US20110265878A1 - Dye comprising a chromophore to which an acyloin group is attached - Google Patents
Dye comprising a chromophore to which an acyloin group is attached Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20110265878A1 US20110265878A1 US13/123,344 US200913123344A US2011265878A1 US 20110265878 A1 US20110265878 A1 US 20110265878A1 US 200913123344 A US200913123344 A US 200913123344A US 2011265878 A1 US2011265878 A1 US 2011265878A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- dye
- group
- formula
- represented
- chromophore
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- MWKAGZWJHCTVJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxyoctadecan-2-one Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(C)=O MWKAGZWJHCTVJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical group [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical group [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]=O AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Chemical compound O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018572 CuAlO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CuO Inorganic materials [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002370 SrTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten(VI) oxide Inorganic materials O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 179
- 0 *C(=O)C(C)O.*C(O)C(C)=O.C Chemical compound *C(=O)C(C)O.*C(O)C(C)=O.C 0.000 description 28
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 11
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001044 red dye Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical class CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZANIGAQPSBQDW-VYDQNIMRSA-N C1=C/C2=C/C3=CC=C(/C=C4/C=CC(=N4)/C=C4/C=C/C(=C/C1=N2)N4)N3.C1=C/C2=N/C3=CC=C(/N=C4/C=CC(=N4)/N=C4/C=C/C(=N/C1=N2)N4)N3.C1=CC2=C3/C=C4\N=C(/C=C5\N/C(=C\C6=N/C(=C\C(=C2C=C1)N3)C1=C6C=CC=C1)C1=C5C=CC=C1)C1=C4C=CC=C1.C1=CC2=C3/N=C4\N=C(/N=C5\N/C(=N\C6=N/C(=N\C(=C2C=C1)N3)C1=C6C=CC=C1)C1=C5C=CC=C1)C1=C4C=CC=C1.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC Chemical compound C1=C/C2=C/C3=CC=C(/C=C4/C=CC(=N4)/C=C4/C=C/C(=C/C1=N2)N4)N3.C1=C/C2=N/C3=CC=C(/N=C4/C=CC(=N4)/N=C4/C=C/C(=N/C1=N2)N4)N3.C1=CC2=C3/C=C4\N=C(/C=C5\N/C(=C\C6=N/C(=C\C(=C2C=C1)N3)C1=C6C=CC=C1)C1=C5C=CC=C1)C1=C4C=CC=C1.C1=CC2=C3/N=C4\N=C(/N=C5\N/C(=N\C6=N/C(=N\C(=C2C=C1)N3)C1=C6C=CC=C1)C1=C5C=CC=C1)C1=C4C=CC=C1.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC TZANIGAQPSBQDW-VYDQNIMRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIEXETXXAQVPHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M CCCCCCC1=CC2=C(C=C(C3=CC4=N(C=C3)[Ru]3(N=C=S)(N=C=S)(N5=C(C=C(C(=O)O)C=C5)C5=N3C=CC(C(=O)O)=C5)N3=C4C=C(C4=CC5=C(C=C(C)S5)S4)C=C3)S2)S1.CCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C2=CC=C(C3=CC4=N(C=C3)[Ru]3(N=C=S)(N=C=S)(N5=C(C=C(C(=O)O)C=C5)C5=N3C=CC(C(=O)O)=C5)N3=C4C=C(C4=CC=C(C5=CC=C(CCCCCCCC)S5)S4)C=C3)S2)S1.CCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C2=CC=C(C3=CC4=N(C=C3)[Ru]3(N=C=S)(N=C=S)(N5=C(C=C(C(=O)[O-])C=C5)C5=N3C=CC(C(=O)O)=C5)N3=C4C=C(C4=CC=C(C5=CC=C(CCCCCCCC)S5)S4)C=C3)S2)S1 Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC2=C(C=C(C3=CC4=N(C=C3)[Ru]3(N=C=S)(N=C=S)(N5=C(C=C(C(=O)O)C=C5)C5=N3C=CC(C(=O)O)=C5)N3=C4C=C(C4=CC5=C(C=C(C)S5)S4)C=C3)S2)S1.CCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C2=CC=C(C3=CC4=N(C=C3)[Ru]3(N=C=S)(N=C=S)(N5=C(C=C(C(=O)O)C=C5)C5=N3C=CC(C(=O)O)=C5)N3=C4C=C(C4=CC=C(C5=CC=C(CCCCCCCC)S5)S4)C=C3)S2)S1.CCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C2=CC=C(C3=CC4=N(C=C3)[Ru]3(N=C=S)(N=C=S)(N5=C(C=C(C(=O)[O-])C=C5)C5=N3C=CC(C(=O)O)=C5)N3=C4C=C(C4=CC=C(C5=CC=C(CCCCCCCC)S5)S4)C=C3)S2)S1 QIEXETXXAQVPHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- RHIQMBBGLUVYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M CCCCCCC1=CC=C(C2=CC3=N(C=C2)[Ru]2(N=C=S)(N=C=S)(N4=C(C=C(C(=O)O)C=C4)C4=N2C=CC(C(=O)O)=C4)N2=C3C=C(C3=CC=C(CCCCCC)S3)C=C2)S1.CCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C2=CC=C(C3=CC4=N(C=C3)[Ru]3(N=C=S)(N=C=S)(N5=C(C=C(C(=O)O)C=C5)C5=N3C=CC(C(=O)O)=C5)N3=C4C=C(C4=CC=C(C5=CC=C(CCCCCCCC)S5)S4)C=C3)S2)S1.CCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C2=CC=C(C3=CC4=N(C=C3)[Ru]3(N=C=S)(N=C=S)(N5=C(C=C(C(=O)[O-])C=C5)C5=N3C=CC(C(=O)O)=C5)N3=C4C=C(C4=CC=C(C5=CC=C(CCCCCCCC)S5)S4)C=C3)S2)S1 Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=C(C2=CC3=N(C=C2)[Ru]2(N=C=S)(N=C=S)(N4=C(C=C(C(=O)O)C=C4)C4=N2C=CC(C(=O)O)=C4)N2=C3C=C(C3=CC=C(CCCCCC)S3)C=C2)S1.CCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C2=CC=C(C3=CC4=N(C=C3)[Ru]3(N=C=S)(N=C=S)(N5=C(C=C(C(=O)O)C=C5)C5=N3C=CC(C(=O)O)=C5)N3=C4C=C(C4=CC=C(C5=CC=C(CCCCCCCC)S5)S4)C=C3)S2)S1.CCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C2=CC=C(C3=CC4=N(C=C3)[Ru]3(N=C=S)(N=C=S)(N5=C(C=C(C(=O)[O-])C=C5)C5=N3C=CC(C(=O)O)=C5)N3=C4C=C(C4=CC=C(C5=CC=C(CCCCCCCC)S5)S4)C=C3)S2)S1 RHIQMBBGLUVYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N deoxycholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N deoxycholic acid Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-VMNATFBRSA-N methanol-d1 Chemical compound [2H]OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-VMNATFBRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000004424 polypyridyl Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- OGJKMZVUJJYWKO-CYBMUJFWSA-N stepharine Chemical compound C([C@H]1NCCC=2C=C(C(=C3C=21)OC)OC)C13C=CC(=O)C=C1 OGJKMZVUJJYWKO-CYBMUJFWSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)OCC QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B47/00—Porphines; Azaporphines
- C09B47/04—Phthalocyanines abbreviation: Pc
- C09B47/08—Preparation from other phthalocyanine compounds, e.g. cobaltphthalocyanineamine complex
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
- C09B57/007—Squaraine dyes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
- C09B57/10—Metal complexes of organic compounds not being dyes in uncomplexed form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B62/00—Reactive dyes, i.e. dyes which form covalent bonds with the substrates or which polymerise with themselves
- C09B62/44—Reactive dyes, i.e. dyes which form covalent bonds with the substrates or which polymerise with themselves with the reactive group not directly attached to a heterocyclic ring
- C09B62/78—Reactive dyes, i.e. dyes which form covalent bonds with the substrates or which polymerise with themselves with the reactive group not directly attached to a heterocyclic ring with other reactive groups
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/344—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising ruthenium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/652—Cyanine dyes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dye comprising a chromophore to which an acyloin group is attached, to a method of synthesis of such dye, to an electronic device comprising such dye and to the use of such dye.
