US20120108148A1 - Method of Modifying Flat Glass Surface and Apparatus for Carrying Out the Method - Google Patents

Method of Modifying Flat Glass Surface and Apparatus for Carrying Out the Method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120108148A1
US20120108148A1 US13/225,795 US201113225795A US2012108148A1 US 20120108148 A1 US20120108148 A1 US 20120108148A1 US 201113225795 A US201113225795 A US 201113225795A US 2012108148 A1 US2012108148 A1 US 2012108148A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
glass
modifying
flat glass
abrasive
abrasive grains
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Abandoned
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US13/225,795
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English (en)
Inventor
Vlastimil Capka
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Individual
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Individual
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Assigned to ING. ZBYSEK PANCHARTEK reassignment ING. ZBYSEK PANCHARTEK ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CAPKA, VLASTIMIL
Publication of US20120108148A1 publication Critical patent/US20120108148A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B7/20—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
    • B24B7/22—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
    • B24B7/24—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain for grinding or polishing glass
    • B24B7/242—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain for grinding or polishing glass for plate glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B29/00—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents
    • B24B29/005—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents using brushes

Definitions

  • the invention solves the problem of manufacturing a flat glass surface to a different degree of opacity or modifying a sandblasted glass surface with the goal of preserving easy-cleaning qualities.
  • the invention also specifies the apparatus for carrying out the method needed for such modification.
  • the known techniques of tarnishing flat glass can be categorized as either physical or chemical.
  • the techniques called sandblasting are common.
  • Abrasive material is sped up by a stream of air under pressure and it is hurled perpendicular to the surface of the glass. During the collision with the glass surface, the abrasive grain cuts the surface of the glass in the place of collision.
  • abrasive grain tarnishes the glass by the combination of breaking up, coring and smashing of the surface layer. Used abrasive grains falls into a filling funnel and is used further. Fine-grained glass dust and a part of broken up abrasive grains are vacuumed from the place of sandblasting. Most common material from which abrasive grains are made is either corundum /Al203/ or silicon monoxide /SiO/ in granularity of 60 to 180 Meshes. The visual and functional properties of the sandblasted surface depend mostly on the size of abrasive grain used, the speed and the angle under which the grain collides and the shape of the grain.
  • a glass surface sandblasted with brown corundum in granularity of 90 Meshes contains a lot of surface splits and deep cracks that run perpendicular to the glass surface, therefore in the direction of collision of the grain with the surface.
  • the surface of the glass is sharp, fragile, crumbly and filled with particles of broken up glass and sandblasting material.
  • the surface quality is low.
  • the surface splits make it a large absorbent surface with a tendency to absorb moisture, grease and form stains impossible to clean.
  • the fragile surface is prone to physical damage which leads to marks on the glass that are impossible to get rid of.
  • Sandblasting removes the surface layer of the glass into depth of one hundredth to one tenth of a millimeter.
  • the depth of the surface splits and so the weakening of the glass depends on the size of abrasive grain used and the pressure of the air. These surface splits can complicate tempering of the glass.
  • the energetic efficiency of sandblasted glass is low.
  • the method of chemical tarnishing uses hydrofluoric acid to react with different components of the molten glass to produce many fluorides and fluorosilicates. Insoluble and less soluble salts crystallize on the glass surface. The crystals make up a very even and fragile structure on the glass surface, which gives the glass a matt look through dispersion of light.
  • the surface of a chemically tarnished glass has no splits in it. It is easy to clean.
  • the surface structure is softer than the bottom glass and is very prone to mechanical damage.
  • the disadvantage of chemical tarnishing is that very aggressive and dangerous compounds are used during the process.
  • the disadvantages above are eliminated by modifying the glass surface as described by the invention, which means tarnishing the glass surface with abrasive grains of synthetic diamond situated in the mass of plastic threads of a rotating brush while the glass surface is cooled down and washed through with water.
  • the shiny side of a smooth glass plate is first tarnished using rougher abrasive grains of synthetic diamond situated in the mass of plastic threads of a rotating brush and this surface is then tarnished and polished using abrasive grains of smaller granularity situated in a mass of plastic threads of a rotating brush.
  • Another possibility is to modify the sandblasted glass surface with abrasive grains of synthetic diamond situated in a mass of plastic threads of a rotating brush.
