, two or more pipe sections have differing inside diameters, and thus a differing wall thickness, between the two ends of the pipe pile.
  • This structure allows a design engineer to specify the material wall thickness of the pipe piles approximately in accordance with the expected rate of corrosion over the service life of the project, with certain ones of the pipe sections of the pipe piles having a greater wall thickness than other pipe sections.
  • FIG. 1 is a representational diagram of a pipe pile retaining wall with accompanying graphs showing the approximate rate of corrosion and a typical bending moment distribution along the length of the pipe piles.
  • FIG. 2 is an illustration of a row of pipe piles of the type to which the present invention relates.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view showing two pipe piles linked together by male and female connecting elements, welded to the exterior pipe pile surfaces.
  • FIG. 4 is a detailed plan view of the male and female connecting elements shown in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 is a detailed plan view showing another embodiment of male and female connecting elements that may be used to connect pipe piles.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of two pipe piles linked by two Z-shaped sheet piles.
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view of two pipe piles linked by a U-shaped sheet pile.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a retaining wall (not to scale) of the type to which the present invention relates.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a pier (not to scale) of the type to which the present invention relates.
  • FIG. 10 a is a cross-sectional view (not to scale) showing a single pipe pile comprised of three sections, welded together end-to-end along a common longitudinal axis, with each section having the same outer diameter but a differing internal diameter.
  • FIG. 10 b is a lateral cross-sectional view (not to scale) of each pipe pile section of FIG. 10 a.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional, detailed view (not to scale) of the abutting ends of two pipe piles of differing wall thickness, welded together along their seam.
  • FIG. 1 shows a retaining wall 10 formed of steel pile piles which retains and separates the earth 12 , on one side, from the sea 14 on the other.
  • the pipe piles in this wall are subjected to continuous stress and to the continuous effects of corrosion due to the action of air and water.
  • FIG. 2 shows such a series of pipe piles 32 , arranged along a horizontal line 33 and connected together by intermediate connecting elements 34 , which are affixed to the external, curved surfaces of the piles by welding.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates how two such pipe piles 32 are joined by such connecting elements 34 , the details of which are presented in FIG. 4 .
  • a “male” connecting element 36 is welded to one side of each pipe 32 and a “female” connecting element 38 is welded to the opposite side, over the entire length (or nearly the entire length) of the pipe.
  • the pipes are then driven into the earth, one at a time, with the male connecting element 36 , welded to one pipe, inserted in and interlocked with the female connecting element 38 that is welded to the next, adjacent pipe.
  • FIG. 5 shows another type of connecting element 40 that may be used between adjacent pipes 32 to connect the pipes closely together.
  • This connecting element which is similar to the connecting elements described in detail in the U.S. Pat. No. 7,168,214, comprises a short male element 42 with an interlocking head strip 44 and a female element formed by a claw 46 .
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 each show two pipe piles 32 , also arranged side by side and longitudinally in parallel, which are separated by sheet piles instead of connectors only.
  • the adjacent pipe piles are connected together by two Z-shaped sheet piles 50 and 52 ; in FIG. 7 the pipe piles are connected by an intervening U-shaped sheet pile 54 .
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional side view of a pipe pile 32 , one of many in a seaside retaining wall 60 .
  • the wall supports the earth 62 , on one side, from eroding and falling into to the sea 64 , on the other.
  • the pipes of the wall, represented by pipe 32 pass through the sandy earth 66 beneath the sea floor and are preferably of sufficient length to reach the bedrock 68 below.
  • the wall of pipes is constructed considerably higher so as to protect against storms and other contingencies.
  • the pipes are transported to the construction site in convenient (e.g. 20 foot) lengths and welded end-to-end when they are installed.
  • the pipe sections can either be rammed, section by section, and welded together during the ramming process, or they can be welded first, end to end, and rammed as a single lengthy unit.
  • the useful life of a pipe pile and sheet pile wall depends entirely upon the rate of corrosion of the material (e.g., steel) caused by the elements, particularly the exposure to water and/or air.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram, similar to FIG. 8 , which shows the use of steel pipe piles 32 to support an ocean pier 76 . Like FIG. 8 , this diagram shows an intertidal zone 70 and a splash zone 72 . As compared to the pipes of the retaining wall of FIG. 8 , the steel pipe piles 32 are subjected to a substantially less bending moment. However, they are subjected to corrosion, especially in the splash zone, intertidal zone, low water zone and permanent immersion zone, as explained above in connection with FIG. 1 .
  • FIGS. 10 a and 10 b the pipe piles 32 of FIGS. 8 and 9 are of differing wall thickness at different places along their length, so as to take into consideration the differing rates of corrosion during their useful life.
  • FIG. 10 a shows a length of pipe 32 in three sections: a lower section 86 (intended to remain continuously beneath the water level); a middle section 88 (intended for location in the tide zone and splash zone of the wall) and an upper section 90 (intended to remain continuously in the open air).
  • the pipe in section 88 which corrodes at a much faster rate, has a considerably thicker wall than the pipe in sections 86 and 90 .
  • the pipe section 86 which must withstand a greater bending stress, has a somewhat greater wall thickness than the pipe section 90 .
  • FIG. 11 shows in detail the welded seam between the pipe sections 86 and 88 .
  • the ends of the pipe sections are chamfered at an angle of about 30 to 35°, leaving a “land” of at least 1/16 inches to make abutting contact with the adjacent section.
  • the weld material 96 fills the space afforded by the chamfer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
US13/347,009 2011-01-11 2012-01-10 Steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures Abandoned US20120177445A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/347,009 US20120177445A1 (en) 2011-01-11 2012-01-10 Steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures
US15/485,799 US20170218589A1 (en) 2011-01-11 2017-04-12 Steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161431491P 2011-01-11 2011-01-11
US13/347,009 US20120177445A1 (en) 2011-01-11 2012-01-10 Steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures

Related Child Applications (1)

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US15/485,799 Continuation US20170218589A1 (en) 2011-01-11 2017-04-12 Steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures

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US15/485,799 Abandoned US20170218589A1 (en) 2011-01-11 2017-04-12 Steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures

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US (2) US20120177445A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2014506966A (fr)
AU (1) AU2011354695A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112013017716A2 (fr)
SG (1) SG191848A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012096679A1 (fr)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140270963A1 (en) * 2011-08-25 2014-09-18 Pilepro Llc Pile arrangement for wave barriers and methods
JP2015132059A (ja) * 2014-01-10 2015-07-23 前田建設工業株式会社 鋼管矢板の継手構造
JP2016044502A (ja) * 2014-08-26 2016-04-04 新日鐵住金株式会社 鋼管矢板の継手構造
CN106677205A (zh) * 2016-11-11 2017-05-17 重庆大学 一种装配式异形钢管桩组合挡土墙
USD837043S1 (en) * 2017-12-12 2019-01-01 Jens Rehhahn Sheet pile
USD837042S1 (en) * 2017-12-12 2019-01-01 Jens Rehhahn Sheet pile
US10794031B2 (en) * 2016-02-29 2020-10-06 Innogy Se Foundation pile for a wind turbine and methods for manufacturing a foundation pile
US11053655B2 (en) * 2013-09-03 2021-07-06 Lawrence S. Maxwell Modular grid foundation
USD925069S1 (en) * 2020-02-05 2021-07-13 Sheet Pile LLC Combined cylindrical pile, sheet pile and connecting element
USD925776S1 (en) * 2020-02-05 2021-07-20 Sheet Pile LLC Cylindrical pile with connecting elements
US11274411B2 (en) * 2018-07-10 2022-03-15 Edelman Projects Pty Ltd Wall protection assembly
US20220325492A1 (en) * 2021-01-29 2022-10-13 Littoral Power Systems, Inc. Prefabricated, modular hydropower foundation system for soil conditions
US20230018574A1 (en) * 2021-07-13 2023-01-19 Pepsy M. Kettavong Interlocking modular smart seawall diversion and recreation system and method of installation
US20230040756A1 (en) * 2021-08-05 2023-02-09 Arthur Hagar Thompson, III Resilient waterfront platform
CN115852895A (zh) * 2022-12-30 2023-03-28 广东樵盛建设工程有限公司 生态挡墙护岸
USD982423S1 (en) * 2019-08-14 2023-04-04 Roberto Redondo Wendt Connector
US11702814B1 (en) * 2022-06-14 2023-07-18 Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Stone column foundation system for collapsible soils

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FI20155699A (fi) 2015-10-06 2017-04-07 Robit Oyj Putkimainen paalu paaluseinää varten, järjestely putkimaisen paalun poraamiseksi, paaluseinä sekä menetelmä paaluseinän muodostamiseksi
CN109590744B (zh) * 2019-01-18 2019-11-01 中交第三航务工程局有限公司 一种海上风电基础钢管桩的焊接工艺