- the dye-sensitised solar cell (B. O'Regan and M. Grätzel, Nature 353 (1991) 737; WO 91/16719 [A]) is a photovoltaic device that offers high energy-conversion efficiencies at low cost.
- DSSC dye-sensitised solar cell
- these functions are separated.
- Light is absorbed by a sensitizer dye which is anchored to the surface of a semiconductor such as nanocrystalline TiO 2 .
- the charge separation takes place at the interface via photo-induced electron injection from the dye into the conduction band of the semiconductor.
- the dye molecule is regenerated from a counter electrode via a redox couple in the electrolyte.
- the redox couple is regenerated in turn at the counter-electrode the circuit being completed by electron transport through the external load.
- the efficiency of a DSSC is determined by the number of collected and injected photons, and thus by the light absorbed by the dye sensitizer.
- One of the main criteria of a dye to act as efficient sensitizer in DSSC is its adsorbtion (by chemisorption) onto the semiconductor surface. Further, for high efficiencies, the ideal sensitizer should absorb efficiently over a broad range of solar spectrum.
- the dye Upon photo-excitation the dye should inject electrons into the conduction band of the semiconductor with a quantum yield of unity. To minimize energy losses during electron transfer, the energy level of its excited state should be well matched with the lower bound of the conduction band of the semiconductor. Its redox potential should be well matched with that of the redox couple so that the dye regeneration via electron donation is possible.
- the photoexcited electrons located in the bipyridyl ligands can be very efficiently injected in the conduction band of the semiconductor via the carboxyl-anchor groups. This process has been shown to be very fast. [Y. Tachibana, J. E. Moser, M. Grätzel, D. R. Klug, J. R. Durrant, J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 20056]
- the recombination process between the injected electrons in TiO 2 and the dye-cations is a slow process.
- the slow recombination is considered to be a result of the large separation between semiconductor and the Ru 3+ by the bipyridyl ligands.
- the molecular design of these Ru-complexes is successful in an efficient charge separation and thus, high energy conversion efficiency.
- the energy conversion efficiency of the DSSC is limited by the light-harvesting capacity of these Ru-dyes to absorb the sunlight.
- the photo-active region of the photovoltaic device is reduced to the visible part of the solar spectrum, and within that, to the shorter wavelength region. The photons of the longer wavelength region are not harvested and cannot be converted to electrical energy.
- Adsorption and charge injection could be further demonstrated with other anchoring groups like sulfonic acid, hydroxyl, triethoxysilane, catechol group and boronic acid, but no solar cells with significant efficiency of DSSC could be achieved with dyes having such anchoring groups (a) Grätzel et al, New. J. Chem., 2000, 24, 651-652; b) Ford et al., J. Phys. Chem. B, 1994, 98, 3822; c) Lavicmiri et al., J. Photochem. Photobiol., A, 2004, 166, 91.).
- Nanoporous semiconductors such as TiO 2
- TiO 2 are key components in the process of heteregenous photocatalysis applied in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production or photolytic water purification (Arakawa et al., J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, 2000, 63-69; b) Chanon, Eds. Elsevier, Photoinduced Electron Transfer, 1988).