  • the gist of the apparatus used to modify a flat glass surface is that it is made up of at least one rotating brush that is bedded in static or moveable disposition above the glass plate which is to be modified.
  • the rotating brush has abrasive plastic threads with abrasive grains of synthetic diamond. Further, the rotating brush is situated either in a portal cart or in a brushing mill. Also, the gist of the invention is that there are abrasive grains of synthetic diamond with either same or different granularity in the plastic threads.
  • the glass plate can be attached by a suction cup or it can be placed on a moving belt.
  • Clam-shaped splits are shallow and more or less in the parallel direction to the surface. The areas between them are flat and covered with an even network of smooth marks made by the brush. This texture due to the dispersion of light gives the glass surface an evenly matt, orientated and silkily shiny look.
  • the surface of the glass is hard and not crumbly.
  • the surface hardness of the brushed glass is the same as the hardness of the base material. This is a big difference from the cauterized glass, where the surface layer is softer than the base layer.
  • the hard surface enables the use of any regular glue. Since the splits from brushing are shallow and smooth and the glass is not damaged much, it is possible to brush it further even before or after heat tempering.
  • this surface structure facilitates a great dispersion of light, it is minimally absorbent in the context of liquids. This means that this matt glass is very easy to clean. This is a very important feature when the matt glass is used in the interiors and exteriors. It is even possible to brush glass footage or glassware before it is finished. It is possible to brush glass that is three or more millimeters thick. When brushing a sandblasted glass surface, it is possible to make partially matt and partially clear surfaces using covering foils or to make different shades of matt glass. This way it is possible to create replicas of historical ornaments or use the glass for different art solutions.
  • the clear brushed glass is much better quality. It is less disturbed and the splits are shallower, the glass is smoother, has a less absorbent surface, is easier to clean and is made on one machine in an energetically favourable process.
  • the manufacturing of matt glass by brushing is a good alternative to the industrial process of cauterizing glass.
  • the brushing technology is very energetically favourable, ecological and quiet, does not produce dust and does not produce much waste.
  • the machinery does not use aggressive and toxic materials, does not have disturbing impacts, can be a part of a production line or work separately in almost any kind of plant.
  • FIG. 1 photo 1000 ⁇ zoomed in of a clear, brushed, matt float glass of 4 mm thickness with a single granularity of the brush
  • FIG. 2 photo 1000 ⁇ zoomed in of a clear, brushed, matt float glass of 4 mm thickness with two different granularities of the brush
  • FIG. 3 photo 1000 ⁇ zoomed in of a clear, brushed, matt glass of 4 mm thickness which was already sandblasted and then tarnished by brushing
  • FIG. 4 the scheme of the apparatus for manufacturing the brushed glass with the moveable brush device
  • FIG. 5 the detail of the brush device
  • FIG. 6 the detail of the brush with the directions of the movement
  • FIG. 7 the scheme of the apparatus for manufacturing the brushed glass with the moveable glass plate
  • the tarnishing of glass works in two steps.
  • the first step is roughing i.e. eroding the hard smooth surface layer of the glass by the means of brushing.
  • the second step is polishing of this layer to a needed quality of roughness and transparency of the surface which is also done by brushing.
  • the brushing of the glass works by means of a rotational brush that has plastic threads in which abrasive grains of synthetic diamond are situated.
  • the threads on the brush are radially oriented to the axis of rotation.
  • the surface of the glass is cooled down and washed over with water. The centrifugal force stretches the plastic threads perpendicularly to the axis of rotation.
  • the abrasive grains in the threads of the brush move circularly towards the tangent plane of the glass. As the rotating brush is moved closer to the glass surface, the abrasive grain collides with the glass surface and move over it in short straight line.
  • the kinetic energy of the abrasive grain has to be large enough for the abrasive grain to be able to erode the surface layer of the glass. The amount of this energy is given as the product of the mass of the abrasive grain and the mass of the plastic thread multiplied by the circumference speed of the thread at the place where the abrasive grain touches the glass.
  • splits have the maximum depth of 0.005 mm and length of 0.02 mm.
  • the thickness of the removed material is in thousandths of a millimeter.
  • Other grains do some tarnishing and leave a network of small parallel slits aligned with the surface.
  • the surface layer is eroded, removing of more material gets faster.
  • FIG. 1 there is the 1000 ⁇ magnified photo of the surface of a clear glass type “float” with thickness of 4 mm which was tarnished by brushing.
  • the synthetic diamond used in the brush had granularity 80 Meshes and the concentration of the abrasive grains in the mass of plastic threads was 24%.
  • the thread had 0.2 mm in diameter.
