Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
  • B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
  • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
  • B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
  • C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
  • C21D8/0436—Cold rolling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
  • C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
  • C21D8/0442—Flattening; Dressing; Flexing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
  • C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
  • C21D8/0473—Final recrystallisation annealing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
  • C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
  • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
  • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets

Definitions

• This disclosure relates to a steel sheet for a can, the steel sheet having high strength and being free from slab cracking during continuous casting, and a method for manufacturing the steel sheet.
• cost-cutting measures for the manufacturing cost of cans have been taken to expand the demand for steel cans.
• An example of the cost-cutting measures for the manufacturing cost of cans is a reduction in raw-material cost.
• a simple reduction in the thickness of a conventional steel sheet reduces the strength of a can body.
• high-strength thin steel sheet for a can is desired for these uses.
• JP 5-195073 discloses a method including subjecting a steel containing 0.07%-0.20% C, 0.50%-1.50% Mn, 0.025% or less S, 0.002%-0.100% Al, and 0.012% or less N to rolling, continuous annealing, and skin pass rolling to afford a steel sheet having a proof stress of 56 kgf/mm 2 or more.
• JP 59-50125 discloses a method including subjecting a steel containing 0.13% or less C, 0.70% or less Mn, 0.050% or less S, and 0.015% or less N to rolling and continuous annealing and that a steel sheet has a yield stress of about 65 kgf/mm 2 after lacquer baking in an Example.
• JP 62-30848 discloses a method including subjecting a steel containing 0.03%-0.10% C, 0.15%-0.50% Mn, 0.02% or less S, 0.065% Al, and 0.004%-0.010% N to rolling, continuous annealing, and skin pass rolling to afford a steel sheet having a yield stress of 500 ⁇ 50 N/mm 2 .
• JP 2000-26921 discloses a method including subjecting a steel containing 0.1% or less C and 0.001%-0.015% N to rolling, continuous annealing, overaging, and skin pass rolling to afford a steel sheet having a temper designation of up to T6 (a hardness of about 70 (HR30T)).
• a steel sheet having a yield strength of about 420 MPa is used for bodies of three-piece cans.
• the steel sheet is required to have a thickness reduced by several percent. It is necessary to have a yield strength of 450 MPa or more to meet the requirement and maintain the strength of can bodies.
• a steel corner In the case where a steel having high C and N contents is produced and formed into a slab, cracking can occur at a corner (hereinafter, referred to as a “slab corner”) of a long side and a short side of the cross section of the slab in a continuous casting process.
• the slab corner In the case of a vertical-bending type or bow type continuous casting machine, the slab undergoes bending deformation or unbending deformation (only in the vertical-bending type continuous casting machine) at high temperatures.
• Such a steel with high C and N contents has poor high temperature ductility, thus causing cracking during deformation.
• the slab corner When the slab corner is cracked, it is necessary to perform, for example, surface grinding. This disadvantageously causes a reduction in yield and an increase in cost.
• the high-strength steel sheets described in the related art have high proportions of C and N, which function as solid-solution strengthening elements, and thus are highly likely to be cracked at slab corners in a continuous casting process.
• the ductility of the steel described above is reduced in the range above 800° C. and below 900° C.
• the operation is performed in such a manner that the temperatures of a slab corner in a region (hereinafter, referred to as a “correction zone”) where a slab undergoes bending deformation or unbending deformation in continuous casting are not within the temperature range, thereby more assuredly preventing the cracking at the slab corner.
• % indicates the units of the content of each ingredient in the steel and means % by mass.
• high-strength steel sheet for a can is used to indicate a steel sheet for a can, the steel sheet having a yield strength of 450 MPa or more.
• a steel sheet for a can is a high-strength steel sheet for a can, the steel sheet having a yield strength of 450 MPa or more.
• Solid-solution strengthening using C and N and solid-solution strengthening and grain refinement strengthening using P and Mn result in a steel sheet having a higher strength than a conventional steel sheet for a can, the conventional steel sheet having a yield strength of 420 MPa.
• a steel sheet for a can it is essential to achieve predetermined strength or more (a yield strength of 450 MPa or more) after continuous annealing, skin pass rolling, and lacquer baking.
• the amount of C added is important, C functioning as a solid-solution strengthening element.
• the lower limit of the C content is set to 0.03%. Meanwhile, at a C content exceeding 0.10%, cracking at a slab corner is not prevented even when S and Al contents are regulated in a range described below.
• the upper limit of the C content is set to 0.10%.
• the C content is in the range of 0.04% to 0.07%.
• Si is an element that increases the strength of steel by solid-solution strengthening. A large amount of Si added causes a significant reduction in corrosion resistance. Thus, the Si content is in the range of 0.01% to 0.5%.
• P is an element that has a great ability for solid-solution strengthening. A large amount of P added causes a significant reduction in corrosion resistance. Thus, the upper limit is set to 0.100%. Meanwhile, a P content of less than 0.001% causes an excessively large dephosphorization cost. Thus, the lower limit of the P content is set to 0.001%.
• S is an impurity derived from a blast furnace feed material. S combines with Mn in steel to form MnS. The precipitation of MnS at grain boundaries at high temperatures leads to embrittlement. Meanwhile, the addition of Mn is needed to ensure strength. It is necessary to reduce the S content to inhibit the precipitation of MnS, thereby preventing cracking at a slab corner.
• the upper limit of the S content is set to 0.020% and preferably 0.005% or less. Furthermore, a S content of less than 0.001% causes an excessively large desulfurization cost. Thus, the lower limit is set to 0.001%.