- Most photocatalysts, such as nanoiporous TiO 2 are active under UV irradiation, and their inactivity in the visible light region (solar light) limits their practical application.
- One of the strategies to overcome this is the anchoring of charge transfer dyes to the surface of the wide band gap semiconductor rendering them sensitive to visible sun light.
- the dyes are generally linked to the semiconductor through a carboxylate linkages via a ester linkage.
- This linkage is quite unstable in water which is the environment in such processes.
- anchoring groups for attaching dyes on the semiconductor surfaces.
- an object of the present invention to provide for improved dyes with intense absorption in the visible and long wavelength region of the solar spectrum. It was another object of the present invention to provide for dyes which can be easily covalently attached to nanocrystalline wide band gap semiconductors, such as TiO 2 , SnO 2 etc. It was furthermore an object of the present invention to provide for dyes that allow an efficient charge transfer from the dye to the semiconductor. It was furthermore an object of the present invention to provide for dyes that are easily accessible due simple methods of preparation.
- a dye comprising a chromophore to which an acyloin group is attached, said dye being represented by formula 1a or 1b:
- said chromophore is an organic or metal-organic compound absorbing electromagnetic radiation in the range from 300-1200 nm, or a subrange thereof, preferably 350-500 nm or 500-750 nm or 350-700 nm, wherein A is selected from H, or any cyclic or acyclic alkyl, or any straight or branched chain moiety of general formula —(CH 2 ) n1 —R, —[(CR ⁇ CR) n1 —(CH 2 ) n2 ] p —R, —[(C ⁇ C) n1 —(CH 2 ) n2 ] p —R, —[(CH 2 ) n1 —X n2 ] p —R, or halogen, such as F, Cl, Br, I, or moieties containing heteroatoms, such as NO 2 , CN, NR 2 , —OH or any substituted or non-substituted phenyl or bi
- the dye according to the present invention comprises a chromophore to which an acyloin group is attached, said dye being represented by formula 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, 2i, or 2j
- A, X, n1, n2, n, p are as defined above, and wherein Y, at each occurrence, is independently selected from —CR 2 , O, S, NR, —CR, R being as defined above.
- the dye according to the present invention is represented by formula 2d, 2e, 2f, or 2h
- said chromophore is selected from the moieties shown in formula 3
- R, X, Y, n, n 1 , n 2 and p are as defined in claim 1 .
- the dye according to the present invention is represented by formula 5
- the dye according to the present invention is represented by formula 6
- the dye according to the present invention is represented by formula 7
- R 11 , Z, and X are as defined in claim 5 , or is represented by formula 8
- R 11 , Z, X and Y are as defined above, or is represented by formula 10
- R, Z, X, Y and n are as defined above, or is represented by formula 12
- R, Z, Y, X and n are as defined above, or is represented by formula 13
- R, Z, X, Y, n are as defined above.
- said chromophore is a metal complex selected from the structures represented by formula 14
- M being Ruthenium Ru, Osmium Os, or Iridium Ir, preferably Ruthenium, Hal being independently selected from Cl, Br, I, CN, —NCS, preferably —NCS with n3, n4, n5 being integers which, at each occurrence, are independently 0-4, preferably 2 or 3, and L and L′ being organic heterocyclic ligands containing nitrogen atoms which are linked by N-atoms to the respective metal M, and wherein either one of L and L′, or both L and L′ are linked to the acyloin group by any of the C-atoms within said ligands.
- said ligands L and L′ are independently, at each occurrence, mono- or polycyclic, condensed rings or such rings covalently bonded to each other.
- said ligands L and U are independently, at each occurrence, selected from the group comprising
- said chromophore is a metal complex represented by formula 16
- M′ Palladium Pd, Platinum Pt or Nickel Ni, preferably Pd, and n6 being an integer 0-4, preferably 1-2, and L′′ being an organic heterocyclic ligand containing nitrogen atoms, said ligand being linked by one or several of said N-atoms to the respective metal M′, and said ligand being linked to said acycloin group by any of the C-atoms within said ligand.