  • the dense network of small surface slits is clearly visible on the photo.
  • the quality of this surface modification depends on the granularity of the abrasive grains used.
  • FIG. 2 shows the photo of a 1000 ⁇ zoomed in surface of a clear glass type “float” with thickness of 4 mm that was tarnished by brushing.
  • a synthetic diamond of granularity 80 Meshes having the 24% concentration of the abrasive grains in the mass of plastic threads.
  • a synthetic diamond of granularity 300 Meshes having the 24% concentration of the abrasive grains in the mass of plastic threads. All threads had 0.2 mm in diameter.
  • the method of modifying glass that was already sandblasted is similar.
  • a rotating brush with abrasive grain made of synthetic diamond bedded in the mass of threads brushes the surface of the sandblasted glass.
  • By brushing the sandblasted glass with an abrasive brush most surface defects and fragile parts are removed.
  • the deepest craters made by the roughest fraction of the corundum used for sandblasting are the most noticeable.
  • the surface slits made by brushing are evenly laid out and significantly shallower than these made by sandblasting.
  • the covering foils When brushing the sandblasted glass, the hard, smooth glass surface layer is already eroded and therefore the energy needed to modify the surface is lower and it is possible to use lower circumference speed of the brush. This possibility is enabled by using the covering foils.
  • the abrasive thread works on the fragile sandblasted areas, but the covering foil remains intact due to its elasticity and protects the areas bellow it. By this method it is possible to create clear and matt parts of the surface or even create different degrees of transparency depending on the intensity of the brushing.
  • the apparatus for modifying glass surfaces can be vertical or horizontal ( FIG. 4 ).
  • Both brushes have abrasive grains of synthetic diamond situated in the abrasive threads 3 .
  • Both brushes are connected by cogged belts to the shaft of the electric motor 2 , and they therefore rotate simultaneously ( FIG. 5 ).
  • the portal cart 4 moves with the brushes horizontally x and vertically y in controlled speed.
  • the portal cart 4 also has an inlet 1 of water and on the bottom of the frame 8 there is a collecting tank 7 .
  • the gritting brush 10 is the first to move and it removes the hard, smooth surface layer and then the polishing brush 9 follows to polish the glass. After every single path over the glass, the cart 4 with brushes 9 and 10 moves to the area of the glass plate 5 that haven't been brushed yet. The process ends when the whole plate has been brushed over. Water is fed to the areas that were brushed and flows over the glass into the collecting tank 7 , from which it is reused .
  • the glass surface with only one brush.
  • the brush is the same as in the last case except for the abrasive threads.
  • the first half of the brush has gritting threads. This means a thread with a synthetic diamond of granularity for example 80 Meshes and concentration in the mass of threads is 24%.
  • the second half of the brush has polishing threads on it. This means threads with synthetic diamond of granularity for example 180 Meshes and concentration in the mass of threads is 24%.
  • the brush is moved on clear glass first with the gritting part to remove the outer layer of the glass. Right after the polishing part of the brush polishes these gritted areas. The final result and quality then depends on the ratio of these two parts of the brush just like it does on the granularity of the abrasive grains in the polishing part of the brush.
  • the brushes 9 , 10 are of the same width as the glass plate 5 , and are statically situated in the brushing mill 12 ( FIG. 7 ) and a moveable glass plate 5 is bedded on the moving belt 11 .
  • This setting can also work the other way which means that the brushing mill 12 moves with the brushes and the glass plate 5 is static.
  • the apparatus works in the way that the gritting brush 10 starts working and then the polishing brush 9 follows.
  • the usual granularity of the abrasive grains glass is between 60 to 90 Meshes for roughing, for polishing the granularity between 300 to 1500 Meshes is used in the concentration of 24%.
  • the thread is curly.
  • the thread is 60 mm long with diameter of 0.2 mm.
  • the suitable circumference speed of the disk for brushing clear glass is 20 m/s or more, it is less for sandblasted glass.
  • the disk is moved over the surface of the glass perpendicular to the axis of rotation with the speed between 0.2 to 1.5 m/min.
  • the cooling water in combination with the mechanical work of the brushing threads cleans the surface of the glass from the fine dust that is created in the process. Due to the plastic properties of the threads, they hardly grind and do not soil the surface in any kind of noticeable way.
  • the machinery for brushing glass can be made in graduated sizes, depending on the need and formats of the modified glass plates. Matt glass is nowadays very commonly used in architecture, construction industry and furniture industry.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
US13/225,795 2010-09-10 2011-09-06 Method of Modifying Flat Glass Surface and Apparatus for Carrying Out the Method Abandoned US20120108148A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZPV2010-682 2010-09-10
CZ20100682A CZ302636B6 (cs) 2010-09-10 2010-09-10 Zpusob úpravy povrchu plochého skla a zarízení k provádení tohoto zpusobu