• Al functions as a deoxidant and is an element needed to increase the cleanness of steel.
• Al combines with N in steel to form AlN. Like MnS, this segregates at grain boundaries to cause high-temperature embrittlement. A large amount of N is contained to ensure strength. Thus, to prevent embrittlement, it is necessary to reduce the Al content.
• the upper limit of the Al content is set to 0.10% and preferably 0.04% or less. Meanwhile, an Al content of a steel of less than 0.01% can cause insufficient deoxidation. The lower limit of the Al content is therefore set to 0.01%.
• N is an element that contributes to solid-solution strengthening.
• N is preferably added in an amount of 0.005% or more. Meanwhile, a large amount of N added causes a deterioration in hot ductility, so that cracking at a slab corner is inevitable even when the S content is regulated within the range described above.
• the upper limit of the N content is set to 0.012%.
• the balance is set to Fe and incidental impurities.
• the steel has microstructures that do not contain a pearlite microstructure.
• the pearlite microstructure is a lamellar microstructure of ferrite phases and cementite phases.
• the presence of a coarse pearlite microstructure causes voids and cracks due to stress concentration, reducing the ductility in a temperature region below the A 1 transformation point.
• a three-piece beverage can may be subjected to necking in which both ends of the can body are reduced in diameter. Furthermore, to roll the top and the bottom into flanges, flanging is performed in addition to necking Insufficient ductility at room temperature causes cracking in a steel sheet during the severe processing. Thus, to avoid a reduction in ductility at room temperature, the microstructures do not contain the pearlite microstructure.
• a method for manufacturing a steel sheet for a can will be described below.
• the hot rolling may be performed according to a common method.
• the thickness after the hot rolling is not particularly specified.
• the thickness is preferably 2 mm or less.
• the finishing temperature and the winding temperature are not particularly specified.
• the finishing temperature is preferably set to 850° C. to 930° C.
• the winding temperature is preferably set to 550° C. to 650° C.
• cold rolling is performed.
• the cold rolling is preferably performed at a draft of 80% or more. This is performed to crush pearlite microstructures formed after the hot rolling. A draft of less than 80% in the cold rolling allows the pearlite microstructures to be left. Thus, the draft in the cold rolling is set to 80% or more.
• the upper limit of the draft is not particularly specified. An excessively large draft causes an excessively large load imposed on a rolling mill, leading to faulty rolling. Hence, the draft is preferably 95% or less.
• the annealing temperature is set to a temperature below the A 1 transformation point.
• An annealing temperature of the A 1 transformation point or higher causes the formation of an austenite phase during the annealing.
• the austenite phase is transformed into pearlite microstructures in a cooling process after the annealing.
• the annealing temperature is set to a temperature below the A 1 transformation point.
• a known method for example, continuous annealing or batch annealing, may be employed.
• the resulting steel slabs were reheated to 1250° C., hot-rolled at a roll finishing temperature ranging from 880° C. to 900° C., cooled at an average cooling rate of 20 to 40 ° C./s until winding, and wound at a winding temperature ranging from 580° C. to 620° C.
• cold rolling was performed at a draft of 90% or more, affording steel sheets for a can, each of the steel sheets having a thickness of 0.17 to 0.2 mm.
• the resulting steel sheets for a can were heated at 15 ° C./sec and subjected to continuous annealing at annealing temperatures shown in Table 1 for 20 seconds. After cooling, skin pass rolling was performed at a draft of 3% or less. Common chromium plating was continuously performed, affording tin-free steel.
• a tensile test was performed. Specifically, each of the steel sheets was processed into tensile test pieces of JIS-5 type. The tensile test was performed with an Instron tester at 10 mm/min to measure the yield strength.
• a notched tensile test was also performed.
• Each of the steel sheets was processed into a tensile test piece having a width of the parallel portion of 12.5 mm, a length of the parallel portion of 60 mm, and a gauge length of 25 mm.
• a V-notch with a depth of 2 mm was made on each side of the middle of the parallel portion.
• the resulting test pieces were used for the tensile test.
• Test pieces each having an elongation at break of 5% or more were evaluated as pass (P).
• a test piece having an elongation at break of less than 5% was evaluated as fail (F).
• Table 1 shows the results together with the conditions.
• Table 1 shows that each of Samples 1 to 8, which are Examples, has excellent strength and a yield strength of 450 MPa or more required for a reduction in the thickness of the can body of a three-piece can by several percent. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that no cracking occurs at a slab corner during the continuous casting.
• Samples 9 and 10 which are Comparative Examples, are small in Mnf and N, respectively, thus leading to insufficient strength.
• Samples 11 and 12 have a high S content and a high Al content, respectively.
• Samples 13 and 14 have the surface temperatures of the slab corners within the region above 800° C. and below 900° C. in the upper correction zone and the lower correction zone, respectively, the region being outside our range. Hence, cracking occurred at the slab corners.
• the annealing temperature is the A 1 transformation point or higher.
• the microstructure contains pearlite at room temperature, leading to insufficient ductility at room temperature.
• a steel sheet for a can has a yield strength of 450 MPa or more without cracking at a slab corner in a continuous casting process and can be suitably used for can bodies, can lids, can bottoms, tabs, and so forth of three-piece cans.

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• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
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• 2008
  • 2008-03-19 JP JP2008070517A patent/JP5526483B2/ja active Active
• 2009
  • 2009-03-18 US US12/933,117 patent/US20110108168A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-03-18 CN CN2009801096494A patent/CN101978084A/zh active Pending
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