- said ligand L′′ is selected from the group comprising
- the device according to the present invention is a solar cell, preferably a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), said solar cell further comprising a photoactive semiconductor porous material.
- DSSC dye-sensitized solar cell
- the device according to the present invention contains a charge-transporting agent which is a liquid, polymer gel based or solid state electrolyte.
- the device according to the present invention is a solar cell wherein said dye is chemisorbed to said photoactive semiconductor porous material.
- the device according to the present invention further comprises at least one other dye.
- said at least one other dye is a dye according to the present invention.
- said at least one other dye is a dye selected from structures 15, 27-32:
- said photoactive semiconductor porous material is selected from TiO 2 , SnO 2 , ZnO, Nb 2 O 5 , ZrO 2 , CeO 2 , WO 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , CrO 2 , CrO 3 , SiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , CuO, Al 2 O 3 , CuAlO 2 , SrTiO 3 , SrCu 2 O 2 , ZrTiO 4 , preferably TiO 2 , and combinations of the foregoing.
- said photoactive semiconductor porous material has one or several of the following features:
- the objects of the present invention are also solved by the use of a dye according to the present invention as a sensitizer in a dye-sensitized solar cell.
- said use is together with at least one other dye.
- said at least one other dye is a dye as defined above, or a dye selected from structures 15, 27-32:
- said use together with at least one other dye is in a dye-sensitized solar cell having a tandem geometry (as, e.g., described in Example 9 below), or the mixture of a dye in accordance with the present invention and at least one other dye is used for coating an electrode of said dye-sensitized solar cell.
- a dye according to the present invention as a photosensitzer in a photocatalytic process, such as photocatalysed hydrogen production or photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. It should be noted that any photocatalytic process may be useful in the context of the present invention.
- the dye molecules are adsorbed to the nanoporous particles via self-assembling out of a dye solution or a dyes-mixture solution.
- Examples of electronic devices comprising a dye in accordance with the present invention include energy supply devices for portable electronic devices and displays, such as solar cell panels for or incorporated in mobile phones, notebooks, laptops, portable audio-tape players, MP3-players, remote controls, e-cards, e-books, e-readers, portable CD-players, portable DVD-players, cameras, digicams, GPS devices, portable sensors, displays integrated in electronic devices. Examples of electronic devices in accordance with the present invention also include portable solar chargers for batteries of any of the afore-mentioned devices. Moreover, electronic devices in accordance with the present invention include smart windows, on-roof-applications, especially in areas where a grid connection is not possible, e.g. camping cars, boats. If the electronic device in accordance with the present invention is an energy supply device, and said energy supply device is a solar cell panel, such panel is preferably a dye-sensitized solar cell panel (DSSC panel) (see also FIG. 21 ).
- the objects of the present invention are also solved by the use of a dye according to the present invention, for the sensitization of the photocatalyst, such as TiO 2 , in photocatalytic processes, e.g in photocatalysed hydrogen production, photocatalytic splitting of water or photocatalytic decomposition of pollutants.
- a dye according to the present invention for the sensitization of the photocatalyst, such as TiO 2 , in photocatalytic processes, e.g in photocatalysed hydrogen production, photocatalytic splitting of water or photocatalytic decomposition of pollutants.
- chromophore is meant to refer to an organic or metal-organic compound which is able to absorb electromagnetic radiation in the range of from 350 nm to 1100 nm, or a subrange thereof, e.g 350-500 nm or 500-850 nm, or 350-850 nm.
- acyloin group is the moiety which is included in the structure of the dyes according to present invention and is represented by formula 18
- anchoring group is meant to refer to any functional group that allows a covalent coupling (chemisorption) of the entity to which such anchoring group belongs, to a surface, for example the surface of a nanoporous semiconductor layer within a solar cell.