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Publication Number Publication Date
US20120108148A1 true US20120108148A1 (en) 2012-05-03

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US (1) US20120108148A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2436480A3 (de)
JP (2) JP2012101346A (de)
CA (1) CA2751931A1 (de)
CZ (1) CZ302636B6 (de)
RU (1) RU2011138368A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114406904A (zh) * 2021-12-24 2022-04-29 浙江光锐科技有限公司 一种玻璃制品表面磨砂装置及磨砂加工方法
US20230144445A1 (en) * 2019-05-03 2023-05-11 Hymmen GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Method for producing a structure on a surface
USD997480S1 (en) * 2020-06-29 2023-08-29 Clear Consumer Products Group, LLC Glassware polishing system

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103476719A (zh) * 2011-04-14 2013-12-25 康宁公司 用于在薄玻璃基板上机械式形成裂缝生成瑕疵的方法
ITTV20130168A1 (it) * 2013-10-17 2015-04-18 Forel Spa Macchina automatica e procedimento automatico per la rimozione localizzata dei rivestimenti depositati sulle lastre di vetro.

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DD32963A (de) *
JPS63310918A (ja) * 1987-06-11 1988-12-19 Nippon Steel Corp 方向性電磁鋼板のグラス皮膜特性および鉄損特性改善装置
TW307801B (de) * 1992-03-19 1997-06-11 Minnesota Mining & Mfg
WO1995014552A1 (fr) * 1993-11-26 1995-06-01 Battelle Memorial Institute Procede de matage de verre
JPH1148122A (ja) * 1997-08-04 1999-02-23 Hitachi Ltd 化学的機械研磨装置およびこれを用いた半導体集積回路装置の製造方法
JP2001062727A (ja) * 1999-08-26 2001-03-13 Ishizuka Glass Co Ltd フロストガラス製品の製造法
JP2002254288A (ja) * 2001-02-27 2002-09-10 Nippei Toyama Corp 仕上加工装置および仕上加工方法
AU2002335254A1 (en) * 2002-10-11 2004-05-04 Bando Kiko Co., Ltd. Glass pane machining device
DE10351043B4 (de) * 2003-10-31 2008-04-17 Wandres Gmbh Micro-Cleaning Borste aus Kunststoff für insbesondere technische Bürsten
JP2005200455A (ja) * 2004-01-13 2005-07-28 Yuichiro Niizaki 自己修復プラスチック製ブラシ毛素材、自己修復プラスチック製ブラシ毛素材より形成されたブラシ具。

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230144445A1 (en) * 2019-05-03 2023-05-11 Hymmen GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Method for producing a structure on a surface
USD997480S1 (en) * 2020-06-29 2023-08-29 Clear Consumer Products Group, LLC Glassware polishing system
CN114406904A (zh) * 2021-12-24 2022-04-29 浙江光锐科技有限公司 一种玻璃制品表面磨砂装置及磨砂加工方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2436480A3 (de) 2016-11-30
CA2751931A1 (en) 2012-03-10
JP3202507U (ja) 2016-02-12
CZ2010682A3 (cs) 2011-04-27
RU2011138368A (ru) 2013-03-20
JP2012101346A (ja) 2012-05-31
CZ302636B6 (cs) 2011-08-10
EP2436480A2 (de) 2012-04-04

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Effective date: 20111116

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

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