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US2847375A (en) * 1953-07-13 1958-08-12 Texas Co Apparatus for corrosion prevention
US3382680A (en) * 1965-09-21 1968-05-14 Nippon Concrete Ind Co Ltd Prestressed concrete pile sections
US4124123A (en) * 1975-11-12 1978-11-07 The Triax Company Storage framework and method
US4211503A (en) * 1978-11-13 1980-07-08 Conoco, Inc. Bimetallic corrosion resistant structural joint and method of making same
US4585374A (en) * 1979-08-16 1986-04-29 Jet Research Center Inc. High energy formed connections
JPS5655625A (en) * 1979-10-12 1981-05-16 Kawasaki Steel Corp Underwater pile with corrosion-resistant coat
JPS58160431A (ja) * 1983-02-02 1983-09-22 Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd 鋼管コンクリ−ト複合パイル
US4743142A (en) * 1984-07-19 1988-05-10 Nippon Steel Corporation Precoated corrosion-resistant steel pipe piles for marine use, and structure thereof
GB2177744A (en) * 1985-07-15 1987-01-28 Pmb Systems Eng Ltd Compliant tower
US5288174A (en) * 1989-07-14 1994-02-22 Offshore Innovation Limited A/S Jackable oil rigs and corner columns for producing legs in an oil rig
US8157481B1 (en) * 1994-05-02 2012-04-17 Shell Oil Company Method for templateless foundation installation
US6443664B1 (en) * 1998-07-31 2002-09-03 Corus Uk Limited Metal sheet piling
US20030082012A1 (en) * 2000-05-09 2003-05-01 Gordon Clark Method and apparatus for forming foundations
US20080209848A1 (en) * 2003-02-05 2008-09-04 Dwight Eric Kinzer Method of constructing a modular load-bearing structural column
US20090123237A1 (en) * 2005-08-09 2009-05-14 Richard Heindl Arrangement of sheet-pile components
US20070092343A1 (en) * 2005-10-19 2007-04-26 Cargill Kevin W Micropile Retaining Wall

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140270963A1 (en) * 2011-08-25 2014-09-18 Pilepro Llc Pile arrangement for wave barriers and methods
US11053655B2 (en) * 2013-09-03 2021-07-06 Lawrence S. Maxwell Modular grid foundation
JP2015132059A (ja) * 2014-01-10 2015-07-23 前田建設工業株式会社 鋼管矢板の継手構造
JP2016044502A (ja) * 2014-08-26 2016-04-04 新日鐵住金株式会社 鋼管矢板の継手構造
US10794031B2 (en) * 2016-02-29 2020-10-06 Innogy Se Foundation pile for a wind turbine and methods for manufacturing a foundation pile
CN106677205A (zh) * 2016-11-11 2017-05-17 重庆大学 一种装配式异形钢管桩组合挡土墙
USD837043S1 (en) * 2017-12-12 2019-01-01 Jens Rehhahn Sheet pile
USD837042S1 (en) * 2017-12-12 2019-01-01 Jens Rehhahn Sheet pile
US11274411B2 (en) * 2018-07-10 2022-03-15 Edelman Projects Pty Ltd Wall protection assembly
USD982423S1 (en) * 2019-08-14 2023-04-04 Roberto Redondo Wendt Connector
USD925069S1 (en) * 2020-02-05 2021-07-13 Sheet Pile LLC Combined cylindrical pile, sheet pile and connecting element
USD925776S1 (en) * 2020-02-05 2021-07-20 Sheet Pile LLC Cylindrical pile with connecting elements
US20220325492A1 (en) * 2021-01-29 2022-10-13 Littoral Power Systems, Inc. Prefabricated, modular hydropower foundation system for soil conditions
US20230018574A1 (en) * 2021-07-13 2023-01-19 Pepsy M. Kettavong Interlocking modular smart seawall diversion and recreation system and method of installation
US11603636B2 (en) * 2021-07-13 2023-03-14 Pepsy M. Kettavong Interlocking modular smart seawall diversion and recreation system and method of installation
US20230040756A1 (en) * 2021-08-05 2023-02-09 Arthur Hagar Thompson, III Resilient waterfront platform
US11655603B2 (en) * 2021-08-05 2023-05-23 Arthur Hagar Thompson, III Resilient waterfront platform
US11702814B1 (en) * 2022-06-14 2023-07-18 Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Stone column foundation system for collapsible soils
CN115852895A (zh) * 2022-12-30 2023-03-28 广东樵盛建设工程有限公司 生态挡墙护岸

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US20170218589A1 (en) 2017-08-03
JP2014506966A (ja) 2014-03-20
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SG191848A1 (en) 2013-08-30
AU2011354695A1 (en) 2013-03-21

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