- a dye is referred to as being “chemisorbed” to a layer or surface, if the dye is covalently coupled thereto.
- formula 3 which exemplifies a “chromophore” in accordance with the present invention
- the term “a combination of the moieties represented by formula 3” is used. This is meant to encompass any molecule wherein one or several of the structures given in formula 3 are covalently linked to each other to also produce a “chromophore”.
- substituted phenyl/biphenyl is meant to refer to any phenyl/biphenyl wherein a hydrogen has been replaced by a substituent, such as a halogen, NO 2 , NH 2 , OH or other suitable functional groups.
- substituents have for example been defined above as Z, which substituents may also be substitutents at a phenyl or biphenyl.
- the inventors have surprisingly found that using acyloin groups as anchoring groups for a dye allows an efficient covalent attachment of such dye to nanoporous surfaces of photoactive layers, such as TiO 2 -layers.
- the dyes having the acyloin group attached as anchoring group can be used as sensitizers in solar cells but also for sensitizing the photocatalyst which are mosly wide band gap oxide semiconductors such as TiO 2 , to extend the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts into the visible light region. This is particular important for example in the field of heterogeneous photocatalysis such as photolytic hydrogen production or photocatylytic water production or photocatalytic destruction of organic pollutants.
- the number of dyes that can be potentially used in such applications is strongly increased.
- the synthesis of such dyes is surprisingly simple.
- the dyes according to the present invention show high quantum efficiency similar to that of the standard red-dye. If one therefore combines the dyes of the present invention with other dyes, such as other organic dyes or standard red dye or standard black dye, a broad range of the solar spectrum may be harvested. That makes the dyes of the present invention very promising to be used together with other dyes, such as organic dyes, standard red dye or standard black dye or further dyes according to the present invention with absorption maxima at different wavelengths.
- a dye sensitized solar cell comprising a dye according to the present invention, and, in addition thereto, one or more further dyes, is herein also referred to as a multiple-dyes sensitized solar cell (M-DSSC).
- M-DSSC multiple-dyes sensitized solar cell
- said one or more further dyes is also a dye according to the present invention.
- organic dyes have high absorption coefficients. This means it needs less amount of dye to absorb the same amount of light. Less amount of one dye on a surface enables the use of more dyes with different absorption properties, ideally being a mixture of dyes absorbing the whole range of the sun spectrum.
- FIG. 1 shows a synthesis scheme of one example dye in accordance with the present invention being represented by general formula 2e, E being Cl or an alkoxy group, preferably ethoxy, propoxy, iso-propoxy or butoxy, X being as defined above, chromophore being as defined above,
- FIG. 2 shows a synthesis scheme of one example dye in accordance with the present invention being represented by general formula 2h, E, Y, X, n 1 , n 2 , p, chromophore being as defined above, Hal ⁇ being I ⁇ , Cl ⁇ , Br ⁇ , NCS ⁇ or SCN ⁇ ,
- FIG. 3 shows a synthesis scheme of one example dye in accordance with the present invention being represented by general formula 5, E, Z, R 11 -R 13 , X being as defined above,
- FIG. 4 shows a synthesis scheme of one example dye in accordance with the present invention being represented by general formula 9, X, Y, Z, R 1 being as defined above,
- FIG. 5 shows the molecular structure of some dyes according to present invention
- FIG. 6 shows the synthesis of one example dye in accordance with the present invention being represented by formula 1,
- FIG. 7 shows the synthesis of one example dye in accordance with the present invention being represented by formula 2,
- FIG. 8 shows the synthesis of one example dye in accordance with the present invention being represented by formula 5,
- FIG. 9 shows a photograph of the adsorption of dye in accordance with the present invention being represented by formula 1 on a TiO 2 layer
- FIG. 10 shows a table indicating the performance of a dye sensitized solar cell prepared with a dye in accordance with the present invention being represented by formula 1 by measuring the efficiency of solar cells by means of sulphur lamp,
- FIG. 11 shows the incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) plotted against wavelength for a dye in accordance with the present invention being represented by formula 1,
- FIG. 12 shows a table displaying the performance of various dye sensitized solar cells prepared with a dye in accordance with the present invention being represented by formula 1 in mixture with other dyes and in comparison to other sensitizers,
- FIG. 13 shows the incident photon to current efficiency of a dye in accordance with the present invention being represented by formula 1, of a dye being represented by formula 14 ( FIG. 15 ) and a mixture of these two dyes, plotted against wavelength,
- FIG. 14 shows a table indicating the performance of a dye sensitized solar cell prepared with a dye in accordance with the present invention being represented by formula 1 in comparison with organic dye being represented by formula 16 ( FIG. 15 ), by measuring the efficiency of solar cells by means of sun simulator,
- FIG. 15 shows the structure of other sensitizers that were used for comparison and in mixture with dyes according to present invention (sensitizers 14, 15 and 16).
- FIG. 16 shows structures 17-26 which are exemplary dyes in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 17 shows exemplary structures 15, 27-32 of other dyes which can be used together with the dyes in accordance with the present invention.
- FIGS. 18-20 show various tables and IPCE curves showing the efficiencies of solar cells, as prepared and described in Examples 11) to 13).
- FIG. 21 shows various embodiments of electronic devices in accordance with the present invention wherein energy supply devices, such as solar cell panels, preferably dye sensitized solar cell panels (DSSCs) have been incorporated.
- energy supply devices such as solar cell panels, preferably dye sensitized solar cell panels (DSSCs) have been incorporated.
- DSSCs dye sensitized solar cell panels
- FIG. 6 shows the synthesis scheme of dye 1 in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 7 shows the synthesis scheme of dye 2 in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 8 shows the synthesis scheme of dye 5 in accordance with the present invention.
- UV/VIS acetonitrile
- FIG. 9 shows a photograph of the adsorption of dye 1 in accordance with the present invention on a TiO 2 layer
- the substrate with screen printed nanoporous TiO2 particles is poured and kept in a dye or dyes mixture solution for at least 1 h.
- the dye molecules having the acyloin group as anchor group are able to adsorb onto the nanoporous layer via self-assembling.
- the effective adsorption and chemisorption (covalent coupling) of the dyes with acyloin group onto semiconductor surface is proved by the stable color of the substrate even after the substrate was washed with an organic solvent.
- the DSSCs are assembled as follows: A 30-nm-thick bulk TiO 2 blocking layer is formed on FTO (approx. 100 nm on glass or flexible substrate). A 5-30 ⁇ m-thick porous layer of TiO 2 semiconductor particles of 0.1882 cm 2 active area multi-printed by screen printing on the blocking layer and sintered at 450° C. for half an hour. Dye molecules are adsorbed to the nanoporos particles via self-assembling out of a dye-solution.
- the dye-solution consists of a single dye or single dye and an additive, such as deoxycholic acid or a mixture of dye in different ratio or a mixture of dye in different ratio and an additive.
- the porous layer is filled with liquid electrolyte containing I ⁇ /I 3 ⁇ as redox couple (15 mM) by drop casting. A reflective platinum back electrode is attached with a distance of 6 ⁇ m from the porous layer.
- the quality of the cells is evaluated by means of current density (J) and voltage (V) characteristics under illumination with light from
- the efficiency of a photovoltaic device is calculated as follows:
- IPCE incident photon to current efficiency
- FIG. 10 shows the performance and the efficiency of DSSCs prepared by method described in 6 and measured by method described in 7a with dye 1 .
- FIG. 11 shows the IPCE plotted verses wavelength for sensitizer 1 .
- the efficiency of the DSSC prepared with sensitizer dye 1 shows high efficiency (>7%). There are only few other organic dyes, such as dye 16 , showing such high performance. However, the superiority of the dyes according to present invention lies not only in the high efficiencies of the DSSCs achieved when using these dyes, but also in their simple preparation ( FIGS. 1-4 ).
- Sensitizer dye 1 shows an IPCE value of 0.9 in its maximum at ca. 490 nm. That means that the photons absorbed in this region from the sun can be converted to almost 90% to current by injection into conduction band of TiO 2 . Such a high value is rarely achieved and only with few dyes, such as the Ruthenium based standard red dye.
- the solar cells were prepared by method described in Example 6 and measured according to Example 7a.
- DSSCs prepared with the respective single sensitizer dye were prepared and measured.
- the performance and the efficiency of DSSCs are shown in FIG. 12 .
- a mixture of the dye in accordance with the present invention, in this case dye 1 , with either an organic dye 14 or with a Ruthenium based dye (black dye) 15 yields an increase in short current density and thus, a drastic increase in DSSC efficiency.
- FIG. 13 shows the IPCE curve of the individual dyes 1 and 14 , and the IPCE curve of a 1:1 mixture of these dyes.
- the individual dyes are photo-active in different region of the solar spectrum.
- a mixture of the dyes due to additive behaviour of the IPCE curves, a very broad range solar light can be harvested and converted to current.
- the DSSCs were prepared by method described in Example 6 and measured according to Example 7b.
- the DSSC efficiencies are in the same range of 5%. However, when one compares the structure of the dyes, it becomes clear that the dye according to present invention, namely dye 1 , is much more easily synthesized than dye 16 .
- the DSSCs were prepared by the method described in Example 6 and by using 25 ⁇ m TiO 2 layer and measured according to Example 7b.
- the efficiency and IPCE curve are shown in FIGS. 18 a and 18 b , respectively.
- IPCE incident photon to current efficiency
- the solar cells were prepared by method described in Example 6 and measured according to Example 7b.
- DSSC prepared with the respective single sensitizer dye 15 was prepared and measured.
- the efficiency is shown in FIG. 19 . As can be seen, the efficiencies by using a mixture of dyes for sensitization are much higher than that using only a single dye as sensitizer.
- the solar cells were prepared by method described in Example 6 and measured according to Example 7b. For comparison also DSSC prepared with the respective single sensitizer dye 14 was prepared and measured.
- the present invention provides for new sensitizer dyes which are useful for being employed in solar cells as well as in photocatalytic applications. They readily adsorb to nanoporous semiconductor layers and are easily manufactured.
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EP09008155.5 | 2009-06-22 | ||
PCT/EP2009/006888 WO2010049042A2 (fr) | 2008-10-27 | 2009-09-23 | Colorant comprenant un chromophore auquel est attaché un groupe acyloine |
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JP5572028B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-03 | 2014-08-13 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光電変換素子及びこれを用いた光電気化学電池、光電変換素子用組成物 |
JP2012053984A (ja) * | 2010-08-03 | 2012-03-15 | Fujifilm Corp | 光電変換素子及び光電気化学電池並びに光電変換素子及び光電気化学電池の製造方法 |
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US10964486B2 (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2021-03-30 | Exeger Operations Ab | Dye-sensitized solar cell unit and a photovoltaic charger including the solar cell unit |
EP3598465A1 (fr) * | 2018-07-16 | 2020-01-22 | Exeger Operations AB | Cellule photovoltaique avec support en tissu et chargeur pour appareils électroniques portables |
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US6335481B1 (en) * | 1998-09-30 | 2002-01-01 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor particle sensitized with methine dye |
JP2002105346A (ja) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-04-10 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 金属錯体色素、光電変換素子および光電池 |
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JP2006134649A (ja) * | 2004-11-04 | 2006-05-25 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | 光電変換素子 |
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WO2010049042A3 (fr) | 2010-10-07 |
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EP2362884A2 (fr) | 2011-09-07 |
CN102197097A (zh) | 2011-09-21 |
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